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Drakos S, Hammond E, Clayson S, Revelo M, Stoker S, McCormick A, Smith H, Selzman C, Verma D, Budge D. 243: Impact of Mechanical Unloading on Myocardial Endothelium and Microvasculature. J Heart Lung Transplant 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2009.11.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Loeffler A, Pfeiffer DU, Lloyd DH, Smith H, Soares-Magalhaes R, Lindsay JA. Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage in UK veterinary staff and owners of infected pets: new risk groups. J Hosp Infect 2010; 74:282-8. [PMID: 20080322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2009.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal carriage on admission to hospital remains one of the most important risk factors for subsequent infection. Identification of high risk groups for MRSA carriage is vital for the success of infection control programmes. Veterinary staff may be one such risk group but little is known about pet owners and the role of contact with infected pets. As part of a UK-wide case-control study investigating risk factors for MRSA infection in dogs and cats between 2005 and 2008, 608 veterinary staff and pet owners in contact with 106 MRSA and 91 meticillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA)-infected pets were screened for S. aureus nasal carriage. Laboratory isolation and characterisation included salt broth enrichment, standard and automated microbiological tests, demonstration of the S. aureus-specific thermonuclease gene (nuc) and of mecA, and polymerase chain reaction-based lineage characterisation. MRSA carriage was 12.3% in veterinarians attending MRSA-infected animals and 7.5% in their owners. In the MSSA control group, MRSA carriage was 4.8% in veterinary staff and 0% in owners. Veterinary staff carried MRSA more frequently than owners (odds ratio: 2.33; 95% confidence interval: 1.10-4.93). All MRSA from humans and all but one animal MRSA were CC22 or CC30, typical for hospital MRSA in the UK. This study indicates for the first time an occupational risk for MRSA carriage in small animal general practitioners. Veterinary staff and owners of MRSA-infected pets are high risk groups for MRSA carriage despite not having direct hospital links. Strategies to break the cycle of MRSA infection must take these potential new reservoirs into account.
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Paneesha S, McManus A, Arya R, Scriven N, Farren T, Nokes T, Bacon S, Nieland A, Cooper D, Smith H, O'Shaughnessy D, Rose P. Frequency, demographics and risk (according to tumour type or site) of cancer-associated thrombosis among patients seen at outpatient DVT clinics. Thromb Haemost 2009; 103:338-43. [PMID: 20024496 DOI: 10.1160/th09-06-0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a clinically important complication for both hospitalised and ambulatory cancer patients. In the current study, the frequency, demographics and risk (according to tumour site) of VTE were examined among patients seen at outpatient DVT (deep-vein thrombosis) clinics. Of 10,015 VTE cases, 1,361 were diagnosed with cancer, for an overall rate of cancer-associated VTE of 13.6% in this outpatient population. Patients with cancer-associated VTE were significantly older than cancer-free VTE cases (66.4 +/- 12.7 vs. 58.8 +/- 18.5 years; p<0.0001). The frequency of cancer-associated VTE peaked earlier among females than males, occurring in the sixth (137/639, 21.4% vs. 98/851, 11.3%; p<0.001) and seventh decades (213/980, 21.7% vs. 197/1096, 18%; p=0.036). VTE was described most frequently in common cancers - breast, prostate, colorectal and lung (56.1% of cases). The risk of VTE varied widely across 17 cancer types. Calculating odds ratios (OR) to assess the effect size of cancer type on VTE risk, the highest odds were observed for patients with pancreatic cancer (OR 9.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] (5.51-16.91). Tumours of the head and neck had higher odds than previously reported (OR 8.24, 95% CI 5.06-13.42). Reduced risk estimates were observed for skin cancers (melanoma and non-melanoma: OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.42-1.87; OR 0.74, 95% CI, 0.32-1.69, respectively). We conclude that outpatients have a similar rate of cancer-associated VTE as VTE patient populations previously reported, that cancer-associated VTE occurs in an older age group and earlier in females and that outpatients exhibit distinct tumour site-specific risk from that described among hospitalised cancer patients.
