Comparison of quantitative 99mTc-HMPAO and 67Ga citrate lung scans in patients with active diffuse infiltrative lung disease

Diffuse infiltrative lung disease (ILD) is a heterogeneous group of disorders that predominantly affect the lung parenchyma and spare the airway. To objectively assess the degree of pulmonary vascular endothelium damage in active ILD, lung/liver uptake ratios (L/L ratios) on 99mTc hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO) lung scans were determined in 21 patients with active ILD. Meanwhile, the 67Ga citrate uptake index (GUI) on 67Ga lung scans was measured in order to evaluate the severity of lung inflammation in active ILD. The results show there were statistically significant differences between normal controls and patients with active ILD, as shown in the L/L ratio and GUI. However, when the patients were divided into two groups: (1) eight patients with normal chest X-ray findings, and (2) 13 patients with abnormal X-ray findings, there was no significant difference between groups 1 and 2 for the results of L/L ratio and GUI. In addition, no correlation between the degree of damage to the pulmonary vascular endothelium and the severity of lung inflammation was found. In conclusion, L/L ratios on 99mTc-HMPAO lung scans and GUI on 67Ga lung scans are different to the findings of chest X-rays and have the potential to objectively detect the degree of damage to the pulmonary vascular endothelium and the severity of lung inflammation in active IDL. However, the relationship between L/L ratio and GUI in active ILD is not significant.

Complete 1H and 13C assignments of 8-C-beta-D-[2-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl]glucopyranosyl-2-(2-hydroxy)propyl-7-methoxy-5-methylchromone

1H and 13C NMR spectra of 8-C-beta-D-[2-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl] glucopyranosyl-2-(2-hydroxy)propyl-7-methoxy-5-methylchromone were completely assigned by 2D NMR observations. Especially the 1H assignments of the glucosyl and hydroxyl protons were achieved by utilizing HMQC, HMBC, 1H-1H COSY and DEPT techniques together with a heavy water exchange 1H NMR experiment.

Participation of caudal ventrolateral medulla in the regulation of gallbladder motility in rabbits

To investigate whether the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) participates in the regulation of gallbladder motility, we studied the effects of microinjection of L-glutamate and other agents into the CVLM on gallbladder pressure (GP) in anesthetized rabbits. A frog bladder connected with a force transducer was inserted into the gallbladder to record the change of GP. Microinjection of L-glutamate into the CVLM decreased GP, While micnoinjection of gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) increased GP. Microinjection of ketamine, a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, into CVLM increased GP, while microinjection of 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-(1H,4H)-dione (CNQX), a competitive (+/-)-a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA)/kainate receptor antagonist, had no significant effect on GP. The effects of L-glutamate was abolished by ketamine, but not by CNQX. Intravenous injection of phentolamine or transection of the spinal cord eliminated the effects of L-glutamate on GP. These results indicate that [1] CVLM participated in the regulation of gallbladder motility; [2] endogenous L-glutamate in CVLM is involved in the regulation mediated by NMDA receptors, the output of which is sent through sympathetic nerve and alpha-adrenergic receptors.

Mapping QTLs and candidate genes for rice root traits under different water-supply conditions and comparative analysis across three populations

To investigate the genetic factors underlying constitutive and adaptive morphological traits of roots under different water-supply conditions, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between the lowland rice variety IR1552 and the upland rice variety Azucena with 249 molecular markers, was used in cylindrical-pot experiments. Eighteen QTLs were detected for seminal root length (SRL), adventitious root number (ARN), and lateral root length (LRL) and lateral root number (LRN) on the seminal root at a soil depth of from 3 to 6 cm under flooding and upland conditions. One identical QTL was detected under both flooding and upland conditions. The relative parameters under the two water-supply conditions were also used for QTL analysis. Five QTLs for upland induced variations in the traits were detected with the positive alleles from Azucena. A comparative analysis was performed for the QTLs detected in this study and those reported from two other populations with Azucena as a parent. Several identical QTLs for root elongation were found across the three populations with positive alleles from Azucena. Candidate genes were screened from ESTs and cDNA-AFLP clones for comparative mapping with the detected QTLs. Two genes for cell expansion, OsEXP2 and endo-1,4-beta-D-glucanase EGase, and four cDNA-AFLP clones from root tissues of Azucena, were mapped on the intervals carrying the QTLs for SRL and LRL under upland conditions, respectively.

