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Benussi L, Ciani M, Tonoli E, Morbin M, Palamara L, Albani D, Fusco F, Forloni G, Glionna M, Baco M, Paterlini A, Fostinelli S, Santini B, Galbiati E, Gagni P, Cretich M, Binetti G, Tagliavini F, Prosperi D, Chiari M, Ghidoni R. Loss of exosomes in progranulin-associated frontotemporal dementia. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 40:41-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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77
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Gagni P, Cretich M, Benussi L, Tonoli E, Ciani M, Ghidoni R, Santini B, Galbiati E, Prosperi D, Chiari M. Combined mass quantitation and phenotyping of intact extracellular vesicles by a microarray platform. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 902:160-167. [PMID: 26703266 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The interest towards extracellular vesicles (EVs) has grown exponentially over the last few years; being involved in intercellular communication and serving as reservoirs for biomarkers for tumors, they have a great potential for liquid biopsy development, possibly replacing many costly and invasive tissue biopsies. Here we propose, for the first time, the use of a Si/SiO2 interferometric, microarray platform for multiparametric intact EVs analysis combining label-free EVs mass quantitation and high sensitivity fluorescence based phenotyping. Label free interferometric measurement allows to quantify the amount of vesicles captured by printed antibodies while, on the same chip, EVs are also detected by fluorescence in a sandwich immunoassay. The proposed method simultaneously detects, quantify and phenotype intact EVs in a microarray format.
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Fiandra L, Colombo M, Mazzucchelli S, Truffi M, Santini B, Allevi R, Nebuloni M, Capetti A, Rizzardini G, Prosperi D, Corsi F. Nanoformulation of antiretroviral drugs enhances their penetration across the blood brain barrier in mice. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:1387-97. [PMID: 25839392 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Eradication of virus by sanctuary sites is a main goal in HIV management. The central nervous system (CNS) is a classic model of sanctuary where viral replication occurs despite a complete viral suppression in peripheral blood. In recent years, nanotechnologies have provided a great promise in the eradication of HIV from the CNS. We hereby demonstrate for the first time that the structurally complex antiretroviral drug enfuvirtide (Enf), which normally is unable to penetrate the cerebrospinal fluid, is allowed to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) in mice by conjugation with a nanoconstruct. Iron oxide nanoparticles coated with an amphiphilic polymer increase Enf translocation across the BBB in both in vitro and in vivo models. The mechanism involves the uptake of nanoconjugated-Enf in the endothelial cells, the nanocomplex dissociation and the release of the peptide, which is eventually excreted by the cells in the brain parenchyma. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Despite the success of cocktail therapy of antiretroviral drugs, the complete eradication of HIV remains elusive, due to existence of viral sanctuary sites. The authors showed in this study that an antiretroviral drug complexed with iron oxide nanoparticles and coated with PMA amphiphilic polymer crosses the blood brain barrier. Furthermore, there was significant anti-viral activity. The results would aid further drug designs to eradicate HIV.
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Galbiati E, Cassani M, Verderio P, Martegani E, Colombo M, Tortora P, Mazzucchelli S, Prosperi D. Peptide-Nanoparticle Ligation Mediated by Cutinase Fusion for the Development of Cancer Cell-Targeted Nanoconjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:680-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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80
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Picciolini S, Mehn D, Morasso C, Vanna R, Bedoni M, Pellacani P, Marchesini G, Valsesia A, Prosperi D, Tresoldi C, Ciceri F, Gramatica F. Polymer nanopillar-gold arrays as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrate for the simultaneous detection of multiple genes. ACS NANO 2014; 8:10496-10506. [PMID: 25280123 DOI: 10.1021/nn503873d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In our study, 2D nanopillar arrays with plasmonic crystal properties are optimized for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) application and tested in a biochemical assay for the simultaneous detection of multiple genetic leukemia biomarkers. The special fabrication process combining soft lithography and plasma deposition techniques allows tailoring of the structural and chemical parameters of the crystal surfaces. In this way, it has been possible to tune the plasmonic resonance spectral position close to the excitation wavelength of the monochromatic laser light source in order to maximize the enhancing properties of the substrate. Samples are characterized by scanning electron microscopy and reflectance measurements and tested for SERS activity using malachite green. Besides, as the developed substrate had been prepared on a simple glass slide, SERS detection from the support side is also demonstrated. The optimized substrate is functionalized with thiol-modified capture oligonucleotides, and concentration-dependent signal of the target nucleotide is detected in a sandwich assay with labeled gold nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles functionalized with different DNA and various Raman reporters are applied in a microarray-based assay recognizing a disease biomarker (Wilms tumor gene) and housekeeping gene expressions in the same time on spatially separated microspots. The multiplexing performance of the SERS-based bioassay is illustrated by distinguishing Raman dyes based on their complex spectral fingerprints.
