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Taparra K, Deville C. Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Representation Among US Allopathic Medical Schools, Residency Programs, and Faculty Physicians. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2125051. [PMID: 34542620 PMCID: PMC8453316 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.25051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Jeans EB, Brower JV, Burmeister J, Deville C, Fields E, Kavanagh BD, Suh JH, Tekian A, Vapiwala N, Zeman EM, Golden DW. Radiation Oncology Deliberative Curriculum Inquiry: Feasibility of a National Delphi Process. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.05.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lin H, Shi C, Huang S, Shen J, Kang M, Chen Q, Zhai H, McDonough J, Tochner Z, Deville C, Simone CB, Both S. Applications of various range shifters for proton pencil beam scanning radiotherapy. Radiat Oncol 2021; 16:146. [PMID: 34362396 PMCID: PMC8344212 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-021-01873-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A range pull-back device, such as a machine-related range shifter (MRS) or a universal patient-related range shifter (UPRS), is needed in pencil beam scanning technique to treat shallow tumors. Methods Three UPRS made by QFix (Avondale, PA, USA) allow treating targets across the body: U-shaped bolus (UB), anterior lateral bolus (ALB), and couch top bolus. Head-and-neck (HN) patients who used the UPRS were tested. The in-air spot sizes were measured and compared in this study at air gaps: 6 cm, 16 cm, and 26 cm. Measurements were performed in a solid water phantom using a single-field optimization pencil beam scanning field with the ALB placed at 0, 10, and 20 cm air gaps. The two-dimensional dose maps at the middle of the spread-out Bragg peak were measured using ion chamber array MatriXX PT (IBA-Dosimetry, Schwarzenbruck, Germany) located at isocenter and compared with the treatment planning system. Results A UPRS can be consistently placed close to the patient and maintains a relatively small spot size resulting in improved dose distributions. However, when a UPRS is non-removable (e.g. thick couch top), the quality of volumetric imaging is degraded due to their high Z material construction, hindering the value of Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT). Limitations of using UPRS with small air gaps include reduced couch weight limit, potential collision with patient or immobilization devices, and challenges using non-coplanar fields with certain UPRS. Our experience showed the combination of a U-shaped bolus exclusively for an HN target and an MRS as the complimentary device for head-and-neck targets as well as for all other treatment sites may be ideal to preserve the dosimetric advantages of pencil beam scanning proton treatments across the body. Conclusion We have described how to implement UPRS and MRS for various clinical indications using the PBS technique, and comprehensively reviewed the advantage and disadvantages of UPRS and MRS. We recommend the removable UB only to be employed for the brain and HN treatments while an automated MRS is used for all proton beams that require RS but not convenient or feasible to use UB.
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Kishan AU, Karnes RJ, Romero T, Wong JK, Motterle G, Tosoian JJ, Trock BJ, Klein EA, Stish BJ, Dess RT, Spratt DE, Pilar A, Reddy C, Levin-Epstein R, Wedde TB, Lilleby WA, Fiano R, Merrick GS, Stock RG, Demanes DJ, Moran BJ, Braccioforte M, Huland H, Tran PT, Martin S, Martínez-Monge R, Krauss DJ, Abu-Isa EI, Alam R, Schwen Z, Chang AJ, Pisansky TM, Choo R, Song DY, Greco S, Deville C, McNutt T, DeWeese TL, Ross AE, Ciezki JP, Boutros PC, Nickols NG, Bhat P, Shabsovich D, Juarez JE, Chong N, Kupelian PA, D’Amico AV, Rettig MB, Berlin A, Tward JD, Davis BJ, Reiter RE, Steinberg ML, Elashoff D, Horwitz EM, Tendulkar RD, Tilki D. Comparison of Multimodal Therapies and Outcomes Among Patients With High-Risk Prostate Cancer With Adverse Clinicopathologic Features. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2115312. [PMID: 34196715 PMCID: PMC8251338 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.15312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The optimal management strategy for high-risk prostate cancer and additional adverse clinicopathologic features remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To compare clinical outcomes among patients with high-risk prostate cancer after definitive treatment. