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Azizi E, Gazori T, Fouladdel S, Harririan I, Nomani A. Evaluation of cytotoxicity of chitosan/alginate nanoparticles to encapsulate antisense oligonucleotides for inhibition of EGFR expression in breast cancer T47D cell line. Toxicol Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Fouladdel S, Azizi E, Rahimi H, Ostad S. Determination of the Expression of COX II and Aromatase Protein in Parent and Tamoxifen-resistant Subline of Human Breast Cancer T47D Cells. INT J PHARMACOL 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2011.710.715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Fouladdel S, Khorashadizadeh M, Azizi E. Antiproliferative effects, apoptosis induction and cell cycle alterations by trail and Berberin in MCF7 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cell lines. Toxicol Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Azizi E, Shokri N, Fouladdel S, Akbari H. Evaluation of in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo biodistribution of poly caprolactone fumarat nanoparticles containing doxorubicin or Dir. Toxicol Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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80
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Azizi E, Rezaei PF, Fouladdel S. Cell cycle alterations, apoptosis induction and caspase activation in breast cancer T47D cells treated with Baneh extract or doxorubicin. Toxicol Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Shokri N, Akbari Javar H, Fouladdel S, Khalaj A, Khoshayand MR, Dinarvand R, Atyabi F, Nomani A, Azizi E. Preparation and evaluation of poly (caprolactone fumarate) nanoparticles containing doxorubicin HCI. Daru 2011; 19:12-22. [PMID: 22615635 PMCID: PMC3232073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Biodegradable Poly(caprolactone fumarate) (PCLF) has been used as bioresorbable sutures. In this study, doxorubicin HCl (Dox) loaded PCLF nanoparticles were prepared and characterized. MATERIAL AND METHODS PCLFs were synthesized by polycondensation of PCL diols (Mws of 530, 1250 and 2000) with fumaryl chloride. The degradation of PCLF in NaOH, water and phosphate buffer saline (PBS), was determined in terms of changes in Mw. Nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by two methods. In microemulsion polymerization method, dichloromethane containing PCLF and photoinitiator were combined with the water containing surfactants and then the mixture was placed under light for crosslinking. In nanoprecipitation method, the organic solvent containing PCLF was poured into the stirring water. The effect of several variables including concentration of PCLF, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Dox and Trypan blue (Trb) and the Mw of PCLF and PVA on NP size and loading were evaluated. RESULT PCLF 530, 1250 and 2000 in PBS or water were not degraded over 28 days. Nanoprecipitaion method gave spherical (revealed by SEM images) stable NPs of about 225 with narrow size distribution and a zeta potential of -43 mV. The size of NP increased significantly by increase in Mw or concentration of PCLF. Although PVA was not necessary for formation of NPs, but it decreased with NP size. Dox loading and EE were 2.5-6.8% and 15-20%, respectively. Increasing the drug concentration increased the drug loading (DL) and NP size. The entrapment efficiency (EE) for Trb ranged from 1% for PCLF530 to 6% for PCLF2000. An increase in PCLF concentration resulted in an increase in EE. Dox and Trb release showed a burst followed by 80% and 78% release during 3 and 4 days respectively. CONCLUSION PCLF possessed suitable characteristics for preparation of nanoparticulate drug delivery system such as desired NP size, stability and degradation time. Although PCLF530 NPs were the smallest, but their DL were lower than PCLF1250 and 2000 NPs.