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81
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Bellini M, Mazzucchelli S, Galbiati E, Sommaruga S, Fiandra L, Truffi M, Rizzuto MA, Colombo M, Tortora P, Corsi F, Prosperi D. Protein nanocages for self-triggered nuclear delivery of DNA-targeted chemotherapeutics in Cancer Cells. J Control Release 2014; 196:184-96. [PMID: 25312541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A genetically engineered apoferritin variant consisting of 24 heavy-chain subunits (HFn) was produced to achieve a cumulative delivery of an antitumor drug, which exerts its cytotoxic action by targeting the DNA at the nucleus of human cancer cells with subcellular precision. The rationale of our approach is based on exploiting the natural arsenal of defense of cancer cells to stimulate them to recruit large amounts of HFn nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin inside their nucleus in response to a DNA damage, which leads to a programmed cell death. After demonstrating the selectivity of HFn for representative cancer cells compared to healthy fibroblasts, doxorubicin-loaded HFn was used to treat the cancer cells. The results from confocal microscopy and DNA damage assays proved that loading of doxorubicin in HFn nanoparticles increased the nuclear delivery of the drug, thus enhancing doxorubicin efficacy. Doxorubicin-loaded HFn acts as a "Trojan Horse": HFn was internalized in cancer cells faster and more efficiently compared to free doxorubicin, then promptly translocated into the nucleus following the DNA damage caused by the partial release in the cytoplasm of encapsulated doxorubicin. This self-triggered translocation mechanism allowed the drug to be directly released in the nuclear compartment, where it exerted its toxic action. This approach was reliable and straightforward providing an antiproliferative effect with high reproducibility. The particular self-assembling nature of HFn nanocage makes it a versatile and tunable nanovector for a broad range of molecules suitable both for detection and treatment of cancer cells.
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82
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Sommaruga S, Galbiati E, Peñaranda-Avila J, Brambilla C, Tortora P, Colombo M, Prosperi D. Immobilization of carboxypeptidase from Sulfolobus solfataricus on magnetic nanoparticles improves enzyme stability and functionality in organic media. BMC Biotechnol 2014; 14:82. [PMID: 25193105 PMCID: PMC4177664 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-14-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNP) offer several advantages for applications in biomedical and biotechnological research. In particular, MNP-based immobilization of enzymes allows high surface-to-volume ratio, good dispersibility, easy separation of enzymes from the reaction mixture, and reuse by applying an external magnetic field. In a biotechnological perspective, extremophilic enzymes hold great promise as they often can be used under non-conventional harsh conditions, which may result in substrate transformations that are not achievable with normal enzymes. This prompted us to investigate the effect of MNP bioconjugation on the catalytic properties of a thermostable carboxypeptidase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus (CPSso), which exhibits catalytic properties that are useful in synthetic processes. Results CPSso was immobilized onto silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles via NiNTA-His tag site-directed conjugation. Following the immobilization, CPSso acquired distinctly higher long-term stability at room temperature compared to the free native enzyme, which, in contrast, underwent extensive inactivation after 72 h incubation, thus suggesting a potential utilization of this enzyme under low energy consumption. Moreover, CPSso conjugation also resulted in a significantly higher stability in organic solvents at 40°C, which made it possible to synthesize N-blocked amino acids in remarkably higher yields compared to those of free enzyme. Conclusions The nanobioconjugate of CPSso immobilized on silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles exhibited enhanced stability in aqueous media at room temperature as well as in different organic solvents. The improved stability in ethanol paves the way to possible applications of immobilized CPSso, in particular as a biocatalyst for the synthesis of N-blocked amino acids. Another potential application might be amino acid racemate resolution, a critical and expensive step in chemical synthesis.
