76
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Albergaria A, Ribeiro AS, Pinho S, Milanezi F, Carneiro V, Sousa B, Sousa S, Oliveira C, Machado JC, Seruca R, Paredes J, Schmitt F. ICI 182,780 induces P-cadherin overexpression in breast cancer cells through chromatin remodelling at the promoter level: a role for C/EBP in CDH3 gene activation. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:2554-66. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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77
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Faria G, Martins D, Bettencourt H, Davila C, Amendoeira I, Schmitt F, Cardoso M. 126 P-cadherin, Osteopontin and MIB1 as prognostic factors for loco-regional relapse in breast cancer. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)70157-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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78
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Finnerty M, Yang X, Zheng T, Heilman J, Castrilla N, Herczak J, Fujita H, Ibrahim TS, Boada F, Zhao T, Schmitt F, Stoeckel B, Potthast A, Wicklow K, Trattnig S, Mamisch C, Recht M, Sodickson D, Wiggins G, Zhu Y. A 7-Tesla High Density Transmit with 28-Channel Receive-Only Array Knee Coil. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE ... SCIENTIFIC MEETING AND EXHIBITION. INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE. SCIENTIFIC MEETING AND EXHIBITION 2010; 2010:642. [PMID: 25346622 PMCID: PMC4205507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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79
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Schmitt F, Farlow M, Olin J, Meng X. P1.038 Rivastigmine treatment effects and the relationship between executive function and cognition, behavior and ADLs in Parkinson's disease dementia. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(09)70160-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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80
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Wangenheim A, Bertoldi R, Abdala D, Sobieranski A, Coser L, Jiang X, Richter M, Priese L, Schmitt F. Color image segmentation using an enhanced Gradient Network Method. Pattern Recognit Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.patrec.2009.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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81
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Dufloth R, Vieira D, Souza B, Schmitt F, Zeferino L. O1043 The investigation of specific immunohistochemical markers to distinguish basal-like invasive breast carcinoma. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(09)61416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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82
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Hoffmann M, Schmitt F, Bromley E. Vascular cognitive syndromes: relation to stroke etiology and topography. Acta Neurol Scand 2009; 120:161-9. [PMID: 19486324 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01145.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive syndromes (CS) after stroke may be important to measure and monitor for management and emerging therapies. AIM To describe the spectrum and frequency of CSs in the first month after stroke and to relate these to stroke etiology and topography. METHODS A validated cognitive examination was administered during the first month of stroke presentation and analyzed according to five large-scale networks for cognition and correlated with neuropsychological tests. A multivariate analysis was performed to determine association of CSs with etiology (TOAST classification), topography and neurological deficit by National Institute of Health Stroke Score (NIHSS). RESULTS Of a total of 2105 patients, one or more patients with CS was present in 1569/1796 (87%) stroke patients vs 112/309 (36%, P < or = 0.001) transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients. The frequency of frontal network syndromes (FNS) was 908/1796 (51%), left hemisphere network (LH) syndromes 646/1796 (36%), right hemisphere (RH) network syndromes 275/1796 (15.3%), occipitotemporal network (OT) syndromes 107/1796 (6%), hippocampal limbic (HL) network syndromes 397/1796 (22%) and miscellaneous (M) syndromes 481/1796 (27%). Stroke etiology and their signature CS by multivariate analyses revealed significant associations for LH with cardioembolism (OR 1.61, P = 0.0029), FNS and 'other' etiology (OR 1.96, P < or = 0.0001) and HL also for 'other' etiology (OR 1.57, P = 0.0026). Coma (OR 2.95, P < or = 0.0001) and encephalopathy (OR 2.82, P < or = 0.0001) were both associated significantly with hemorrhage. A left hemisphere lesion was associated with LH CSs (OR 9.26, P < or = 0.0001). An FNS was associated with frontal lesions (OR 5.19, <0.0001) as well as subcortical lesions (OR 1.91, P < or = 0.0001). The M group of CS was associated with subtentorial (OR 1.86, P = 0.0283) and right hemisphere lesions (OR 2.47, P < or = 0.0001). The LH and RH syndromes had the highest NIHSS and differed significantly from all others. CONCLUSIONS (1) CSs are present in the vast majority of stroke patients. (2) Particular stroke etiological subtypes are associated with specific CS. (3) Certain signature CS results from lesions that relate to the major anatomical cognitive networks.
