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Abstract
The trematode parasites in the family Schistosomatidae (phylum Platyhelminthes) infect a wide range of vertebrates. Three species of the genus Schistosoma are of major medical importance. This unit deals exclusively with the parasite Schistosoma mansoni, which is the species most frequently maintained in the laboratory. Among the far-ranging investigations in the immunology of schistosomiasis are studies in vaccine development, immunopathology of granulomatous inflammation and fibrosis, eosinophil function, and in vivo regulation of T(H)1 and T(H)2 responses. This unit describes maintenance and collection procedures for various stages of the schistosome that have immunologic interest, including infection of mice with cercariae, collection of cercariae, preparation of in vitro-derived schistosomules and in vivo-derived schistosomules, and collection of adult worms and eggs. Included also are techniques for preparing soluble egg antigen (SEA), one of the more commonly used schistosome antigenic preparations. A discussion is given of the basic steps that are important in maintaining the snail intermediate host, and infecting the snails with schistosome miracidia. The unit deals exclusively with the parasite Schistosoma mansoni, which is the species most frequently maintained in the laboratory. Since part of the life cycle of all schistosomes involves a snail host, a description of proper maintenance for the snails is provided. Often, problems in experiments can be traced back to improper snail and parasite maintenance, or lack of attention to detail during mammalian exposure to the infective stage (cercaria) of the parasite.
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77
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Lewis F. Tax savings opportunities for physicians. MICHIGAN MEDICINE 2001; 100:10-1. [PMID: 11302044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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78
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Lewis F, Greenhalgh D. Three stage AIDS incubation period: a worst case scenario using addict-needle interaction assumptions. Math Biosci 2001; 169:53-87. [PMID: 11137528 DOI: 10.1016/s0025-5564(00)00053-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we develop and analyse a model for the spread of HIV/AIDS amongst a population of injecting drug users. We start off with a brief literature survey and review; this is followed by the derivation of a model which allows addicts to progress through three distinct stages of variable infectivity prior to the onset of full blown AIDS and where the class of infectious needles is split into three according to the different levels of infectivity in addicts. Given the structure of this model we are required to make assumptions regarding the interaction of addicts and needles of different infectivity levels. We deliberately choose these assumptions so that our model serves as an upper bound for the prevalence of HIV under the assumption of a three stage AIDS incubation period. We then perform an equilibrium and stability analysis on this model. We find that there is a critical threshold parameter R(0) which determines the behaviour of the model. If R(0)< or =1, then irrespective of the initial conditions of the system HIV will die out in all addicts and all needles. If R(0)>1, then there is a unique endemic equilibrium which is locally stable if, as is realistic, the time scale on which addicts inject is much shorter than that of the other epidemiological and demographic processes. Simulations indicate that if R(0)>1, then provided that disease is initially present in at least one addict or needle it will tend to the endemic equilibrium. In addition we derive conditions which guarantee this. We also find that under calibration the long term prevalence of disease in our variable infectivity model is always greater than in an equivalent constant infectivity model. These results are confirmed and explored further by simulation. We conclude with a short discussion.
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Greenhalgh D, Lewis F. Three-stage AIDS incubation period: a best case scenario using addict-needle interaction assumptions. IMA JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS APPLIED IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2000; 17:95-118. [PMID: 10994508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we extend the 'needles that kill' model discussed in Kaplan & O'Keefe (1993) to allow addicts to progress through three-stages of variable infectivity prior to the onset of full-blown AIDS, and where the class of infectious needles is split into three according to the different levels of infectivity in addicts. Given the structure of this model we are required to make assumptions regarding the interaction of addicts and needles of different infectivity levels. We deliberately choose these assumptions so that our model serves as a lower bound for the prevalence of HIV under the assumption of a three-stage AIDS incubation period. We find that there is a critical threshold parameter R0 which determines the behaviour of the model. If R0 > 1 then there is a unique endemic equilibrium which is locally stable if, as is realistic, the timescale on which addicts inject is much shorter than that of the other epidemiological and demographic processes. Simulations indicate that if R0 > 1, then provided that disease is initially present in at least one addict or needle then it will tend to the endemic equilibrium. In addition, we derive conditions which guarantee this. We also find that under calibration the long-term prevalence of disease in the 'needles that kill' model is the same as in our three-stage model.