Using 99mTc HMPAO brain SPECT to evaluate the effects of anticoagulant therapy on regional cerebral blood flow in primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome patients with brain involvement-a preliminary report

Technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime ((99m)Tc HMPAO) brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was used to evaluate the effects of anticoagulant therapy (ACT) on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in patients with primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (PAPS). Sixteen female PAPS patients with neuropsychiatric manifestations and hypoperfusion lesions demonstrated on initial (99m)Tc HMPAO brain SPECT images were enrolled in this study. Follow-up (99m)Tc HMPAO brain SPECT images were performed 1 month after ACT. Meanwhile, serum anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) were measured before and after ACT. Before ACT, 14 (87.5%) patients had positive ACA. After ACT, all 16 PAPS patients showed decreased serologic findings, and their neuropsychiatric manifestations subsided. After ACT, 11 (68.8%) patients showed complete recovery of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and five (31.2%) patients showed partial recovery in the follow-up (99m)Tc HMPAO brain SPECT images. This type of imaging is a logical and objective tool for measuring the effects of ACT in PAPS patients with brain involvement by determining changes in rCBF.

To predict response chemotherapy using technetium-99m tetrofosmin chest images in patients with untreated small cell lung cancer and compare with p-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance related protein-1, and lung resistance-related protein expression

Our preliminary studies found technetium-99m tetrofosmin (Tc- TF) chest imaging was related to Pgp or MRP1 expression and successfully predict chemotherapy response and in SCLC in human. However, there was no published literature to study relationship of Tc-TF chest images and LRP expression in SCLC patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationships among Tc- TF accumulation in untreated small cell lung cancer (SCLC), the expression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp), multidrug resistance related protein-1 (MRP1), and lung resistance-related protein (LRP), as well as the response to chemotherapy in patients with untreated SCLC. Thirty patients with SCLC were studied with chest images 15 to 30 minutes after intravenous injection of Tc-TF before chemotherapeutic induction. Tumor-to-background (T/B) ratios were obtained on the static and plantar Tc-TF chest images. The response to chemotherapy was evaluated upon completion of chemotherapy by clinical and radiological methods. These patients were separated into 15 patients with good response and 15 patients with poor response. No significant differences of prognostic factors (Karnofsky performance status, tumor size, or tumor stage) were found between the patients with good and poor responses. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed on multiple nonconsecutive sections of biopsy specimens to detect Pgp, MRP1, and LRP expression. The difference in T/B ratios on the Tc-TF chest images of the patients with good versus poor response was significant. The differences in T/B ratios of the patients with positive versus negative Pgp expression and with positive versus negative MRP1 expression were significant. The difference in T/B ratios of the patients with positive versus negative LRP expression was not significant. We concluded that Tc-TF chest images could accurately predict chemotherapy response of patients with SCLC. In addition, The Tc-TF tumor uptake was related to Pgp or MRP1 but not LPR expression in SCLC.