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective cohort study included patients with high-risk prostate cancer (as defined by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network [NCCN]) and at least 1 adverse clinicopathologic feature (defined as any primary Gleason pattern 5 on biopsy, clinical T3b-4 disease, ≥50% cores with biopsy results positive for prostate cancer, or NCCN ≥2 high-risk features) treated between 2000 and 2014 at 16 tertiary centers. Data were analyzed in November 2020. EXPOSURES Radical prostatectomy (RP), external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), or EBRT plus brachytherapy boost (BT) with ADT. Guideline-concordant multimodal treatment was defined as RP with appropriate use of multimodal therapy (optimal RP), EBRT with at least 2 years of ADT (optimal EBRT), or EBRT with BT with at least 1 year ADT (optimal EBRT with BT). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was prostate cancer-specific mortality; distant metastasis was a secondary outcome. Differences were evaluated using inverse probability of treatment weight-adjusted Fine-Gray competing risk regression models. RESULTS A total of 6004 men (median [interquartile range] age, 66.4 [60.9-71.8] years) with high-risk prostate cancer were analyzed, including 3175 patients (52.9%) who underwent RP, 1830 patients (30.5%) who underwent EBRT alone, and 999 patients (16.6%) who underwent EBRT with BT. Compared with RP, treatment with EBRT with BT (subdistribution hazard ratio [sHR] 0.78, [95% CI, 0.63-0.97]; P = .03) or with EBRT alone (sHR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.53-0.92]; P = .01) was associated with significantly improved prostate cancer-specific mortality; there was no difference in prostate cancer-specific mortality between EBRT with BT and EBRT alone (sHR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.67-1.18]; P = .43). No significant differences in prostate cancer-specific mortality were found across treatment cohorts among 2940 patients who received guideline-concordant multimodality treatment (eg, optimal EBRT alone vs optimal RP: sHR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.52-1.09]; P = .14). However, treatment with EBRT alone or EBRT with BT was consistently associated with lower rates of distant metastasis compared with treatment with RP (eg, EBRT vs RP: sHR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.44-0.58]; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that among patients with high-risk prostate cancer and additional unfavorable clinicopathologic features receiving guideline-concordant multimodal therapy, prostate cancer-specific mortality outcomes were equivalent among those treated with RP, EBRT, and EBRT with BT, although distant metastasis outcomes were more favorable among patients treated with EBRT and EBRT with BT. Optimal multimodality treatment is critical for improving outcomes in patients with high-risk prostate cancer.
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Diaz DA, Suneja G, Jagsi R, Barry P, Thomas CR, Deville C, Winkfield K, Siker M, Bott-Kothari T. Mitigating Implicit Bias in Radiation Oncology. Adv Radiat Oncol 2021; 6:100738. [PMID: 34381930 PMCID: PMC8339323 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2021.100738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Implicit bias is one of the most insidious and least recognizable mechanisms that can cause inequity and disparities. There is increasing evidence that both implicit and explicit biases have a negative effect on patient outcomes and patient-physician relationships. Given the impact of Implicit bias, a joint session between ASTROs Committee on Health Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion and the National Cancer Institute (the ASTRO-National Cancer Institute Diversity Symposium) was held during the American Society of Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) 2020 Annual Meeting, to address the effect of implicit bias in radiation oncology through real life and synthesized hypothetical scenario discussions. Given the value of this session to the radiation oncology community, the scenarios and discussion are summarized in this manuscript. Our goal is to heighten awareness of the multiple settings in which implicit bias can occur as well as discuss resources to address bias.
