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Song MJ, Lee SH, Choi MR, Son HJ, Lee CW, Yoon JH, Park YG, Hur SY, Ryu KS, Lee JM. Diagnostic value of CA125 as a predictor of recurrence in advanced ovarian cancer. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2013; 34:148-151. [PMID: 23781586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to establish the guidelines for detecting early recurrences of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer by use of the CA-125 level. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-five of the patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. The authors examined 25 incremental changes of CA125 from one to 25 IU/ml, and compared the CA-125 value with other prognostic factors. Increases in the CA-125 level from the nadir level were expressed as CA-125- increments. RESULTS Among the 25 increments, a CA-125-8 (eight IU/ml) was selected as the predictor that was the most efficient and time-effective. CA-125-8 had a sensitivity of 91.5%, a specificity of 84.6%, a positive predictive value of 93.1%, a negative predictive value of 81.5%, an efficiency of 89.4%. and a median lead-time of 68.5 days (p <0.0001). CONCLUSION The authors suggest the incremented CA-125-8 as a predictor of recurrent advanced ovarian cancer.
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Song CS, Lee YJ, Kim JH, Sung HW, Lee CW, Izumiya Y, Miyazawa T, Jang HK, Mikami T. Epidemiological classification of infectious bronchitis virus isolated in Korea between 1986 and 1997. Avian Pathol 2012; 27:409-16. [PMID: 18484021 DOI: 10.1080/03079459808419360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Forty Korean isolates and four reference strains of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were classified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Each Korean isolate was isolated from different types of commercial chicken flocks between 1986 and 1997. RFLP patterns of an amplified DNA fragment (1722 bp) containing the S1 gene of IBV digested by restriction enzyme HaeIII showed that the 40 Korean isolates were classified into five genotypes, I to V. Six of them belonged to genotype I which had the same HaeIII and XcmI cleavage patterns with Massachusetts type (H120 and M41) but the other four genotypes had a different HaeIII cleavage pattern from the four reference IBV strains used in this study. Genotype III seemed to be the major type as 29 of the 40 isolates belonged to this type which was consistently found in the chicken flocks since 1990. On the other hand, genotypes II, IV and V were found in the field only in 1986, 1995 and 1995, respectively. Five isolates selected from each of the five genotypes were inoculated into 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free chicks to evaluate their pathogenicity. Genotype III induced 50% mortality as well as severe renal urate deposition on the kidneys but the other four genotypes only showed respiratory distress at 1 to 2 days after inoculation. Live H120 vaccine protected chicks against challenge with isolates selected from genotype I, but not genotypes IV to V. A live KM91p120 strain selected from major genotype III did protect chicks against challenge with isolates from genotype III, in addition to other genotypes, including two recent isolates of genotypes IV and V.
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May P, Zhou E, Lee CW. Learning in fully recurrent neural networks by approaching tangent planes to constraint surfaces. Neural Netw 2012; 34:72-9. [PMID: 22842197 DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we present a new variant of the online real time recurrent learning algorithm proposed by Williams and Zipser (1989). Whilst the original algorithm utilises gradient information to guide the search towards the minimum training error, it is very slow in most applications and often gets stuck in local minima of the search space. It is also sensitive to the choice of learning rate and requires careful tuning. The new variant adjusts weights by moving to the tangent planes to constraint surfaces. It is simple to implement and requires no parameters to be set manually. Experimental results show that this new algorithm gives significantly faster convergence whilst avoiding problems like local minima.
