Effects of watershed char and climate variables on annual runoff in different climatic zones in China

The complex interactions between climate and watershed characteristics lead to diverse annual runoff responses. Understanding the mechanism by which different climatic and watershed factors affect annual runoff is helpful in understanding the resulting changes in the hydrological process. In this study, the characteristics of 73 watersheds were analyzed. The basins were divided into three categories according to their climatic regions: temperate continental climate (n = 7); temperate monsoon climate(n = 36); and subtropical monsoon climate(n = 30). Correlation analysis, linear regression, and path analysis were used to quantify the effects of selected watershed characteristics and meteorological conditions on long-term runoff. Results showed that the average annual runoff coefficient was strongly correlated with basin area, showing a scale effect. The average annual runoff depth was strongly positively correlated with precipitation for the all watersheds. As the drought index (DI, the ratio of annual evaporation capacity to annual precipitation) increased, the annual runoff depth decreased logarithmically. The average annual rainfall and runoff depth of watersheds in the subtropical monsoon climate zone were significantly higher than those in other climatic zones, and there was no significant difference in potential evaporation between the temperate monsoon climate and subtropical monsoon climate zones. With increases in both the drought index (Ep/P) and moisture index (E/P), the vegetation distribution in the basin showed an increasing trend in farmland area and decreasing trend in forest area. Path analysis showed that rainfall had a positive effect on annual average runoff depth (ranging from 31 to 62%) while actual evapotranspiration had a negative impact (ranging from 17 to 47%). For all basins, a negative effect (13-25%) of basin area on runoff depth was observed, while forestland area had a positive effect (7-39%) on runoff depth. This study further quantified the effects of climatic and geographical factors on the long-term water balance in different climatic regions.

Novel Inactivated Subtype B Avian Metapneumovirus Vaccine Induced Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses

Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV), a highly contagious agent, is widespread and causes acute upper respiratory tract disease in chickens and turkeys. However, currently, there is no vaccine licensed in China. Herein, we describe the development of an inactivated aMPV/B vaccine using the aMPV/B strain LN16. Combined with a novel adjuvant containing immune-stimulating complexes (ISCOMs), the novel vaccine could induce high virus-specific and VN antibodies. In addition, it activated B and T lymphocytes and promoted the expression of IL-4 and IFN-γ. Importantly, boosting vaccination with the inactivated aMPV/B vaccine could provide 100% protection against aMPV/B infection with reduced virus shedding and turbinate inflammation. The protection efficacy could last for at least 6 months. This study yielded a novel inactivated aMPV/B vaccine that could serve as the first vaccine candidate in China, thus contributing to the control of aMPV/B and promoting the development of the poultry industry.

Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant for patients undergoing breast cancer surgery: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

The goal of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the analgesic and antiemetic effects of adjuvant dexmedetomidine (DEX) for breast cancer surgery using a meta-analysis.

METHODS

Electronic databases were searched to collect the studies that performed randomized controlled trials. The effect size was estimated by odd ratio (OR) or standardized mean difference (SMD). Statistical analysis was performed using the STATA 13.0 software.

RESULTS

Twelve published studies involving 396 DEX treatment patients and 395 patients with control treatment were included. Pooled analysis showed that the use of DEX significantly prolonged the time to first request of analgesia (SMD = 1.67), decreased the postoperative requirement for tramadol (SMD = -0.65) and morphine (total: SMD = -2.23; patient-controlled analgesia: SMD = -1.45) as well as intraoperative requirement for fentanyl (SMD = -1.60), and lower the pain score at 1 (SMD = -0.30), 2 (SMD = -1.45), 4 (SMD = -2.36), 6 (SMD = -0.63), 8 (SMD = -2.47), 12 (SMD = -0.81), 24 (SMD = -1.78), 36 (SMD = -0.92), and 48 (SMD = -0.80) hours postoperatively compared with the control group. Furthermore, the risks to develop postoperative nausea/vomiting (PONV) (OR = 0.38) and vomiting (OR = 0.54) were significantly decreased in the DEX group compared with the control group. The pain relief at early time point (2, 6, 12, 24 hours postoperatively) and the decrease in the incidence of PONV were especially obvious for the general anesthesia subgroup (P < .05) relative to local anesthesia subgroup (P >.05).