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Yamoah K, Dhillon J, Johnstone PA, Pow-Sang JM, Davicioni E, Fink A, DeRenzis AC, Grass GD, Li R, Manley BJ, Gage KL, Katsoulakis E, Burri RJ, Leone A, Ercole CE, Palmer JD, Vapiwala N, Deville C, Rebbeck T, Dicker AP. A prospective validation of the genomic classifier to define high-metastasis risk in a subset of African American men with early localized prostate cancer: VanDAAM study. J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.5005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5005 Background: Risk stratification of prostate cancer (PC) using routine clinical variables remains suboptimal as they do not account for underlying tumor biology. The genomic classifier provides information on underlying biology and independently predicts an individual patient’s risk of metastasis. Although the performance of the genomic classifier has been tested across different cohorts primarily comprised of White men, its validation as an optimal genomic risk classifier for African American men (AAM) is thus far lacking in a prospective trial. We report the initial results on the prospective validation of the genomic classifier in a matched cohort of AAM and non-AAM (NAAM). Methods: This was a multisite, prospective validation trial of the genomic classifier i.e. Decipher score in AAM. Participants were recruited on a 1:1 enrollment ratio of AAM to NAAM diagnosed with low-intermediate risk PC. Patient on active surveillance were ineligible. NAAM were matched to AAM on PSA, age, biopsy Gleason score, clinical stage, and percent positive biopsy cores. Diagnostic biopsy specimens were processed at a CLIA certified laboratory and Decipher score was assessed using whole transcriptome profiling platform. Total target accrual was 250 men treated for low-intermediate PC over three years. Statistical analyses include categorical comparison of race dependent risk group migration between NCCN risk group and genomic classifier. Relative risk of metastasis was estimated using negative binomial model. Results: Final analytical cohort included 207 evaluable cases (AAM = 102 and NAAM = 107) with comprehensive genomic information. Risk of metastasis was determined based on pretreatment biopsy Decipher score, and patients were classified as low, favorable-, and unfavorable intermediate risk. Despite achieving a robustly matched clinical cohort, we observed significant genomic heterogeneity between AAM and NAAM across NCCN risk groups. In a comparative analysis, 49% of low-favorable intermediate risk AAM harbored high genomic risk tumors as compared to only 10% NAAM, p = 0.02. Similarly, using the modified clinico-genomic risk classifier (cGC), comprised of both Decipher score and clinical variables, AAM experienced an extreme deviation of risk status (difference [δ] between cGC and NCCN ≥ 2) as compared to NAAM (26.8% vs 8.1%, p = 0.03). In a binomial model, low-favorable NCCN risk AAM were 3.9 times more likely to be reclassified as high genomic risk for distant metastasis compared to NAAM (RR = 3.99, 95% CI, 1.15 – 13.86, p = 0.02). Conclusions: Clinical NCCN risk classification is an inadequate surrogate of tumor biology and offers suboptimal risk stratification for AAM with PC. Integration of patient specific genomic classifier into standard of care will improve accuracy in disease risk classification and treatment recommendations for AAM. Clinical trial information: NCT02723734.
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McBride SM, Spratt DE, Kollmeier M, Abida W, Xiao H, Slovin SF, Paller CJ, Deville C, Den RB, Hearn JW, Scher HI, Zelefsky MJ, Rathkopf DE. Interim results of aasur: A single arm, multi-center phase 2 trial of apalutamide (A) + abiraterone acetate + prednisone (AA+P) + leuprolide with stereotactic ultra-hypofractionated radiation (UHRT) in very high risk (VHR), node negative (N0) prostate cancer (PCa). J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.5012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5012 Background: Standard of care in VHR PCa is radiation therapy (RT) with 18-36 months (mos) of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). With this regimen, chronic ADT toxicity is significant and biochemical recurrence (BCR) frequent. We sought to improve tumor control and minimize toxicity with intensified short course ADT with dual androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSI) and UHRT. Methods: 64 patients (pts) with VHR, N0 PCa were enrolled from 4 centers. VHR PCa was defined as Gleason score (GS) 9-10, >4 cores of GS 8 disease, or 2 high-risk features (including rT3/T4 disease). Treatment (tx) involved 6 mos of A, AA+P, and leuprolide with prostate/seminal vesicle-directed RT (7.5-8 Gy x 5 fractions). The primary endpoint was BCR defined as nadir PSA + 2ng/mL. Biochemical recurrence-free survival (bRFS) is reported herein. Our hypothesized reduction in BCR from 25% to 10% at 3 years (yrs) required 53 pts to provide a power of 0.84 and an alpha of 0.03. Undetectable PSA was defined as <0.10 ng/mL. Non-castrate testosterone (T) was a post-tx value >150 ng/mL. All analyses were intention-to-treat. Toxicity