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Laurie SA, Solomon BJ, Seymour L, Ellis PM, Goss GD, Shepherd FA, Boyer MJ, Arnold AM, Clingan P, Laberge F, Fenton D, Hirsh V, Zukin M, Stockler MR, Lee CW, Chen EX, Montenegro A, Ding K, Bradbury PA. A randomized double-blind trial of carboplatin plus paclitaxel (CP) with daily oral cediranib (CED), an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, or placebo (PLA) in patients (pts) with previously untreated advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): NCIC Clinical Trials Group study BR29. J Clin Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.7511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
7511 Background: In NCIC CTG study BR24, CED 30 mg/d + CP increased objective response rate (RR) and progression-free survival (PFS), but there were concerns regarding toxicity in some pts. BR29 tested a lower dose of CED 20 mg/d limiting accrual to pts without significant weight loss/hypoalbuminemia. Methods: Consenting, eligible adult pts with advanced incurable NSCLC of any histology were randomized to receive CED 20 mg/d or PLA with up to 6 cycles of C (AUC = 6) P (200 mg/m2); non-progressing pts continued CED/PLA after CP until progression, unacceptable toxicity or pt request. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). An interim analysis (IA) for PFS was planned after 170 events in the first 260 pts; the study would continue if the hazard ratio (HR) for PFS was < 0.7. Accrual continued until the required number of events was reached then held pending IA. Results: The trial was halted when the IA (n=260) revealed a HR for PFS of 0.89 (95% CI 0.66-1.20). A final analysis including all 306 randomized pts (median age 62, male 55%, PS 0 26%, PS 1 74%, adenocarcinoma 64%, squamous 13%, other histology 23%. RR was significantly higher with CED (52% vs 34 %, p = 0.001). For CED/PLA, respectively, median OS and PFS were 12.2/12.1 [HR: 0.95 (0.69-1.30, p=0.74)] and 5.5/5.5 months [HR: 0.91 (0.71-1.18, p=0.5)]. Grade >3 hypertension (15% vs 3%, p=0.0002), anorexia (7% vs 1%, p=0.02) and diarrhea (16% vs 1%, p<0.0001) were all significantly increased with CED; there were 2 deaths possibly-related to CED [1 each hemorrhage, leukoencephalopathy (prior radiation)]. Conclusions: Adding a lower dose of CED to CP increased RR and toxicity, but not PFS or OS.
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Tai EKK, Wu WKK, Wang XJ, Wong HPS, Yu L, Li ZJ, Lee CW, Wong CCM, Yu J, Sung JJY, Gallo RL, Cho CH. Intrarectal administration of mCRAMP-encoding plasmid reverses exacerbated colitis in Cnlp(-/-) mice. Gene Ther 2012; 20:187-93. [PMID: 22378344 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2012.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cathelicidin is a pleiotropic host defense peptide secreted by epithelial and immune cells. Whether endogenous cathelicidin is protective against ulcerative colitis, however, is unclear. Here we sought to delineate the role of endogenous murine cathelicidin (mCRAMP) and the therapeutic efficacy of intrarectal administration of mCRAMP-encoding plasmid in ulcerative colitis using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-challenged cathelicidin-knockout (Cnlp(-/-)) mice as a model. Cnlp(-/-) mice had more severe symptoms and mucosal disruption than the wild-type mice in response to DSS challenge. The tissue levels of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, myeloperoxidase activity and the number of apoptotic cells were increased in the colon of DSS-challenged Cnlp(-/-) mice. Moreover, mucus secretion and mucin gene expression were impaired in Cnlp(-/-) mice. All these abnormalities were reversed by the intrarectal administration of mCRAMP or mCRAMP-encoding plasmid. Taken together, endogenous cathelicidin may protect against ulcerative colitis through modulation of inflammation and mucus secretion.
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Wu WKK, Coffelt SB, Cho CH, Wang XJ, Lee CW, Chan FKL, Yu J, Sung JJY. The autophagic paradox in cancer therapy. Oncogene 2011; 31:939-53. [PMID: 21765470 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, hallmarked by the formation of double-membrane bound organelles known as autophagosomes, is a lysosome-dependent pathway for protein degradation. The role of autophagy in carcinogenesis is context dependent. As a tumor-suppressing mechanism in early-stage carcinogenesis, autophagy inhibits inflammation and promotes genomic stability. Moreover, disruption of autophagy-related genes accelerates tumorigenesis in animals. However, autophagy may also act as a pro-survival mechanism to protect cancer cells from various forms of cellular stress. In cancer therapy, adaptive autophagy in cancer cells sustains tumor growth and survival in face of the toxicity of cancer therapy. To this end, inhibition of autophagy may sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents and ionizing radiation. Nevertheless, in certain circumstances, autophagy mediates the therapeutic effects of some anticancer agents. Data from recent studies are beginning to unveil the apparently paradoxical nature of autophagy as a cell-fate decision machinery. Taken together, modulation of autophagy is a novel approach for enhancing the efficacy of existing cancer therapy, but its Janus-faced nature may complicate the clinical development of autophagy modulators as anticancer therapeutics.