CONCLUSION

DEX may be a favorable anesthetic adjuvant in breast cancer surgery, which could lower postoperative pain and the risk to develop PONV. DEX should be combined especially for the patients undergoing general anesthesia.

Recombinant Lactococcus Expressing a Novel Variant of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus VP2 Protein Can Induce Unique Specific Neutralizing Antibodies in Chickens and Provide Complete Protection

Recent reports of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infections in China, Japan, and North America have indicated the presence of variant, and the current conventional IBDV vaccine cannot completely protect against variant IBDV. In this study, we constructed recombinant Lactococcus lactis (r-L. lactis) expressing a novel variant of IBDV VP2 (avVP2) protein along with the Salmonella resistance to complement killing (RCK) protein, and Western blotting analysis confirmed that r-L. lactis successfully expressed avVP2-RCK fusion protein. We immunized chickens with this vaccine and subsequently challenged them with the very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) and a novel variant wild IBDV (avIBDV) to evaluate the immune effect of the vaccine. The results show that the r-L. lactis-avVP2-RCK-immunized group exhibited a 100% protection rate when challenged with avIBDV and 100% survival rate to vvIBDV. Furthermore, this immunization resulted in the production of unique neutralizing antibodies that cannot be detected by conventional ELISA. These results indicate that r-L. lactis-avVP2-RCK is a promising candidate vaccine against IBDV infections, which can produce unique neutralizing antibodies that cannot be produced by other vaccines and protect against IBDV infection, especially against the variant strain.

A reassortment vaccine candidate of the novel variant infectious bursal disease virus

Infectious bursal disease (IBD), caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), is the most important immunosuppressive disease threatening the poultry industry worldwide. Recently, the novel variant IBDV has been emerging in large-scale in Asia including China and is becoming a new threat to the healthy development of the poultry industry, but no ideal vaccine is available. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to develop a new vaccine against the novel variant IBDV. In this study, based on the skeleton of an attenuated vaccine strain Gt, a reassortment virus strain rGtVarVP2 was constructed for the first time, which could express the main protective antigen VP2 of the novel variant IBDV and replicate well in cell culture. Subsequently, the safety and effectiveness of rGtVarVP2 were further evaluated using animal experiments. The rGtVarVP2 is nonpathogenic to specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicken. The immunization of rGtVarVP2 could induce the specific neutralizing antibodies against the novel variant IBDV. The challenge protection tests further confirmed the effectiveness of the IBDV reassortment virus rGtVarVP2. No atrophy and obvious lesions were observed in the immunization group while the bursae of non-immunization control group were severely destroyed after challenge, which showed that rGtVarVP2 could provide complete protection against the novel variant IBDV. These data indicate that the vaccine candidate (rGtVarVP2 strain) is safe and effective, which is of great significance for comprehensive control of IBD and healthy breeding.

Molecular characterization of avian leukosis virus subgroup J in Chinese local chickens between 2013 and 2018

Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) was first isolated from broiler chickens in China in 1999; subsequently, it was rapidly introduced into layer chickens and Chinese local chickens. Recently, the incidence of ALV-J in broiler and layer chickens has significantly decreased. However, it has caused substantial damage to Chinese local chickens, resulting in immense challenges to their production performance and breeding safety. To systematically analyze the molecular characteristics and the epidemic trend of ALV-J in Chinese local chickens, 260 clinical samples were collected for the period of 2013–2018; 18 ALV-J local chicken isolates were identified by antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and subgroup A-, B-, and J-specific multiplex PCR. The whole genomic sequences of 18 isolates were amplified with PCR and submitted to GenBank. Approximately, 55.5% (10/18) of the 18 isolates demonstrated a relatively high homology (92.3–95.4%) with 20 ALV-J early-isolated local strains (genome sequences obtained from GenBank) in gp85 genes clustering in a separated branch. The 3ʹ untranslated region (3ʹ UTR) of the 18 isolates showed a 195–210 and 16–28 base pair deletion in the redundant transmembrane region and in direct repeat 1, respectively; 55.5% (10/18) of the 18 isolates retained the 147 residue E element. The U3 gene of 61.1% (11/18) of the 18 isolates shared high identity (94.6–97.3%) with ALV-J early-isolated local strains. These results implied that the gp85 and U3 of ALV-J local chicken isolates have rapidly evolved and formed a unique local chicken branch. In addition, it was determined that the gene deletion in the 3′UTR region currently serves as a unique molecular characteristic of ALV-J in China. Hence, the obtained results built on the existing ALV-J molecular epidemiological data and further elucidated the genetic evolution trend of ALV-J in Chinese local chickens.

