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Keshtgar M, Tobias J, Vaidya J, Stacey C, Corica T, Joseph D, Keller A, Wenz F, Williams N, Baum M. 248 Single dose intra-operative radiotherapy for breast cancer patients where external beam radiation was not feasible – results after 3 years of follow-up. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)70274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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77
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Taaffe D, Galvao D, Spry N, Joseph D, Newton R. Increased prevalence of sarcopenia in men taking androgen suppression treatment for prostate cancer. J Sci Med Sport 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2009.10.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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78
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Galvao D, Taaffe D, Spry N, Joseph D, Newton R. Effects of combined resistance and aerobic exercise in hypogonadal prostate cancer patients: A randomized controlled trial. J Sci Med Sport 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2009.10.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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79
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Povsic TJ, Henry T, Taussig A, Kereiakis D, Fortuin FD, Niederman A, Schatz R, Spencer R, Owens D, Banks M, Joseph D, Roberts R, O'Connor CM, Sherman W. MARVEL-1; A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter Study to Assess The Safety And Cardiovascular Effects of Myocell™ Implantation by a Catheter Delivery System in Congestive Heart Failure Patients Post Myocardial Infarction(s). J Card Fail 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2009.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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80
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Gilligan P, Joseph D, Winder S, Keeffe FO, Oladipo O, Ayodele T, Asuquo Q, O'Kelly P, Hegarty D. DNW--"Did Not Wait" or "Demographic Needing Work": a study of the profile of patients who did not wait to be seen in an Irish emergency department. Emerg Med J 2009; 26:780-2. [PMID: 19850798 DOI: 10.1136/emj.2008.063388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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81
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Gangadhar G, Joseph D, Srinivasan A, Subramanian D, Shivakeshavan R, Shobana N, Chakravarthy V. A computational model of Parkinsonian handwriting that highlights the role of the indirect pathway in the basal ganglia. Hum Mov Sci 2009; 28:602-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2009.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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82
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McGowan R, Tucker P, Joseph D, Wallace AM, Hughes I, Burrows NP, Ahmed SF. Short‐term growth and bone turnover in children undergoing occlusive steroid (‘Wet‐Wrap’) dressings for treatment of atopic eczema. J DERMATOL TREAT 2009; 14:149-52. [PMID: 14522624 DOI: 10.1080/09546630310004207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To assess the effects of steroid wet-wrap therapy on short-term growth and bone turnover, eight prepubertal (M:F,5:3) children with a median age of 5.1years (range 3.3-8.8) were studied over a 2-week period prior to therapy and at 2-week intervals during therapy. Short-term growth was assessed by measuring lower leg length velocity (LLLV) by knemometry and bone and collagen turnover was assessed by urinary deoxypyridinoline crosslink excretion corrected for creatinine excretion (DPD). Median duration of study during occlusive dressings was 12 weeks (range 2-18). Topical beclomethasone dipropionate diluted 1:10 or 1:4 in white soft paraffin was applied under tubular (Tubifast) bandages in 7/8 children. Median LLLV before and during therapy were 0.43 mm/week (10(th),90(th) centile; 0.0,0.7) and 0.42 mm/week (10(th),90(th) centile; -0.35,1.01), respectively (not significant). Median DPD before and during therapy were 25.9 nmol/l/creatinine (10(th),90(th) centile; 20.8, 33.0) and 26.3 nmol/l/creatinine (10(th),90(th) centile; 21.7, 34.1) respectively (not significant). Non-invasive assessment of the effects of steroid wet-wrap therapy can be performed in children with eczema. These preliminary results show no substantial growth promoting or adverse effects of therapy.
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83
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Acharya C, Joseph D, Apte SK. Uranium sequestration by a marine cyanobacterium, Synechococcus elongatus strain BDU/75042. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:2176-2181. [PMID: 19070485 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Revised: 10/20/2008] [Accepted: 10/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A marine, unicellular cyanobacterium, Synechococcus elongatus strain BDU/75042 was found to sequester uranium from aqueous systems at pH 7.8. The organism could remove 72% (53.5 mg U g(-1) dry weight) of uranium from test solutions containing 100 microM uranyl carbonate within 1h. The equilibrium data fitted well in the Langmuir isotherm thus suggesting a monolayer adsorption of uranium on the cyanobacterial biomass and predicted the maximum adsorption capacity of 124 mg U g(-1) dry weight. Light and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectroscopy confirmed the uranyl adsorption by this organism. Most of the bound uranium was found to be associated with the extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) suggesting its interaction with the surface active ligands. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy suggested the amide groups and the deprotonated carboxyl groups on the cyanobacterial cell surface were likely to be involved in uranyl adsorption. The cell bound uranium could be released by washing with ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) or 0.1N HCl. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses revealed the identity of uranium deposits associated with the cell biomass as uranyl carbonate hydrate. The study revealed the potential of this cyanobacterium for harvesting uranium from natural aquatic environments.