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Lee CW, Yoon JH, Park DC, Lee SJ. Aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva treated by using a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist: a case report. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2011; 32:686-688. [PMID: 22335038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A rare case of a 38-year-old woman with progesterone receptor-positive aggressive angiomyxoma is presented. She underwent local excision and was treated with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist as adjuvant therapy, and is free of disease 20 months after.
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Song MJ, Lee CW, Seo KJ, Kim JA, Park JS, Hur SY. A case of bilateral ovarian synchronous tumors (left ovarian serous papillary adenocarcinoma and right ovarian malignant mixed Müllerian tumor). EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2011; 32:234-236. [PMID: 21614928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Synchronous bilateral ovarian cancer is extremely rare and there is no established guideline for management. A case of a 58-year-old multiparous woman with bilateral ovarian synchronous malignant tumors is presented. The clinical consideration and treatment of related cases are discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Papillary/diagnostic imaging
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Papillary/pathology
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Papillary/surgery
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/diagnostic imaging
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/pathology
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/surgery
- Fatal Outcome
- Female
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Mixed Tumor, Mullerian/diagnostic imaging
- Mixed Tumor, Mullerian/pathology
- Mixed Tumor, Mullerian/surgery
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/diagnostic imaging
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/surgery
- Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/surgery
- Radiography
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Lee CW, Song MJ, Lee SH, Kim JH, Lee SJ, Lee KH, Park JS, Hur SY. Clinicopathologic analysis of extramammary Paget's disease. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2011; 32:34-36. [PMID: 21446321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To retrospectively analyze the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with extramammary Paget's disease who were surgically treated in a single institution. METHOD The charts of 14 patients with extramammary Paget's disease were retrospectively reviewed, and the clinicopathologic data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS From January 1990 to July 2009, 14 patients were treated at our institution. Most patients (11/14 patients) had delayed diagnosis. Two patients (14.3%) had associated malignant neoplasms. Eight of 14 patients (57.1%) had positive surgical margins; of these patients, five patients had no evidence of recurrence. In the six patients with negative surgical margins, two patients (33.3%) developed recurrence. CONCLUSIONS The diagnosis of extramammary Paget's disease is commonly delayed. Because of the possible association with other malignancies before or after the diagnosis of extramammary Paget's disease, thorough examinations are recommended. Disease recurrence is common regardless of the surgical margin status, so long-term monitoring of patients is recommended.
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Song MJ, Lee CW, Park EK, Lee AW, Park JS, Hur SY. Parovarian tumors of borderline malignancy. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2011; 32:445-447. [PMID: 21941975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of a parovarian tumor is 10-20% of all uterine adnexal masses, however, it is benign in most cases, and a borderline or malignant tumor is extremely rare. The classification of disease stage and treatment is still controversial owing to its scarcity. We have managed one mucinous and two serous cystadenomas of borderline malignancy originating from paraovarian cysts in our institute over ten year. We report and discuss the cases herein.
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Lee CS, Song JW, Chae EJ, Lee CW, Do KH, Seo JB, Kim MY, Lee JS, Song KS. Radiological findings and clinical features of thoracic immunoglobulin G4-positive plasma cell granuloma: two cases. Br J Radiol 2010; 83:e150-3. [PMID: 20603401 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/77516426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma cell granulomas, inflammatory pseudotumours and myofibroblastomas are synonymous with characteristic plasma cell infiltration in various body organs including the pancreas, liver, retroperitoneum and mediastinal structures causing idiopathic fibrosclerosis. Recently, a new concept has arisen regarding the relationship between immunoglobulin (Ig)G4-positive cell infiltration and idiopathic systemic fibrosclerosis. We report two cases showing IgG4-positive cell infiltration in the lung presenting as lung nodules with or without extrapulmonary manifestations.
