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Magdaleno-Madrigal VM, Contreras-Murillo G, Camacho-Abrego I, Negrete-Díaz JV, Valdés-Cruz A, Fernández-Mas R, Almazán-Alvarado S, Flores G. Short-term deep brain stimulation of the thalamic reticular nucleus modifies aberrant oscillatory activity in a neurodevelopment model of schizophrenia. Neuroscience 2017; 357:99-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Cabrera-Pedraza VR, de Jesús Gómez-Villalobos M, de la Cruz F, Aguilar-Alonso P, Zamudio S, Flores G. Pregnancy improves cognitive deficit and neuronal morphology atrophy in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of aging spontaneously hypertensive rats. Synapse 2017; 71:e21991. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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78
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Diaz A, Treviño S, Vázquez-Roque R, Venegas B, Espinosa B, Flores G, Fernández-G JM, Montaño LF, Guevara J. The aminoestrogen prolame increases recognition memory and hippocampal neuronal spine density in aged mice. Synapse 2017; 71:e21987. [PMID: 28545157 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aging brain shows biochemical and morphological changes in the dendrites of pyramidal neurons from the limbic system associated with memory loss. Prolame (N-(3-hydroxy-1,3,5 (10)-estratrien-17β-yl)-3-hydroxypropylamine) is a non-feminizing aminoestrogen with antithrombotic activity that prevents neuronal deterioration, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of prolame on motor and cognitive processes, as well as its influence on the dendritic morphology of neurons at the CA1, CA3, and granule cells of the dentate gyrus (DG) regions of hippocampus (HP), and medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) of aged mice. Dendritic morphology was assessed with the Golgi-Cox stain procedure followed by Sholl analysis. Prolame (60 µg/kg) was subcutaneously injected daily for 60 days in 18-month-old mice. Immediately after treatment, locomotor activity in a new environment and recognition memory using the Novel Object Recognition Task (NORT) were evaluated. Prolame-treated mice showed a significant increase in the long-term exploration quotient, but locomotor activity was not modified in comparison to control animals. Prolame-treated mice showed a significant increase in dendritic spines density and dendritic length in neurons of the CA1, CA3, and DG regions of the HP, whereas dendrites of neurons in the NAcc remained unmodified. In conclusion, prolame administration promotes hippocampal plasticity processes but not in the NAcc neurons of aged mice, thus improving long-term recognition memory. Prolame could become a pharmacological alternative to prevent or delay the brain aging process, and thus the emergence of neurodegenerative diseases that affect memory.
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Cuevas-Olguin R, Roychowdhury S, Banerjee A, Garcia-Oscos F, Esquivel-Rendon E, Bringas ME, Kilgard MP, Flores G, Atzori M. Cerebrolysin prevents deficits in social behavior, repetitive conduct, and synaptic inhibition in a rat model of autism. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:2456-2468. [PMID: 28609577 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a syndrome of diverse neuropsychiatric diseases of growing incidence characterized by repetitive conduct and impaired social behavior and communication for which effective pharmacological treatment is still unavailable. While the mechanisms and etiology of ASD are still unknown, a consensus is emerging about the synaptic nature of the syndrome, suggesting a possible avenue for pharmacological treatment with synaptogenic compounds. The peptidic mixture cerebrolysin (CBL) has been successfully used during the last three decades in the treatment of stroke and neurodegenerative disease. Animal experiments indicate that at least one possible mechanism of action of CBL is through neuroprotection and/or synaptogenesis. In the present study, we tested the effect of CBL treatment (daily injection of 2.5 mL/Kg i.p. during 15 days) on a rat model of ASD. This was based on the offspring (43 male and 51 female pups) of a pregnant female rat injected with valproic acid (VPA, 600 mg/Kg) at the embryonic day 12.5, which previous work has shown to display extensive behavioral, as well as synaptic impairment. Comparison between saline vs. CBL-injected VPA animals shows that CBL treatment improves behavioral as well as synaptic impairments, measured by behavioral performance (social interaction, Y-maze, plus-maze), maximal response of inhibitory γ-amino butyric acid type A receptor (GABAA R)-mediated synaptic currents, as well as their kinetic properties and adrenergic and muscarinic modulation. We speculate that CBL might be a viable and effective candidate for pharmacological treatment or co-treatment of ASD patients. