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Griffiths C, O'Regan G, Mcilduff C. P167 Poster To assess the need for a nurse led heart failure/cardiac rehabilitation clinic for patients with confirmed left ventricular systolic function following an acute ST elevation myocardial infarction. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-51511160108-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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77
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Fenn J, Martineau A, Yee JW, Islam K, Griffiths C, Maffulli N, Morrissey D. An evaluation of the relationship between vitamin d status and quadriceps strength in patients with copd: a cross sectional study. Br J Sports Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2010.081554.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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78
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Akporobaro A, Patel D, Chinyanganya N, Butawan R, Hackshaw A, Seale C, Spiro S, Griffiths C. P212 Screening for lung cancer: a qualitative study of the acceptability of screening and participation in the lung-SEARCH trial. Thorax 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/thx.2010.151068.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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79
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Griffiths C, Prost A, Hart GJ. 072 Understanding social and cultural influences on the relationships and sexual experiences of young British Pakistanis in London: is there unmet sexual health need? JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY & COMMUNITY HEALTH 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2010.120956.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Pathirana D, Ormerod AD, Saiag P, Smith C, Spuls PI, Nast A, Barker J, Bos JD, Burmester GR, Chimenti S, Dubertret L, Eberlein B, Erdmann R, Ferguson J, Girolomoni G, Gisondi P, Giunta A, Griffiths C, Hönigsmann H, Hussain M, Jobling R, Karvonen SL, Kemeny L, Kopp I, Leonardi C, Maccarone M, Menter A, Mrowietz U, Naldi L, Nijsten T, Ortonne JP, Orzechowski HD, Rantanen T, Reich K, Reytan N, Richards H, Thio HB, van de Kerkhof P, Rzany B. European S3-Guidelines on the systemic treatment of psoriasis vulgaris. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2009; 23 Suppl 2:1-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03389.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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81
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Pathirana D, Ormerod AD, Saiag P, Smith C, Spuls PI, Nast A, Barker J, Bos JD, Burmester GR, Chimenti S, Dubertret L, Eberlein B, Erdmann R, Ferguson J, Girolomoni G, Gisondi P, Giunta A, Griffiths C, Hönigsmann H, Hussain M, Jobling R, Karvonen SL, Kemeny L, Kopp I, Leonardi C, Maccarone M, Menter A, Mrowietz U, Naldi L, Nijsten T, Ortonne JP, Orzechowski HD, Rantanen T, Reich K, Reytan N, Richards H, Thio HB, van de Kerkhof P, Rzany B. European S3-guidelines on the systemic treatment of psoriasis vulgaris. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2009. [PMID: 19712190 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Of the 131 studies on monotherapy or combination therapy assessed, 56 studies on the different forms of phototherapy fulfilled the criteria for inclusion in the guidelines. Approximately three-quarters of all patients treated with phototherapy attained at least a PASI 75 response after 4 to 6 weeks, and clearance was frequently achieved (levels of evidence 2 and 3). Phototherapy represents a safe and very effective treatment option for moderate to severe forms of psoriasis vulgaris. The onset of clinical effects occurs within 2 weeks. Of the unwanted side effects, UV erythema from overexposure is by far the most common and is observed frequently. With repeated or long-term use, the consequences of high, cumulative UV doses (such as premature aging of the skin) must be taken into consideration. In addition, carcinogenic risk is associated with oral PUVA and is probable for local PUVA and UVB. The practicability of the therapy is limited by spatial, financial, human, and time constraints on the part of the physician, as well as by the amount of time required by the patient. From the perspective of the cost-bearing institution, phototherapy has a good cost-benefit ratio. However, the potentially significant costs for, and time required of, the patient must be considered.