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Wu WKK, Lee CW, Cho CH, Fan D, Wu K, Yu J, Sung JJY. MicroRNA dysregulation in gastric cancer: a new player enters the game. Oncogene 2010; 29:5761-71. [PMID: 20802530 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric carcinogenesis is a multistep process involving genetic and epigenetic alteration of protein-coding proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. Recent discoveries have shed new light on the involvement of a class of noncoding RNA known as microRNA (miRNA) in gastric cancer. A substantial number of miRNAs show differential expression in gastric cancer tissues. Genes coding for these miRNAs have been characterized as novel proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes based on findings that these miRNAs control malignant phenotypes of gastric cancer cells. In this connection, miRNA dysregulation promotes cell-cycle progression, confers resistance to apoptosis, and enhances invasiveness and metastasis. Moreover, certain polymorphisms in miRNA genes are associated with increased risks for atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer, whereas circulating levels of miRNAs may serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis. Several miRNAs have also been shown to correlate with gastric cancer progression, and thus may be used as prognostic markers. Elucidating the biological aspects of miRNA dysregulation may help us better understand the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and promote the development of miRNA-directed therapeutics against this deadly disease.
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Cockram DM, Drummond PD, Lee CW. Role and treatment of early maladaptive schemas in Vietnam Veterans with PTSD. Clin Psychol Psychother 2010; 17:165-82. [PMID: 20486158 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The role of early maladaptive schemas in understanding and treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was investigated. The first study examined the role of perceived adverse parenting and early maladaptive schemas in the development of PTSD in Australian and New Zealand Vietnam war veterans (n = 220). Veterans diagnosed with PTSD scored higher on the Young Schema Questionnaire (L3) and had higher scores on the Measure of Parental Style than veterans not diagnosed with PTSD. The results suggest that early maladaptive schemas have an important role in the development or maintenance of PTSD in Vietnam veterans. The second study measured at baseline, termination and 3 months the early maladaptive schemas, PTSD, anxiety and depression of war veterans (n = 54) participating in a PTSD group treatment programme that included schema-focused therapy. Scores on the PTSD Checklist, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and 17 schemas decreased significantly after treatment. Change scores for the schema treatment were compared with change scores of war veterans (n = 127) who had completed a manualized cognitive-behavioural therapy programme without schema-focused therapy. Pre-treatment measures were similar in both groups. Nevertheless, PTSD and anxiety improved more significantly for the schema-focused therapy group. Together, these findings support the feasibility of schema-focused therapy to assist veterans with PTSD.
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Pillai SPS, Saif YM, Lee CW. Detection of influenza A viruses in eggs laid by infected turkeys. Avian Dis 2010; 54:830-3. [PMID: 20608526 DOI: 10.1637/9102-101209-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Studies are limited on evaluating the potential of influenza viruses for egg-borne dissemination. In our previous studies, experimental infection of breeder turkeys with A/turkey/Ohio/313053/04 resulted in drastic declines in egg production, and we confirmed high levels of virus replication and an abundant distribution of avian-specific alpha2,3 sialic acid-gal receptors in the oviduct of these turkeys. In the present study, following experimental inoculation of A/turkey/Ohio/313053/04 in breeder turkeys, we detected these viruses in the albumin of eggs using real-time RT-PCR (RRT-PCR) and virus isolation in embryonated chicken eggs. Swabs from egg shells were also found positive by RRT-PCR. This is the first report of the detection of low pathogenic influenza viruses from internal egg contents following experimental infection. The possibility of hatchery contamination by egg-borne influenza viruses, and the spread of virus during movement of contaminated cracked eggs and egg flats, pose concerns regarding viral dissemination of influenza.