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Demenais F, Mohamdi H, Chaudru V, Goldstein AM, Newton Bishop JA, Bishop DT, Kanetsky PA, Hayward NK, Gillanders E, Elder DE, Avril MF, Azizi E, van Belle P, Bergman W, Bianchi-Scarrà G, Bressac-de Paillerets B, Calista D, Carrera C, Hansson J, Harland M, Hogg D, Höiom V, Holland EA, Ingvar C, Landi MT, Lang JM, Mackie RM, Mann GJ, Ming ME, Njauw CJ, Olsson H, Palmer J, Pastorino L, Puig S, Randerson-Moor J, Stark M, Tsao H, Tucker MA, van der Velden P, Yang XR, Gruis N. Association of MC1R variants and host phenotypes with melanoma risk in CDKN2A mutation carriers: a GenoMEL study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2010; 102:1568-83. [PMID: 20876876 PMCID: PMC2957428 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djq363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Carrying the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) germline mutations is associated with a high risk for melanoma. Penetrance of CDKN2A mutations is modified by pigmentation characteristics, nevus phenotypes, and some variants of the melanocortin-1 receptor gene (MC1R), which is known to have a role in the pigmentation process. However, investigation of the associations of both MC1R variants and host phenotypes with melanoma risk has been limited. Methods We included 815 CDKN2A mutation carriers (473 affected, and 342 unaffected, with melanoma) from 186 families from 15 centers in Europe, North America, and Australia who participated in the Melanoma Genetics Consortium. In this family-based study, we assessed the associations of the four most frequent MC1R variants (V60L, V92M, R151C, and R160W) and the number of variants (1, ≥2 variants), alone or jointly with the host phenotypes (hair color, propensity to sunburn, and number of nevi), with melanoma risk in CDKN2A mutation carriers. These associations were estimated and tested using generalized estimating equations. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results Carrying any one of the four most frequent MC1R variants (V60L, V92M, R151C, R160W) in CDKN2A mutation carriers was associated with a statistically significantly increased risk for melanoma across all continents (1.24 × 10−6 ≤ P ≤ .0007). A consistent pattern of increase in melanoma risk was also associated with increase in number of MC1R variants. The risk of melanoma associated with at least two MC1R variants was 2.6-fold higher than the risk associated with only one variant (odds ratio = 5.83 [95% confidence interval = 3.60 to 9.46] vs 2.25 [95% confidence interval = 1.44 to 3.52]; Ptrend = 1.86 × 10−8). The joint analysis of MC1R variants and host phenotypes showed statistically significant associations of melanoma risk, together with MC1R variants (.0001 ≤ P ≤ .04), hair color (.006 ≤ P ≤ .06), and number of nevi (6.9 × 10−6 ≤ P ≤ .02). Conclusion Results show that MC1R variants, hair color, and number of nevi were jointly associated with melanoma risk in CDKN2A mutation carriers. This joint association may have important consequences for risk assessments in familial settings.
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Azizi E, Namazi A, Kaabinejadian S, Fouladdel S, Rezaei P, Ramezani M. Molecular analysis of MEN1 expression in MCF7, T47D and MDA-MB 468 breast cancer cell lines treated with adriamycin using RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. Daru 2010; 18:17-22. [PMID: 22615588 PMCID: PMC3232087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Revised: 02/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY MEN1 is an important tumor suppressor gene that encodes a nuclear protein called menin. Recent data suggest that interactions between menin and other proteins have important roles in control of the cell cycle and apoptosis. In addition, estrogen receptor (ER), an important prognostic factor is differentially expressed in breast cancer cells. In this study the MEN1 gene and protein expression in MCF7, T47D and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cell lines with different ER status following exposure to adriamycin (ADR) was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytotoxicity of ADR on these cell lines was determined using MTT assay. The mRNA and protein levels were analyzed in tested cell lines using RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry (ICC) assays, respectively. RESULTS ADR cytotoxicity was highest on MDA-MB-468 and lowest on MCF7 cells. MEN1 mRNA showed significant decrease after ADR exposure only in the MDA-MB-468 cell line. Menin protein expression was higher in MDA-MB-468 and lower in MCF7 cells. CONCLUSION Differential molecular responses to adriamycin were observed in cancer cell lines. Molecular data also suggest that MEN1 as a new biomarker can be used in combination with current biomarkers for prediction of response to chemotherapy.