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Little P, Turner S, Rumsby K, Warner G, Moore M, Lowes JA, Smith H, Hawke C, Turner D, Leydon GM, Arscott A, Mullee M. Dipsticks and diagnostic algorithms in urinary tract infection: development and validation, randomised trial, economic analysis, observational cohort and qualitative study. Health Technol Assess 2009; 13:iii-iv, ix-xi, 1-73. [PMID: 19364448 DOI: 10.3310/hta13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate clinical and dipstick predictors of infection and develop and test clinical scores; to compare management using clinical and dipstick scores with commonly used alternative strategies; to estimate the cost-effectiveness of each strategy; and to understand the natural history of urinary tract infection (UTI) and women's concerns about its presentation and management. DESIGN There were six studies: (1) validation development for diagnostic clinical and dipstick scores; (2) validation of the scores developed; (3) observation of the natural history of UTI; (4) randomised controlled trial (RCT) of scores developed in study 1; (5) economic analysis of the RCT; (6) qualitative study of patients in the RCT. SETTING Primary care. PARTICIPANTS Women aged 17-70 with suspected UTI. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomised to five management approaches: empirical antibiotics; empirical delayed antibiotics; target antibiotics based on a higher symptom score; target antibiotics based on dipstick results; or target antibiotics based on a positive mid-stream specimen of urine (MSU). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Antibiotic use, use of MSUs, rates of reconsultation and duration, and severity of symptoms. RESULTS (1) 62.5% of women had confirmed UTI. Only nitrite, leucocyte esterase and blood independently predicted diagnosis of UTI. A dipstick rule--based on having nitrite or both leucocytes and blood--was moderately sensitive (77%) and specific (70%) [positive predictive value (PPV) 81%, negative predictive value (NPV) 65%]. A clinical rule--based on having two of urine cloudiness, offensive smell, reported moderately severe dysuria, moderately severe nocturia--was less sensitive (65%) (specificity 69%, PPV 77%, NPV 54%). (2) 66% of women had confirmed UTI. The predictive values of nitrite, leucocyte esterase and blood were confirmed. The dipstick rule was moderately sensitive (75%) but less specific (66%) (PPV 81%, NPV 57%). (3) Symptoms rated as moderately bad or worse lasted 3.25 days on average for infections sensitive to antibiotics; resistant infections lasted 56% longer, infections not treated with antibiotics 62% longer and symptoms associated with urethral syndrome 33% longer. Symptom duration was shorter if the doctor was perceived to be positive about prognosis, and longer with frequent somatic symptoms, previous history of cystitis, urinary frequency and more severe symptoms at baseline. (4) 66% of the MSU group had laboratory-confirmed UTI. Women suffered 3.5 days of moderately bad symptoms if they took antibiotics immediately but 4.8 days if they delayed taking antibiotics for 48 hours. Taking bicarbonate or cranberry juice had no effect. (5) The MSU group was more costly over 1 month but not over 1 year. Cost-effectiveness acceptability curves showed that for a value per day of moderately bad symptoms of over 10 pounds, the dipstick strategy is most likely to be cost-effective. (6) Fear of spread to the kidneys, blood in the urine, and the impact of symptoms on vocational and leisure activities were important triggers for seeking help. When patients are asked to delay taking antibiotics the uncomfortable and worrying journey from 'person to patient' needs to be acknowledged and the rationale behind delaying the antibiotics made clear. CONCLUSIONS To achieve good symptom control and reduce antibiotic use clinicians should either offer a 48-hour delayed antibiotic prescription to be used at the patient's discretion or target antibiotic treatment by dipsticks (positive nitrite or positive leucocytes and blood) with the offer of a delayed prescription if dipstick results are negative.
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Danopoulos A, Pugh D, Smith H, Saßmannshausen J. Structural and Reactivity Studies of “Pincer” Pyridine Dicarbene Complexes of Fe0: Experimental and Computational Comparison of the Phosphine and NHC Donors. Chemistry 2009; 15:5491-502. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hershkovich J, Broides A, Kirjner L, Smith H, Gorodischer R. Beta lactam allergy and resensitization in children with suspected beta lactam allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 2009; 39:726-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.03180.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nicholls S, Hankins M, Hooley C, Smith H. A survey of the quality and accuracy of information leaflets about skin cancer and sun-protective behaviour available from UK general practices and community pharmacies. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2009; 23:566-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2008.03017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lam T, Olde Riekerink R, Sampimon O, Smith H. Mastitis diagnostics and performance monitoring: a practical approach. Ir Vet J 2009; 62 Suppl 4:S34-39. [PMID: 22081906 PMCID: PMC3339348 DOI: 10.1186/2046-0481-62-s4-s34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper a review is given of frequently used mastitis diagnostic methods in modern dairy practice. Methods used at the quarter, cow, herd and regional or national level are discussed, including their usability for performance monitoring in udder health. Future developments, such as systems in which milk-derived parameters are combined with modern analytical techniques, are discussed. It is concluded that, although much knowledge is available and science is still developing and much knowledge is available, it is not always fully exploited in practice.