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Pillai SPS, Pantin-Jackwood M, Yassine HM, Saif YM, Lee CW. The high susceptibility of turkeys to influenza viruses of different origins implies their importance as potential intermediate hosts. Avian Dis 2010; 54:522-6. [PMID: 20521688 DOI: 10.1637/8770-033109-review.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Several previous reports and our studies show that waterfowl-origin influenza viruses can be more easily transmitted to domestic turkeys than chickens. Similarly, studies indicate turkeys to be better hosts for low pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from commercial poultry operations and live bird markets in comparison to chickens. Low 50% infectious-dose titers of wild bird as well as poultry-adapted viruses for turkeys further suggest that turkeys can be easily infected following a low-dose exposure. Also, interspecies transmission of swine influenza viruses to turkeys occurs frequently. These findings suggest the role of turkeys as suitable intermediate hosts that can be easily infected with influenza viruses of different origins and that turkeys can act as source of infection for other land-based poultry or even mammals.
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Kim C, Lee CW, Kovacic L, Shah A, Klasa R, Savage KJ. Long-term survival in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with DTIC or temozolomide. Oncologist 2010; 15:765-71. [PMID: 20538743 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2009-0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with metastatic melanoma typically have a poor outcome; however, a small proportion of patients achieve long-term survival (LTS). It is unclear how often LTS is related to sensitivity to chemotherapy. METHODS All patients with metastatic melanoma treated with either dacarbazine (DTIC) or temozolomide (TMZ) at the British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA) from January 1, 1988 to February 1, 2006 were identified through the BCCA pharmacy electronic database, which was then linked to the surveillance and outcomes unit to identify patients with LTS, defined as survival > or =18 months following chemotherapy. RESULTS In total, 397 patients were treated with either DTIC (n = 349) or TMZ (n = 48) and 43 patients (10.8%) were identified with LTS. Two additional patients with LTS were added prior to 1988 for a total of 45 patients. The 5-year overall and progression-free survival rates for patients with LTS were 33% and 16%, respectively. In total, 16% had a complete response (CR) to chemotherapy, which was the only factor identified that correlated with survival in the multivariate analysis. However, most patients with LTS had an incomplete response to chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS LTS occurs in select patients who achieve a CR to chemotherapy. However, this occurs in only a minority of patients and, in most cases, the longer survival is likely the result of indolent disease biology or host factors.
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Chan SW, Lee CW, Tsui KC. Atmospheric radon in Hong Kong. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2010; 101:494-503. [PMID: 20359794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2010.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
For the first time in Hong Kong, atmospheric radon concentration was continuously monitored between November 2007 and October 2008. This paper presents the results obtained during the 12-month period. The annual mean atmospheric radon concentration in Hong Kong was found to be 9.3 Bqm(-3) which was close to the level at neighbouring places like Guangdong and Taiwan. An estimation of the dose arising from atmospheric radon to the Hong Kong population was made. The meteorological effects on the variation of atmospheric radon concentration were discussed. It was found that the origin of the airmass and stability of the local atmosphere played vital roles in the seasonal and diurnal variations respectively, whereas precipitation caused abrupt changes in rainy days. An attempt was also made to find out the contribution of atmospheric radon to the ambient gamma dose rate.