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80
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Lewis F. New genera and species of terrestrial Isopods (Crustacea: Oniscidea) from Australia. J NAT HIST 1998. [DOI: 10.1080/00222939800770371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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81
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Miller AN, Ofori K, Lewis F, Knight M. Schistosoma mansoni: use of a subtractive cloning strategy to search for RFLPs in parasite-resistant Biomphalaria glabrata. Exp Parasitol 1996; 84:420-8. [PMID: 8948331 DOI: 10.1006/expr.1996.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A subtractive cloning strategy has been applied for the identification of two cDNA clones whose corresponding transcripts were elevated in Schistosoma mansoni-resistant (BS-90) compared to susceptible (M-line) snails. Clone pBS11 encoded a 1.9-kb transcript that was more elevated compared to a 500-bp transcript encoded by clone pBS12. Consequently, more attention was focused on the molecular characterization of clone pBS11. Results showed that the transcript encoded by this clone was expressed in the albumen gland and was developmentally regulated. Sequence analysis of pBS11 demonstrated the presence of an open reading frame that corresponded to a novel Biomphalaria glabrata albumen gland gene product. Comparative Southern analysis of the resistant and susceptible snail lines using pBS11 as probe indicated the presence of a BamHI and EcoRI RFLP between the two strains.
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82
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Lynch DA, Mapstone NP, Lewis F, Pentith J, Axon AT, Dixon MF, Quirke P. Serum and gastric luminal epidermal growth factor in Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. Helicobacter 1996; 1:219-26. [PMID: 9398872 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.1996.tb00042.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is the cause of chronic (type B) gastritis, duodenal ulceration (DU), and gastric ulceration (GU). Smoking is associated with delayed ulcer healing. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is produced in the salivary and Brunner's glands of the upper gastrointestinal tract, inhibits gastric acid secretion, and is a powerful mitogen. MATERIALS AND METHODS We sought to determine gastric luminal EGF (GL-EGF) in smokers and patients with Hp-associated DU and the effects of Hp eradication. Our aim was to determine GL-EGF in patients with GU and the effect of ulcer healing and to measure serum EGF in patients with Hp gastritis with or without DU disease. RESULTS GL-EGF was reduced in smokers compared to controls (p = .008). Subjects with HP gastritis had reduced GL-EGF compared to controls (p = .0002). There was no difference in GL-EGF between Hp-positive subjects who had DU and those with chronic gastritis alone. Eradication of Hp from those patients with DU had no effect on the low levels of GL-EGF. There was no difference between GL-EGF in Hp gastritis alone and in Hp-associated active GU. GL-EGF fell after ulcer healing (p = .04), a difference confirmed by analysis of paired samples from patients before and after ulcer healing (p = .03). There was no difference in serum EGF between controls and subjects with Hp infection. There was no difference in serum EGF in subjects with DU associated and non-ulcer-associated gastritis. CONCLUSIONS Subjects with Hp gastritis, or those who smoke, had low concentrations of GL-EGF regardless of whether DU was present. Eradication of Hp did not return the concentrations of GL-EGF to normal in DU subjects. Individuals and Hp gastritis and inactive GU had low levels of GL-EGF compared to non-ulcer Hp infection. The relative increase in GL-EGF that occurred with ulceration of the gastric mucosa may have resulted from the development of an ulcer-associated cell lineage. Serum EGF did not play a role in the pathogenesis of Hp gastritis or of associated DU ulcer disease.
