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Essam N, Davy Z, Shaw D, Spaight A, Siriwardena AN. A15 A case study framework for design and evaluation of a national project to improve prehospital care of myocardial infarction and stroke. Arch Emerg Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2011-200645.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Shaw D, Knowles S, Siriwardena AN. A3 Identifying barriers and facilitators to improving prehospital care of asthma: views of ambulance clinicians. Arch Emerg Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2011-200645.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Shaw D, Knowles S, Siriwardena AN. A2 Identifying barriers and facilitators to improving prehospital care of asthma: views of ambulance clinicians. Arch Emerg Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2011-200644.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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79
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Norwood S, Shaw D, Cowieson N, Swarbrick J, Collins B. Assembly and solution structure of the retromer complex. Acta Crystallogr A 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767311085990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Shaw D, Norwood K, Leslie JC. Chlordiazepoxide and lavender oil alter unconditioned anxiety-induced c-fos expression in the rat brain. Behav Brain Res 2011; 224:1-7. [PMID: 21641938 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lavender oil has a long history of use for treating anxiety, but only recent research has examined its effects using standard behavioural methods used to test novel drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of inhaled lavender oil on anxiety related behaviour of rats in the open field and to compare them with the effects of chlordiazepoxide (CDP), a typical anxiolytic drug. Additionally c-fos immunochemistry was used to investigate whether lavender oil produced the same pattern of c-fos expression as CDP in eight different brain areas associated with anxiety. As previously found, lavender oil showed anxiolytic properties in the open field similar to but not as extensive as those of CDP. Immunochemistry results indicated that exposure to the open field increased c-fos expression, while CDP reversed the effects of this behavioural stressor on c-fos expression in all brain regions examined except the central nucleus of the amygdala, where c-fos expression increased. Lavender oil had similar effects to CDP on the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and the central nucleus of the amygdala. These results strengthen the suggestion that inhaling lavender oil has anxiolytic behavioural effects, but they are weaker than the effects of benzodiazepines, and there is limited evidence that they are mediated by the same neural processes.
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Gwini SM, Shaw D, Mohammad I, Spaight A, Siriwardena AN. 013 Factors associated with adverse clinical features in patients presenting with non-fatal self-poisoning. Arch Emerg Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/emj.2010.108605.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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82
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Iqbal M, Spaight A, Siriwardena AN, Shaw D. 02 Investigation of patient and practitioner views on improving pain management in the prehospital settings. Arch Emerg Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/emj.2010.108605.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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83
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Thomas SE, Haney MK, Pelic CM, Shaw D, Wong JG. Developing a program to promote stress resilience and self-care in first-year medical students. CANADIAN MEDICAL EDUCATION JOURNAL 2011; 2:e32-e36. [PMID: 21822458 PMCID: PMC3150750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Facilitating stress resilience in future physicians is an important role of medical educators and administrators. We developed an extracurricular program and pilot tested the program on first year medical students. METHODS: Presentations on topics related to mental health, help-seeking, and stress resilience were presented (one topic per session). Attendance was voluntary. Attendees were requested to complete anonymous evaluations following each presentation. Primary outcome variables were rates of agreement that the presentation (1) was interesting, (2) provided valuable information, and (3) provided information relevant for the student's future practice as a physician. RESULTS: Each of the seven topics was attended on average by approximately half of the student body. Evaluations were very positive that presentations were interesting and provided information useful to maintaining balance during medical school (all had ≥85% rates of agreement). Evaluations by students were variable (41%-88% rates of agreement) on whether each presented information relevant for future practice. CONCLUSIONS: The results support that first-year medical students value explicit guidance on ways to bolster stress resilience and self-care during medical school. It is important to clarify with each presentation how the information is relevant to their future practice as a physician.
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Barth KS, Rydin-Gray S, Kose S, Borckardt JJ, O'Neil PM, Shaw D, Madan A, Budak A, George MS. Food cravings and the effects of left prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation using an improved sham condition. Front Psychiatry 2011; 2:9. [PMID: 21556279 PMCID: PMC3089991 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined whether a single session of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the left prefrontal cortex (PFC) would inhibit food cravings in healthy women who endorsed frequent food cravings. Ten participants viewed images of food and completed ratings for food cravings before and after receiving either real or sham rTMS over the left PFC (10 Hz, 100% resting motor threshold, 10 s-on, 20 s-off for 15 min; 3000 pulses). Sham-TMS was matched with real TMS with respect to perceived painfulness of the stimulation. Each participant received both real and sham rTMS in random order and were blind to the condition in a within-subject cross-over design. With an improved sham control condition, prefrontal rTMS inhibited food cravings no better than sham rTMS. The mild pain from the real and sham rTMS may distract or inhibit food craving, and the decreased craving may not be caused by the effect of rTMS itself. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether rTMS has any true effects on food craving and whether painful stimuli inhibit food or other cravings. A sham condition which matches the painfulness is important to understand the true effects of TMS on behaviors and diseases.
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Abstract
In the last year there has been a great deal of public debate about homeopathy, the system of alternative medicine whose main principles are that like cures like and that potency increases relative to dilution. The House of Commons Select Committee on Science and Technology concluded in November 2009 that there is no evidence base for homeopathy, and agreed with some academic commentators that homeopathy should not be funded by the NHS. While homeopathic doctors and hospitals are quite commonplace, some might be surprised to learn that there are also many homeopathic dentists practising in the UK. This paper examines the statements made by several organisations on behalf of homeopathic dentistry and suggests that they are not entirely ethical and may be in breach of various professional guidelines.