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Lee K, Park SK, Kwon BM, Kim K, Yu HE, Ryu J, Oh SJ, Lee KS, Kang JS, Lee CW, Kwon MG, Kim HM. Transport and metabolism of the antitumour drug candidate 2'-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde in Caco-2 cells. Xenobiotica 2010; 39:881-8. [PMID: 19925380 DOI: 10.3109/00498250903216000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The transport and metabolism of the antitumour drug candidate 2'-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde (BCA) was characterized in Caco-2 cells. BCA disappeared rapidly from the donor side without being transported to the receiver side during its absorptive transport across Caco-2 cells. Its metabolites 2'-hydroxycinnamaldehyde (HCA) and o-coumaric acid (OCA) were formed in both the donor and the receiver sides. HCA, in a separate study, also disappeared rapidly from the donor side, mostly being converted to its oxidative metabolite OCA during its absorptive transport across Caco-2 cells. OCA was transported rapidly in the absorptive direction across Caco-2 cells with a P(app) of 25.4 +/- 1.0 x 10(-6) cm s(-1) (mean +/- standard deviation (SD), n = 3). OCA was fully recovered from both the donor and the receiver side throughout the time-course of this study. Formation of HCA from BCA was inhibited almost completely by bis(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate (BNPP), a selective inhibitor of carboxylesterases (CES), and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), a broad specificity inhibitor of esterases in Caco-2 cells, suggesting that this hydrolytic biotransformation was likely mediated predominantly by CES. Conversion of HCA to OCA was inhibited significantly by isovanillin, a selective inhibitor of aldehyde oxidase (AO). Inhibitors for xanthine oxidase (XO) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), which are known to be involved in the oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids, did not have a significant effect on the biotransformation of HCA to OCA in Caco-2 cells. In summary, the present work demonstrates that BCA is hydrolysed rapidly to HCA, followed by subsequent oxidation to OCA, in Caco-2 cells. The results provide a mechanistic understanding of the poor absorption and low bioavailability of BCA after oral administration.
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Takaro TK, Davis D, Van Rensburg SJ, Arroyo Aguilar RS, Algranti E, Bailar JC, Belpoggi F, Berlin M, Bhattacharya S, Bonnier Viger YV, Brophy J, Bustinza R, Cameron RB, Dement JM, Egilman D, Castleman B, Chaturvedi S, Cherniack M, Choudhury H, Demers PA, Digangi J, Digon A, Edwards JG, Englund A, Erikson B, Corréa Filho HR, Franco G, Frank AL, Freund A, Gee D, Giordano A, Gochfeld M, Gilberg M, Goldsmith DF, Goldstein BD, Grandjean P, Greenberg M, Gut I, Harari R, Hindry M, Hogstedt C, Huff J, Infante PF, Järvholm B, Kern DG, Keifer M, Khatter K, Kjuus H, Keith M, Koo LC, Kumar A, LaDou J, Landrigan PJ, Lemen RA, Last JM, Lee CW, Leigh J, Levin SM, Lippman A, Madrid GA, McCulloch J, McDiarmid MA, Merchant JA, Monforton C, Morse T, Muir DCF, Mukerjee D, Mulloy KB, Myers J, Nuwayhid I, Orris P, Ozonoff D, Paek D, Patra M, Pelclová D, Pepper L, Poje GV, Rahman Q, Reyes B, Robinson BWS, Rodríguez E, Rose C, Rosenman KD, Rosenstock L, Ruchirawat M, Rydzyński K, Schneider J, Silverstein B, Siqueira CE, Slatin C, Soffritti M, Soskoline C, Sparer J, Stayner LT, Takaro TK, Tarkowski S, Teitelbaum DT, Tompa A, Trosic I, Turcotte F, Vilela RAG, Waterman YRK, Watterson A, Wegman DH, Welch LS, Woitowitz HJ, Yanri Z, Zavariz C. Scientists appeal to Quebec Premier Charest to stop exporting asbestos to the developing world. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2010; 16:241-248. [PMID: 20465068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Lee S, Park HK, Son SP, Lee CW, Kim IJ, Kim HJ. Effects of oral magnesium supplementation on insulin sensitivity and blood pressure in normo-magnesemic nondiabetic overweight Korean adults. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2009; 19:781-788. [PMID: 19359148 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Revised: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Little is known about the effect of magnesium on insulin sensitivity and BP in healthy individuals. Therefore, we investigated whether magnesium could improve insulin sensitivity and blood pressure (BP) in normo-magnesemic nondiabetic overweight adults. METHODS AND RESULTS In a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized trial, a total of 155 participants (BMI > or = 23 kg/m(2)) received either 12.3 mmol (300 mg) of elemental magnesium in the form of magnesium oxide (n=75) or placebo (n=80) each day for 12 weeks, constituting the intent-to-treat population. A repeated-measures ANOVA was used to evaluate the between-group changes in variables during the study. The baseline characteristics between the intervention and control groups were similar. There were no significant differences between the groups in the pattern of change of the homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index, BP over time during the 12-week study. In subgroup analysis, magnesium supplementation (n=8, 27, and 24, respectively) lowered BP much more than placebo (n=16, 29, and 25, respectively) in those subjects whose systolic BP > or = 140 mmHg, diastolic BP 80-90 mmHg, and diastolic BP > or = 90 mmHg at the start of the study (P=0.016, 0.043, and 0.023, respectively); in comparison, those subjects whose initial BP reading was low at baseline did not show a change in BP. No significant adverse events related to magnesium supplementation were recorded. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that magnesium supplementation does not reduce BP and enhance insulin sensitivity in normo-magnesemic nondiabetic overweight people. However, it appears that magnesium supplementation may lower BP in healthy adults with higher BP.