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Avvakumova S, Galbiati E, Pandolfi L, Mazzucchelli S, Cassani M, Gori A, Longhi R, Prosperi D. Development of U11-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles for Selective Targeting of Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:1381-6. [DOI: 10.1021/bc500202b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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84
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Avvakumova S, Fezzardi P, Pandolfi L, Colombo M, Sansone F, Casnati A, Prosperi D. Gold nanoparticles decorated by clustered multivalent cone-glycocalixarenes actively improve the targeting efficiency toward cancer cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:11029-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03159h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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85
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Verderio P, Pandolfi L, Mazzucchelli S, Marinozzi MR, Vanna R, Gramatica F, Corsi F, Colombo M, Morasso C, Prosperi D. Antiproliferative Effect of ASC-J9 Delivered by PLGA Nanoparticles against Estrogen-Dependent Breast Cancer Cells. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:2864-75. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500222k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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86
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Verderio P, Avvakumova S, Alessio G, Bellini M, Colombo M, Galbiati E, Mazzucchelli S, Avila JP, Santini B, Prosperi D. Delivering colloidal nanoparticles to mammalian cells: a nano-bio interface perspective. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:957-76. [PMID: 24443410 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the behavior of multifunctional colloidal nanoparticles capable of biomolecular targeting remains a fascinating challenge in materials science with dramatic implications in view of a possible clinical translation. In several circumstances, assumptions on structure-activity relationships have failed in determining the expected responses of these complex systems in a biological environment. The present Review depicts the most recent advances about colloidal nanoparticles designed for use as tools for cellular nanobiotechnology, in particular, for the preferential transport through different target compartments, including cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, and nucleus. Besides the conventional entry mechanisms based on crossing the cellular membrane, an insight into modern physical approaches to quantitatively deliver nanomaterials inside cells, such as microinjection and electro-poration, is provided. Recent hypotheses on how the nanoparticle structure and functionalization may affect the interactions at the nano-bio interface, which in turn mediate the nanoparticle internalization routes, are highlighted. In addition, some hurdles when this small interface faces the physiological environment and how this phenomenon can turn into different unexpected responses, are discussed. Finally, possible future developments oriented to synergistically tailor biological and chemical properties of nanoconjugates to improve the control over nanoparticle transport, which could open new scenarios in the field of nanomedicine, are addressed.
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Seminoff JA, Eguchi T, Carretta J, Allen CD, Prosperi D, Rangel R, Gilpatrick JW, Forney K, Peckham SH. Loggerhead sea turtle abundance at a foraging hotspot in the eastern Pacific Ocean: implications for at-sea conservation. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2014. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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88
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Meloni F, Cova E, Inghilleri S, Oggionni T, Magni S, Morosini M, Briganti D, Colombo M, Agozzino M, Cusella De Angelis M, Prosperi D. Novel Antibody-Engineered Gold Nanoparticles as Targeted Drug Delivery for Primary Mesenchimal Cells Do Not Elicit an Inflammatory Response. J Heart Lung Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2014.01.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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89
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Cova E, Colombo M, Inghilleri S, Morosini M, Miserere S, Peñaranda-Avila J, Santini B, Piloni D, Magni S, Gramatica F, Prosperi D, Meloni F. Antibody-engineered nanoparticles selectively inhibit mesenchymal cells isolated from patients with chronic lung allograft dysfunction. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 10:9-23. [PMID: 24559038 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Chronic lung allograft dysfunction represents the main cause of death after lung transplantation, and so far there is no effective therapy. Mesenchymal cells (MCs) are primarily responsible for fibrous obliteration of small airways typical of chronic lung allograft dysfunction. Here, we engineered gold nanoparticles containing a drug in the hydrophobic section to inhibit MCs, and exposing on the outer hydrophilic surface a monoclonal antibody targeting a MC-specific marker (half-chain gold nanoparticles with everolimus). MATERIALS & METHODS Half-chain gold nanoparticles with everolimus have been synthesized and incubated with MCs to evaluate the effect on proliferation and apoptosis. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Drug-loaded gold nanoparticles coated with the specific antibody were able to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis without stimulating an inflammatory response, as assessed by in vitro experiments. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of our nanoparticles in inhibiting MCs and open new perspectives for a local treatment of chronic lung allograft dysfunction.
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90
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Finetti C, Colombo M, Prosperi D, Alessio G, Morasso C, Sola L, Chiari M. One-pot phase transfer and surface modification of CdSe–ZnS quantum dots using a synthetic functional copolymer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:240-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46086j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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91
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Fiandra L, Mazzucchelli S, De Palma C, Colombo M, Allevi R, Sommaruga S, Clementi E, Bellini M, Prosperi D, Corsi F. Assessing the in vivo targeting efficiency of multifunctional nanoconstructs bearing antibody-derived ligands. ACS NANO 2013; 7:6092-6102. [PMID: 23758591 DOI: 10.1021/nn4018922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A great challenge in nanodiagnostics is the identification of new strategies aimed to optimize the detection of primary breast cancer and metastases by the employment of target-specific nanodevices. At present, controversial proof has been provided on the actual importance of surface functionalization of nanoparticles to improve their in vivo localization at the tumor. In the present paper, we have designed and developed a set of multifunctional nanoprobes, modified with three different variants of a model antibody, that is, the humanized monocolonal antibody trastuzumab (TZ), able to selectively target the HER2 receptor in breast cancer cells. Assuming that nanoparticle accumulation in target cells is strictly related to their physicochemical properties, we performed a comparative study of internalization, trafficking, and metabolism in MCF7 cells of multifunctional nanoparticles (MNP) functionalized with TZ or with alternative lower molecular weight variants of the monoclonal antibody, such as the half-chain (HC) and scFv fragments (scFv). Hence, to estimate to what extent the structure of the surface bioligand affects the targeting efficiency of the nanoconjugate, three cognate nanoconstructs were designed, in which only the antibody form was differentiated while the nanoparticle core was maintained unvaried, consisting of an iron oxide spherical nanocrystal coated with an amphiphilic polymer shell. In vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo analyses of the targeting efficiency and of the intracellular fate of MNP-TZ, MNP-HC, and MNP-scFv suggested that the highly stable MNP-HC is the best candidate for application in breast cancer detection. Our results provided evidence that, in this case, active targeting plays an important role in determining the biological activity of the nanoconstruct.