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Sadeghi Hashjin G, Najafpour A, Azizi E. Effects of nitric oxide (NO) on thiopental-induced general anesthesia in the mouse. Eur J Integr Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2008.08.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kaabinejad S, Fouladdel S, Ramezani M, Azizi E. p53 Expression in MCF7, T47D and MDA-MB 468 Breast Cancer Cell Lines Treated with Adriamycin Using RT-PCR and Immunocytochemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2008.380.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Bazargan L, Fouladdel S, Shafiee A, Amini M, Ghaffari SM, Azizi E. Evaluation of anticancer effects of newly synthesized dihydropyridine derivatives in comparison to verapamil and doxorubicin on T47D parental and resistant cell lines in vitro. Cell Biol Toxicol 2007; 24:165-74. [PMID: 17805981 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-007-9026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2006] [Accepted: 05/24/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Failure of current anticancer drugs mandates screening for new compounds of synthetic or biological origin to be used in cancer therapy. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the main obstacles in the chemotherapy of cancer. Efflux of cytotoxic agents mediated by P-glycoprotein (P-gp or MDR1) is believed to be an important mechanism of multidrug resistance. Therefore, we decided to investigate the antiproliferative effects of seven newly synthesized 1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP) derivatives in comparison to verapamil (VP) and doxorubicin (DOX) on human breast cancer T47D cells and its MDR1 overexpressed and moderately resistant cells (RS cells) using MTT cytotoxicity assay. We also examined the effects of these compounds on cytotoxicity of DOX in these two cell types. The cytotoxicity assays using MTT showed that most of the tested new DHP derivatives and VP at 10 microM concentration had varying levels of toxicity on both T47D and RS cells. The toxicity was mostly in the range of 10-25%. However, the cytotoxicity of these DHP derivatives, similar to VP, was significantly less than DOX when comparing IC(50) values. Furthermore, these compounds in general had relatively more cytotoxicity on T47D vs RS cells at 10-microM concentration. Among new DHPs, compounds 7a (3,5-dibenzoyl-4-(2-methylthiazol-4-yl)-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethylpyridine) and 7d (3,5-diacetyl-4-[2-(2-chlorophenyl)thiazol-4-yl)]-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethylpyridine) showed noticeable potentiation of DOX cytotoxicity (reduction of DOX IC(50)) compared to DOX alone in both cells, particularly in RS cells. This effect was similar to that of VP, a known prototype of MDR1 reversal agent. In other words, compounds 7a and 7d resensitized RS cells to DOX or reversed their resistance. Results indicate that compound 7d exerts highest effect on RS cells. Therefore, these two newly synthesized DHP derivatives, compounds 7a and 7d, are promising as potential new MDR1 reversal agents and should be further studied on other highly resistant cells due to MDR1 overexpression and with further molecular investigation.
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Hamama-Raz Y, Solomon Z, Schachter J, Azizi E. Objective and subjective stressors and the psychological adjustment of melanoma survivors. Psychooncology 2007; 16:287-94. [PMID: 16858669 DOI: 10.1002/pon.1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study of 300 melanoma survivors examines the relative contributions of objective illness-related factors (stage of illness at diagnosis, time since diagnosis, and change in physical condition) and of subjective factors (cognitive appraisal) to their psychological adjustment. The findings show that lower appraisal of their situation as a threat, higher appraisal of it as a challenge, and higher appraisal of their subjective ability to cope with it all increased their well-being, while lower threat appraisal and higher appraisal of subjective ability to cope also reduced their distress. These findings, which are consistent with Lazarus and Folkman's stress coping theory, suggest that subjective factors may be more important than objective medical factors in predicting patients' adjustment. With this, more advanced stage at diagnosis contributed to reducing distress, while being married contributed both to higher well-being and reduced distress.
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Baum S, Scope A, Barzilai A, Azizi E, Trau H. The role of IVIg treatment in severe pemphigus vulgaris. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2006; 20:548-52. [PMID: 16684282 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2006.01540.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) has become a part of the treatment armentarium in pemphigus vulgaris (PV). Some consider IVIg as an adjuvant steroid sparing agent in PV, while others as disease modifying that can be used as monotherapy. METHODS We report our experience with a series of 12 PV patients with severe disease treated with IVIg as an adjuvant therapy. RESULTS Ten of 12 patients (83%) showed response to six cycles of IVIg, six (50%) having complete remission and four (33%) having a partial response. This response rate is concordant with previous reports. The therapy was well tolerated. In all 12 patients, treatment with IVIg allowed a gradual reduction of prednisone dose compared with baseline levels. CONCLUSION IVIg treatment was beneficial as a steroid sparing agent in our series of patients with severe PV.
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Marian C, Scope A, Laud K, Friedman E, Pavlotsky F, Yakobson E, Bressac-de Paillerets B, Azizi E. Search for germline alterations in CDKN2A/ARF and CDK4 of 42 Jewish melanoma families with or without neural system tumours. Br J Cancer 2005; 92:2278-85. [PMID: 15928671 PMCID: PMC2361801 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in the inherited predisposition to melanoma and associated neural system tumours, 42 Jewish, mainly Ashkenazi, melanoma families with or without neural system tumours were genotyped for germline point mutations and genomic deletions at the CDKN2A/ARF and CDK4 loci. CDKN2A/ARF deletion detection was performed using D9S1748, an intragenic microsatellite marker. Allele dosage at the p14ARF locus was analysed by quantitative real-time PCR employing a TaqMan probe that anneals specifically to exon 1β of the p14ARF gene. For detecting point mutations, dHPLC and direct sequencing of the coding sequences of CDKN2A/ARF and CDK4 was used. No germline alterations in any of the tested genes were detected among the families under study. We conclude that in the majority of Ashkenazi Jewish families, the genes tested are unlikely to be implicated in the predisposition to melanoma and associated neural system tumours.