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Goss GD, Arnold A, Shepherd FA, Dediu M, Ciuleanu TE, Fenton D, Zukin M, Walde D, Laberge F, Vincent MD, Ellis PM, Laurie SA, Ding K, Frymire E, Gauthier I, Leighl NB, Ho C, Noble J, Lee CW, Seymour L. Randomized, double-blind trial of carboplatin and paclitaxel with either daily oral cediranib or placebo in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: NCIC clinical trials group BR24 study. J Clin Oncol 2009; 28:49-55. [PMID: 19917841 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.22.9427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This phase II/III double-blind study assessed efficacy and safety of cediranib with standard chemotherapy as initial therapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Paclitaxel (200 mg/m(2)) and carboplatin (area under the serum concentration-time curve 6) were given every 3 weeks, with daily oral cediranib or placebo at 30 mg (first 45 patients received 45 mg). Progression-free survival (PFS) was the primary outcome of the phase II interim analysis; phase III would proceed if the hazard ratio (HR) for PFS < or = 0.77 and toxicity were acceptable. Results A total of 296 patients were enrolled, 251 to the 30-mg cohort. The phase II interim analysis demonstrated a significantly higher response rate (RR) for cediranib than for placebo, HR of 0.77 for PFS, no excess hemoptysis, and a similar number of deaths in each arm. The study was halted to review imbalances in assigned causes of death. In the primary phase II analysis (30-mg cohort), the adjusted HR for PFS was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.56 to 1.08) with a higher RR for cediranib than for placebo (38% v 16%; P < .0001). Cediranib patients had more hypertension, hypothyroidism, hand-foot syndrome, and GI toxicity. Hypoalbuminemia, age > or = 65 years, and female sex predicted increased toxicity. Survival update (N = 296) 10 months after study unblinding favored cediranib over placebo (median of 10.5 months v 10.1 months; HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.57 to 1.06; P = .11). Causes of death in the cediranib 30-mg cohort were NSCLC (81%), protocol toxicity +/- NSCLC (13%), and other (6%); for the placebo group, they were 98%, 0%, and 2%, respectively. CONCLUSION The addition of cediranib to carboplatin/paclitaxel results in improved response and PFS, but does not appear tolerable at a 30-mg dose. Consequently, the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group and the Australasian Lung Cancer Trials Group initiated a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of cediranib 20 mg with carboplatin and paclitaxel in advanced NSCLC.