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Bobb C, Ritz T, Rowlands G, Griffiths C. Effects of allergen and trigger factor avoidance advice in primary care on asthma control: a randomized-controlled trial. Clin Exp Allergy 2009; 40:143-52. [PMID: 19793085 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03350.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergy contributes significantly to asthma exacerbation, yet avoidance of triggers, in particular allergens, is rarely addressed in detail in regular asthma review in primary care. OBJECTIVE To determine whether structured, individually tailored allergen and trigger avoidance advice, given as part of a primary care asthma review, improves lung function and asthma control. METHODS In a randomized-controlled trial 214 adults with asthma in six general practices were either offered usual care during a primary care asthma review or usual care with additional allergen and trigger identification (by skin prick testing and structured allergy assessment) and avoidance advice according to a standardized protocol by trained practice nurses. Main outcome measures were lung function, asthma control, asthma self-efficacy. RESULTS Both intervention groups were equivalent in demographic and asthma-related variables at baseline. At 3-6-month follow-up, patients receiving the allergen and trigger avoidance review showed significant improvements in lung function (assessed by blinded research nurses) compared with those receiving usual care. Significantly more patients in the intervention group than in the control group showed improvements in forced expiratory volume in 1 s > or =15%. No significant differences were found in self-report measures of asthma control. Asthma-specific self-efficacy improved in both groups but did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS Allergen and trigger identification and avoidance advice, given as part of a structured asthma review delivered in primary care by nurses results in clinically important improvements in lung function but not self-report of asthma control. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN45684820.
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Mylne AQN, Griffiths C, Rooney C, Doyle P. Trends in Parkinson’s disease related mortality in England and Wales, 1993-2006. Eur J Neurol 2009; 16:1010-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02715.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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84
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Sauder D, Miller R, Gratton D, Danby W, Griffiths C, Phillips S. The treatment of rosacea: the safety and efficacy of sodium sulfacetamide 10% and sulfur 5% lotion (Novacet) is demonstrated in a double-blind study. J DERMATOL TREAT 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/09546639709160276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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85
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Griffiths C, Gerressu M, French RS, team TOSSE. Are one-stop shops acceptable? Community perspectives on one-stop shop models of sexual health service provision in the UK. Sex Transm Infect 2008; 84:395-9. [DOI: 10.1136/sti.2008.030833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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86
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Navarro A, Sohrabi S, Colechin E, Griffiths C, Talbot D, Soomro N. Evaluation of the Ischemic Protection Efficacy of a Laparoscopic Renal Cooling Device Using Renal Transplantation Viability Assessment Criteria in a Porcine Model. J Urol 2008; 179:1184-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2007.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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87
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Morgan O, Griffiths C, Majeed A. Antidepressant prescribing and changes in antidepressant poisoning mortality and suicide in England, 1993-2004. J Public Health (Oxf) 2008; 30:60-8. [DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdm085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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88
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Alcock C, Griffiths C, Healy G, Hunt S, Woodhill R, Turner J. 8127 POSTER Opportunities for improving cancer training and education for nurses using the web based Cancer Specialist Library. EJC Suppl 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(07)71629-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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89
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Wild SH, Fischbacher C, Brock A, Griffiths C, Bhopal R. Mortality from all causes and circulatory disease by country of birth in England and Wales 2001-2003. J Public Health (Oxf) 2007; 29:191-8. [PMID: 17456532 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdm010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in mortality by country of birth in England and Wales in people under 70 years of age have been demonstrated previously. Changes in age distribution of migrants and in migration patterns have occurred subsequently. METHODS All-cause and circulatory disease mortality for people aged 20 years and over in England and Wales by country of birth were examined using population data from the 2001 Census and mortality data for 2001-2003. Indirect standardization was used to estimate sex-specific standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) in comparison to mortality for England and Wales as a whole. RESULTS SMRs for all-cause mortality were statistically significantly higher than the national average for people born in Ireland, Scotland, East Africa and West Africa and lower for people born in China and Hong Kong. SMRs for circulatory disease were highest among people born in Bangladesh and lowest among people born in China and Hong Kong. Patterns of ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease mortality differed by country of birth. CONCLUSIONS Mortality, particularly due to ischaemic heart disease and stroke, differs markedly by country of birth in all age groups including the > or =70-year-old group.