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Scope A, Friedman E, Azizi E. A familial syndromic association between cutaneous malignant melanoma and neural system tumours. Br J Dermatol 2004; 151:1278-9; author reply 1279. [PMID: 15606533 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06292.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Neishabouri EZ, Hassan ZM, Azizi E, Ostad SN. Evaluation of immunotoxicity induced by diazinon in C57bl/6 mice. Toxicology 2004; 196:173-9. [PMID: 15036744 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2003.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2003] [Accepted: 08/28/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diazinon (DZN), an organophosphate insecticide, has been used in agriculture for several years. It is possible the residue of this compound to be recycled in the biological system. There is no report on DZN immunotoxicity potential. In the present study, we examined the immunotoxic effects of intraperitoneally administered DZN in the C57bl/6 female mice. Diazinon was administered at doses of 25, 2, and 0.2 mg/kg for 28 days (five injections per week). Animals were then sacrificed to observe the cellularity or histopathological changes in thymus, spleen, bone marrow, and peripheral blood. Furthermore, humoral and cellular functional responses such as Hemagglutination titration (HA), IgM-Plaque Forming Colony Assay (PFC), Delayed-Type-Hypersensitivity (DTH) to SRBC, and T cell subtyping (CD4/CD8) were determined. The results showed that DZN at 25 mg/kg not only could produce gross histopathological changes in thymus and spleen but also could suppress both humoral and cellular activity of the immune system. At lower doses (0.2 and 2 mg/kg) there were no observable alteration in cellularity or histology of immune tissues. However, DZN at medium dose (2 mg/kg per day) could inhibit RBC-cholinesterase and showed a mild decrease (P < 0.1) in thymus/body-weight ratio and DTH response. At dose of 0.2 mg/kg no histopathological or functional disturbances were detectable. These results indicate that DZN has immunosuppressive effects in the C57bl/6 mice at doses more than 2 mg/kg. The present results however indicate that under recommended Allowed Daily Intake (ADI) limit (<0.02 mg/kg), no observable immunotoxicity effect is expected.
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Azizi E, Arbabi S, Minaee B, Ghahremani M, Ostad S, Jamali M. P30 Evaluation of thymidylate synthase (TS) and thymidine phosphorylase (TP) expressions in Iranian esophageal cancer patients. EJC Suppl 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(04)90147-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Azizi E, Minaee B, Ghahremani M, Ostad S, Jamali M. P29 Immunohistochemical analysis of thymidylate synthase (TS) and thymidine phosphorylase (TP) in esophageal cancer patients. EJC Suppl 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(04)90146-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Islami H, Shabani R, Rama A, Disba M, Dida B, Azizi E. [In vitro effects of acetylcholine, dopamine, histamine and serotonin on tracheal smooth muscle response during hypersecretion and normal secretion of tracheal glands]. MEDICINSKI ARHIV 2003; 57:67-70. [PMID: 12822376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
It is expressed in vitro answer of the soft musculature of the tracheobronchial system of the newborns from 12 to 18 weeks of the gestation, with the hypersecretion and normosecretin of the tracheal gland. On 30 tracheal preparations taken by autopsy' of the dead children, was followed-up the answer of the tracheal soft musculature (SMT) on acetylcholine, dopamine, histamine and serotonine in the concentrations from 110(-4), 10(-3), 10(-2), 10(-1) M/L. The results illustrate that acetylcholyne, and histamine in the mentioned concentrations provoked the statistically significant answers of GMT with the hypersecretion and normosecretion of the tracheal glands (p < 0.01). On the contrary, dopamine and serotonine have not provoked statistically significant answers of these structures (p > 0.1), what illustrates that also dopaminergic and serotoninergic receptors at tracheobronchila system are not sufficient developed in this age of life. The answers of the tracheal-bronchial rings with hypersection of the tracheal glands a little more emphasized than the answers with normosecretion of the glands, but this difference is not statistically significant (p > 0.1).