and health-related quality of life measures were evaluated using CTCAEv4.0 and the EPIC-26 questionnaire. Results: Baseline characteristics are summarized in the Table; 63 of 64 pts completed protocol tx. Median time to nadir PSA from tx start was 2 mos (range, 1-9); 63 of 64 pts (98.4%) achieved an undetectable nadir PSA. Median time to post-tx, non-castrate T was 6.5 mos (range, 2.5-25.5). Median follow-up (f/u) for pts without BCR was 30 mos (range, 15-44). Seven pts had BCR; 2-yr bRFS was 95.0% (95% CI, 89.7-100); 3-yr bRFS was 89.7% (95 CI, 81.0-99.3). For the 57 pts without BCR, 56 (98.2%) had T > 150ng/mL at last f/u; median PSA at last f/u was 0.10 ng/mL (IQR, <0.10-0.30); of these, 40 (70.2%) pts had PSAs ≤ 0.20 ng/mL with 24 (42.1%) undetectable. Fifteen pts experienced transient Grade 3 toxicities: 12 (18.8%) with hypertension and 3 with rash (4.7%). EPIC-26 scores for a subset of pts (n=21) at baseline and 12 mos showed no significant decline in urinary or bowel domains; declines in sexual (-11.9) and hormone (-5.7) domains met significance. Conclusions: Compared to historic controls with the long course ADT, AASUR demonstrated impressive 3-yr bRFS, rapid T recovery, and limited toxicities; the safety profile of this regimen was consistent with the known AE profile of the ARSI and RT. This regimen warrants further, randomized evaluation. Funded by Janssen Pharmaceuticals. Managed by the Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Consortium. Clinical trial information: NCT02772588. [Table: see text]
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Jones G, Dhawan N, Chowdhary A, Royce TJ, Patel KR, Chhabra A, Knoll M, Deville C, Winkfield KM, Vapiwala N, Duma N, Chowdhary M. Gender and racial/ethnic disparities in academic oncology leadership. J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.11009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
11009 Background: Gender & racial/ethnic leadership disparities have been independently identified in academic hematology/oncology (HO) and radiation oncology (RO). Here, we evaluate gender and racial/ethnic intersectionality from the trainee to the leadership level. Methods: All ACGME accredited HO and RO training program websites were queried to identify constituent trainees, academic faculty, program directors (PD) and department chairs (DC), with a leadership position defined as PD or DC. Individual gender & race/ethnicity was determined using externally validated software tools (Gender-API, NamSor, & Onolytics), publicly available descriptors, and image review. We grouped individuals into 6 categories: White Male (WM), White Female (WF), Asian Male (AM), Asian Female (AF), Underrepresented Groups in Medicine (as defined by AAMC) Male (URMM) and Female (URMF). The chi-squared goodness-of-fit test was applied to examine if deviations exist between the observed vs. expected proportions of gender/race dyads in trainees, PD, and DC compared to academic faculty. Results: We identified 7,722 individuals from 2019-2020: 1,759 trainees (HO=1525; RO=234), 5,726 faculty (HO=4834; RO=892), 242 PD (HO=149; RO=93) and 237 DC (HO=144; RO=93). Leadership positions were most often comprised by WM (52.6%), and least often comprised by URMF (2.9%). Combined HO/RO analysis revealed significant differences in the observed representation of trainees & DC vs expected levels based on total faculty, respectively: WM (33.7% & 60.3% vs. 42.3%), WF (19.2% & 13.9% vs. 22.3%), AM (20.75% & 16.9% vs. 16.4%), AF (17.9% & 2.5% vs. 12.7%), URMM (4.09% & 5.5% vs. 3.5%) and URMF (4.3% & 0.8% vs. 2.8%), p<0.01. No differences were seen between PD vs total faculty. On subset analysis, there were significant differences observed in HO programs at the trainee, PD and DC levels compared to total faculty, whereas significant differences in RO programs were seen only at the DC level [Table]. Conclusions: Gender & racial/ethnic disparity is present in academic oncology. Specifically, women of all races/ethnicities are proportionally underrepresented in DC positions in HO and RO programs. These data can serve as a benchmark to raise awareness and monitor progress towards a more balanced workforce in oncology.[Table: see text]
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Dess RT, Suresh K, Zelefsky MJ, Freedland SJ, Mahal BA, Cooperberg MR, Davis BJ, Horwitz EM, Terris MK, Amling CL, Aronson WJ, Kane CJ, Jackson WC, Hearn JWD, Deville C, DeWeese TL, Greco S, McNutt TR, Song DY, Sun Y, Mehra R, Kaffenberger SD, Morgan TM, Nguyen PL, Feng FY, Sharma V, Tran PT, Stish BJ, Pisansky TM, Zaorsky NG, Moraes FY, Berlin A, Finelli A, Fossati N, Gandaglia G, Briganti A, Carroll PR, Karnes RJ, Kattan MW, Schipper MJ, Spratt DE. Development and Validation of a Clinical Prognostic Stage Group System for Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer Using Disease-Specific Mortality Results From the International Staging Collaboration for Cancer of the Prostate. JAMA Oncol 2021; 6:1912-1920. [PMID: 33090219 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.4922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Importance In 