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83
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Randerson J, Cawkwell L, Jack A, Lewis F, Johnson P, Evans P, Barrans S, Morgan GJ. Fluorescent polymerase chain reaction of a panel of CA repeats on chromosome 6 in the indolent phase of follicular centre cell lymphoma. Br J Cancer 1996; 74:942-6. [PMID: 8826862 PMCID: PMC2074751 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1996.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty-four cases of histologically defined follicle centre cell (FCC) lymphoma have been examined for allele imbalance at 19 microsatellite loci spanning the length of chromosome 6, including six markers within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), using fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify microsatellites. Nineteen cases were observed in which imbalance of one or more markers on chromosome 6 had occurred (79%). The frequency of allele imbalance was significantly higher on 6p than 6q, and two regions of deletions, 6p24-25 and 6p21.3-23, were identified in which the loci showed a significantly high allele imbalance frequency.
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84
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Cuckle H, Quirke P, Sehmi I, Lewis F, Murray J, Cross D, Cuckle P, Ozols B. Antenatal screening for cystic fibrosis. BRITISH JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY 1996; 103:795-9. [PMID: 8760710 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1996.tb09876.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the practicality of implementing antenatal screening for cystic fibrosis in Yorkshire. DESIGN Prospective study in which all pregnant women were offered testing for the delta F508 mutation which accounts for about 85% of carriers in Yorkshire. The reproductive partners of those found to be cystic fibrosis carriers were then tested and any carrier referred for genetic counselling. SETTING Antenatal clinics in two hospitals and eight general practices. POPULATION Six thousand and seventy-one pregnant women. RESULTS A total of 3773 women (62%) accepted the screening offer. This was a lower uptake rate than in other published UK studies: Aberdeen (85-91%), Manchester (85%), Edinburgh (76-84%) and Oxford (67%). Nonetheless there were large and statistically significant differences in the uptake rate between centres within the study: 78% and 60% for the two hospitals and 67% for the general practices. One hundred and thirty women (3.4%) were found to be carriers and three carrier couples were identified. The median time interval for the laboratory to produce a result was five days and the cost was pounds 16 on average. CONCLUSIONS Antenatal screening for cystic fibrosis does not pose any special practical difficulties. It would be feasible to introduce it into routine practice in Yorkshire.
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85
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Clay FE, Cork MJ, Wilson AG, Crane AM, Lewis F, Harrington CI, Duff GW. Promoter region polymorphism in the human TNF-alpha gene is not associated with lichen sclerosus. Exp Dermatol 1996; 5:227-9. [PMID: 8889470 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.1996.tb00121.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of lichen sclerosus remains unknown. However, it has been frequently associated clinically with autoimmunity. The MHC haplotype A1, B8, DR3 is associated with many autoimmune conditions and has also been associated with the uncommon allele of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) promoter polymorphism. This allele is also associated with higher production of TNF in vivo and in vitro, and thus it has been speculated that it is the TNF-alpha gene which underlies the genetic association of many diseases with the autoimmune haplotype. There have been many reports of HLA associations with lichen scleroses, but these have not been concordant. We therefore decided to analyse the TNF-alpha polymorphism in patients with lichen scleroses to determine if TNF-alpha was likely to play a role in susceptibility or severity of lichen scleroses. No association between alleles of the TNF-alpha polymorphism and lichen scleroses was found.
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86
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Randerson J, Cawkwell L, Jack AS, Child AJ, Shiach CR, Lewis F, Johnson P, Evans P, Barrans S, Morgan GJ. Allele imbalance at tumour suppressor loci during the indolent phase of follicle centre cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 1996; 22:113-7, follow. 186, color plate X. [PMID: 8724537 DOI: 10.3109/10428199609051737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We have examined 41 cases of follicle centre cell lymphoma with fluorescent PCR of microsatellite repeats closely linked to or within six tumour suppressor gene loci (APC, DCC, P53, RB1, WT1 and NM23). These probes are highly informative with heterozygousity rates in the range of 57%-90%. In addition we have used four loci from chromosome 6 (D6S260, TNFa, D6S281 and D6S262) as control loci which are unlikely to be involved in the pathogenesis of lymphoma. Of 369 informative PCR reactions allele imbalance was identified in 38 (10%) and this was seen in 23 of the 41 cases. Looking at individual loci allele imbalance was seen in APC(1) 11%, APC(2) 12%, P53(1) 5%, P53 (2) 7%, WT1 5%, RB1 13%, DCC 18% and NM23 0%. This frequency of change was no different from that seen at the control loci D6S260 16%, TNFa 20%, D6S281 4% and D6S262 9%. In the indolent phase of germinal centre cell lymphoma there is therefore quite a high rate of allele imbalance at all loci but this is no higher in those loci linked to tumour suppressor genes.