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Heim M, Wershavski M, Azizi E, Siev-Ner I, Azaria M. Rehabilitation considerations of prosthetic fittings for Kaposi's sarcoma amputees. Disabil Rehabil 2000; 22:734-6. [PMID: 11117593 DOI: 10.1080/09638280050192007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We report on cutaneous limb manifestations of Kaposi's sarcoma and the secondary infection of these lesions that necessitated five lower-limb amputations. METHOD The cases are briefly described and prosthetic adaptations in respect to pressure, traction and sweating on the skin are considered. RESULTS All four patients ambulated initially; one lady died, the double amputee stopped walking owing to the excessive physical demand, and two patients ambulate freely. CONCLUSION Special considerations to the cutaneous/prosthesis interface are necessary in order to provide these patients with optimal ambulatory ability.
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Azizi E, Iscovich J, Pavlotsky F, Shafir R, Luria I, Federenko L, Fuchs Z, Milman V, Gur E, Farbstein H, Tal O. Use of sunscreen is linked with elevated naevi counts in Israeli school children and adolescents. Melanoma Res 2000; 10:491-8. [PMID: 11095411 DOI: 10.1097/00008390-200010000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence indicates that a fair complexion and exposure to solar radiation in early years contribute to the proliferation of naevi and subsequent melanoma risk. To determine whether protection from sunlight is associated with lower naevi counts, we examined the prevalence and risk factors of naevi in a sample of Israeli school pupils. Whole body counts of naevi were recorded in 974 out of 1312 (74.2%) recruited pupils (7 and 12 year olds) from Ramat-Gan and Jerusalem. Host characteristics and habits of sun exposure were obtained using questionnaires. In each age group and geographic area, the mean whole body naevi counts, adjusted for confounders, were higher among males, pupils of European-American descent, and those susceptible to sunburn. The contributions to naevi risk of fair skin colour and frequent recreational sun exposure were higher among 7 year olds. Regular sunscreen use contributed to the naevi risk for both age strata in Ramat-Gan (at age 7, rate ratio [RR] = 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3-2.2; at age 12, RR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1-2.1). Among the younger age group in Ramat-Gan, even seldom compared with no use of sunscreen was associated with higher naevi counts (RR= 1.5, 95% CI = 1.2-2.0). Similar patterns were noted with the pupils from Jerusalem. In conclusion, the elevated naevi count with increased sunscreen use indicates that sunscreens apparently do not modify the genetic predisposition to naevi proliferation. For better protection of children and adolescents, including those who use sunscreens, from the naevogenic effect of solar radiation, they should be encouraged to limit their exposure and wear protective clothing when in the sun.
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Yakobson E, Shemesh P, Azizi E, Winkler E, Lassam N, Hogg D, Brookes S, Peters G, Lotem M, Zlotogorski A, Landau M, Safro M, Shafir R, Friedman E, Peretz H. Two p16 (CDKN2A) germline mutations in 30 Israeli melanoma families. Eur J Hum Genet 2000; 8:590-6. [PMID: 10951521 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline mutations in the p16 (CDKN2A) tumour suppressor gene have been linked to inherited predisposition to malignant melanoma (MM). Variable frequencies of p16 germline mutations were reported in different collections of melanoma families but it can be as high as 50%. Here we describe the results of p16 mutation screening in 30 melanoma kindreds in Israel. The entire coding region of the p16 gene, including exons 1, 2 and 3, flanking exon/intron junctions, and a portion of the 3' untranslated (UTR) region of the gene were examined by single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and direct sequencing. Two p16 germline mutations were identified: G101W, which has been previously observed in a number of melanoma kindreds, and G122V, a novel missense mutation. Thus, the frequency of mutations identified in this collection of Israeli families was 7%. Functional analysis indicated that the novel G122V variant retained some capacity to interact with cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) in vitro, yet it was significantly impaired in its ability to cause a G1 cell cycle arrest in human diploid fibroblasts. This partial loss of function is consistent with the predicted impact of G122V substitution on the 3-dimensional structure of the p16 protein.
