A159 ARE MOBILE HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES SUPPORTING COLONOSCOPY PREPARATION ASSOCIATED WITH BETTER PATIENT OUTCOMES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS

Background

Mobile health technologies are innovative solutions for delivering instructions to patients preparing for their colonoscopy appointments.

Aims

To systematically review the literature of the effect of smartphone-based technologies supporting colonoscopy appointment preparation on patient outcomes.

Methods

With the assistance of a librarian, one author searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and CENTRAL for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effect of smartphone-based technologies for colonoscopy preparation on bowel cleanliness and user satisfaction. Two independent reviewers extracted data on patient and intervention characteristics and study outcomes, and appraised study quality using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool. Summary statistics were generated using random effects models for the trials that used either the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BPPS) or the Ottawa Bowel Preparation Scale (OBPS). Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using I2.

Results

Ten RCTs met our inclusion criteria. Smartphone-based interventions included apps, SMS text messages, video clips, camera apps, and social media apps. Most studies showed smartphone-based interventions were associated with better quality bowel cleanliness scores and higher user satisfaction compared to usual care. Standardized mean differences for the BBPS and OBPS differed between the intervention and control groups [SMD 0.57, 95%CI 0.18, 0.95] and [SMD -0.39, 95%CI -0.59, -0.19], respectively. Statistically significant statistical heterogeneity was found for the meta-analyses for the trials employing the BBPS (I2=80%, p=0.03) but not for the trials using the OBPS (I2=45%, p=0.16). All RCTs were at high risk of bias from non-blinded participants, and most studies were at high or unclear risk of bias due to lack of allocation concealment. Funnel plots to evaluate publication bias were not generated as there were too few studies with sufficient data to analyze.

Conclusions

This systematic review found that smartphone-based technology users had better bowel cleanliness quality scores and higher satisfaction with the method of delivering instructions compared to patients given usual care. Given that all RCTs were at high risk of bias, high-quality RCTs that blind participants and conceal study group allocation are needed.

Funding Agencies

CIHRDepartment of Medicine, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre

Prenatal Substance Use Disorders and Dental Caries in Children

Substance use is common in women of reproductive age, but limited data exist on the dental health of their children, including risk of caries. We conducted a longitudinal cohort study of 790,758 infants born between 2006 and 2016 in Quebec, Canada. We identified women with substance use disorders before or during pregnancy. The main outcome measure was hospitalization for dental caries in offspring up to 12 y after birth. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of maternal substance use with pediatric dental caries, adjusted for potential confounders. Children exposed to maternal substance use had a higher incidence of hospitalization for dental caries than unexposed children (105.2 vs. 27.0 per 10,000 person-years). Maternal substance use was associated with 1.96 times the risk of childhood dental caries (95% CI, 1.80-2.14), including a greater risk of caries of enamel, dentin, or cementum (HR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.82-2.19) and dental pulp (HR, 2.36; 95% CI, 2.07-2.70), relative to no substance use. Associations were elevated for alcohol (HR, 2.31; 95% CI, 2.03-2.64) but were also present for cocaine, cannabis, opioids, and other substances. Substance use during pregnancy was more strongly associated with dental caries hospitalization than prepregnancy substance use. Associations were stronger in early childhood. Maternal substance use is associated with the future risk of dental caries hospitalization in children. Targeting substance use early in the lives of women may contribute to dental caries prevention in offspring.

Field induced fragmentation spectra from reactive stage-tandem differential mobility spectrometry

A planar tandem differential mobility spectrometer was integrated with a middle reactive stage to fragment ions which were mobility selected in a first analyzer stage using characteristic compensation and separation fields.

Three-percent sucrose acts as a thermostabilizer for cell-adapted foot-and-mouth disease virus without any negative effect on viral growth

AIMS

As cell-adapted foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) with H56R mutation in VP3 has reduced thermostability, this study aimed to investigate the effect of thermostabilizers on cell-adapted FMDV for vaccine production.

METHODS AND RESULTS

We examined the effect of 3% sucrose, 10% (or 25%) glycerol or 10% FBS on cell-adapted FMDV O/SKR/JC/2014, containing H56R mutation in VP3, as vaccine seed virus at -80, 4, 25 or 37°C for 2, 4 or 7 days. The stabilizing effect of 3% sucrose on O/SKR/JC/2014 was observed at 25, 37°C, and after repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Additionally, we tested the effect of 3% sucrose on the growth of FMDV or cells and did not observe any decrease in either viral growth or cell viability.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study showed the protective effect of 3% sucrose on FMDV infectivity at various temperatures; this virus stock in 3% sucrose could be used for infecting cells without the removal of sucrose.

SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY

We suggest that 3% sucrose-containing medium could be beneficial for the stable storage and transport of cell-adapted FMDV.

Chicken PRDX3 is required for proliferation of chicken embryo fibroblast cells

1. This experiment investigated the influence of chicken PRDX3 on cell proliferation in chick embryo fibroblast cells using PRDX3 knockdown technology.2. A methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed to assess the effect of chPRDX3 knockdown on fibroblast proliferation. The antioxidant effect was investigated to determine if it directly mediated fibroblast cell proliferation.3. To determine the role of chPRDX3 on cell proliferation, an siRNA mediated knockdown was performed in chick fibroblast cells using an in vitro assay. The proliferation of fibroblast cells transfected with siPRDX3 #3 and siPRDX3 Mix was significantly decreased after 48 h (P < 0.01). In addition, the knockdown of chicken PRDX3 suppressed cell proliferation through an increase in oxidative stress.4. The results demonstrated that chPRDX3 is required for cell proliferation in chicken fibroblast cells. Such findings have important implications for the maintenance of chicken fibroblast cells.