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MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Disease Progression
- Gene Deletion
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Follicular/genetics
- Lymphoma, Follicular/pathology
- Microsatellite Repeats
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Translocation, Genetic
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87
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Randerson J, Cawkwell L, Jack A, Child JA, Lewis F, Hall N, Johnson P, Evans P, Barrans S, Morgan GJ. Microsatellite instability in follicle centre cell lymphoma. Br J Haematol 1996; 93:160-2. [PMID: 8611453 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1996.456994.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to assay 12 microsatellite markers (APC x 2, DCC, P53 x 2, RB1, NM23, WT1, D6S260, D6S262, D6S281 and TNFa) to look for evidence of microsatellite instability in 40 cases of follicle centre cell lymphoma (FCC). Evidence of novel alleles seen in the tumour tissue but not the normal uninvolved tissue was seen in seven cases (17%). In only two of these cases (5%) was more than one locus involved but in these cases multiple affected loci were seen (4/12 and 7/12 respectively). The detection of microsatellite instability indicates a DNA repair defect such as that which would be predicted to occur in cells with mutated mismatch repair genes, a novel finding in FCC lymphoma.
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88
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Khan GA, Lewis F. Acute fatty liver of pregnancy superimposed on chronic active hepatitis. CONNECTICUT MEDICINE 1995; 59:707-10. [PMID: 8821635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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89
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Cousin C, Ofori K, Acholonu S, Miller A, Richards C, Lewis F, Knight M. Schistosoma mansoni: changes in the albumen gland of Biomphalaria glabrata snails selected for nonsusceptibility to the parasite. J Parasitol 1995; 81:905-11. [PMID: 8544062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The LAC-line strain of the snail Biomphalaria glabrata has very low susceptibility to the parasite Schistosoma mansoni and a very low reproductive potential. Upon examination of the reproductive tract of these snails, light and electron microscopy revealed obvious abnormalities in the albumen gland. Secretory cells that are normally cuboidal in susceptible NMRI (F0) snails were squamous in LAC-line snails. These LAC-line cells contained small secretory granules and negligible rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, compared to large granules and an extensive array of both organelles in F0 albumen gland cells. Comparative analyses of soluble protein extracts of F0 and LAC-line albumen glands showed several qualitative differences. Among the most prominent was an 18-kDa protein in F0 snails that was remarkably reduced in the soluble protein extracts of LAC-line snails. Also, metabolic incorporation of [35S]-methionine was impaired in LAC-line albumen glands. Whether these albumen gland changes are caused by decreased susceptibility to parasitism is yet to determined.
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90
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Thompson JP, Thornby J, Boeringa JA, Lewis F. Some selected psychological and social characteristics of veteran psychiatric inpatients without stable housing. Psychol Rep 1995; 76:391-4. [PMID: 7667448 DOI: 10.2466/pr0.1995.76.2.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study were compared scores on selected MMPI subscales and demographic variables from 58 veterans with stable housing and 54 veterans without stable housing. Both groups were selected from the same inpatient psychiatric treatment program at the Houston VA Medical Center. The MMPI was administered and a number of demographic variables were collected from patients' archival computerized records. Comparison of MMPI scores indicated that patients without housing had marginally significantly higher scores on the clinical research subscale PD4A (Social Alienation). They were also significantly less likely to be married or employed. Logistic regression analysis indicated that, when multiple predictors were considered, marital status was the only significant risk factor for absence of stable housing. Results underscore the relevance of social services to treatment, discharge, and rehabilitation planning when working with veterans without stable housing.