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84
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Becker RC, Moliterno DJ, Jennings LK, Pieper KS, Pei J, Niederman A, Ziada KM, Berman G, Strony J, Joseph D, Mahaffey KW, Van de Werf F, Veltri E, Harrington RA. Safety and tolerability of SCH 530348 in patients undergoing non-urgent percutaneous coronary intervention: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II study. Lancet 2009; 373:919-28. [PMID: 19286091 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60230-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An antithrombotic drug is needed that safely reduces cardiovascular events in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We therefore assessed the tolerability and safety of SCH 530348-an oral platelet protease-activated receptor-1 antagonist. METHODS We randomly assigned patients aged 45 years or older and undergoing non-urgent PCI or coronary angiography with planned PCI to an oral loading dose of SCH 530348 (10 mg, 20 mg, or 40 mg) or matching placebo in a 3:1 ratio in a multicentre international study. Those in the SCH 530348 group who subsequently underwent PCI (primary PCI cohort) continued taking an oral maintenance dose (0.5 mg, 1.0 mg, or 2.5 mg per day), and patients in the placebo group continued placebo for 60 days. The primary endpoint was the incidence of clinically significant major or minor bleeding according to the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) scale. Both investigators and patients were unaware of treatment allocation. Analysis was by intention to treat. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00132912. FINDINGS 257 patients were assigned to placebo and 773 to SCH 530348. The primary endpoint occurred in 2 (2%) of 129, 3 (3%) of 120, and 7 (4%) of 173 patients, respectively, in the SCH 530348 10 mg, 20 mg, and 40 mg groups compared with 5 (3%) of 151 patients in the placebo group (p=0.5786). TIMI major plus minor bleeding occurred in 3 (2%) of 136, 5 (4%) of 139, and 4 (3%) of 138 patients given SCH 530348 0.5 mg, 1.0 mg, and 2.5 mg once per day, respectively (p=0.7561). INTERPRETATION Oral SCH 530348 was generally well tolerated and did not cause increased TIMI bleeding, even when administered concomitantly with aspirin and clopidogrel. Further testing in phase III trials to accurately define the safety and efficacy of SCH 530348 is warranted.
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Keshtgar M, Vaidya J, Keller A, Wenz F, Corica T, Joseph D, Stacey C, Tobias J, Williams N, Baum M. 0116 Intra-operative radiotherapy for breast cancer in patients where external beam radiation was not possible - results after 3 years of follow-up. Breast 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9776(09)70157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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86
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McKernan B, Bydder S, Ebert M, Waterhouse D, Joseph D. A simple and inexpensive method to routinely produce customized neck supports for patient immobilization during radiotherapy. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2008; 52:611-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1673.2008.02024.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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87
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Chan A, Hastrich D, Ingram D, Anderson J, Barham T, van der Schaaf A, Joseph D, Redfern A, Provis A, Willsher P. Final results of XRP6976D: Preoperative TAC (docetaxel, doxorubicin, cyclophsophamide) in conjunction with the development of a standard protocol for the management of locally advanced breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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88
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Vaidya JS, Baum M, Tobias JS, Massarut S, Wenz FK, Hilaris B, Corica T, Kraus-Tiefenbacher U, Roncadin M, Keshtgar M, Saunders C, Joseph D. Efficacy of targeted intraoperative radiotherapy (Targit) boost after breast-conserving surgery: Updated results. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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89
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Soong R, Shah N, Salto-Tellez M, Tai BC, Soo RA, Han HC, Ng SS, Tan WL, Zeps N, Joseph D, Diasio RB, Iacopetta B. Prognostic significance of thymidylate synthase, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and thymidine phosphorylase protein expression in colorectal cancer patients treated with or without 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 2008; 19:915-9. [PMID: 18245778 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdm599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low tumour expression levels of thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and thymidine phosphorylase (TP) have been linked with improved outcome for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). It is unclear whether this occurs because such tumours have better prognosis or they are more sensitive to 5-FU treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS Associations between TS, DPD and TP levels, determined by tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry, and survival was evaluated in 945 CRC patients according to treatment status. RESULTS Low TS and DPD expression associated with worse prognosis in stage II [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.09-2.63) and HR = 1.92 (95% CI 1.23-2.94), respectively] and stage III CRC patients treated by surgery alone [HR = 1.39 (95% CI 0.92-2.13) and HR = 1.49 (95% CI 1.02-2.17), respectively]. Low TS, DPD and TP associated with trends for better outcome in stage III patients treated with 5-FU [HR = 0.81 (95% CI 0.49-1.33), HR = 0.70 (95% CI 0.42-1.15) and HR = 0.66 (95% CI 0.39-1.12), respectively]. CONCLUSION Low TS and DPD expression are prognostic for worse outcome in CRC patients treated by surgery alone, whereas low TS, DPD and TP expression are prognostic for better outcome in patients treated with 5-FU chemotherapy. These results provide indirect evidence that low TS, DPD and TP protein expression are predictive of good response to 5-FU chemotherapy.