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83
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Gama A, Gärtner F, Alves A, Schmitt F. Immunohistochemical expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) in canine mammary tissues. Res Vet Sci 2009; 87:432-7. [PMID: 19464036 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2009.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) has been extensively studied in human breast cancer; however, systematic studies of EGFR protein expression in canine mammary gland tumours are lacking. Therefore, we evaluated its immunohistochemical expression in a series of 136 canine mammary tumours and representative areas of adjacent normal and hyperplastic mammary tissue and investigated a possible correlation between EGFR overexpression and several clinicopathological parameters and survival. In normal and hyperplastic canine mammary glands, EGFR expression was consistently observed in myoepithelial cells, with luminal cells usually negative. In tumour tissues, EGFR overexpression was found in 9 benign (19.6%) and 38 malignant (42.2%) lesions, with EGFR positivity significantly related with malignancy. Besides animal age and tumour size, there were no significant associations between other clinicopathological parameters and EGFR overexpression. On survival analysis, tumours with EGFR overexpression showed a reduced disease-free and overall survival; however these associations failed to reach statistically significant levels.
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84
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Schütz CA, Schmitt F, Juillerat-Jeanneret L, Wandrey C. Fate of Hydrophilic Nanoparticles in Biological Environments. Chimia (Aarau) 2009. [DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2009.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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85
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive syndromes (CS) after stroke may be important to measure and monitor for management and emerging therapies. AIM To incorporate known behavioral neurological and neuropsychiatric syndromes into a bedside cognitive assessment in patients with stroke. METHODS A validated cognitive examination (comprehensive cognitive neurological test in stroke, Coconuts) was administered during the first month of stroke presentation and analyzed according to five large-scale networks for cognition and correlated with neuropsychological tests. Validity testing of the test was performed for overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value to stroke in comparison with MRI diagnosis of stroke as well as discriminant validity, construct validity and inter-rater reliability. RESULTS Overall the sensitivity of the Coconuts scale was 91% and specificity 35%, PPV 88% and NPV 41% vs stroke lesions using MRI. Cognitive syndrome frequencies: frontal network syndrome frequency was 908/1796 (51%), left hemisphere network syndrome frequency was 646/1796 (36%), right hemisphere network included 275/1796 (15.3%), occipitotemporal network for complex visual processing 107/1796 (6%), the hippocampal limbic network for amnesias and emotional disorders 397/1796 (22%) and miscellaneous network syndromes 481/1796 (27%). CONCLUSION The Coconuts is a valid and practical test of a comprehensive array of known behavioral neurological and neuropsychiatric syndromes in patients with stroke.
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Barros-Silva JD, Leitão D, Afonso L, Vieira J, Dinis-Ribeiro M, Fragoso M, Bento MJ, Santos L, Ferreira P, Rêgo S, Brandão C, Carneiro F, Lopes C, Schmitt F, Teixeira MR. Association of ERBB2 gene status with histopathological parameters and disease-specific survival in gastric carcinoma patients. Br J Cancer 2009; 100:487-93. [PMID: 19156142 PMCID: PMC2658544 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical significance of ERBB2 amplification/overexpression in gastric cancer remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the ERBB2 status in 463 gastric carcinomas using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), and compared the findings with histopathological characteristics and with disease-specific survival. ERBB2 overexpression (2+ and 3+) and amplification (ratio ERBB2/CEP17⩾2) were found in 43 (9.3%) and 38 (8.2%) gastric carcinomas, respectively. Perfect IHC/FISH correlation was found for the 19 cases scored as 0 (all negative by FISH), and also for the 25 cases scored as 3+ (all positive by FISH). One out of six carcinomas scored as 1+ and 12 out of 18 carcinomas scored as 2+ were positive by FISH. ERBB2 amplification was associated with gastric carcinomas of intestinal type (P=0.007) and with an expansive growth pattern (P=0.021). ERBB2 amplification was detected in both histological components of two mixed carcinomas, indicating a common clonal origin. A statistically significant association was found between ERBB2 amplification and worse survival in patients with expansive gastric carcinomas (P=0.011). We conclude that ERBB2 status may have clinical significance in subsets of gastric cancer patients, and that further studies are warranted to evaluate whether patients whose gastric carcinomas present ERBB2 amplification/overexpression may benefit from therapy targeting this surface receptor.