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Griffiths C, Miles K, Aldam D, Cornforth D, Minton J, Edwards S, Williams I. A nurse- and pharmacist-led treatment advice clinic for patients attending an HIV outpatient clinic. J Adv Nurs 2007; 58:320-6. [PMID: 17442036 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04248.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM This paper is a report of a study to map care pathways, examine the approach of different treatment advisors and explore the acceptability of a nurse- and pharmacist-led treatment advice clinic in order to aid decision-making for the future development and evaluation of the clinic. BACKGROUND High levels of adherence to antiretroviral drugs are a prerequisite for a successful and durable virological and immunological response to HIV. Treatment guidelines acknowledge that adherence is a process, not a single event, and that adherence support must be integrated into clinical follow-up for all patients receiving these drugs. METHOD Data were collected between September 2004 and January 2005 through 17 consultation observations and 10 patient interviews in a specialist treatment advice clinic located within a central London HIV outpatient clinic providing care for over 2200 patients, of whom more than 1300 are taking highly active antiretroviral therapy. FINDINGS The nurses and pharmacist had similar consultation approaches, although follow-up care varied in extent. Benefits of the clinic approach included permitting patients to observe real tablets, tailoring regimens to lifestyles and telephone follow-up. These factors, particularly telephone support, were perceived by patients to assist with adherence. CONCLUSION The role of telephone support, perceived to assist with initial adherence, requires further investigation. Future work is also needed to explore the health economics of this approach and to determine the actual impact of the clinic on clinical and adherence outcomes.
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91
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Morgan OW, Johnson H, Rooney C, Seagroatt V, Griffiths C. Changes to the daily pattern of methadone-related deaths in England and Wales, 1993–2003. J Public Health (Oxf) 2006; 28:318-23. [PMID: 17060353 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdl059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that fatal poisoning deaths involving methadone occur more frequently on the weekends. We assessed changes in the daily pattern of mortality because of methadone poisoning following a review of drug misuse services in 1996 and publication of revised clinical guidelines in 1999. We also compared this to the daily pattern of deaths involving heroin/morphine. The Office for National Statistics provided data on all deaths in England and Wales between 1993 and 2003 for which methadone and heroin/morphine were mentioned on the coroner's certificate of death registration after inquest, with or without alcohol or other drugs. There were 3098 deaths involving methadone. The death rate increased up to 1997 and then declined. Initially, there was a marked excess of deaths occurring on Saturdays. The rate of decline was greatest for deaths occurring on Saturdays. As a result, the Saturday peak disappeared (P = 0.006). There were 6328 deaths involving heroin/morphine. No change in the daily pattern of heroin/morphine deaths was observed during the study period. Although the marked change in the epidemiology of methadone deaths coincided with recommendations for service redevelopment and clinical management of methadone treatment, the contribution of improved prescribing practice or treatment services is unclear.
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Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CCA, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RIS, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Bryant SP, Buckley D, Burford DC, Burrill WDH, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Clegg SM, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dhami P, Dovey O, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Faulkner LM, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MRJ, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Gribble SM, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ESI, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Langford CF, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NSW, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, oore MJFM, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Pandian RD, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Porter KM, Prigmore E, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall J. M. Wallis M, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR. Erratum: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature 2006. [DOI: 10.1038/nature05152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Griffiths C, Miles K, Penny N, George B, Stephenson J, Power R, Twist P, Brough G, Edwards SG. A formative evaluation of the potential role of nurse practitioners in a central London HIV outpatient clinic. AIDS Care 2006; 18:22-6. [PMID: 16282072 DOI: 10.1080/09540120500101807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In-house audit demonstrated that 49% (173/352) of patients attending routine HIV outpatient care are asymptomatic and have needs that could potentially be met by other health care professionals. We therefore evaluated the potential development and acceptability of nurse practitioner roles in contributing to HIV outpatient care. Data were collected through 26 consultation observations, 25 patient interviews, 2 patient focus groups, 22 provider interviews and 8 provider focus groups. Service users were key members of the evaluation team. With increasing HIV incidence and the change in focus of doctor-patient consultations from acute to chronic disease management, there are concerns about the sustainability of easily available routine HIV outpatient appointments using the same model of care that has prevailed over the past 20 years. Nurse practitioner models of care were considered acceptable for asymptomatic patients, including those who do not have complex issues related to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Key considerations for the role include training, supervision, referral pathways, and a clear understanding of the limitations of nursing practice. There is an emphasis on the need to consider 'new ways of working' throughout the service, rather than merely substituting or transferring clinical roles between professionals. Funding pending, nurse practitioner roles are planned for implementation in late 2004. Evaluation will determine impact on service utilization, health and economic outcomes.