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92
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Giavazzi F, Salina M, Cerbino R, Bassi M, Prosperi D, Ceccarello E, Damin F, Sola L, Rusnati M, Chiari M, Chini B, Bellini T, Buscaglia M. Multispot, label-free biodetection at a phantom plastic-water interface. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:9350-5. [PMID: 23696673 PMCID: PMC3677498 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1214589110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognizing and quantifying specific biomolecules in aqueous samples are constantly needed in research and diagnostic laboratories. As the typical detection procedures are rather lengthy and involve the use of labeled secondary antibodies or other agents to provide a signal, efforts have been made over the last 10 y to develop alternative label-free methods that enable direct detection. We propose and demonstrate an extremely simple, low-cost, label-free biodetector based on measuring the intensity of light reflected by the interface between a fluid sample and an amorphous fluoropolymer substrate having a refractive index very close to that of water and hosting various antibodies immobilized in spots. Under these index-matching conditions, the amount of light reflected by the interface allows straightforward quantification of the amount of antigen binding to each spot. Using antibodies targeting heterologous immunoglobulins and antigens commonly used as markers for diagnoses of hepatitis B and HIV, we demonstrate the limit of detection of a few picograms per square millimeter of surface-bound molecules. We also show that direct and real-time access to the amount of binding molecules allows the precise extrapolation of adhesion rates, from which the concentrations of antigens in solution can be estimated down to fractions of nanograms per milliliter.
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93
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Cova E, Colombo M, Morosini M, Inghilleri S, Miserere S, Magni S, Prosperi D, Meloni F. An Innovative Approach to Selectively Inhibit Mesenchymal Cells Isolated from BOS Patients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2013.01.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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94
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Mazzucchelli S, Colombo M, Verderio P, Rozek E, Andreata F, Galbiati E, Tortora P, Corsi F, Prosperi D. Orientation-Controlled Conjugation of Haloalkane Dehalogenase Fused Homing Peptides to Multifunctional Nanoparticles for the Specific Recognition of Cancer Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201209662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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95
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Verderio P, Bonetti P, Colombo M, Pandolfi L, Prosperi D. Intracellular Drug Release from Curcumin-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles Induces G2/M Block in Breast Cancer Cells. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:672-82. [DOI: 10.1021/bm3017324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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96
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Mazzucchelli S, Colombo M, Verderio P, Rozek E, Andreata F, Galbiati E, Tortora P, Corsi F, Prosperi D. Orientation-controlled conjugation of haloalkane dehalogenase fused homing peptides to multifunctional nanoparticles for the specific recognition of cancer cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:3121-5. [PMID: 23386453 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201209662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 01/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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97
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Mazzucchelli S, Sommaruga S, O'Donnell M, Galeffi P, Tortora P, Prosperi D, Colombo M. Dependence of nanoparticle-cell recognition efficiency on the surface orientation of scFv targeting ligands. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:728-735. [DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60068h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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98
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Colombo M, Mazzucchelli S, Collico V, Avvakumova S, Pandolfi L, Corsi F, Porta F, Prosperi D. Back Cover: Protein-Assisted One-Pot Synthesis and Biofunctionalization of Spherical Gold Nanoparticles for Selective Targeting of Cancer Cells (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 37/2012). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201206129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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99
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Colombo M, Mazzucchelli S, Collico V, Avvakumova S, Pandolfi L, Corsi F, Porta F, Prosperi D. Rücktitelbild: Protein-Assisted One-Pot Synthesis and Biofunctionalization of Spherical Gold Nanoparticles for Selective Targeting of Cancer Cells (Angew. Chem. 37/2012). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201206129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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100
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Colombo M, Carregal-Romero S, Casula MF, Gutierrez L, Morales MP, Boehm IB, Heverhagen JT, Prosperi D, Parak WJ. ChemInform Abstract: Biological Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/chin.201235272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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