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Di Cerbo A, Morales-Medina JC, Palmieri B, Pezzuto F, Cocco R, Flores G, Iannitti T. Functional foods in pet nutrition: Focus on dogs and cats. Res Vet Sci 2017; 112:161-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Iastrebner M, Belli C, Lazzarino C, Fantl D, Pintos N, Bengio R, Prates M, Rosenhain M, Pose J, Celebrin L, Moro D, Garcia Rivello H, Grille S, Flores G, Rivas M, Enrico A, Abello Polo V, Araujo Schuster S, Arbelbide J, Consortium I. Lower-Risk Patients that Required Hypomethylating Agents. A Multicentric Experience from Latin America. Leuk Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(17)30215-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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82
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Iastrebner M, Lazzarino C, Nucifora E, Penchasky D, Fernandez I, Gusmao Moreno B, Rivas M, Espinosa D, Abello Polo V, Boada M, Enrico A, Araujo Schuster S, Agra M, Sarmiento M, Flores G, Alfonso G, Crisp R, Gusmao Moreno B, Consortium I. Clinical-Risk Factors that Influence an Optimal Hypomethylating Agents Treatment in Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia. Leuk Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(17)30214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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83
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Treviño S, Vázquez-Roque RA, López-López G, Perez-Cruz C, Moran C, Handal-Silva A, González-Vergara E, Flores G, Guevara J, Díaz A. Metabolic syndrome causes recognition impairments and reduced hippocampal neuronal plasticity in rats. J Chem Neuroanat 2017; 82:65-75. [PMID: 28219715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a serious public health problem, which can promote neuronal alterations in cognitive regions related to learning and memory processes, such as the hippocampus. However, up to now there has been information of a regional segregation of this damage. In this study, we evaluate the MS effect on the neuronal morphology of the hippocampus. Our results demonstrate that 90days of a high-calorie diet alters the metabolic energy markers causing the MS and causes memory impairments, evaluated by the recognition of novel objects test (NORT). In addition, MS animals showed significant differences in dendritic order, total dendritic length and density of dendritic spines in CA1, CA3 and the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampal area, compared with rats fed with a normocaloric diet (vehicle group). Furthermore, the immunoreactivity to synaptophysin (Syp) decreased in the hippocampus of the MS animals compared to the vehicle group. These results indicate that metabolic alterations induced by the MS affect hippocampal plasticity and hippocampal dependent memory processes.
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Vidal B, Vázquez-Roque RA, Gnecco D, Enríquez RG, Floran B, Díaz A, Flores G. Curcuma treatment prevents cognitive deficit and alteration of neuronal morphology in the limbic system of aging rats. Synapse 2017; 71. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Flores G. Curcuma longa L. extract improves the cortical neural connectivity during the aging process. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:875-880. [PMID: 28761413 PMCID: PMC5514855 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.208542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Turmeric or Curcuma is a natural product that has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic pharmacological properties. It can be used in the control of the aging process that involves oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Aging is a physiological process that affects higher cortical and cognitive functions with a reduction in learning and memory, limited judgment and deficits in emotional control and social behavior. Moreover, aging is a major risk factor for the appearance of several disorders such as cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. At the brain level, the aging process alters the synaptic intercommunication by a reduction in the dendritic arbor as well as the number of the dendritic spine in the pyramidal neurons of the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and basolateral amygdala, consequently reducing the size of these regions. The present review discusses the synaptic changes caused by the aging process and the neuroprotective role the Curcuma has through its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic actions
