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Morrison D, Moskowitz N, Bhojwani D, Lee H, Patel B, Horton T, Raetz E, Carroll W. Endogenous knock-down of survival genes improves chemotherapeutic response in a T-ALL cell line. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.9522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
9522 Background: New targets for more effective, less toxic therapeutic approaches to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) can be developed by discovering pathways unique to the blast. Using microarray technology, we identified potential target genes that are up-regulated at relapse compared to diagnosis (Blood 2006;108:711–7). Two genes, survivin and securin, were selected for analysis because they are involved in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis and cellular transformation. We hypothesized that decreasing endogenous expression of these genes would increase apoptosis and sensitize cells to chemotherapy. Methods: Short hairpin RNA constructs (shRNA) targeting both transcripts and a control shRNA were engineered. LSN2181295 (sodium salt of LY2181308), an antisense molecule targeting survivin developed by Eli Lilly and its mismatch control (LSN2293329) were also tested. The T- ALL cell line Molt4 was transiently transfected with shRNA constructs or antisense oligos. Western blot and qRT-PCR were performed to determine the time course of target knock-down while apoptosis was assessed by annexin-V labeling. Following transfection, cells were also treated with varying doses of etoposide and doxorubicin for 24 hrs prior to FACS analysis. Results: The survivin and securin shRNAs blocked endogenous gene expression by 80–90%, with maximal effect achieved at 48 hrs. Transfection of Molt4 cells with survivin and securin shRNAs induced ∼13% and 35% apoptosis, respectively, as compared to a control shRNA. When used in combination with chemotherapeutic agents, the shRNA constructs potentiated the effect of both doxorubicin and etoposide at low dosages (≤100 nM and ≤0.4 uM respectively, p values <0.01). The antisense survivin drug had a similar effect as the survivin shRNA and also potentiated the effect of vincristine. Conclusion: Targeting levels of survivin and securin in conjunction with standard chemotherapy maximizes leukemia cell kill and effectively lowers the amount of chemotherapy needed to achieve cell death. Such an approach may improve overall survival for patients at relapse and could also lead to the delivery of effective chemotherapy at less toxic doses. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Adhikari S, Blaivas M, Morrison D. Comparison of Infection Rates among Ultrasound Guided and Blindly Placed Peripheral Intravenous Lines. Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Al-Doori Z, Goroncy-Bermes P, Gemmell CG, Morrison D. Low-level exposure of MRSA to octenidine dihydrochloride does not select for resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 59:1280-1. [PMID: 17439976 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkm092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Szczepanik A, Kozioł-Montewka M, Al-Doori Z, Morrison D, Kaczor D. Spread of a single multiresistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone carrying a variant of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type III isolated in a university hospital. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2007; 26:29-35. [PMID: 17180608 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-006-0237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was the molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates cultured from patients treated in seven wards of a university hospital in Lublin, Poland, over a 14-month period. Eleven nosocomial MRSA isolates were analyzed. Phenotypic identification of the isolates as MRSA was confirmed by the detection of the nuc and mecA genes using a multiplex PCR assay. The MRSA isolates were further characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, 16S-23S rRNA spacer length polymorphism analysis, and the simplex and multiplex SCCmec PCR assays. The MRSA isolates were found to be multiresistant: in addition to resistance to beta-lactam agents, they demonstrated resistance to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, erythromycin, and gentamicin. The MRSA isolates were genetically identical and shared common pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles and 16S-23S rRNA spacer length polymorphism profiles. The PCR-based method revealed that the profile of the Lublin clone was identical to that of the Brazilian pandemic MRSA isolates. By SCCmec typing, all MRSA isolates harbored the C variant of the SCCmec type III that differed from the typical SCCmec type III pattern by the lack of locus F (414 bp). The results of this study indicate the spread of a single, multiresistant, MRSA clone in various wards of a university hospital over a 14-month period. The SCCmec structure harbored by the Lublin clone has previously been identified among Polish MRSA isolates representing the HoMRSA-Pol1 clone. The data from this study indicate that the Lublin MRSA clone is most probably genetically related to the HoMRSA-Pol1 clone. Moreover, this latter clone belongs to ST239, the same sequence type as the Hungarian and Brazilian pandemic MRSA isolates.