Correction: A rapid hemostatic sponge based on large, mesoporous silica nanoparticles and N-alkylated chitosan

Correction for 'A rapid hemostatic sponge based on large, mesoporous silica nanoparticles and N-alkylated chitosan' by Zihao Chen et al., Nanoscale, 2018, 10, 20234-20245, DOI: .

DBU-Glycerol Solution: A CO2 Absorbent with High Desorption Ratio and Low Regeneration Energy

1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]-undec-7-ene (DBU)-glycerol solution is employed as a promising CO₂ absorbent. The regeneration of the CO₂-loaded solution is of vital importance for its commercialization. It was investigated and compared with 30 wt % monoethanolamine (MEA). Variables affecting the absorption and desorption processes were studied, including the solvent composition, reaction temperature, and agitation. It shows that the absorption capacity for DBU-glycerol is comparable with 30 wt % MEA, and the desorption ratio for CO₂-loaded DBU-glycerol mixture can reach as high as 95% in 60 min, 363 K at the 3:1 molar ratio of DBU to glycerol, while it is only 68% even after 165 min for CO₂-saturated 30 wt % MEA. DBU-glycerol solution has higher cycling CO₂ loading than 30 wt % MEA. Its cyclic capacity could keep above 90% after 10 cycles of absorption-desorption experiments. The desorption reaction is irreversible at the initial stage, and the reaction rate is expected as a first-order reaction from 349 to 377 K, and the apparent activation energy is 68.94 kJ/mol. Moreover, the heat duty of the reboiler during regeneration is estimated to be reduced by about 27% when compared with 30 wt % MEA.

Prevention of Avian Retrovirus Infection in Chickens Using CRISPR-Cas9 Delivered by Marek's Disease Virus

Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) is an avian retrovirus that causes an oncogenic, immunosuppressive, and runting-stunting syndrome in avian hosts. The co-infection of REV and Marek’s disease virus (MDV), an oncogenic herpesvirus in chickens, further increases disease severity and reduces MDV vaccine efficacy. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 system has successfully been used against pathogens in mammalian cells. However, the large size of the CRISPR-Cas9 coding sequences makes its in vivo delivery challenging. Here, following the design of a panel of single-guided RNAs targeting REV, we demonstrate that CRISPR/Cas9 can efficiently mediate the editing of the long terminal repeats of REV, resulting in the inhibition of viral protein expression. The CRISPR-Cas9 system disrupts the integrated proviral genome and provides defense against new viral infection and replication in chicken cells. Moreover, by constructing recombinant MDV carrying CRISPR-Cas9 components using an attenuated MDV vaccine strain as the vector, we efficiently delivered the CRISPR-Cas9 system into chickens, and the MDV-delivered CRISPR-Cas9 drastically reduced REV viral load and significantly diminished REV-associated symptoms. To our knowledge, this is the first study establishing avian retrovirus resistance in chickens utilizing herpesvirus-delivered CRISPR-Cas9, which provides a novel and effective strategy against viral infections.