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91
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Thompson JP, Boeringa JA, Thornby J, Lewis F. Some outcome predictors for use in vocational rehabilitation planning. Psychol Rep 1995; 76:423-6. [PMID: 7667452 DOI: 10.2466/pr0.1995.76.2.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study examined some predictor variables for positive outcome with a state vocational rehabilitation agency. Referrals to the agency from VA Counseling Psychology were analyzed to develop guidelines for identifying clients with good probability for positive outcome in their vocational rehabilitation planning. All subjects had a history of substance-abuse treatment at the Houston VA Medical Center. Analyses suggested a number of factors are relevant when assessing potential for successful vocational rehabilitation. Provision of drug-free housing, recent work history, and discharge status from a substance-abuse program were identified as relevant factors.
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Calvert R, Randerson J, Evans P, Cawkwell L, Lewis F, Dixon MF, Jack A, Owen R, Shiach C, Morgan GJ. Genetic abnormalities during transition from Helicobacter-pylori-associated gastritis to low-grade MALToma. Lancet 1995; 345:26-7. [PMID: 7799702 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(95)91154-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The helicobacter-associated transition from chronic gastritis to MALToma (lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) may require genetic change in the host. We have studied gastrectomy specimens from twelve cases of primary B-cell gastric lymphoma showing evidence of chronic gastritis and low-grade or high-grade MALToma to look for allele imbalance at microsatellites for six tumour-suppressor genes. We detected allelic imbalance at two of these loci (DCC in three, APC in two). In two DCC cases allele imbalance was seen in the transition from chronic gastritis to low-grade MALToma and in the third between low-grade and high-grade. Allele imbalance between chronic gastritis and low-grade MALToma is not necessarily causal in the transition. Rather, genetic change has occurred in the process of transformation.
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93
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Clay FE, Cork MJ, Tarlow JK, Blakemore AI, Harrington CI, Lewis F, Duff GW. Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphism association with lichen sclerosus. Hum Genet 1994; 94:407-10. [PMID: 7927338 DOI: 10.1007/bf00201602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines play key roles in immune responses, inflammation and fibrosis. The balance between levels of cytokines, their receptors and specific inhibitors controls inflammatory reactions in tissues. The pathogenesis of lichen sclerosus is unknown but probably involves cytokine mediators such as interleukin 1 (IL-1) and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra). The IL-1ra is a competitive inhibitor of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta, and therefore is a powerful endogenous anti-inflammatory molecule. The gene encoding IL-1ra (designated IL-1RN) has a variable number tandem repeat polymorphism in intron 2. There are five alleles of the gene corresponding to 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 repeats of an 86-bp sequence. We have determined allele frequencies in a control population and a group of 78 patients with lichen sclerosus. The frequency of one of the alleles is related to increasing disease severity. Thus, IL-1RN may be a candidate gene or severity factor for lichen sclerosus or may possibly be a linked marker to another, as yet undefined, gene.
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94
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Lewis F, Green AJA. Four new species of Actaeciidae (Isopoda : Oniscidea) from Australia, with a review of the family. INVERTEBR SYST 1994. [DOI: 10.1071/it9941421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Four new species of Actaecia Dana are described from Australia; three of these (A. bipleura, A. cyphotelson and A. nasuta) are from beaches in south-eastem Australia and one (A. forrnida) is from the mid-eastern coast of Queensland. Specimens from Tasmania identified previously as Actaecia pallida Nicholls & Barnes belong to A. bipleura. The same probably applies to others from New South Wales and Lord Howe Island. The distributions of the six Australian species are noted. A review of the monogeneric family Actaeciidae includes a new diagnosis of Actaecia and a key to species. The distributions of the two New Zealand species are listed.