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Zurita E, Huerta M, De Jesús L, La Cruz FD, Ortiz-Butron R, Flores G, Gómez-Villalobos MDJ. Cerebrolysin Effects on Cardiac Neuropathy in Diabetic Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/pp.2017.87015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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87
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Flores G, Vázquez-Roque RA, Diaz A. Resveratrol effects on neural connectivity during aging. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1067-8. [PMID: 27630682 PMCID: PMC4994441 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.187029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Flores G. Role of the prefrontal cortex in the neonatal ventral hippocampus lesion, an animal model of schizophrenia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.29245/2572.942x/2016/3.1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Solis-Gaspar C, Vazquez-Roque RA, De Jesús Gómez-Villalobos M, Flores G. Cerebrolysin improves memory and ameliorates neuronal atrophy in spontaneously hypertensive, aged rats. Synapse 2016; 70:378-89. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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90
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Flores G, Morales-Medina JC, Diaz A. Neuronal and brain morphological changes in animal models of schizophrenia. Behav Brain Res 2016; 301:190-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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91
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Monserrat Hernández-Hernández E, Serrano-García C, Antonio Vázquez-Roque R, Díaz A, Monroy E, Rodríguez-Moreno A, Florán B, Flores G. Chronic administration of resveratrol prevents morphological changes in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of aged rats. Synapse 2016; 70:206-17. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Flores G, Flores-Gómez GD, de Jesús Gomez-Villalobos M. Neuronal changes after chronic high blood pressure in animal models and its implication for vascular dementia. Synapse 2016; 70:198-205. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Upperman C, Palmieri P, Lin H, Flores G, Turer CB. What do parents want for their children who are overweight when visiting the paediatrician? Obes Sci Pract 2015; 1:33-40. [PMID: 28580163 PMCID: PMC5450825 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to determine whether parental preferences regarding primary care weight‐management strategies differ by child age, gender, overweight severity, race/ethnicity or parental agreement that their child is overweight. Methods A survey was administered to parents of 2‐ to 18‐year‐old children who are overweight at an academic primary‐care clinic regarding perception of child overweight, helpful/harmfulness of having the child present during weight discussions, and dietary‐advice preferences. Multivariable analyses examined factors associated with preferred weight‐management strategies, after adjustment for parent/child characteristics. Results Eighty‐three per cent of parents agreed that a child's presence during weight discussions is helpful/very helpful, 74% that paediatricians should prescribe specific diets, and 55% preferred specific vs. general dietary advice only (N = 219). In multivariable analyses, characteristics associated with helpfulness of child presence included older child age (vs. 2–5 year olds, 6–11 year olds: odds ratio [OR], 4.6; 95% CI, 1.3–16; 12‐ to 18‐year‐olds: OR, 23; 95% CI, 4–136), male gender (OR, 5.0; 95% CI, 1.7–10) and obesity (vs. overweight: OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.7–12). Characteristics associated with preferring specific diets included Latino race/ethnicity (OR, 5.3; 95% CI, 3–12), older age (vs. 2–5 year olds, 6–11 year olds: OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.1–7; 12–18 year olds: OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.5–10) and agreement that the child is overweight (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1–5) and, for specific dietary advice, older age (vs. 2–5 year olds: OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1–5) and agreement that the child is overweight (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2–4). Conclusions Findings suggest that weight‐management strategies tailored to child age, gender, overweight severity, race/ethnicity and parental agreement that their child is overweight may prove useful in improving child weight status.