Usefulness of quantitative Tc-99m HMPAO and Ga-67 citrate lung scans in detecting pulmonary vascular endothelium damage and lung inflammation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a preliminary report

Pulmonary vascular endothelium damage in 34 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was measured by technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (Tc-99m HMPAO) lung scan. The degree of damage was represented as lung/liver uptake (L/L) ratio. The patients were divided into two subgroups according to the following criteria: (a) clinical features, separated as stable or flare stage and (b) chest X-ray findings separated as positive or negative results. Meanwhile, quantitative gallium-67 citrate (Ga-67) lung scan was performed as Ga-67 uptake index (GUI) to evaluate the severity of inflammation in the SLE lungs. The results show (a) no significant statistical differences in the degree of pulmonary vascular endothelium damage (the L/L ratio on Tc-99m HMPAO lung scan) between the two subgroups according to clinical features or chest X-ray findings and (b) no good correlation between the degree of pulmonary vascular endothelium damage and lung inflammation (GUI on Ga-67 lung scan). In conclusion, the change in pulmonary vascular endothelium damage in SLE may be unrelated to the clinical presentation or chest X-ray findings, and its degree is not related to the severity of pulmonary inflammation.

Usefulness of Tc-99m ECD brain SPECT to evaluate the effects of methylprednisolone pulse therapy in lupus erythematosus with brain involvement: a preliminary report

Methylprednisolone pulse therapy (MPT) was introduced to avoid life-threatening complications in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with brain manifestations. However, its efficacy in SLE patients remains uncertain and needs to be objectively evaluated. In this study, technetium-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer (Tc-99m ECD) brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was used to detect regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in SLE patients with normal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. Twelve female SLE patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms were enrolled in this study. All patients had normal brain MRI and abnormal Tc-99m ECD brain SPECT findings. The Tc-99m ECD brain SPECT studies were performed 2 weeks after MPT. Pre- and post-MPT serum levels of anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) and antiribosomal P antibodies (anti-P) were also measured. Before MPT, four patients had positive ACA and seven had positive anti-P. After MPT, all 12 patients demonstrated negative serologic findings and no neuropsychiatric symptoms. After MPT, ten patients showed complete recovery and two showed partial recovery of rCBF in the follow-up Tc-99m ECD brain SPECT images. This imaging is a logical and objective tool for measuring the effects of MPT in SLE patients with brain involvement by the determination of rCBF changes.

Poor agreement between dipyridamole-stress technetium-99m-tetrofosmin myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography and two-dimensional echocardiography in Kawasaki disease

To establish a noninvasive diagnostic method for early assessment of cardiac involvement in Kawasaki disease (KD), 28 children with KD were included in this study. Two-dimensional echocardiography (2D-Echo) to detect the aneurysms of coronary arteries (CA), as well as rest and dipyridamole-stress technetium-99m tetrofosmin (Tc-TF) myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to detect abnormal myocardial perfusion were performed in all of the 28 children with KD and to compare each other. The results showed that (1). 42.9% of cases had no aneurysm and 57.1% had significant aneurysms detected by 2D-Echo; (2). 42.9% of cases had normal perfusion and 57.1% of cases had abnormal myocardial perfusion assessed by Tc-TF myocardial perfusion SPECT; (3). 25.0% of cases showed both normal 2D-Echo and Tc-TF myocardial perfusion SPECT findings and 39.3% of cases showed both abnormal 2D-Echo and Tc-TF myocardial perfusion SPECT findings; and (4). there was poor agreement between 2D-Echo and Tc-TF myocardial perfusion SPECT findings (P>0.05). We concluded that poor agreement exists between aneurysms and abnormal myocardial perfusion detected by 2D-Echo and Tc-TF myocardial perfusion SPECT findings in patients with KD.

Usefulness of technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime lung scan to detect sub-clinical lung injury of patients with breast cancer after chemotherapy

We investigated the sub-clinical lung injury in patients with breast cancer after chemotherapy by technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (Tc-99m HMPAO) lung scan. Fifty patients who underwent surgical resection for breast cancers were divided into two groups, those who received a combination of adjuvant chemotherapy and those who did not. Group 1 consisted of 25 patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy and group 2 consisted of 25 patients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. Tc-99m HMPAO lung scan was performed in each patient and the degree of pulmonary vascular endothelium damage was represented as lung/liver uptake ratios (L/L ratio). None of the 50 patients had positive plain chest radiograph (CXR) and pulmonary function test (PFT) findings. The results showed a significantly higher L/L ratio in the group 1 patients (0.57 +/- 0.13) than in the group 2 patients (0.32 +/- 0.05). We conclude that chemotherapeutic drugs may result in pulmonary vascular endothelium damage and that Tc-99m HMPAO lung scan has the potential to be a sensitive, objective and non-invasive method to detect sub-clinical lung injury of patients with breast cancers after chemotherapy.