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Wild SH, Fischbacher CM, Brock A, Griffiths C, Bhopal R. Erratum: Mortality from all cancers and lung, colorectal, breast and prostate cancer by country of birth in England and Wales, 2001–2003. Br J Cancer 2006. [PMCID: PMC2360656 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
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Harding CK, Robson W, Drinnan MJ, Ramsden PD, Griffiths C, Pickard RS. Variation in invasive and noninvasive measurements of isovolumetric bladder pressure and categorization of obstruction according to bladder volume. J Urol 2006; 176:172-6. [PMID: 16753395 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(06)00497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We developed a noninvasive test that provides an estimate of isovolumetric bladder pressure by measuring the pressure required to interrupt voiding using controlled inflation of a penile cuff. We noted variation in serial measurements obtained during a single void and, therefore, we determined whether this represents variation in detrusor contraction strength, as predicted in previous studies, or measurement error. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 36 symptomatic men underwent simultaneous invasive and noninvasive pressure flow studies. Corresponding values of isovolumetric bladder pressure and cuff interruption pressure were recorded at each flow interruption and grouped according to bladder volume to calculate measurement error and bias at various points during a void. Individual variation in the 2 measurements across a range of normalized bladder volumes was then examined using ANOVA. RESULTS Cuff interruption pressure showed a consistent level of accuracy as an estimate of isovolumetric bladder pressure across a range of volumes. There were similar, statistically significant differences in isovolumetric bladder pressure and cuff interruption pressure recorded at specific volume increments with the highest values seen in the mid range and the lowest seen at lower bladder volumes (each p <0.01). When plotting, the maximum recorded value of cuff interruption pressure in each individual on our proposed noninvasive pressure flow nomogram provided the best diagnostic accuracy for obstruction. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that cuff interruption pressure varies in the expected manner with bladder volume and provides a consistent estimate of isovolumetric bladder pressure throughout a void. These data provide important guidance for interpreting noninvasive pressure flow studies and classifying obstruction on the proposed nomogram.
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96
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Brewin P, Jones A, Kelly M, McDonald M, Beasley E, Sturdy P, Bothamley G, Griffiths C. Is screening for tuberculosis acceptable to immigrants? A qualitative study. J Public Health (Oxf) 2006; 28:253-60. [PMID: 16820434 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdl031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening of immigrants has been a widespread response to the global resurgence of tuberculosis but has been criticized as discriminatory and stigmatising. Acceptability is an essential but neglected ethical prerequisite of screening programmes, particularly those targeting vulnerable groups such as refugees. No data exist concerning acceptability of tuberculosis screening. We therefore examined the responses of immigrants to screening for tuberculosis in a range of settings. METHODS We carried out a qualitative interview study of a maximum diversity sample of 53 immigrants offered screening for tuberculosis in east London. We recruited people screened in three settings: a social service centre for asylum seekers, a hospital clinic for new entrants and primary care. We confirmed validity of our findings at a focus group of asylum seekers. RESULTS The opportunity to be screened for tuberculosis was valued highly by recipients. Moreover, many saw being screened as a socially responsible activity. Of the minority raising concerns, few mentioned the possibility of discrimination. Acceptability was high irrespective of setting, with respondents expressing preference for their chosen place of screening. CONCLUSION Screening for tuberculosis was highly acceptable to recipients in these settings. Screening should be offered in a range of settings.
