76
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Gilbert E, Wahlquist AH. Deep Brain Stimulation Better Than Best Medical Therapy for Parkinson Disease. J Natl Med Assoc 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30926-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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77
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Gilbert E, Wahlquist AH. Elbow Extension Test Rules Out Fracture. J Natl Med Assoc 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30924-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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78
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Gilbert E, Wahlquist AH. Corticosteroids Not Recommended for Viral Wheeze in Ages 10 to 60 Months. J Natl Med Assoc 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30927-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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79
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Gilbert E. Manufacturer claims new tobacco product encourages harm reduction. CMAJ 2009; 180:E18. [DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.090438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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80
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Gilbert E, Wahlquist AH. Calcium Plus Vitamin D Equals Placebo in Preventing Breast Cancer (Women’s Health Initiatives). J Natl Med Assoc 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30869-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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81
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Gilbert E, Wahlquist AH. Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Antispasmodics, Peppermint Effective. J Natl Med Assoc 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30866-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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82
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Gilbert E, Wahlquist AH. High-Dose Statin Reduces Cardiac Events in Patients With High C-Reactive Protein (JUPITER). J Natl Med Assoc 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30867-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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83
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Gilbert E, Wahlquist AH. Ginkgo biloba Not Effective in Reducing Risk of Dementia. J Natl Med Assoc 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30868-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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84
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Gilbert E, Wahlquist AH. Testosterone Effective for Postmenopausal Low Libido, Safety Unknown. J Natl Med Assoc 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30865-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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85
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Gilbert E, Wahlquist AH. Antidepressants Only Modestly Effective for Adolescent Depression. J Natl Med Assoc 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30870-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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86
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Gilbert E. Failing grade for public-private partnership hospitals. CMAJ 2009; 180:380. [DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.090065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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87
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Manly D, Gilbert E. Briefly. CMAJ 2009. [DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.090015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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88
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Nativi J, Kfoury A, Myrick C, Peters M, Renlund D, Fisher P, Gilbert E, Bader F, Singhal A, Bull D, Everitt M, Stehlik J. 716: The Impact of 2006 United Network for Organ Sharing Thoracic Organ Allocation Policy Change: Mission Accomplished? J Heart Lung Transplant 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2008.11.723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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89
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Karabsheh S, Jain M, Sergerson N, Gilbert E, Stehlik J, Bader F. 367: Clinical and Hemodynamic Effects of Early Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System Blockade in Cardiac Transplant Recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2008.11.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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90
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Gilbert E, Wahlquist AH. Gallbladder Disease Less Common with Transdermal ERT. J Natl Med Assoc 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30798-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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91
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Gilbert E, Wahlquist AH. Varenicline, Bupropion, Nicotine Replacement All Effective for Smoking Cessation. J Natl Med Assoc 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30794-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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92
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Gilbert E, Wahlquist AH. Probiotics Decrease Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea in Children. J Natl Med Assoc 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30795-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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93
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Gilbert E, Wahlquist AH. Early = Delayed Oxytocin for Dysfunctional Labor. J Natl Med Assoc 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30799-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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94
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Gilbert E, Wahlquist AH. Infertility: Clomiphene = IUI = Just Keep Trying. J Natl Med Assoc 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30797-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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95
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Zhao J, Harper AF, Webb KE, Kuehn LA, Gilbert E, Xiao X, Wong EA. Cytokine mRNA Expression in the Small Intestine of Weanling Pigs Fed Diets Supplemented with Specialized Protein or Peptide Sources. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2008. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2008.80134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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96
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Belkasim S, Derado G, Aznita R, Gilbert E, O’Connell H. Multi-resolution border segmentation for measuring spatial heterogeneity of mixed population biofilm bacteria. Comput Med Imaging Graph 2008; 32:11-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2007.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2006] [Revised: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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97
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Howard R, Gilbert E, Lynch C, Hall P, Storm H, Pukkala E, Langmark F, Kaijser M, Andersson M, Joensuu H, Fossa S, Allan J, Travis L. Risk of Leukemia among Survivors of Testicular Cancer: A Population-Based Study of 40,576 Patients. Ann Epidemiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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98
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Vrijheid M, Cardis E, Ashmore P, Auvinen A, Bae JM, Engels H, Gilbert E, Gulis G, Habib R, Howe G, Kurtinaitis J, Malker H, Muirhead C, Richardson D, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Rogel A, Schubauer-Berigan M, Tardy H, Telle-Lamberton M, Usel M, Veress K. Mortality from diseases other than cancer following low doses of ionizing radiation: results from the 15-Country Study of nuclear industry workers. Int J Epidemiol 2007; 36:1126-35. [PMID: 17666424 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dym138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ionizing radiation at very high (radio-therapeutic) dose levels can cause diseases other than cancer, particularly heart diseases. There is increasing evidence that doses of the order of a few sievert (Sv) may also increase the risk of non-cancer diseases. It is not known, however, whether such effects also occur following the lower doses and dose rates of public health concern. METHODS We used data from an international (15-country) nuclear workers cohort study to evaluate whether mortality from diseases other than cancer is related to low doses of external ionizing radiation. Analyses included 275 312 workers with adequate information on socioeconomic status, over 4 million person-years of follow-up and an average cumulative radiation dose of 20.7 mSv; 11 255 workers had died of non-cancer diseases. RESULTS The excess relative risk (ERR) per Sv was 0.24 [95% CI (confidence intervals) -0.23, 0.78] for mortality from all non-cancer diseases and 0.09 (95% CI -0.43, 0.70) for circulatory diseases. Higher risk estimates were observed for mortality from respiratory and digestive diseases, but confidence intervals included zero. Increased risks were observed among the younger workers (attained age <50 years, identified post hoc) for all groupings of non-cancer causes of death, including external causes. It is unclear therefore whether these findings reflect real effects of radiation, random variation or residual confounding. CONCLUSIONS The most informative low-dose radiation study to date provides little evidence for a relationship between mortality from non-malignant diseases and radiation dose. However, we cannot rule out risks per unit dose of the same order of magnitude as found in studies at higher doses.