2016, the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) established criteria to evaluate prediction models for staging. No localized prostate cancer models were endorsed by the Precision Medicine Core committee, and 8th edition staging was based on expert consensus. Objective To develop and validate a pretreatment clinical prognostic stage group system for nonmetastatic prostate cancer. Design, Setting, and Participants This multinational cohort study included 7 centers from the United States, Canada, and Europe, the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) Veterans Affairs Medical Centers collaborative (5 centers), and the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor (CaPSURE) registry (43 centers) (the STAR-CAP cohort). Patients with cT1-4N0-1M0 prostate adenocarcinoma treated from January 1, 1992, to December 31, 2013 (follow-up completed December 31, 2017). The STAR-CAP cohort was randomly divided into training and validation data sets; statisticians were blinded to the validation data until the model was locked. A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cohort was used as a second validation set. Analysis was performed from January 1, 2018, to November 30, 2019. Exposures Curative intent radical prostatectomy (RP) or radiotherapy with or without androgen deprivation therapy. Main Outcomes and Measures Prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM). Based on a competing-risk regression model, a points-based Score staging system was developed. Model discrimination (C index), calibration, and overall performance were assessed in the validation cohorts. Results Of 19 684 patients included in the analysis (median age, 64.0 [interquartile range (IQR), 59.0-70.0] years), 12 421 were treated with RP and 7263 with radiotherapy. Median follow-up was 71.8 (IQR, 34.3-124.3) months; 4078 (20.7%) were followed up for at least 10 years. Age, T category, N category, Gleason grade, pretreatment serum prostate-specific antigen level, and the percentage of positive core biopsy results among biopsies performed were included as variables. In the validation set, predicted 10-year PCSM for the 9 Score groups ranged from 0.3% to 40.0%. The 10-year C index (0.796; 95% CI, 0.760-0.828) exceeded that of the AJCC 8th edition (0.757; 95% CI, 0.719-0.792), which was improved across age, race, and treatment modality and within the SEER validation cohort. The Score system performed similarly to individualized random survival forest and interaction models and outperformed National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment (CAPRA) risk grouping 3- and 4-tier classification systems (10-year C index for NCCN 3-tier, 0.729; for NCCN 4-tier, 0.746; for Score, 0.794) as well as CAPRA (10-year C index for CAPRA, 0.760; for Score, 0.782). Conclusions and Relevance Using a large, diverse international cohort treated with standard curative treatment options, a proposed AJCC-compliant clinical prognostic stage group system for prostate cancer has been developed. This system may allow consistency of reporting and interpretation of results and clinical trial design.
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Taparra K, Miller RC, Deville C. Navigating Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Cancer Disparities From a Cultural and Historical Perspective. JCO Oncol Pract 2021; 17:130-134. [PMID: 33497251 DOI: 10.1200/op.20.00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Phillips R, Shi WY, Deek M, Radwan N, Lim SJ, Antonarakis ES, Rowe SP, Ross AE, Gorin MA, Deville C, Greco SC, Wang H, Denmeade SR, Paller CJ, Dipasquale S, DeWeese TL, Song DY, Wang H, Carducci MA, Pienta KJ, Pomper MG, Dicker AP, Eisenberger MA, Alizadeh AA, Diehn M, Tran PT. Outcomes of Observation vs Stereotactic Ablative Radiation for Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer: The ORIOLE Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol 2021; 6:650-659. [PMID: 32215577 PMCID: PMC7225913 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 640] [Impact Index Per Article: 213.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Question How effectively does stereotactic ablative radiotherapy prevent progression of disease compared with observation in men with recurrent hormone-sensitive prostate cancer with 1 to 3 metastases? Findings In this phase 2 randomized clinical trial of 54 men, progression of disease at 6 months occurred in 7 of 36 participants (19%) treated with stereotactic ablative radiotherapy and in 11 of 18 participants (61%) undergoing observation, a statistically significant difference. Meaning Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy is a promising treatment approach for men with recurrent hormone-sensitive oligometastatic prostate cancer who wish to delay initiation of androgen deprivation therapy. Importance Complete metastatic ablation of oligometastatic prostate cancer may provide an alternative to early initiation of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Objective To determine if stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) improves oncologic outcomes in men with oligometastatic prostate cancer. Design, Setting, and Participants The Observation vs Stereotactic Ablative Radiation for Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer (ORIOLE) phase 2 randomized study accrued participants from 3 US radiation treatment facilities affiliated with a university hospital from May 2016 to March 2018 with a data cutoff date of May 20, 2019, for analysis. Of 80 men screened, 54 men with recurrent hormone-sensitive prostate cancer and 1 to 3 metastases detectable by conventional imaging who had not received ADT within 6 months of enrollment or 3 or more years total were randomized. Interventions Patients were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive SABR or observation. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was progression at 6 months by prostate-specific antigen level increase, progression detected by conventional imaging, symptomatic progression, ADT initiation for any reason, or death. Predefined secondary outcomes were toxic effects of SABR, local control at 6 months with SABR, progression-free survival, Brief Pain Inventory (Short Form)–measured quality of life, and concordance between conventional imaging and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)–targeted positron emission tomography in the identification of metastatic disease. Results In the 54 men randomized, the median (range) age was 68 (61-70) years for patients allocated to SABR and 68 (64-76) years for those allocated to observation. Progression at 6 months occurred in 7 of 36 patients (19%) receiving SABR and 11 of 18 patients (61%) undergoing observation (P = .005). Treatment with SABR improved median progression-free survival (not reached vs 5.8 months; hazard ratio, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.11-0.81; P = .002). Total consolidation of PSMA radiotracer-avid disease decreased the risk of new lesions at 6 months (16% vs 63%; P = .006). No toxic effects of grade 3 or greater were observed. T-cell receptor sequencing identified significant increased clonotypic expansion following SABR and correlation between baseline clonality and progression with SABR only (0.082085 vs 0.026051; P = .03). Conclusions and Relevance Treatment with SABR for oligometastatic prostate cancer improved outcomes and was enhanced by total consolidation of disease identified by PSMA-targeted positron emission tomography. SABR induced a systemic immune response, and baseline immune phenotype and tumor mutation status may predict the benefit from SABR. These results underline the importance of prospective randomized investigation of the oligometastatic state with integrated imaging and biological correlates. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02680587
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Linscheid LJ, Holliday EB, Ahmed A, Somerson JS, Hanson S, Jagsi R, Deville C. Women in academic surgery over the last four decades. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243308. [PMID: 33326486 PMCID: PMC7743929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective As the number of female medical students and surgical residents increases, the increasing number of female academic surgeons has been disproportionate. The purpose of this brief report is to evaluate the AAMC data from 1969 to 2018 to compare the level of female academic faculty representation for surgical specialties over the past four decades. Design The number of women as a percentage of the total surgeons per year were recorded for each year from 1969–2018, the most recent year available. Descriptive statistics were performed. Poisson regression examined the percentage of women in each field as the outcome of interest with the year and specialty (using general surgery as a reference) as two predictor variables. Setting Data from the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC). Participants All full-time academic faculty physicians in the specialties of obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN), general surgery, ophthalmology, otolaryngology (ENT), plastic surgery, plastic surgery, urology, neurosurgery, orthopaedic surgery and cardiothoracic surgery as per AAMC records. Results The percentage of women in surgery for all specialties evaluated increased from 1969 to 2018 (OR 1.04, p<0.001). Compared with general surgery, the rate of yearly percentage change increased more slowly in neurosurgery (OR 0.84; P = .004), orthopaedic surgery (OR 0.82; P = .002), urology (OR 0.59; P < .001), and cardiothoracic surgery (OR 0.38; P < .001). There was no significant difference in the rate of yearly percentage change for plastic surgery (OR 1.01; P = .840). The rate of yearly percentage change increased more rapidly in OB/GYN (OR 2.86; P < .001), ophthalmology (OR 1.79; P < .001) and ENT (OR 1.70; P < .001). Conclusions Representation of women in academic surgery is increasing overall but is increasing more slowly in orthopaedic surgery, neurosurgery, cardiothoracic surgery and urology compared with that in general surgery. These data may be used to inform and further the discussion of how mentorship and sponsorship of female students and trainees interested in surgical careers may improve gender equity in the future.