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97
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Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CCA, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RIS, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MRJ, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ESI, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NSW, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJF, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WDH, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E. The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature 2006; 441:315-21. [PMID: 16710414 DOI: 10.1038/nature04727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2005] [Accepted: 03/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The reference sequence for each human chromosome provides the framework for understanding genome function, variation and evolution. Here we report the finished sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Chromosome 1 is gene-dense, with 3,141 genes and 991 pseudogenes, and many coding sequences overlap. Rearrangements and mutations of chromosome 1 are prevalent in cancer and many other diseases. Patterns of sequence variation reveal signals of recent selection in specific genes that may contribute to human fitness, and also in regions where no function is evident. Fine-scale recombination occurs in hotspots of varying intensity along the sequence, and is enriched near genes. These and other studies of human biology and disease encoded within chromosome 1 are made possible with the highly accurate annotated sequence, as part of the completed set of chromosome sequences that comprise the reference human genome.
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Wild SH, Fischbacher CM, Brock A, Griffiths C, Bhopal R. Mortality from all cancers and lung, colorectal, breast and prostate cancer by country of birth in England and Wales, 2001-2003. Br J Cancer 2006; 94:1079-85. [PMID: 16523198 PMCID: PMC2361230 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2005] [Revised: 02/01/2006] [Accepted: 02/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mortality from all cancers combined and major cancers among men and women aged 20 years and over was compared by country of birth with that of the whole of England and Wales as the reference group. Population data from the 2001 Census and mortality data for 2001-2003 were used to estimate standardised mortality ratios. Data on approximately 399 000 cancer deaths were available, with at least 400 cancer deaths in each of the smaller populations. Statistically significant differences from the reference group included: higher mortality from all cancers combined, lung and colorectal cancer among people born in Scotland and Ireland, lower mortality for all cancers combined, lung, breast and prostate cancer among people born in Bangladesh (except for lung cancer in men), India, Pakistan or China/Hong Kong, lower lung cancer mortality among people born in West Africa or the West Indies, higher breast cancer mortality among women born in West Africa and higher prostate cancer mortality among men born in West Africa or the West Indies. These data may be relevant to causal hypotheses and in relation to health care and cancer prevention.
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MacKenzie FM, Griffiths C, Dempsey O, Devereux G, Gould IM. Combination antibiotic susceptibility testing in cystic fibrosis. Lancet 2005; 366:1693; author reply 1693-4. [PMID: 16291059 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67691-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Prescription of atypical antipsychotics has increased in recent years. There have also been changes in the guidance on using older drugs, particularly the restriction in the use of thioridazine. We analysed deaths due to poisoning involving antipsychotics in England and Wales, 1993-2002, by age, sex, intent, and agents involved. We also studied antipsychotic prescribing in the community and poisoning deaths in England. Deaths attributed to adverse reactions in the course of normal treatment were not studied because these deaths are not classified as 'poisonings'. The number of deaths involving antipsychotics increased from around 55 per year 1993-1998 to 74 in 2000, and then fell to 53 in 2002. Around 25% of deaths had a verdict of accidental death and in about 60% of deaths a verdict of suicide or an open verdict was recorded. There were no deaths involving thioridazine in 2002, following its removal from use in 2001. However, the number of deaths associated with atypicals, most notably olanzapine and clozapine, has increased. Age-specific death rates were highest in those aged 30-39 and 40-49 years, and were very low in those aged under 20 and 70 or over. Death rates in males were greater than in females. For many drugs the proportion mentions either alone or with ethanol, was 25-45%, but for clozapine and olanzapine such mentions totalled 65-69%. Deaths per million prescriptions (clozapine excluded) were highest for quetiapine (31.3 per million), chlorpromazine (29.4 per million) and thioridazine (15.5 per million).
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