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Azizi E, Flint P, Sadetzki S, Solomon A, Lerman Y, Harari G, Pavlotsky F, Kushelevsky A, Glesinger R, Shani E, Rosenberg L. A graded work site intervention program to improve sun protection and skin cancer awareness in outdoor workers in Israel. Cancer Causes Control 2000; 11:513-21. [PMID: 10880033 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008970224998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A graded worksite intervention program to improve sun protection and skin cancer awareness of outdoor workers was implemented and evaluated longitudinally over a period of 20 months. METHODS Outdoor male workers (144/213 recruits) from geographically separated units of the Israel National Water Company were allocated to complete (n = 37), partial (n = 72) or minimal (n = 35) intervention groups. Subsequent to the assignment and training of local safety officers, an educational and medical screening package was provided to the corresponding groups either once, or repeatedly a year later. Personal sun protective gear was provided upon repeated intervention. Outcome measures were evaluated through self-response questionnaires administered prior to the first intervention pulse, and 8 months after the first and second interventions. RESULTS A 15-61% improvement in sun-protection habits was noted in the entire study population 8 months after initialization, compared to no sunscreen use, 20% sun-exposed skin area and highest mean occupational exposure dose of 1.68 MED/day at pre-test. An even greater use of sunscreen was evident 1 year later in the complete and partial intervention groups, + 80% and + 52%, respectively. The baseline rate of self-examination of the skin in the same two groups (49%) increased significantly at post-test (+ 71% and + 53%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This integrated intervention program led to significantly improved sun protection and skin cancer awareness. Repeated intervention combined with the supply of sun-protective gear contributed to an even greater impact.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Kaposi sarcoma (KS) initially was described over a century ago, its biology remains enigmatic and conflicting. Whereas the classic type occurs mainly in older men of Mediterranean or Eastern European backgrounds and is not linked to impairment of the host immune response, iatrogenic and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated KS are linked to such conditions. A recently discovered pathogen, KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) (also known as human herpesvirus 8 [HHV8]), is found in tissues from all four forms of KS (classic, iatrogenic, endemic [African], and HIV-associated). This universal detection of KSHV/HHV8 suggests a central role for the virus in the development of KS and a common etiology for all KS types. The epidemiology and risk factors of classic KS, along with the biology of KSHV/HHV8 and the prevalence of the virus among different populations, is presented. METHODS The current review is based on multiple information sources, electronic health data in all languages from 1966 onward, and previously published scientific reports from the Americas, Europe, and Africa. RESULTS Nearly 5000 cases of morphologically characterized classic KS have been reported in Europe, Mediterranean countries, and the Americas up to 1998. Geographic location, ethnicity, time interval, age, and gender heavily influence the incidence rate of classic KS. The rate of incidence of nonacquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated KS correlates with the KSHV/HHV8 seroprevalence in the general population. CONCLUSIONS Many contributory factors undoubtedly have etiologic and pathogenic significance in the development of classic KS; however, the interplay between these factors has complicated the understanding of the induction and development of the disease as well as the significance of each factor. As with other cell-transforming human DNA viruses, infection with KSHV/HHV8 alone is not sufficient for the development of KS and additional cofactors are required.
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Azizi E, Schwaaf A, Lazarov A, Shifer O, Lublin A, Pavlotsky F, Trau H, Lusky A, Topaz M, Engelberg S, Broecker EB. Decreased density of epidermal dendritic cells in melanocytic naevi: the possible role of in vivo sun exposure. Melanoma Res 1999; 9:521-7. [PMID: 10596919 DOI: 10.1097/00008390-199910000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Melanocytic naevi are benign skin tumours that originate in the epidermis. The pathogenesis of naevi and cutaneous malignant melanoma has been linked to sun exposure. This study evaluates alterations in the density of immunologically active epidermal dendritic cells (EDCs) in naevi in response to sun exposure. Immunohistologically stained sections of 266 naevi from patients from Israel (n=135) and Germany (n=131) were evaluated. The proportion of naevi with decreased density of HLA-DR+ (dDR+) and CD1a+ (dCD1a+) EDCs was analysed according to country, last exposure to sunlight, anatomical location and histological subtype. The risk of dDR+ was found to be linked to residence in Israel compared with Germany (odds ratio [OR] = 4.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.0-8.9), suggesting a latitude-dependent effect. Naevi removed in summer had a higher risk of dCD1a+ (OR = 4.7; 95% CI = 2.3-9.8) compared with those removed in winter. The most conspicuous dDR+ among the German cases, and dCD1a+ among the Israelis, occurred in naevi located on commonly exposed skin. The similar densities of EDCs in the lesional and perilesional skin of the majority of the naevi indicates that the underlying naevus cells have no effect on EDC density. It is not unlikely that an altered immune response due to dDR+ and dCD1a+ in sun-exposed skin in the vicinity of naevi contributes to the subsequent melanoma risk in highly susceptible individuals.
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