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Renwick L, Hardie A, Girvan E, Gibb A, Morrison D, Dave J, Templeton K. P902 Development of a multiplex real-time PCR for detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Panton-Valentine leukocidin directly from clinical samples. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)70743-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Thomson H, Petticrew M, Morrison D. Better homes, better neighbourhoods. Br J Soc Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2006.049254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Gould I, MacKenzie F, Morrison D, Browning R, Edwards G. P1589 Report of a hospital outbreak of CA-MRSA. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)71428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Crowley G, Hackert CL, Meier RR, Strickland DJ, Paxton LJ, Pi X, Mannucci A, Christensen AB, Morrison D, Bust GS, Roble RG, Curtis N, Wene G. Global thermosphere-ionosphere response to onset of 20 November 2003 magnetic storm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005ja011518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Morrison D. PCI versus CABG versus medical therapy in 2006. Minerva Cardioangiol 2006; 54:643-72. [PMID: 17019400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The decision to offer patients with myocardial ischemia a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery has been largely determined by extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) and left ventricular function, since the early 1970's. Based upon subset analyses, and long-term follow-up, of three moderate-sized trials of stable patients and two small trials of unstable angina (excluding recent myocardial infarction, MI) patients, the notion has persisted that patients with left main narrowing >50% or three-vessel stenoses >70%, or even two-vessel stenoses >70%, where one of the vessels is the proximal left anterior descending, derive a "survival benefit" relative to medical therapy (MED), from CABG (anatomic paradigm). The MED of the original CABG versus MED trials consisted of little more than anti-anginal medications, used on an as-needed basis. In the ensuing 3 decades, multiple large, well done, randomized clinical trials have established a survival benefit for 4 different forms of MED among a broad spectrum of CAD patients. Aspirin; lipid lowering, especially with statins; b-blockers; and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and/or angiotensin receptor blocking agents; have all been shown to enhance survival, as well as reduce other objective adverse outcomes of CAD. The advances in MED, coupled with the small but significant mortality and morbidities of both CABG and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), are among the reasons to skeptically consider potential "survival benefit" of revascularization. A more common and far more easily justified reason to consider revascularization is to relieve "medically refractory" myocardial ischemia, particularly when the ischemia is accompanied by symptoms. Accordingly, documentation of medically refractory myocardial ischemia provides the answer to the first question of myocardial revascularization, "Is this patient likely to derive clinical benefit from revascularization, at this time?" It is only after this question has been answered that one needs to consider the relative advantages and disadvantages of PCI versus CABG (physiologic paradigm). Two of the relative advantages of PCI, namely speed of reperfusion, and relatively low morbidity, are among the reasons that most randomized trial data, and most clinical application of revascularization to patients with MI (ST-elevation MI [STEMI], and non-STEMI) have been by PCI. In contrast, for stable patients with medically refractory ischemia, anatomic considerations continue to be relevant to the choice between CABG and PCI. Specific advantages of CABG include: its potential to revascularize chronically occluded vessels with collaterals supplying viable myocardium; the fact that conduits protect territories rather than simply treating lesions; and the greater durability of conduits compared to bare-metal stents (drug-eluting stents may change the picture). Based on these principles, physiologic, rather than anatomic, considerations are most useful in determining whether to revascularize, and how urgently to revascularize (STEMI is an emergent indication and high-risk non-STEMI an urgent indication). Coronary anatomy, including both number of vessels and lesion characteristics, continues to help decide between CABG and PCI, and in formulating patient specific strategies.