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Washington C, Deville C. Health disparities and inequities in the utilization of diagnostic imaging for prostate cancer. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2020; 45:4090-4096. [PMID: 32761404 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-020-02657-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review and summarize the reported health disparities and inequities in diagnostic imaging for prostate cancer. METHODS We queried the PubMed search engine for original publications studying disparate utilization of diagnostic imaging for prostate cancer. Query terms were as follows: prostate AND cancer AND diagnostic AND imaging AND (magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) OR computed tomography (CT) OR bone scintigraphy OR positron emission tomography (PET)-CT)) AND (inequities OR disparities OR socioeconomic OR race). Studies were included if they involved United States patients, had diagnostic imaging as a part of their care, and addressed health inequities. RESULTS A total of 104 studies were captured in the initial query with 17 meeting inclusion criteria, comprising 10 population-based analyses, 5 single institutional analyses, 1 multi-institutional analysis, and 1 review. Socioeconomic status and race were frequently associated with imaging utilization and guideline-concordant care. SEER analyses revealed that African-American men had higher odds of experiencing overuse of pelvic CT/pelvic MRI and bone scans, while older men experienced underuse. Higher income and younger age were more likely to receive imaging that was adherent to NCCN guidelines. African-American and Hispanic men were less likely than white men to receive prostate multiparametric MRI. CONCLUSION Race, age, and socioeconomic status play a significant role in the diagnostic management of prostate cancer. Certain demographics are more disparately affected and less likely to receive guideline-concordant care. Continued research and interventions are needed to ensure appropriate and accessible diagnostic imaging for prostate cancer and ultimately the delivery of quality and equitable care.
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90
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Barsky A, Carmona R, Santos P, Verma V, Both S, Bekelman J, Christodouleas J, Vapiwala N, Deville C. Comparative Clinical Outcomes and Patterns of Failure of Proton-Beam Therapy (PBT) versus Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) for Prostate Cancer in the Postoperative Setting. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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91
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Deek M, Taparra K, Phillips R, Isaacsson Velho P, Gao R, Deville C, Song D, Greco S, Carducci M, Eisenberger M, DeWeese T, Denmeade S, Pienta K, Paller C, Antonarakis E, Olivier K, Park S, Tran P, Stish B. Metastasis Directed Therapy Prolongs Efficacy of Systemic Therapy and Improves Clinical Outcomes in Oligoprogressive Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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92
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McClelland S, Petereit DG, Zeitlin R, Takita C, Suneja G, Miller RC, Deville C, Siker ML. Improving the Clinical Treatment of Vulnerable Populations in Radiation Oncology. Adv Radiat Oncol 2020; 5:1093-1098. [PMID: 33305069 PMCID: PMC7718519 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2020.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing role of radiation oncology in optimal cancer care treatment brings to mind the adage that power is never a gift, but a responsibility. A significant part of the responsibility we in radiation oncology bear is how to ensure optimal access to our services. This article summarizes the discussion initiated at the 2019 American Society for Radiation Oncology Annual Meeting educational panel entitled “Improving the Clinical Treatment of Vulnerable Populations in Radiation Oncology: Latin, African American, Native American, and Gender/Sexual Minority Communities.” By bringing the discussion to the printed page, we hope to continue the conversation with a broader audience to better define the level of responsibility our field bears in optimizing cancer care to the most vulnerable patient populations within the United States.