Three-Dimensional Wood-Inspired Bilayer Membrane Device Containing Microchannels for Highly Efficient Solar Steam Generation

A three-dimensional solar steam generation device with a high water evaporation rate and excellent structural stability was developed and characterized. The design consisted of a bilayer membrane composed of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and PAN/graphene oxide (GO) segments and contained vertically aligned porous structures similar to that of wood. This distinctive design was used to improve the water evaporation rate by increasing the light absorption and specific surface area. The prepared bilayer membrane exhibited excellent water wicking and flux, and it could continuously supply water from the bottom of the solar steam generation device to the top surface. The device's performance was evaluated by exposing the PAN/GO surface to artificial sunlight with a density of 1, 5, and 10 kW m^-2. The water evaporation rate and steam generation efficiency for the PAN and PAN/GO bilayer membrane were found to be 2.27 kg m^-2 h^-1 and 92.63% at a power density of 1 kW m^-2, respectively. Owing to its facile fabrication, hierarchical pore structure, excellent mechanical and water wicking, and high efficiency, the special bilayer composite device has great potential for solar steam generation and desalination applications in resource-limited settings.

Genomic characterizations of KIT and PDGFRA in Chinese pan-cancer patients

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Background: KIT and PDGFRA gene mutations have been identified as biomarkers for targeted therapy in gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Mutations and amplification of KIT and PDGFRA are also considered as potential targets in solid tumors in clinical trials. We assessed the characteristics of KIT and PDGFRA alterations in a variety of cancers and tried to provide genomic landscape of these genes. Methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumors and their matched blood samples were collected from 10,010 patients for 450 cancer genes targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel.The testing was carried out in a College of American Pathologists (CAP) accredited and Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) certified laboratory. Genomic alterations including single nucleotide variations, short and long insertions/deletions, copy number variations, and gene rearrangements were assessed. Results: Alterations of KIT and PDGFRA were detected 2.1% and 1.6% respectively in Chinese pan-cancer patients. KIT alterations was detected most frequently in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (68.8%), soft tissue sarcoma (10.8%), melanoma (10.3 %), thymic tumors (7.7%) and small cell lung cancer (5.1%), and PDGFRA alterations was detected in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (18.7%), melanoma (5.2 %), primary hepatic carcinoma (4.3%), bone sarcoma (4.2%) and soft tissue sarcoma (3.4%). Particularly, KIT and PDGFRA amplifications accounted for 0.68% and 0.58% respectively in pan-cancer patients and were highly co-existed. Conversely, KIT and PDGFRA mutations were mutually exclusive which indicated an independent role of driver genes. Furthermore, tumor with microsatellite instability high (MSI-H) status had a significantly higher rate of KIT or PDGFRA mutations compared to microsatellite stable (MSS) tumors (p < 0.001). Conclusions: KIT and PDGFRA alterations occurred in 2.1% and 1.6% respectively in Chinese pan-cancer patients and mutually exclusive with known driver genes. KIT and PDGFRA alterations may act as driving oncogenic factors across cancers and warrant drug development strategy.

Naturally occurring homologous recombination between novel variant infectious bursal disease virus and intermediate vaccine strain

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is the causative agent of infectious bursal disease (IBD), an important immunosuppressive disease seriously threatening poultry farming worldwide. Since the identification of the classic strain in 1957, variant IBDV, very virulent IBDV, and novel variant IBDV have successively emerged brought severe challenges. Over the years, attenuated, intermediate, and intermediate-plus live vaccines have been developed to control the disease. The coexistence of various strains in flocks increases the probability of homologous recombination, and in this study, a naturally occurring homologous recombination between a novel variant strain and an intermediate vaccine strain of IBDV was first identified. Sequence analyses demonstrated that the IBD16HeN01 strain was a recombinant IBDV incorporating the skeleton of the novel variant IBDV (SHG19-like strain), where the 3' region of segment A (nt 1539-3260) was replaced by an intermediate vaccine strain (W2512-like strain). Pathogenicity experiments indicated that IBD16HeN01 could cause severe bursal lesions and the recombination increased viral pathogenicity to chick embryos compared with the novel variant IBDV. Homologous recombination in IBDV has increased the complexity of disease prevention and control and reminds us that we should use live vaccines more scientifically and cautiously.