L-365,260 reversed effect of sincalide against morphine on electrical and mechanical activities of rat duodenum in vitro

AIM

To study the antagonism of sincalide (CCK-8) to the effect of morphine and its mechanism.

METHODS

The electrical and mechanical activities of rat duodenum in vitro were recorded simultaneously.

RESULTS

Acetylcholine (ACh, 300 nmol/L) increased the spike potential amplitude (SPA) and the number (SPN) of rat duodenum in vitro, followed by an increase of duodenal contraction amplitudes (CA). The SPA, SPN, and CA of duodenum in vitro were not obviously affected by injection of morphine (330 nmol/L), but it could selectively inhibit the potentiation of ACh. After administration of CCK-8 (0.7 nmol/L), the SPA, SPN, and CA of duodenal segment did not exhibit obvious changes. But CCK-8 could selectively antagonize the effects of morphine, ie, the SPA and SPN were increased again, followed by an increase of CA. CCK-B receptor antagonist L-365,260 (30 nmol/L) reversed the antagonism of CCK-8 to the effect of morphine.

CONCLUSION

CCK-8 could selectively antagonize the effect of morphine which inhibited the potentiation of ACh on duodenal activities in vitro. The antagonistic effect of CCK-8 on morphine was mainly mediated by CCK-B receptor.

[Treatment of cervical carcinoma in mice by injecting monoclonal antibody of epidermal growth factor receptor into solid tumor]

OBJECTIVE

To observe the effect of treating cervical carcinoma in mice by injecting monoclonal antibody of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR-McAb) into solid tumor.

METHODS

Six hundred and fifteen strain mice bearing U14 cervical cancer cell were subcutaneously injected with EGFR-McAb in Group A and B. The mice in control Group A and B were injected with 0.9% sodium chloride instead of EGFR-McAb. The volume of the tumor in Group A as measured for 2 weeks consecutively. The survival time of the mice both in Group A and in control Group A were observed. The mice in Group B were killed in the 4th, 7th, 10th, 14th, 16th, and 17th days. Tissue section of the tumor as stained immunohistochemically for CD31. Active areas of angiogenesis chosen under microscope and average microvessels counted per field(40x) were taken as intratumor microvessel density(IMD).

RESULTS

(1) The mean survival time in Group A was 42.8 day while in control Group A it was 28.3 day. (2) The tumor growth inhibitory rate in Group A in the 4th, 7th, 10th, and 14th days was 13%, 42%, 83%, and 84%, respectively, and in the 7th, 10th and 14th days there was a significant difference(P < 0.05). (3) The Group B was 15.6 +/- 4.0, while in control Group B it was 31.1 +/- 14.6. The average IMD in the Group B was lower than that in the control Group B.

CONCLUSIONS

An effective treatment to cervical cancer in mice can be made with EGFR-McAb. It is suggested that EGFR-McAb may be a target for treating cervical cancer.