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99
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Cardis E, Vrijheid M, Blettner M, Gilbert E, Hakama M, Hill C, Howe G, Kaldor J, Muirhead CR, Schubauer-Berigan M, Yoshimura T, Bermann F, Cowper G, Fix J, Hacker C, Heinmiller B, Marshall M, Thierry-Chef I, Utterback D, Ahn YO, Amoros E, Ashmore P, Auvinen A, Bae JM, Bernar J, Biau A, Combalot E, Deboodt P, Diez Sacristan A, Eklöf M, Engels H, Engholm G, Gulis G, Habib RR, Holan K, Hyvonen H, Kerekes A, Kurtinaitis J, Malker H, Martuzzi M, Mastauskas A, Monnet A, Moser M, Pearce MS, Richardson DB, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Rogel A, Tardy H, Telle-Lamberton M, Turai I, Usel M, Veress K. The 15-Country Collaborative Study of Cancer Risk among Radiation Workers in the Nuclear Industry: estimates of radiation-related cancer risks. Radiat Res 2007; 167:396-416. [PMID: 17388693 DOI: 10.1667/rr0553.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2006] [Accepted: 11/02/2006] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A 15-Country collaborative cohort study was conducted to provide direct estimates of cancer risk following protracted low doses of ionizing radiation. Analyses included 407,391 nuclear industry workers monitored individually for external radiation and 5.2 million person-years of follow-up. A significant association was seen between radiation dose and all-cause mortality [excess relative risk (ERR) 0.42 per Sv, 90% CI 0.07, 0.79; 18,993 deaths]. This was mainly attributable to a dose-related increase in all cancer mortality (ERR/Sv 0.97, 90% CI 0.28, 1.77; 5233 deaths). Among 31 specific types of malignancies studied, a significant association was found for lung cancer (ERR/Sv 1.86, 90% CI 0.49, 3.63; 1457 deaths) and a borderline significant (P = 0.06) association for multiple myeloma (ERR/Sv 6.15, 90% CI <0, 20.6; 83 deaths) and ill-defined and secondary cancers (ERR/Sv 1.96, 90% CI -0.26, 5.90; 328 deaths). Stratification on duration of employment had a large effect on the ERR/Sv, reflecting a strong healthy worker survivor effect in these cohorts. This is the largest analytical epidemiological study of the effects of low-dose protracted exposures to ionizing radiation to date. Further studies will be important to better assess the role of tobacco and other occupational exposures in our risk estimates.
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100
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Vrijheid M, Cardis E, Blettner M, Gilbert E, Hakama M, Hill C, Howe G, Kaldor J, Muirhead CR, Schubauer-Berigan M, Yoshimura T, Ahn YO, Ashmore P, Auvinen A, Bae JM, Engels H, Gulis G, Habib RR, Hosoda Y, Kurtinaitis J, Malker H, Moser M, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Rogel A, Tardy H, Telle-Lamberton M, Turai I, Usel M, Veress K. The 15-Country Collaborative Study of Cancer Risk Among Radiation Workers in the Nuclear Industry: design, epidemiological methods and descriptive results. Radiat Res 2007; 167:361-79. [PMID: 17388694 DOI: 10.1667/rr0554.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2006] [Accepted: 09/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Radiation protection standards are based mainly on risk estimates from studies of atomic bomb survivors in Japan. The validity of extrapolations from the relatively high-dose acute exposures in this population to the low-dose, protracted or fractionated environmental and occupational exposures of primary public health concern has long been the subject of controversy. A collaborative retrospective cohort study was conducted to provide direct estimates of cancer risk after low-dose protracted exposures. The study included nearly 600,000 workers employed in 154 facilities in 15 countries. This paper describes the design, methods and results of descriptive analyses of the study. The main analyses included 407,391 nuclear industry workers employed for at least 1 year in a participating facility who were monitored individually for external radiation exposure and whose doses resulted predominantly from exposure to higher-energy photon radiation. The total duration of follow-up was 5,192,710 person-years. There were 24,158 deaths from all causes, including 6,734 deaths from cancer. The total collective dose was 7,892 Sv. The overall average cumulative recorded dose was 19.4 mSv. A strong healthy worker effect was observed in most countries. This study provides the largest body of direct evidence to date on the effects of low-dose protracted exposures to external photon radiation.
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