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87
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Berger I, Hanif M, Nazarov AA, Hartinger CG, John RO, Kuznetsov ML, Groessl M, Schmitt F, Zava O, Biba F, Arion VB, Galanski M, Jakupec MA, Juillerat-Jeanneret L, Dyson PJ, Keppler BK. In vitro anticancer activity and biologically relevant metabolization of organometallic ruthenium complexes with carbohydrate-based ligands. Chemistry 2008; 14:9046-9057. [PMID: 18688905 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and in vitro anticancer activity of dihalogenido(eta6-p-cymene)(3,5,6-bicyclophosphite-alpha-D-glucofuranoside)ruthenium(II) complexes are described. The compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and ESI mass spectrometry, and the molecular structures of dichlorido-, dibromido- and diiodido(eta6-p-cymene)(3,5,6-bicyclophosphite-1,2-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-glucofuranoside)ruthenium(II) were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The complexes were shown to undergo aquation of the first halido ligand in aqueous solution, followed by hydrolysis of a P--O bond of the phosphite ligand, and finally formation of dinuclear species. The hydrolysis mechanism was confirmed by DFT calculations. The aquation of the complexes was markedly suppressed in 100 mM NaCl solution, and notably only very slow hydrolysis of the P--O bond was observed. The complexes showed affinity towards albumin and transferrin and monoadduct formation with 9-ethylguanine. In vitro studies revealed that the 3,5,6-bicyclophosphite-1,2-O-cyclohexylidene-alpha-D-glucofuranoside complex is the most cytotoxic compound in human cancer cell lines (IC50 values from 30 to 300 microM depending on the cell line).
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88
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Kocjan G, Bourgain C, Fassina A, Hagmar B, Herbert A, Kapila K, Kardum-Skelin I, Kloboves-Prevodnik V, Krishnamurthy S, Koutselini H, Majak B, Olszewski W, Onal B, Pohar-Marinšek Ž, Shabalova I, Smith J, Tani E, Vielh P, Wiener H, Schenck U, Schmitt F. The role of breast FNAC in diagnosis and clinical management: a survey of current practice. Cytopathology 2008; 19:271-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2303.2008.00610.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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89
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Pinheiro C, Longatto-Filho A, Pereira S, Etlinger D, Moreira M, Jubé L, Schmitt F, Baltazar F. 378 POSTER CD147 expression correlates with monocarboxylate transporters 1 and 4 in cervical carcinoma. EJC Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(08)72312-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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90
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Schmitt F, Kirchmann PS, Bovensiepen U, Moore RG, Rettig L, Krenz M, Chu JH, Ru N, Perfetti L, Lu DH, Wolf M, Fisher IR, Shen ZX. Transient electronic structure and melting of a charge density wave in TbTe3. Science 2008; 321:1649-52. [PMID: 18703710 DOI: 10.1126/science.1160778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Obtaining insight into microscopic cooperative effects is a fascinating topic in condensed matter research because, through self-coordination and collectivity, they can lead to instabilities with macroscopic impacts like phase transitions. We used femtosecond time- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (trARPES) to optically pump and probe TbTe3, an excellent model system with which to study these effects. We drove a transient charge density wave melting, excited collective vibrations in TbTe3, and observed them through their time-, frequency-, and momentum-dependent influence on the electronic structure. We were able to identify the role of the observed collective vibration in the transition and to document the transition in real time. The information that we demonstrate as being accessible with trARPES will greatly enhance the understanding of all materials exhibiting collective phenomena.