[Changes of renal blood flow and serum NO2-/NO3- in rabbits treated with mannitol at different dosages]

To observe the changes of renal blood flow and serum NO2-/NO3- in rabbits administrated with mannitol at different dosages, and investigate the mechanism of acute renal failure (ARF) induced by massive mannitol. Eighteen healthy male Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups: minor mannitol group(n = 6, 8 g.kg-1 within 2 hours), control group (n = 6, saline of the same volume), massive mannitol group with free water taking(n = 6, mannitol 40-60 g.kg-1 with 3 days). The changes of renal function, renal blood flow and NO2-/NO3- in serum and urine were observed. The results showed that: no significant change in creatinine clearance (Ccr), renal blood flow (RBF) and serum NO2-/NO3- was found between minor mannitol group and control group. In massive mannitol group with free water taking, Ccr and RBF significantly decreased and serum NO2-/NO3- significantly increased (P > 0.05). The results suggest that ARF induced by massive mannitol is associated with a significant decline of RBF, on the other hand, endothelium-derived relaxing factor(EDRF) maybe compensatively increase.

[Protective effect of ginsenosides on human peritoneal mesothelial cell against lactate-based peritoneal dialysis solutions--induced injury in vitro]

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this research was to observe the influence of ginsenosides (GS) on viability and proliferation of human peritoneal mesothelial cell (HPMC) which were inhibited by L-PDS in vitro.

METHOD

Mesothelial cells were isolated from human omental specimens by trypsin disaggregation and established a stable HPMC culture model. The viability and capacity of proliferation of HPMC were assessed by lactate dehydrognase (LDH) release and tetrazolium salt colorimetry assay (MTT assay).

RESULTS

Compared with the control group, the release of LDH in L-PDS groups (2.5%, 4.25% glucose) significantly increased. But there was no difference between the two glucose concentrations. As HPMC pre-exposed to L-PDS prolonged, the viability of cells decreased gradually. GS decreased the release of LDH and increased the cells viability (P < 0.01), as well as enhanced the proliferation of HPMC.

CONCLUSION

The results suggest that GS has some protective effects on cell viability and proliferation of HPMC inhibited by L-PDS in vitro.

[Culture and characterization of human peritoneal mesothelial cells]

OBJECTIVE

To establish a reproducible model for culture of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs), and observe the expressions of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in HPMC.

METHODS

Mesothelial cells were isolated from human omenta by trypsin EDTA disaggregation. HPMCs were identified by morphology and streptomyces protein-peroxidase (SP) method. In the same way, expressions of fibronectin, collagen type III, V and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) were measured. Expression of IL-8 mRNA and FN mRNA in the HPMCs was detected by reverse transcription (RT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification.

RESULTS

Confluent HPMCs appeared multipolar under microscope; numerous surface microvilli and an abundant endoplasmic reticulum were observed. Cultured HPMCs coexpressed cytokeratin and vimentin, and synthesized fibronectin, TGF beta 1 and collagen types III (instead of type V). Expressions of IL-8 mRNA and FN mRNA were also observed in HPMCs.

CONCLUSION

Establishment of cultured HPMCs model will provide the basis of the research in preventment of peritoneal fibrosis and roles of IL-8 in peritoneal dialysis.

[Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors (IP(3)Rs) in myocardial nuclei involved in pressure overload-induced hypertrophy of rat heart]

In order to clarify the importance of nuclear IP(3)Rs in the development of myocardial hypertrophy, a hypertensive rat model was established by abdominal aortic constriction, and velocity and isopyknic gradient centrifugation was employed to fractionate the cardiac nuclei. The maximal number of binding sites (B(max)) and dissociation constant (Kd) of IP(3) to the nuclear envelopes were measured by [(3)H] IP(3) binding assay. The existence of IP(3)Rs on myocardial nuclear envelope was confirmed. [Ca(2+)] inhibited [(3)H] IP(3) binding to its receptors in cardiac nuclear envelopes in a concentration-dependent way. Phosphorylation by CaM and endogenous PKC decreased B(max) of nuclear IP(3) receptors. B(max) and Kd of nuclear IP(3)Rs were increased by 1.217 (P<0.01) and by 2.149-fold (P<0.01) respectively in hypertrophic myocardium as compared with those of the control. The above results suggest that IP(3)Rs exist in myocardial nuclei and are down regulated by CaM, PMA and free Ca(2+). The increase of the binding sites of IP(3)Rs in the nuclear envelopes and the decrease of their affinity might play importment roles in the development of overload induction of cardiac hypertrophy.