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Templeton K, Hardie A, Smith M, Morrison D, Gibb A, Dave J. P4.22 Evaluation of Automated Extraction and Detection by Real-Time PCR to Identify MRSA Directly from Nasal Swabs. J Hosp Infect 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0195-6701(06)60084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Borg MA, Zerafa R, Morrison D, Cuschieri P. Incidence of glycopeptide hetero-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus strains in Maltese hospitals. Clin Microbiol Infect 2005; 11:405-7. [PMID: 15819869 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2005.01110.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of hetero-intermediate glycopeptide susceptibility among Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Malta, a country with a high incidence of methicillin resistance, was studied by screening 454 non-repetitive S. aureus isolates on teicoplanin-supplemented agar plates, followed by Etests and genotypic studies. All strains were susceptible to vancomycin, but four (0.88%) exhibited teicoplanin MICs of > 12 mg/L. High methicillin-resistant S.aureus endemicity was not an accurate predictor of the emergence of non-susceptibility to glycopeptides.
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Liu Y, Grinberg N, Thompson K, Wenslow R, Neue U, Morrison D, Walter T, O’Gara J, Wyndham K. Evaluation of a C18 hybrid stationary phase using high-temperature chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Meier RR, Crowley G, Strickland DJ, Christensen AB, Paxton LJ, Morrison D, Hackert CL. First look at the 20 November 2003 superstorm with TIMED/GUVI: Comparisons with a thermospheric global circulation model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004ja010990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Morrison D. Emergency Physicians Decrease Hospital Charges by Performing Bedside Ultrasound for Deep Venous Thrombosis. Acad Emerg Med 2005. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2005.03.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Olver WJ, Carmichael IC, Ziglam HM, Morrison D. Bacteraemia with tube-coagulase-negative methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Hosp Infect 2005; 60:87-8. [PMID: 15823666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2004.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Weber HO, Ludwig RL, Morrison D, Kotlyarov A, Gaestel M, Vousden KH. HDM2 phosphorylation by MAPKAP kinase 2. Oncogene 2005; 24:1965-72. [PMID: 15688025 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
p53 stability is regulated by HDM2, a RING domain protein that acts as an E3 ligase to ubiquitinate p53 and target its degradation. Phosphorylation of HDM2 on serine 166 by AKT has been shown to enhance HDM2 activity and promote the degradation of p53. Here, we show that MAPKAP kinase 2 (MK2) can phosphorylate HDM2 on serine 157 and 166 in vitro. Treatment of cells with anisomycin, which activates MK2, also results in phosphorylation of HDM2 on serine 157 and 166 in vivo. Mutation of the MK2 phosphorylation sites in HDM2 to aspartic acid renders HDM2 slightly more active in the degradation of p53, and mouse cells deficient for MK2 show reduced Mdm2 phosphorylation and elevated levels of p53 protein. Together, our results suggest that MK2 may act to dampen the extent and duration of the p53 response.
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Morrison D. Legend of the Longleaf Pines: An Interview with Leon Neel. ECOL RESTOR 2004. [DOI: 10.3368/er.22.4.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Moll S, Lindley C, Pescatore S, Morrison D, Tsuruta K, Mohri M, Serada M, Sata M, Shimizu H, Yamada K, White GC. Phase I study of a novel recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin, ART-123. J Thromb Haemost 2004; 2:1745-51. [PMID: 15456485 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2004.00927.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anticoagulants are often given for extended periods of time to patients at high risk for venous thromboembolism, such as after orthopedic surgery. Daily subcutaneous (sc) injections can be inconvenient to the patient. A long-acting anticoagulant requiring less frequent dosing could make treatment more acceptable. Thrombomodulin is a natural anticoagulant that activates protein C, which leads to inactivation of factor (F)Va and FVIIIa and decreased thrombin formation. Recombinant human thrombomodulin is a novel anticoagulant with a long half-life in animal models. METHODS AND RESULTS This phase I study examined pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (ART-123) after administration of doses between 0.02 and 0.06 mg kg(-1) body weight intravenously (iv), and between 0.02 and 0.45 mg kg(-1) sc in 55 healthy volunteers. The plasma half-life was 2-3 days after sc injection of various single doses. Plasma ART-123 levels estimated to be needed for prevention of thrombus formation in humans were maintained for at least 6 days after single sc injection of 0.30 and 0.45 mg kg(-1) ART-123. Antithrombotic activity with these doses was demonstrated by achieving prothrombinase inhibition of more than 80% for more than 6 days after administration. No major bleeding occurred. Pharmacodynamic modeling revealed that adequate antithrombotic ART-123 levels can be achieved for 6 days with one dose of 0.45 mg kg(-1) ART-123, and for 12 days with 2 doses of 0.30 mg kg(-1), given 5 days apart. CONCLUSIONS Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (ART-123) has a long half-life after sc injection and is well tolerated, making it a suitable agent to be tested in clinical thromboprophylaxis trials.