Genome-wide analysis of circular RNAs involved in Marek's disease tumourigenesis in chickens

Marek's disease (MD), induced by Marek's disease virus (MDV), is a lymphotropic neoplastic disease and causes huge economic losses to the poultry industry. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play important regulatory roles in disease pathogenesis. To investigate host circular RNA (circRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) expression profile, RNA sequencing was performed in tumourous spleens (TS), spleens from the survivors (SS) without any lesion after MDV infection, and non-infected chicken spleens (NS). A total of 2,169 circRNAs were identified and more than 80% of circRNAs were derived from exon. The flanking introns of 1,744 exonic circRNAs possessed 579 reverse complementary matches (RCMs), which mainly overlapped with chicken repeat 1 family (CR1F). It suggested that CR1F mediated the cyclization of exons by intron pairing. Out of 2,169 circRNAs, 113 were differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs). The Q-PCR and Rnase R digestion experiments showed circRNA possessed high stability compared with their linear RNAs. Integrated with previous transcriptome data, we profiled regulatory networks of circRNA/long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-miRNA-mRNA. Extensive competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were predicted to be involved in MD tumourigenesis. Interestingly, circZMYM3, an intronic circRNA, interacted with seven miRNAs which targeted some immune genes, such as SWAP70 and CCL4. Gga-miR-155 not only interacted with circGTDC1 and circMYO1B, but also targeted immune-related genes, such as GATA4, which indicated the roles of non-coding RNAs played to mediate immune responsive genes. Collectively, this is the first study that integrated RNA expression profiles in MD model. Our results provided comprehensive interactions of ncRNAs and mRNA in MD tumourigenesis.

Identification of chicken CAR homology as a cellular receptor for the emerging highly pathogenic fowl adenovirus 4 via unique binding mechanism

Since 2015, the prevalence of severe hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome, which is caused by the novel genotype fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4), has increased in China and led to considerable economic losses. The replication cycle of FAdV-4, especially the emerging highly pathogenic novel genotype FAdV-4, remains largely unknown. The adenovirus fibre interacts with the cellular receptor as the initial step in adenovirus (AdV) infection. In our previous studies, the complete genome sequence showed that the fibre patterns of FAdV-4 were distinct from all other AdVs. Here, protein-blockage and antibody-neutralization assays were performed to confirm that the novel FAdV-4 short fibre was critical for binding to susceptible leghorn male hepatocellular (LMH) cells. Subsequently, fibre 1 was used as bait to investigate the receptor on LMH cells via mass spectrometry. The chicken coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) protein was confirmed as the novel FAdV-4 receptor in competition assays. We further identified the D2 domain of CAR (D2-CAR) as the active domain responsible for binding to the short fibre of the novel FAdV-4. Taken together, these findings demonstrate for the first time that the chicken CAR homolog is a cellular receptor for the novel FAdV-4, which facilitates viral entry by interacting with the viral short fibre through the D2 domain. Collectively, these findings provide an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of the emerging novel genotype FAdV-4 invasion and pathogenesis.

Marek's disease virus as a CRISPR/Cas9 delivery system to defend against avian leukosis virus infection in chickens

The CRISPR/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system is a powerful gene-editing tool originally discovered as an integral mediator of bacterial adaptive immunity. Recently, this technology has been explored for its potential utility in providing new and unique treatments for viral infection. Marek's disease virus (MDV) and avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), major immunosuppressive viruses, cause significant economic losses to the chicken industry. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of using MDV as a CRISPR/Cas9-delivery system to directly target and disrupt the reverse-transcribed products of the ALV-J RNA genome during its infection cycle in vitro and in vivo. We first screened multiple potential guide RNA (gRNA) target sites in the ALV-J genome and identified several optimized targets capable of effectively disrupting the latently integrated viral genome and providing efficient defense against new infection by ALV-J in cells. The optimal single-gRNAs and Cas9-expression cassettes were inserted into the genome of an MDV vaccine strain. The results indicated that engineered MDV stably expressing ALV-J-targeting CRISPR/Cas9 efficiently resisted ALV-J challenge in host cells. These findings demonstrated the CRISPR/Cas9 system as an effective treatment strategy against ALV-J infection. Furthermore, the results highlighted the potential of MDV as an effective delivery system for CRISPR/Cas9 in chickens.