[Relationship between protein loss and dialysis duration results of PET and KT/Vurea in CAPD patients]

The study focused on the relationship between protein loss and dialysis duration, results of PET and KT/Vurea in two groups of CAPD patients. 16 patients of one group were included in CAPD for only 30 days while 19 patients of the other group were included in CAPD for more than one year. The results showed that value of protein loss had no obvious significance between both groups. Compared with the patients with value of PET D/Pcr < 0.65, the patients with value of PET D/Pcr > or = 0.65 had no significant protein loss. Between the patients whose index of urea clearance > or = 2.0, and those index of uera clearance < 2.0 the protein loss had no difference. It is suggested that, in routine dialysis duration peritoneal transport of small solutes and dialysis adequency. The conclusion shows furtherly that transportion of large protein and small solutes through different ways.

[Study of Chlamydia trachomatis infection on cervical secretion of women with early pregnancy and secondary sterility]

OBJECTIVE

This study was to investigate the Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection rate in cervical secretion of early pregnant and secondary sterility women.

METHODS

CT-DNA in the cervical secretion of the early pregnant, the secondary sterility, and the control women was detected with polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

RESULTS

The infection rates of CT in the early pregnant and secondary sterility women (14.28% and 13.33%) were higher than in the control women (3.33%, P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between the former two groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION

There are higher infection rates in the early pregnant and secondary sterility women. Detecting CT and treating in the perinatal period are needed in the early pregnant women who want to be pregnant again.

[Vacuole formation and endothelial damage in microvessels after ischemia reperfusion]

AIM

Damage of endothelial cells and adhesion of leukocytes and platelets were studied in rat mesentery microvessels after ischemia reperfusion.

METHODS

The model was made by losing blood and reperfusion from carotid artery in rat. Changes of mesentery microvessels were observed by high magnify microscope.

RESULTS

Leukocytes and platelets adhesions were found in venules and co capillaries 1-3 hours after ischemia reperfusion. Endothelial cells were edema and vascular walls were thickening. Vacuoles formed in intracytoplasm of some vascular endothelium and some bigger endothelial vacuoles prominence toward the luminal surface. Vacuoles liked circle shape and the diameter was 10-30 microm. More vacuoles were found in arterioles, even there were several vacuoles in a arteriole. The biggest vacuole almost occupied 2/3 of vascular lumen.

CONCLUSION

Edema and vacuole formation in vascular endothelium indicate that endothelial cells are injured seriously after ischemia reperfusion.

[Application of capillary chromatography in benzene boiling range analysis]

The experimental data were analyzed by regression analytical method and the relation between the quantity of impurities and the boiling range of benzene was demonstrated. It was proved that when the quantity of hydrocarbon impurities was within certain limits, the quality of benzene fractions can be determined by analyzing the hydrocarbon impurities in it. So the distillation method for analyzing benzene boiling range may be replaced by capillary chromatography for analyzing the hydrocarbon impurities. The practical applications support the above suggestion.

[Expression of bcl-2 in the normal endometrium and endometrium of adenomyosis]

Using immunohistochemical ABC staining, we detected the expression and role of bcl-2 in normal endometrium(n = 17) and eutopic and ectopic endometrium with adenomyosis(n = 16) during the menstrual cycle. The first result was that the expressions of bcl-2 in the eutopic endometrium were the same as the normal endometrium, showing predominantly in the glandular epithelial cells, and obviously cyclic changes throughout the menstrual cycle. This result suggests that these changes may be regulated by ovarian hormone and play an important role in the proliferation and physiologic death of normal endometrial glandular epithelial cells to regulate the menstrual cycle. Bcl-2 expression in the glandular cells of ectopic endometrium of adenomyosis had no cyclic change and bcl-2 staining had remained in the whole menstrual cycle. The second result suggests that the above mentioned phenomena may play an important role in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis.