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Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Angelis ALS, Antonenko V, Arefiev V, Astakhov V, Avdeitchikov V, Awes TC, Baba PVKS, Badyal SK, Bathe S, Batiounia B, Bernier T, Bhalla KB, Bhatia VS, Blume C, Bucher D, Büsching H, Carlén L, Chattopadhyay S, Decowski MP, Delagrange H, Donni P, Dutta Majumdar MR, el Chenawi K, Dubey AK, Enosawa K, Fokin S, Frolov V, Ganti MS, Garpman S, Gavrishchuk O, Geurts FJM, Ghosh TK, Glasow R, Guskov B, Gustafsson HA, Gutbrod HH, Hrivnacova I, Ippolitov M, Kalechofsky H, Karadjev K, Karpio K, Kolb BW, Kosarev I, Koutcheryaev I, Kugler A, Kulinich P, Kurata M, Lebedev A, Löhner H, Luquin L, Mahapatra DP, Manko V, Martin M, Martínez G, Maximov A, Miake Y, Mishra GC, Mohanty B, Mora MJ, Morrison D, Moukhanova T, Mukhopadhyay DS, Naef H, Nandi BK, Nayak SK, Nayak TK, Nianine A, Nikitine V, Nikolaev S, Nilsson P, Nishimura S, Nomokonov P, Nystrand J, Oskarsson A, Otterlund I, Peitzmann T, Peressounko D, Petracek V, Phatak SC, Pinganaud W, Plasil F, Purschke ML, Rak J, Raniwala R, Raniwala S, Rao NK, Retiere F, Reygers K, Roland G, Rosselet L, Roufanov I, Roy C, Rubio JM, Sambyal SS, Santo R, Sato S, Schlagheck H, Schmidt HR, Schutz Y, Shabratova G, Shah TH, Sibiriak I, Siemiarczuk T, Silvermyr D, Sinha BC, Slavine N, Söderström K, Sood G, Sørensen SP, Stankus P, Stefanek G, Steinberg P, Stenlund E, Sumbera M, Svensson T, Tsvetkov A, Tykarski L, v d Pijll EC, von Eijndhoven N, von Nieuwenhuizen GJ, Vinogradov A, Viyogi YP, Vodopianov A, Vörös S, Wysłouch B, Young GR. Interferometry of direct photons in central 208Pb + 208Pb collisions at 158A GeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 93:022301. [PMID: 15323905 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.022301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Two-particle correlations of direct photons were measured in central 208Pb+208Pb collisions at 158A GeV. The invariant interferometric radii were extracted for 100<K(T)<300 MeV/c and compared to radii extracted from charged pion correlations. The yield of soft direct photons, K(T)<300 MeV/c, was extracted from the correlation strength and compared to theoretical calculations.
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Smith AJ, Morrison D, Robertson D, Tang MK, Al-Doori Z. Efficacy of oral hygiene products against MRSA and MSSA isolates. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003; 52:738-9. [PMID: 12917232 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkg394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Morrison D. Notes - Reduction of Fluorenonecarboxylic Acids to Fluorenecarboxylic Acids. J Org Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jo01105a600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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