Naturally occurring cell-adapted classic strain of infectious bursal disease virus

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), the etiological agent of infectious bursal disease (IBD), is a variable RNA virus of Avibirnavirus. Some artificially attenuated vaccine strains of IBDV can adapt to cell culture of chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cell or its immortalized cell line DF1 in vitro while wild-type IBDV cannot. In this study, for the first time, a naturally occurring cell-adapted classic strain (genogroup 1) of IBDV named IBD17JL01 was identified in China. Animal experiments showed that IBD17JL01 could severely damage the central immune organ of infected chickens. Sequence analysis of the full-length genome revealed the peculiar molecular characteristics of IBD17JL01 with a few amino acid substitutions that might be involved in cell-tropism, antigenicity, and virulence of IBDV. Identification of this novel strain is beneficial to our understanding of the complexity of the epidemiology of IBDV. And the expansion of viral cell-tropism might increase the potential risk of the reassortment of different IBDVs including the live vaccines.

Self-Illuminating Photodynamic Therapy with Enhanced Therapeutic Effect by Optimization of the Chemiluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Step to the Photosensitizer

The major obstacles to the wider application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) are drawbacks of the current photosensitizers and the tissue penetration limit of the common outer light source. In the present study, the chemiluminescence (CL) from the luminol-H₂O₂-horseradish peroxidase reaction was explored as a potential inner light source for the intracellular activation of carbon dots (CDs)-based PDT system. To fully use the light and enhance the overall PDT yield, the nanocarrier of CDs, the light of CL, and the PDT agent chlorin e6 (Ce6) were carefully selected and designed to form an efficient and united system. Bright-yellow-emissive CDs (y-CDs) were synthesized through purposeful regulation of the absorption and emission spectra to enhance the overlapping areas in the chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) processes. Our results reflected CL-induced y-CDs-Ce6 system (10 μM) successfully generated reactive oxygen species (ROS, 35.93%), killed ∼90% SMMC-7721 cells in vitro, and significantly delayed tumor growth in vivo. On the basis of immunohistochemical observations of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1 or CD31) results, we concluded that the CL-induced y-CDs-Ce6 system had excellent performance in cancer therapy. The enhanced therapeutic effect was ascribed to two pathways: a direct CRET process and another process of CRET with subsequent y-CD-mediated FRET (CRET-to-FRET).

Development and evaluation of a gp85 protein-based subgroup-specific indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of anti-subgroup J avian leukosis virus antibodies

Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) is an important pathogen for various neoplasms and causes significant economic losses in the poultry industry. Serological detection of specific antibodies against ALV-J infection is important for successful clinical diagnosis. Here, a 293F stable cell line was established to stably express gp85 protein. In this cell line, gp85 protein was expressed at approximately 30 mg/L. A subgroup-specific indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) was developed using ALV-J gp85 protein as coated antigen to detect antibodies against ALV-J. The sensitivity of the iELISA (1:51200 diluted in serum) was 16 times more than that of indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA; 1:3200 diluted in serum). Moreover, there was no crossreactivity with antibodies against other common avian viruses and other avian leukosis virus subgroups, such as subgroups A and B. The practicality of the iELISA was further evaluated by experimental infection and clinical samples. The results from experimental infection indicated that anti-ALV-J antibodies were readily detected by iELISA as early as 4 weeks after ALV-J infection, and positive antibodies were detected until 20 weeks, with an antibody-positive rate of 11.1% to 33.3%. Moreover, analysis of clinical samples showed that 9.49% of samples were positive for anti-ALV-J antibodies, and the concordance rate of iELISA and IFA was 99.24%. Overall, these results suggested that the subgroup-specific iELISA developed in this study had good sensitivity, specificity, and feasibility. This iELISA will be very useful for epidemiological surveillance, diagnosis, and eradication of ALV-J in poultry farms.