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Penagos-Corzo JC, Bonilla A, Rodríguez-Moreno A, Flores G, Negrete-Díaz JV. Conditional self-discrimination enhances dendritic spine number and dendritic length at prefrontal cortex and hippocampal neurons of rats. Synapse 2015; 69:543-52. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zaballos P, Serrano P, Flores G, Bañuls J, Thomas L, Llambrich A, Castro E, Lallas A, Argenziano G, Zalaudek I, del Pozo LJ, Landi C, Malvehy J. Dermoscopy of tumours arising in naevus sebaceous: a morphological study of 58 cases. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 29:2231-7. [PMID: 26300536 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Naevus sebaceous is a congenital hamartoma commonly associated with the development of secondary neoplasms. There are sparse data relating to the dermoscopy of tumours arising in naevus sebaceous. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the dermoscopic features of a large series of neoplasms arising in naevus sebaceous. METHODS Digital dermoscopic images of 58 histopathologically confirmed cases of secondary neoplasms arising in naevus sebaceous collected from 11 hospitals in Spain, France, Italy and Austria were evaluated for the presence of dermoscopic structures and patterns. RESULTS The most frequent tumours collected were: trichoblastoma (39.6%), basal cell carcinoma (20.7%) and syringocystadenoma papilliferum (15.6%). The most remarkable findings were: (i) the pattern composed of asymmetrical large blue-grey ovoid nests was more common in basal cell carcinomas than in trichoblastoma (58.3% vs. 4.3%; P < 0.001) and the pattern composed of a symmetrical total large blue-grey ovoid nest (a blue-grey homogeneous area which occupies the whole lesion) was more common in trichoblastoma (82.6% vs. 16.6%; P < 0.001); (ii) the most frequent pattern associated with syringocystadenoma papilliferum was a symmetric, erythematous lesion with exophytic papillary structures, ulceration and vessels (55.5%); (iii) the most common pattern associated with apocrine hidrocystomas was a total symmetric homogeneous area and arborizing telangiectasias (60%). CONCLUSIONS Benign adnexal tumours associated with naevus sebaceous are dermoscopic mimickers of basal cell carcinomas. A pigmented nodule arising in a naevus sebaceous with a total blue large ovoid nest on dermoscopy could be a trichoblastoma, basal cell carcinoma, hidrocystoma or hidradenoma. Dermoscopy can be a useful diagnostic tool which generates a more accurate preoperative diagnosis.
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Treviño S, Andrade-García A, Herrera Camacho I, León-Chavez BA, Aguilar-Alonso P, Flores G, Brambila E. Chronic Cadmium Exposure Lead to Inhibition of Serum and Hepatic Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Wistar Rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2015. [PMID: 26214600 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the serum and liver from rats administered with cadmium (Cd) in drinking water was studied. After metal administration, Cd showed a time-dependent accumulation in the liver, meanwhile metallothionein had a maximum increase at 1 month, remaining in this level until the end of the study. On the other hand, serum and liver ALP activity was decreased after 3 months exposure. To determine if Cd produced an inhibition on enzyme, apo-ALP prepared from both nonexposed and exposed rats was reactivated with Zn, showing 60% more activity as compared with the enzyme isolated from nonexposed rats. In vitro assays showed that Cd-ALP was partially reactivated with Zn; however, in the presence of cadmium, Zn-ALP was completely inhibited. Kinetic studies indicate a noncompetitive inhibition by Cd; these results suggest that Cd can substitute Zn, and/or Cd can interact with nucleophilic ligands essential for the enzymatic activity.
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Treviño S, Aguilar-Alonso P, Flores Hernandez JA, Brambila E, Guevara J, Flores G, Lopez-Lopez G, Muñoz-Arenas G, Morales-Medina JC, Toxqui V, Venegas B, Diaz A. A high calorie diet causes memory loss, metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress into hippocampus and temporal cortex of rats. Synapse 2015; 69:421-33. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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98
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Sanchez-Vega L, Juárez I, De Jesus Gomez-Villalobos M, Flores G. Cerebrolysin reverses hippocampal neural atrophy in a mice model of diabetes mellitus type 1. Synapse 2015; 69:326-35. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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99
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Lazcano Z, Solis O, Díaz A, Brambila E, Aguilar-Alonso P, Guevara J, Flores G. Dendritic morphology changes in neurons from the ventral hippocampus, amygdala and nucleus accumbens in rats with neonatal lesions into the prefrontal cortex. Synapse 2015; 69:314-25. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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100
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Jaramillo-Loranca BE, Garcés-Ramírez L, Munguía Rosales AA, Luna Ramírez C, Vargas Hernández G, Morales-Dionisio O, González-Elizalde K, Flores G, Zamudio S, De La Cruz-López F. The sigma agonist 1,3-Di-o-tolyl-guanidine reduces the morphological and behavioral changes induced by neonatal ventral hippocampus lesion in rats. Synapse 2015; 69:213-25. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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