B-28 Prognostic Utility of a Prediction Model for Memory Decline in Epilepsy Following Selective Amygdalohippocampectomy

Objective

It is important to evaluate risk for post-surgical cognitive decline in a systematic and reliable fashion due to the variable risk of memory decline following epilepsy surgery. Mathematical risk models have been developed to predict post-surgical memory decline (e.g., Stroup et al., 2003), but few studies have evaluated their prognostic utility. This study evaluated the predictive value of the Stroup et al., (2003) multivariate risk factor model in predicting postoperative verbal memory outcome among epilepsy patients who underwent left selective amygdalohippocampectomy.

Method

This retrospective study included 16 left-sided localization-related epilepsy surgery patients who underwent neuropsychological evaluation pre- and post-surgery. Patients were assigned to two risk groups: mild to moderate risk (15 to 60%) and severe risk (>61%) for postoperative memory decline, which was based on Stroup et al., (2003) criteria, suggesting that individuals with the highest risk had dominant hemisphere resections, no hippocampal sclerosis, normal Wada memory, and normal preoperative immediate and delayed memory scores. Memory decline was determined by pre- minus post-surgery memory test difference scores with 1.5 SD denoting a significant decline.

Results

The formula predicted postoperative memory decline with 75% accuracy for patients in the high risk group and no significant decline with 92% accuracy for patients in the mild to moderate risk group.

Conclusion

The results suggest that Stroup’s predictive formula for verbal memory outcome following epilepsy surgery may be useful for patients undergoing left selective amygdalohippocampectomy surgery, consistent with prior research suggesting prognostic utility with left temporal lobectomy patients (e.g., Johnson-Markve et al., 2009).

C-40 Effects of Treatment Expectancy on Self-Report and Neuropsychological Outcomes in Neurofeedback for Young Adults Seeking Treatment for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Objective

Though there is evidence that expectancy can impact outcomes of heath treatments, the role of expectancy in neurofeedback (NFB) for ADHD remains unclear. A pilot study found large expectancy effects on self-reported symptoms in NFB, but mixed evidence for sustained attention performance. We further investigate the effects of treatment expectancy on self-reported ADHD symptoms and neuropsychological performance in NFB.

Method

Young adults seeking treatment for ADHD expected to receive active NFB, but instead were randomly assigned to receive sham treatment with false feedback indicating above average (positive expectancy; n = 26), below average (negative expectancy; n = 23), or average (neutral expectancy; n = 24) attentive states. Primary outcomes were report of ADHD symptoms, and performance on a sustained attention test and working memory test.

Results

Mixed ANOVAs revealed a significant interaction for ADHD symptom report (p < .001). Groups did not differ in pre-NFB symptom report (p = .56). Symptom report by the positive expectancy group decreased over time (p < .001) but increased among negative (p = .02) and neutral (p = .02) groups. Post-NFB symptom report was higher for negative expectancy relative to positive (p < .001) and neutral (p = .002) groups. There was no significant difference between positive and neutral groups (p = .37).There were no significant interactions for sustained attention and working memory.

Conclusion

Results indicate that treatment expectancies impact self-report of ADHD symptoms and should therefore be considered in clinical trials of NFB that measure outcomes via symptom report. Future studies examining expectancy effects on measures of other neuropsychological domains are necessary.

Mutation of the rice TCM12 gene encoding 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase affects chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthesis and chloroplast development at seedling stage at low temperatures

Glycolysis is a central metabolic pathway that provides energy and products of primary metabolites. 2,3-Biphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase (iPGAM) is a key enzyme that catalyses the reversible interconversion of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA) to 2-phosphoglycerate (2-PGA) in glycolysis. Low temperature is a common abiotic stress in rice production. However, the mechanism for rice iPGAM genes is not fully understood at low temperature. In this study, the rice mutant tcm12, with chlorosis, malformed chloroplasts and impaired photosynthesis, was grown at a low temperature (<20 °C) to the three-leaf stage, while the normal phenotype at 32 °C was used. Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine features of the tcm12 mutant. The inheritance behaviour and function of TCM12 were then analysed thorough map-based cloning, transgenic complementation and subcellular localisation. The thermo-sensitive chlorosis phenotype was caused by a single nucleotide mutation (T→C) on the fifth exon of TCM12 (LOC_Os12g35040) encoding iPGAM, localised to both nucleus and membranes. In addition, TCM12 was constitutively expressed, and its disruption resulted in down-regulation of some genes associated with chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis at low temperatures (20 °C). This is the first report of the involvement of rice iPGAM gene in chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthesis and chloroplast development, providing new insights into the mechanisms underlying early growth of rice at low temperatures.

Synthesis of a Carbonaceous Two-Dimensional Material

Despite tremendous accomplishments achieved in 2D materials, little progress has been made in carbonaceous 2D materials beyond graphene and graphene oxide. Here, we report a 2D material of carbonaceous nanoplates (CANP). The bottom-up synthesis of CANP is green, separation-free, and massive. The nanoplates are 2 to 3 monolayers thick with an average interlayer spacing of 0.57 nm. The synthesis involves viscosity-aided two-dimensional growth of fragmented glucose derivatives and leads to the complete conversion of glucose to the 2D nanoplates. Application tests demonstrate the usefulness of the affordable 2D material.