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90
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Goldberg DR, Choi Y, Cogan D, Corson M, DeLeon R, Gao A, Gruenbaum L, Hao MH, Joseph D, Kashem MA, Miller C, Moss N, Netherton MR, Pargellis CP, Pelletier J, Sellati R, Skow D, Torcellini C, Tseng YC, Wang J, Wasti R, Werneburg B, Wu JP, Xiong Z. Pyrazinoindolone inhibitors of MAPKAP-K2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 18:938-41. [PMID: 18221871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2007] [Revised: 12/16/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of pyrazinoindolone inhibitors of MAPKAP-K2 (MK2) provides a reasonable balance of cellular potency and physicochemical properties. Mechanistic studies support the inhibition of MK2 which is responsible for the sub-micromolar cellular efficacy.
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91
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Xavier-Elsas P, Santos-Maximiano E, Queto T, Mendonça-Sales S, Joseph D, Gaspar-Elsas MIC, Vargaftig BB. Ectopic lung transplantation induces the accumulation of eosinophil progenitors in the recipients' lungs through an allergen- and interleukin-5-dependent mechanism. Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 37:29-38. [PMID: 17210039 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2006.02623.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway challenge of ovalbumin-sensitized mice induces intrapulmonary accumulation of eosinophil progenitors. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether allergen-challenged lungs release factors promoting intrapulmonary accumulation of haemopoietic cells, and define the role of allergic lung injury, we developed a transplantation model. METHODS Lung tissue from allergen-challenged, sensitized donors was ectopically grafted in syngeneic recipients, and haemopoietic progenitors inside the lungs of the recipients were quantified. RESULTS In BALB/c mice, accumulation of progenitors occurred only when: (a) donors were sensitized and airway challenged with homologous allergen; (b) and recipients were sensitized. Grafts from the appropriate donors released biologically active IL-5, which was effective in sensitized recipients. The effect of the appropriate donor-recipient combination was prevented by neutralizing anti-IL-5 antibody. Grafts from unchallenged, sensitized donors synergized with recombinant IL-5 in sensitized recipients. Unlike BALB/c, grafts from naïve IL-5 transgenic CBA/Ca mice (whose lungs contained a large number of progenitors, independently of sensitization and challenge) were effective in non-transgenic, ovalbumin-sensitized recipients. CONCLUSION This shows that: (a) intrapulmonary accumulation of progenitors is independent of immunological injury; (b) grafts systemically release IL-5, which is required for progenitor accumulation in the recipients' lungs; (c) and sensitization is required for full responsiveness to IL-5 and for generation of lung-derived signals that synergize with IL-5.
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92
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Denham J, Joseph D, Lamb D, Tai K, Turner S, Matthews J, Greer P, Bill D, Gleeson P, Steigler A. 4003 ORAL Reasons for initial PSA (iPSA) and biochemical failure (BF) being poor predictors of prostate cancer (PC) mortality. EJC Suppl 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(07)71071-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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93
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Norian J, Malik M, Joseph D, Payson M, Segars J, Catherino W. Glycosaminoglycan expression in versican variants is tightly regulated by TGF-β3 in leiomyoma cells. Fertil Steril 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.07.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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94
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Vanevski K, Malik M, Joseph D, Payson M, Catherino W. Leiomyomas from hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) are highly dependent upon glycolysis for energy homeostasis. Fertil Steril 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.07.744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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95
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Ngan S, Fisher R, Mackay J, Solomon M, Burmeister B, Goldstein D, Schache D, Joseph D, Ackland S, McClure B. 3008 ORAL Acute adverse events in a randomised trial of short course versus long course preoperative radiotherapy for T3 adenocarcinoma of rectum: a Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group trial (TROG 01.04). EJC Suppl 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(07)70936-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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96
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Clayforth C, Fritschi L, McEvoy SP, Byrne MJ, Ingram D, Sterrett G, Harvey JM, Joseph D, Jamrozik K. Five-year survival from breast cancer in Western Australia over a decade. Breast 2007; 16:375-81. [PMID: 17448661 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2007.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2006] [Revised: 01/18/2007] [Accepted: 01/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether 5-year survival of patients with breast cancer in Western Australia has improved over time. We used a population-based study conducted in the State of Western Australia, to identify all cases of invasive breast cancer cases diagnosed in 1989, 1994 and 1999. Information on presentation, investigation and management was extracted from medical records of each case and status at 5 years after date of diagnosis was determined. Comparison of 5-year overall survival for women diagnosed in the three calendar years, and hazard ratios for survival calculated for prognostic variables were measured. We found that survival from breast cancer has improved in Western Australia since 1989. Earlier diagnosis, living in the Perth metropolitan area and use of breast-conserving surgery are associated with better survival, irrespective of year of diagnosis. Further research needs to be carried out to determine the reason for this improvement.