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95
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Lewis F, Messenger AG, Wales JK. Hidradenitis suppurativa as a presenting feature of premature adrenarche. Br J Dermatol 1993; 129:447-8. [PMID: 8217761 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb03174.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We report a girl with premature adrenarche, in whom the presenting feature was hidradenitis suppurativa. This association lends support to the view that hidradenitis suppurativa is an androgen-dependent disorder.
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96
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Wong V, Wyatt J, Lewis F, Howdle P. Gold induced enterocolitis complicated by cytomegalovirus infection: a previously unrecognised association. Gut 1993; 34:1002-5. [PMID: 8393829 PMCID: PMC1374243 DOI: 10.1136/gut.34.7.1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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97
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Portenoy RK, Miransky J, Thaler HT, Hornung J, Bianchi C, Cibas-Kong I, Feldhamer E, Lewis F, Matamoros I, Sugar MZ. Pain in ambulatory patients with lung or colon cancer. Prevalence, characteristics, and effect. Cancer 1992; 70:1616-24. [PMID: 1516015 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19920915)70:6<1616::aid-cncr2820700630>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have evaluated the epidemiology and effect of pain in ambulatory patients with cancer who are undergoing active therapy. This information is needed to develop strategies for supportive care in this population. METHODS The prevalence and characteristics of pain were determined in a prospective survey of ambulatory patients with lung or colon cancer. To reduce bias and acquire comprehensive information, the methodology used face-to-face interviews by trained quality assurance analysts, a multifaceted assessment instrument, and multivariate statistical analysis. RESULTS In a telephone interview, "persistent or frequent" pain during the previous 2 weeks was reported by 57 of 145 (39.3%) patients with lung cancer and 52 of 181 (28.7%) patients with colon cancer; 91 of these patients (47 lung and 44 colon) were interviewed in detail. All patients had excellent performance status, and with the exception of pain location, there were no significant differences between the two tumor types. One-third of the patients had more than one discrete pain. Median pain duration was 4 weeks (range, less than 1 week-468 weeks), and average pain intensity was moderate. Approximately 90% of patients experienced pain more than 25% of the time. Pain interfered moderately or more with general activity and work in approximately half of the patients; more than half reported moderate or greater pain interference in sleep, mood, and enjoyment of life. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the daily frequency of pain, the intensity of the worst pain, the score on a mood scale, and the frequency of the worst pain accounted for 58.7% of the variance in average pain intensity. Likewise, 52.1% of the variance in a derived measure of pain interference in function was explained by the mood score, frequency of the worst pain, number of pains, and pain intensity. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that pain is prevalent among well-functioning ambulatory patients and substantially compromises function in approximately half of the patients who experience it. Pain is a complex symptom; aspects other than intensity, such as frequency, strongly influence its effect.
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98
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Knight M, Miller A, Raghavan N, Richards C, Lewis F. Identification of a repetitive element in the snail Biomphalaria glabrata: relationship to the reverse transcriptase-encoding sequence in LINE-1 transposons. Gene 1992; 118:181-7. [PMID: 1380940 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(92)90187-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BamHI-digested Biomphalaria glabrata DNA contains a repetitive 2.0-kb fragment which is readily discernible by ethidium bromide staining. We present evidence that this repetitive element is related at both the nucleotide and amino acid levels to long interspersed nuclear element (LINE)-like transposons. Although comparable elements have been described in several invertebrates, this is the first report of a molluscan homologue. In common with LINE transposons, an open reading frame in the B. glabrata element shows significant homology to reverse transcriptase--a feature believed to allow the dissemination of these elements in the eukaryotic genome.
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99
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Lewis F, Kyle GM, Murray G, Child DF. Dysthyroid Eye Disease with Radiological Features of Orbital Tumour. Med Chir Trans 1992; 85:494-5. [PMID: 1404204 PMCID: PMC1293600 DOI: 10.1177/014107689208500823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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100
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