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91
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Gama A, Alves A, Schmitt F. Identification of molecular phenotypes in canine mammary carcinomas with clinical implications: application of the human classification. Virchows Arch 2008; 453:123-32. [PMID: 18677512 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-008-0644-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 07/07/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Similarly to humans, canine mammary cancer represents a heterogeneous group in terms of morphology and biological behaviour. In the present study, we evaluated a series of canine mammary carcinomas based on a new human classification, initially based on gene expression profiling analysis. Similarly to human breast cancer, by using an immunohistochemistry surrogate panel based on five molecular markers [estrogen receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), cytokeratin 5, p63 and P-cadherin], we were able to classify canine mammary carcinomas into four different subtypes: luminal A [estrogen receptor (ER)+/HER2-; 44.8%], luminal B (ER+/HER2+; 13.5%), basal (ER-/HER2- and a basal marker positive; 29.2%) and HER2 overexpressing tumours (ER-/HER2+; 8.3%). Luminal A-type tumours were characterised by lower grade and proliferation rate, whereas basal-type tumours were mostly high grade, high proliferative and positive for cytokeratin 5, p63 and P-cadherin. In addition, as in humans, basal subtype was significantly associated with shorter disease-free and overall survival rates, and we propose canine mammary carcinomas as a suitable natural model for the study of this particular subset of human carcinomas.
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92
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Maia CJB, Socorro S, Schmitt F, Santos CRA. Characterization of oligoadenylate synthetase-1 expression in rat mammary gland and prostate: effects of 17beta-estradiol on the regulation of OAS1g in both tissues. Mol Cell Biochem 2008; 314:113-21. [PMID: 18421422 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-008-9771-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 04/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OAS1 belongs to a protein family of interferon-induced enzymes characterized by their ability to catalyze the synthesis of 2'-5'-linked oligomers of adenosine from ATP (2-5A). 2-5A bind to the latent Ribonuclease L (RNase L), which subsequently dimerizes into the active form, acquiring the capacity of cleaving cellular and viral mRNA. Several studies indicate that OAS1 is an important inducer of apoptosis in human cancer cells and that it may be regulated by 17beta-estradiol (E(2)). The aim of this study was to characterize OAS1 gene expression in rat mammary gland and prostate, and to analyze its regulation by E(2) in both tissues. It is demonstrated that OAS1g is the most abundant OAS1 gene expressed in both tissues, and that OAS1 protein is present in the nucleus of rat mammary gland and prostate epithelial cells. In addition, it is shown by Real Time PCR that OAS1g is up-regulated by E(2) in rat mammary gland, but down-regulated in prostate, suggesting that the OAS1g gene may be related to estrogen dependent pathways in rat mammary gland and prostate physiology.
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93
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Di Palma S, Collins N, Bilous M, Sapino A, Mottolese M, Kapranos N, Schmitt F, Isola J. A quality assurance exercise to evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of chromogenic in situ hybridisation for HER2 analysis in breast cancer. J Clin Pathol 2008; 61:757-60. [PMID: 18326010 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2007.053850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromogenic in situ hybridisation (CISH) is an alternative to immunohistochemistry or FISH for the assessment of HER2 oncogene status in breast cancer. Although CISH is being used increasingly in routine diagnostics, there are no established inter-laboratory quality assurance programmes for this test. METHODS The reproducibility of HER2 CISH analysis was assessed when performed by seven different centres that use the test routinely in diagnostic service. RESULTS The results from 28 cases showed overall concordance of 98.5% (192/195 tests; kappa coefficient 0.91). One of the discrepancies was due to the invasive carcinoma having been cut out in the sections received by two of the centres, and the other two were in the non-amplified/equivocal/low-amplified category. CONCLUSION This is believed to be the first report of a quality assurance study assessing laboratories that use HER2 CISH routinely in clinical diagnostics. The results show that CISH is a robust technique providing a suitable assay for the frontline testing of HER2 status in breast cancer.