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Pendlebury SC, Duric V, Joseph D, Rodger A, Rodger A, Taylor K, Hedges R, Corica T, Smith R, Stockler M. Patients’ preferences for adjuvant radiation therapy in early breast cancers. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.11083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
11083 Background: Adjuvant radiation therapy (ART) reduces the risk of local recurrence in women with breast cancers. In good prognosis tumours in older women the absolute benefits are small. The aim of this study is to determine the smallest improvement in local recurrence rates that women would consider sufficient to make their adjuvant therapy worthwhile. Methods: 95 women who had completed ART 2–4 years earlier for T1N0M0 breast cancers had their preferences elicited by 1 of 3 interviewers. Women were presented 3 sets of hypothetical scenarios about the risks of recurrence with and without radiation using baseline risks of 5%, 10%,and 20%without ART. The order scenarios were presented was allocated randomly. Results: The women’s median age was 63 years 54% had dependants, and 58% travelled 20km or less to their ART centre. A 1% reduction in risk of local recurrence was judged sufficient to to make ART worthwhile by 77% of the women. More than half the women judged ART worthwhile even if it conferred no benefit. 3–8% of the women judged even the maximum possible benefits insufficient to make ART worthwhile. Women’s preferences were almost identical for all 3 scenarios(Spearman’s rank correlations of 0.89 to 0.94). Preferences were unaffected by the order of scenario presentation, interviewer, participants age, cancer recurrence prior to interview,support during ART, dependants, distance to travel to ART, or time since completing ART. Conclusions: Most women judged small benefits in local recurrence sufficient to make ART worthwhile. Many women judged negligible benefits sufficient suggesting the importance of considerations other than the trade-off between direct benefits and harms. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Kaminski A, Joseph D, Elsaleh H. Differences in toxicity across gender in patients treated with chemoradiation for rectal cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 51:283-8. [PMID: 17504322 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1673.2007.01731.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The primary objective was to prospectively investigate the efficacy and toxicity of bolus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy compared with the infusional 5-FU in combination with preoperative radiation in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Furthermore, in light of previous reports, toxicity profiles between men and women were also compared. Eighty-four consecutive patients with rectal adenocarcinoma were prospectively treated. There were no differences in tumour response, local recurrence or survival between bolus versus infusional groups or gender groups. In locally advanced rectal cancer, preoperative infusional chemotherapy combined with radiation was found to be less toxic than bolus chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Both regimens produced more toxic effects in women compared with men.
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Chan A, Willsher P, Joseph D, Hastrich D, Ingram D, Latham B, Redfern A, Anderson J, Thomson J, van der Schaaf A. P136 Preoperative TAC (docetaxel, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide) in conjunction with the development of a standard protocol for the management of locally advanced breast cancer. Breast 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9776(07)70196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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100
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Takemura K, Kahdre M, Joseph D, Yousef A, Sreevatsan S. An overview of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Anim Health Res Rev 2007; 5:103-24. [PMID: 15984319 DOI: 10.1079/ahr200494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTransmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are fatal neurodegenerative disorders of humans and animals associated with an accumulation of abnormal isoforms of prion protein (PrP) in nerve cells. The pathogenesis of TSEs involves conformational conversions of normal cellular PrP (PrPc) to abnormal isoforms of PrP (PrPSc). While the protein-only hypothesis has been widely accepted as a causal mechanism of prion diseases, evidence from more recent research suggests a possible involvement of other cellular component(s) or as yet undefined infectious agent(s) in PrP pathogenesis. Although the underlying mechanisms of PrP strain variation and the determinants of interspecies transmissibility have not been fully elucidated, biochemical and molecular findings indicate that bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle and new-variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease in humans are caused by indistinguishable etiological agent(s). Cumulative evidence suggests that there may be risks of humans acquiring TSEs via a variety of exposures to infected material. The development of highly precise ligands is warranted to detect and differentiate strains, allelic variants and infectious isoforms of these PrPs. This article describes the general features of TSEs and PrP, the current understanding of their pathogenesis, recent advances in prion disease diagnostics, and PrP inactivation.
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