Nephrotoxicity of high- and low-osmolar contrast media. The protective role of amlodipine in a rat model

PURPOSE

To evaluate the nephrotoxicity of high- and low-osmolar contrast media (HOCM, LOCM) on kidneys in Sprague-Dawley rats. The protective role of amlodipine was studied.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Forty rats of both sexes were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=8/group) and glycerine for inducing renal failure was given to all rats except controls.

RESULTS

In diatrizoate-injected rats, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr) were increased; levels of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), lipid peroxide (LPO) and calcium were also increased in renal tissues. There was no significant difference between LOCM (iohexol) animals and glycerol controls either in the renal levels of PLA2, LPO and calcium or in the levels of BUN and SCr. The histologic changes were milder in the LOCM animals than in the HOCM animals. In the group pretreated with amlodipine, no increase in the levels of BUN or SCr was discovered and the renal content of PLA2, LPO and calcium were significantly lower than in the HOCM group; the renal injuries induced by diatrizoate were alleviated.

CONCLUSION

The HOCM, diatrizoate, was more toxic to rat kidneys than the LOCM iohexol; PLA2, LPO and calcium load played a role in producing renal function impairment induced by diatrizoate meglumine; amlodipine protected the renal tissue from nephrotoxicity induced by diatrizoate.

[Effects of nitroprusside and vibration on peritoneal transport of solutes in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients]

To explore the relationship between peritoneal transport of solutes and permeability of the peritoneum capillary as well as peritoneal stagnant fluid layer within dwell time, we observed the effects of nitroprusside and vibration on peritoneal transport of solutes in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD) patients. Twelve stable, routine CAPD patients were involved, who had no peritonitis for at least 4 weeks before the test. Standard peritoneal equilibrium tests(PETs) were performed, and mass transfer area coefficiency(MTAC) were calculated after adding nitroprusside to the dialysate or vibrating the patients's peritoneum. The concentrations of total protein, albumin and immunity globulin G in total drained dialysate were examined, and total drained volumes were recorded. Compared with the control, the MTACs value of BUN, Creatinine(Cr) increased significantly both in the nitroprusside group and vibration group(P < 0.05); the concentration of immunoglobin G in the total drained fluid was higher in the nitroprusside group than that in the control(P < 0.05); However, there was no significant difference in the total drained volume among the three groups. We conclude that nitroprusside and vibration can increase the peritoneal transport of small molecular solutes, and vibration has less influence on the loss of protein in CAPD. It suggests that moderated movement may improve the removal of the small molecules in CAPD patients.

[The effect of increasing ventral movement on the small solutes transport during peritoneal dialysis]

OBJECTIVE

To investigate whether the small solutes transport and the efficiency of peritoneal dialysis can be improved through ventral movement.

METHODS

Eighteen continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients and 6 male New Zealand rabbits peritoneal dialysis models were observed. Through self and pre-post control, we compared the concentration ratio of the solutes in effluent dialyste(D) to the solutes in plasma(P), mass transfer area coefficient and the drained volume.

RESULTS

The animal experiments showed that the D/P value for BUN was different prominently when comparing the vibration and non-vibration groups in 45 min and 60 min separately(P < 0.05). On the contrary, no obvious difference existed between the two groups when comparing the D/P values for protein and drained volume. The clinical study showed: D/P value for BUN at the 2 and 4 hr and D/P value for creatinine at the 2 hr increased obviously either in the low or high frequency group when compared with the control group(P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively). D/P for protein and drained volume had no difference compared with the control group(P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION

The ventral movement and vibration could efficiently increase the transport of small solutes such as BUN and creatinine while had no influence on the transport of large molecular solutes such as protein and the ultrafiltration volume. It suggested that increasing the movement of CAPD patients can improve the efficiency of peritoneal dialysis.