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Kaushik S, Shaw D. Estimation of body composition using different equations on a longitudinal physical training paradigm of experimentation on female sports persons of national level. Br J Sports Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2010.078725.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Shaw D, Kaushik S. Influence of long term physical activity on selected skinfold variables of national level male sports persons. Br J Sports Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2010.078725.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Kaushik S, Shaw D. Alteration in the selected skinfold variables of female as a result of longitudinal physical training. Br J Sports Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2010.078725.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Shaw D, Kaushik S. Estimation of body composition using different equations on a longitudinal physical training paradigm of experimentation on national level male sportsperson. Br J Sports Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2010.078725.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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90
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Yu M, Zhou B, Bi D, Shaw D. Preparation of graded multilayer materials and evaluation of residual stresses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2009.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ephgrave K, Margo KL, White C, Hammoud M, Brodkey A, Painter T, Juel VC, Shaw D, Ferguson K. Core clerkship directors: their current resources and the rewards of the role. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2010; 85:710-715. [PMID: 20354393 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0b013e3181d2cdf1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To conduct a national multidisciplinary investigation assessing core clinical clerkships and their directors, variances in resources from national guidelines, and the impact of the clerkship director role on faculty members' academic productivity, advancement, and satisfaction. METHOD A multidisciplinary working group of the Alliance for Clinical Education (ACE), representing all seven core clinical disciplines, created and distributed a survey to clerkship directors at 125 U.S. MD-granting medical schools, in academic year 2006-2007. RESULTS A total of 544 clerkship directors from Internal Medicine (96), Family Medicine (91), Psychiatry, (91), Pediatrics (79), Surgery (71), Neurology (60), and Obstetrics-Gynecology (56) responded, representing over 60% of U.S. core clinical clerkships. The clerkship directors were similar across disciplines in demographics and academic productivity, though clinical and clerkship activities varied. Departmental staff support for clerkships averaged 0.69 people, distinctly less than the ACE's 2003 guideline of a full-time coordinator in all disciplines' clerkships. Clerkship directors reported heavy clinical responsibilities, which, as in previous studies, were negatively related to academic productivity. However, many clerkship directors felt the role enhanced their academic advancement; a large majority felt it significantly enhanced their career satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS The resources and rewards of the clerkship director role were similar across disciplines. Expectations of clerkship directors were considerable, including responsibility for clinical material and the learning environment. Resources for many fall short of those stated in the ACE guidelines, particularly regarding support staff. However, the findings indicate that the clerkship director role can have benefits for academic advancement and strongly enhances career satisfaction.
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Shaw D, Conway DI. Pascal's Wager, infective endocarditis and the "no-lose" philosophy in medicine. Heart 2009; 96:15-8. [DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2009.186056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Hawkins D, Rocabayera X, Ruckman S, Segret R, Shaw D. Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of ethyl Nα-lauroyl-L-arginate hydrochloride in human volunteers. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:2711-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Revised: 07/16/2009] [Accepted: 07/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Shaw D. Ethics, professionalism and fitness to practise: three concepts, not one. Br Dent J 2009; 207:59-62. [PMID: 19629106 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2009.606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The GDC's recent third interim edition of The first five years places renewed emphasis on the place of professionalism in the undergraduate dental curriculum. This paper provides a brief analysis of the concepts of ethics, professionalism and fitness to practise, and an examination of the GDC's First five years and Standards for dental professionals guidance, as well as providing an insight into the innovative ethics strand of the BDS course at the University of Glasgow. It emerges that GDC guidance is flawed inasmuch as it advocates a virtue-based approach to ethics and professionalism, and fails to distinguish clearly between these two concepts.
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Lunn J, Shaw D, de Bree A. Leadership training for European nutritionists. NUTR BULL 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-3010.2009.01766.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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96
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Fendt M, Bürki H, Imobersteg S, van der Putten H, McAllister K, Leslie JC, Shaw D, Hölscher C. The effect of mGlu8 deficiency in animal models of psychiatric diseases. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2009; 9:33-44. [PMID: 19740090 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2009.00532.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 8 (mGlu(8)) is presynaptically located and regulates the release of the transmitter. Dysfunctions of this mechanism are involved in the pathophysiology of different psychiatric disorders. mGlu(8) deficient mice have been previously investigated in a range of studies, but the results are contradictory and there are still many open questions. Therefore, we tested mGlu(8)-deficient animals in different behavioral tasks that are commonly used in neuropsychiatric research. Our results show a robust contextual fear deficit in mGlu(8)-deficient mice. Furthermore, novel object recognition, chlordiazepoxide-facilitated extinction of operant conditioning and the acoustic startle response were attenuated by mGlu(8) deficiency. We found no changes in sensory processing, locomotor activity, prepulse inhibition, phencyclidine-induced changes in locomotion or prepulse inhibition, operant conditioning, conditioned fear to a discrete cue or in animal models of innate fear and post-traumatic stress disorder. We conclude that mGlu(8) might be a potential target for disorders with pathophysiological changes in brain areas where mGlu(8) modulates glutamate and gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) transmission. Our data especially point to anxiety disorders involving exaggerated contextual fear, such as generalized anxiety disorders, and to conditions with disturbed declarative memory.
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Shaw D. Institutional fear. Br Dent J 2009; 207:97. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2009.679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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98
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Shaw D. Exhaled nitric oxide: time to employ or make redundant? Chron Respir Dis 2009; 6:3-4. [PMID: 19176706 DOI: 10.1177/1479972308099206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Smith P, Stalin C, Shaw D, Granger N, Jeffery N. Comparison of Two Regimens for the Treatment of Meningoencephalomyelitis of Unknown Etiology. J Vet Intern Med 2009; 23:520-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0299.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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100
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