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94
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Dufloth R, Arruda A, Heinrich J, Schmitt F, Zeferino L. The investigation of DNA repair polymorphisms with histopathological characteristics and hormone receptors in a group of Brazilian women with breast cancer. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2008; 7:574-82. [DOI: 10.4238/vol7-3gmr376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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95
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Schmitt F, Santalahti P, Saarelainen S, Savonlahti E, Romer G, Piha J. Cancer families with children: factors associated with family functioning—a comparative study in Finland. Psychooncology 2008; 17:363-72. [PMID: 17614096 DOI: 10.1002/pon.1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective is to examine the factors associated with family functioning in families with children where a parent has cancer in comparison to families without cancer. SAMPLE AND METHODS Eighty-five families including 85 cancer patients, 61 healthy spouses and 68 children between 11 and 17 years of age, and a control group of 59 families including 105 adults and 65 children were given a set of questionnaires including a background variable questionnaire, the Family Assessment Device, the Beck Depression Inventory and the Sense of Coherence (SOC). A statistical multilevel model allowing the use of data from several informants belonging to the same family was constructed for the analysis of associations between variables. RESULTS Maternal depression and SOC of family members were associated with family functioning; maternal depression impaired family functioning and family members' SOC improved it. No difference was found between the clinical group and the control group. CONCLUSION In clinical work with cancer families with children, maternal depression and SOC should be focused on.
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96
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Kwok Y, Won M, Regine W, Mehta M, Schmitt F, Patchell R, Watkins-Bruner D. Neurocognitive Impact of Whole Brain Radiation on Patients With Brain Metastases: Secondary Analysis of RTOG BR-0018. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.07.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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97
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Gray W, Bayer-Pietsch E, Chieco P, Cochand Priollet B, Desai M, Drijkoningen M, Griffin M, Hagmar B, Kapila K, Kloboves-Prevodnik V, Kobayashi T, Krogerus L, Majak B, Mihailovici M, Olszewski W, Schenck U, Schmitt F, Shabalova I, Shapiro N, Smith J, Tani E, Totsch M, Vass L, Wiener H, Herbert A. The future of cytopathology in Europe. Will the wider use of HPV testing have an impact on the provision of cervical screening? Cytopathology 2007; 18:278-82. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2303.2007.00487.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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98
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Juillerat-Jeanneret L, Schmitt F. Chemical modification of therapeutic drugs or drug vector systems to achieve targeted therapy: looking for the grail. Med Res Rev 2007; 27:574-90. [PMID: 17022028 DOI: 10.1002/med.20086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Most therapeutic drugs distribute to the whole body, which results in general toxicity and poor acceptance of the treatments by patients. The targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics to defined cells, either stromal or cancer cells in cancer lesions, or defined inflammatory cells in immunological disorders, is one of the main challenges and a very active field of research in the development of treatment strategies to minimize side-effects of drugs. Disease-associated cells express molecules, including proteases, receptors, or adhesion molecules, that are different or differently expressed than their normal counterparts. Therefore one goal in the field of targeted therapies is to develop chemically derivatized drugs or drug vectors able to target defined cells via specific recognition mechanisms and also able to overcome biological barriers. This article will review the approaches which have been explored to achieve these goals and will discuss in more detail three examples (i) the use of nanostructures to take advantage of increased vascular permeability in some human diseases, (ii) the targeting of therapeutic drugs to an organ, the brain, protected against foreign molecules by the blood-brain barrier, and (iii) the use of the folate receptor to target either tumor cells or activated macrophages.
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Lindqvist B, Schmitt F, Santalahti P, Romer G, Piha J. Factors associated with the mental health of adolescents when a parent has cancer. Scand J Psychol 2007; 48:345-51. [PMID: 17669225 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2007.00573.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study explored factors associated with the mental health in adolescents (ages 11-17; n = 54) within 12 months after a parent had been diagnosed with cancer. A control group was included (ages 11-17; n = 49). A demographic questionnaire, the SF-8 Health Survey, the Youth Self Report and the McMaster Family Assessment Device were used. Similar levels of psychological distress and healthy family functioning were reported in the clinical and the control group. No effect of gender of the ill parent and that of the adolescent was found. A negative correlation was found between the physical health of the ill parent and the mental health of the adolescent. Healthy family functioning correlated with less psychological distress in adolescents with a parent with cancer. Open communication, flexible problem solving and appropriate affective involvement were significant predictors for less psychological distress in the adolescents. The study concludes that a healthy family functioning facilitated the adolescent's adjustment to parental cancer.
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100
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Priese L, Schmitt F, Sturm P, Wang H, Matern R, Wickenhöfer R. Analyse von MRT-Gehirnaufnahmen mittels des 3D-CSC Segmentierungsverfahrens. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-977280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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