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Seldon C, Ahmed A, Llorente R, Yoo S, Holliday E, Thomas C, Jagsi R, Deville C. Gender Diversity in Academic Oncology Programs in the United States and Abroad. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.2544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Taparra K, Deek M, Dao D, Chan L, Phillips R, Isaacsson Velho P, Gao R, Deville C, Song D, Greco S, Carducci M, Eisenberger M, DeWeese T, Denmeade S, Pienta K, Paller C, Antonarakis E, Park S, Tran P, Stish B. Modes of Failure Following Metastasis Directed Therapy in Patients with Oligometastatic Hormone Sensitive Prostate Cancer: A Multi-institutional Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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95
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Thomas R, Chen H, Fellows Z, Chen C, Li H, Deville C. Comparative in Silico Analysis of Pre-Operative Scanning Beam Proton Therapy, Intensity Modulated Photon Radiation Therapy, and 3D Conformal Photon Radiation Therapy in Adult Soft Tissue Sarcoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jackson I, Deville C, Tsai J, Goyal S, Hintenlang KM, Videtic GMM, Small W, Hoppe B, Miller RC. Addressing the Impact of Systemic Racism in Radiation Oncology: Advances in Radiation Oncology commits to addressing systemic, institutionalized racism in academic medicine. Adv Radiat Oncol 2020; 5:791-792. [PMID: 33083638 PMCID: PMC7557202 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2020.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Deville C, Lee WR. Reconciling outcomes for Black men with prostate cancer within and outside the Veterans Health Administration. Cancer 2020; 127:342-344. [PMID: 33036061 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Deville C, Hwang WT, Barsky AR, Both S, Christodouleas JP, Bekelman JE, Tochner Z, Vapiwala N. Initial clinical outcomes for prostate cancer patients undergoing adjuvant or salvage proton therapy after radical prostatectomy. Acta Oncol 2020; 59:1235-1239. [PMID: 32421456 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2020.1766698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Wyse R, Hwang WT, Ahmed AA, Richards E, Deville C. Diversity by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex within the US Psychiatry Physician Workforce. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2020; 44:523-530. [PMID: 32705570 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-020-01276-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed the distribution of race, ethnicity, and sex within the US psychiatry physician workforce and trends from 1987 to 2016. METHODS The authors used physician workforce data to assess differences in race, ethnicity, and sex among psychiatric practicing physicians, faculty, fellows, residents, residency applicants, and medical graduate cohorts. Binomial tests were used for comparison between individual cohorts and to US population statistics. A simple linear regression model was used to assess trends among psychiatric residents and faculty over years 1987-2016. RESULTS Within psychiatry, historically underrepresented minorities in medicine (URMs) had less representation as residents (16.2%), faculty (8.7%), and practicing physicians (10.4%) compared with the US population (32.6%), Ps < 0.0001. Females were underrepresented as psychiatric practicing physicians (38.5%, P < .0001). There was greater URM representation among residents (16.2%) compared with that of Psychiatry faculty and practicing physicians (Ps < .0001). Racial/ethnic representation did not differ significantly compared with subspecialty fellows; however, the addiction subspecialty contained the least URM and female diversity. Historical trends indicated the proportion of female faculty (0.9%/yr) increased nearly 1.5 times faster than that of female trainees (0.6%/year). Conversely, the proportion of URM residents (0.26%/year) increased over 4 times faster than that of URM faculty (0.06%/year), with black faculty actually decreasing in proportion. CONCLUSIONS Female and URM representation within the psychiatry physician workforce is significantly lower than US population demographics; however, trends indicate diminishing underrepresentation. While psychiatry residency remains more diverse than other specialties, specific trends identify poor minority representation among psychiatry faculty and fellows as areas needing attention.
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White MJ, Wyse RJ, Ware AD, Deville C. Current and Historical Trends in Diversity by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex Within the US Pathology Physician Workforce. Am J Clin Pathol 2020; 154:450-458. [PMID: 32785661 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study assessed historical and current gender, racial, and ethnic diversity trends within US pathology graduate medical education (GME) and the pathologist workforce. METHODS Data from online, publicly available sources were assessed for significant differences in racial, ethnic, and sex distribution in pathology trainees, as well as pathologists in practice or on faculty, separately compared with the US population and then each other using binomial tests. RESULTS Since 1995, female pathology resident representation has been increasing at a rate of 0.45% per year (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29-0.61; P < .01), with pathology now having significantly more females (49.8%) compared to the total GME pool (45.4%; P < .0001). In contrast, there was no significant trend in the rate of change per year in black or American Indian, Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (AI/AN/NH/PI) resident representation (P = .04 and .02). Since 1995, underrepresented minority (URM) faculty representation has increased by 0.03% per year (95% CI, 0.024-0.036; P < .01), with 7.6% URM faculty in 2018 (5.2% Hispanic, 2.2% black, 0.2% AI/AN/NH/PI). CONCLUSIONS This assessment of pathology trainee and physician workforce diversity highlights significant improvements in achieving trainee gender parity. However, there are persistent disparities in URM representation, with significant underrepresentation of URM pathologists compared with residents.
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