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Pavlakis N, Marx G, White S, Lee CW, Khasraw M. Anti-angiogenic therapy for lung cancer. Hippokratia 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Schubert S, Lee CW. Adult PTSD and Its Treatment With EMDR: A Review of Controversies, Evidence, and Theoretical Knowledge. JOURNAL OF EMDR PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2009. [DOI: 10.1891/1933-3196.3.3.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of selective issues relating to adult posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its treatment with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). The article begins by providing a historical overview of PTSD, and debates about the etiology and definition of PTSD are discussed. The most predominant theories of PTSD are summarized by highlighting how they have evolved from traditional behavioral accounts based on the assumption that PTSD is an anxiety disorder to theories that now incorporate information-processing models. This article then examines the development of EMDR and the corresponding body of research that clearly demonstrates its efficacy for the treatment for adult PTSD. The underlying mechanisms of EMDR are discussed, with a focus on the importance of the eye movement component and how the therapeutic processes in EMDR differ from those of traditional exposure therapy. Finally, the adaptive information-processing (AIP) model that underlies EMDR is outlined, and evidence for the model is summarized. The article concludes by suggesting future research based on questions raised about PTSD and its treatment with EMDR when the AIP model is compared to other information-based theories of PTSD.
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Lee CW, Kim HJ, Shin MJ. Evaluation of haemodynamic flow to the hip in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Scand J Rheumatol 2009; 36:36-9. [PMID: 17454933 DOI: 10.1080/03009740600906826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE One of the groups with high risk for osteonecrosis is patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). No predictive test, however, is known to detect osteonecrosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate haemodynamic flow to the proximal femur in SLE patients. METHODS Twenty-two SLE patients without osteonecrosis were evaluated in comparison with 15 healthy controls. Medial and lateral circumflex arteries of 44 hips in the 22 SLE patients and 30 hips in the healthy controls were examined using ultrasound equipment with colour and power Doppler capability. Arterial pulsatility index (PI) and peak systolic velocity (PSV) were determined with neutral and internal rotation positions (stimulated ischaemia). RESULTS PSV was significantly increased in SLE patients compared to healthy controls in both the neutral position (70.6+/-40.4 vs. 46.9+/-19.3; p<0.001) and after internal rotation of the femoral head (74.8+/-42.3 vs. 49.9+/-19.9; p<0.001). PI was also higher in SLE patients than in healthy controls in both the neutral position (8.9+/-6.3 vs. 5.5+/-3.4; p<0.001) and after internal rotation (8.1+/-7.1 vs. 3.9+/-2.4; p<0.001). CONCLUSION PSV and PI of arteries to the femur head in SLE patients were significantly higher than in healthy controls.
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Lee JH, Lee CW, Park SW, Hong MK, Kim JJ, Rhee KS, Park SJ. Long-term follow-up after deferring angioplasty in asymptomatic patients with moderate noncritical in-stent restenosis. Clin Cardiol 2009; 24:551-5. [PMID: 11501607 PMCID: PMC6654981 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960240806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients with in-stent restenosis (ISR) are angina-free, but the optimal treatment for these patients remains uncertain. HYPOTHESIS In cases with asymptomatic moderate noncritical ISR. deferral of the intervention may be safe and associated with favorable clinical outcome. METHODS We evaluated the long-term clinical outcome of asymptomatic patients (Group 1, n = 98) with moderate noncritical ISR (< 70% diameter stenosis) after intervention was deferred, and compared it with that of patients (Group 2, n = 655) without restenosis. After repeat angioplasty was deferred, all patients were treated medically and later underwent angioplasty only in the case of clinical recurrence. RESULTS Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. Clinical follow-up was available in all patients at 26.3+/-15.9 months. Twenty patients died during the follow-up: 1 in Group 1 and 19 in Group 2. Target lesion revascularization was performed in 3 patients in Group 1 and 11 patients in Group 2 during follow-up (p = NS), and new lesion revascularization in 2 patients in Group 1 and 27 patients in Group 2 (p = NS). Event-free survival rate (cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization) was 86.7+/-6.1% in Group 1 and 84.8+/-2.2% in Group 2 at the end of follow-up (p = NS). Major adverse cardiac events were only associated with the presence of diabetic mellitus (hazards ratio 2.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.48-4.73, p<0.01). The percentage of patients receiving antianginal medication was similar between the two groups at the end of the study (p = NS). CONCLUSIONS Asymptomatic patients with moderate noncritical ISR have a good prognosis and similar clinical outcome as those without ISR, suggesting that it may be safe to defer repeat angioplasty in these patients until angina recurrence.
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