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Trivedi M, Burg M, Wee N, Smith H. Intraoperative drugs: audit of prescribing practice. Qual Saf Health Care 2009; 18:160. [DOI: 10.1136/qshc.2007.026286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Smith H, Milne E. Reduced change blindness suggests enhanced attention to detail in individuals with autism. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2009; 50:300-6. [PMID: 19309329 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01957.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phenomenon of change blindness illustrates that a limited number of items within the visual scene are attended to at any one time. It has been suggested that individuals with autism focus attention on less contextually relevant aspects of the visual scene, show superior perceptual discrimination and notice details which are often ignored by typical observers. METHODS In this study we investigated change blindness in autism by asking participants to detect continuity errors deliberately introduced into a short film. Whether the continuity errors involved central/marginal or social/non-social aspects of the visual scene was varied. Thirty adolescent participants, 15 with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) and 15 typically developing (TD) controls participated. RESULTS The participants with ASD detected significantly more errors than the TD participants. Both groups identified more errors involving central rather than marginal aspects of the scene, although this effect was larger in the TD participants. There was no difference in the number of social or non-social errors detected by either group of participants. CONCLUSION In line with previous data suggesting an abnormally broad attentional spotlight and enhanced perceptual function in individuals with ASD, the results of this study suggest enhanced awareness of the visual scene in ASD. The results of this study could reflect superior top-down control of visual search in autism, enhanced perceptual function, or inefficient filtering of visual information in ASD.
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Alexander S, Ison C, Parry J, Llewellyn C, Wayal S, Richardson D, Phillips A, Smith H, Fisher M. Self-taken pharyngeal and rectal swabs are appropriate for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in asymptomatic men who have sex with men. Sex Transm Infect 2009; 84:488-92. [PMID: 19028953 DOI: 10.1136/sti.2008.031443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Self-taken specimens from men who have sex with men (MSM) could be important in reducing high levels of demand on sexual health services. The performance of self-taken specimens for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) from both pharyngeal and rectal sites in asymptomatic MSM was assessed. METHODS MSM were examined according to clinic protocol: a rectal and pharyngeal swab for GC culture and a rectal swab for the CT strand displacement assay. An extra set of nurse-taken and self-taken pharyngeal and rectal specimens were also requested and were tested using the Aptima Combo 2 assay and the result compared with the routine clinic result, which was considered the gold standard. RESULTS A total of 272 MSM was recruited and the sensitivity and specificity of nurse-taken and patient-taken swabs, respectively, was as follows: rectal GC: 94.9% and 90.1% (nurse); 92.3% and 87.9% (patient); pharyngeal GC: 88.2% and 91.8% (nurse); 100% and 87.8% (patient); rectal CT: 80.0% and 99.6% (nurse); 91.4% and 98.2% (patient). No significant difference in sensitivity or specificity was observed between the nurse-taken and the patient-taken rectal swabs for either GC or CT. For the detection of GC from the pharynx, comparable sensitivities were achieved between nurse-taken and patient-taken swabs (p = 0.5); however, a significant difference in specificity was observed (p = 0.006). This was due to a higher number of false GC-positive self-taken pharyngeal swabs from patients with high rates (90.9%; 10/11) of confirmed concurrent GC infection in different anatomical sites. CONCLUSIONS MSM are able to collect self-taken rectal and pharyngeal swabs that are comparable to those taken by clinicians.
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Pockney P, Primrose J, George S, Jayatilleke N, Leppard B, Smith H, Little P, Kneebone R, Lowy A. Recognition of skin malignancy by general practitioners: observational study using data from a population-based randomised controlled trial. Br J Cancer 2009; 100:24-7. [PMID: 19127264 PMCID: PMC2634694 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin malignancy is an important cause of mortality in the United Kingdom and is rising in incidence every year. Most skin cancer presents in primary care, and an important determinant of outcome is initial recognition and management of the lesion. Here we present an observational study of interobserver agreement using data from a population-based randomised controlled trial of minor surgery. Trial participants comprised patients presenting in primary care and needing minor surgery in whom recruiting doctors felt to be able to offer treatment themselves or to be able to refer to a colleague in primary care. They are thus relatively unselected. The skin procedures undertaken in the randomised controlled trial generated 491 lesions with a traceable histology report: 36 lesions (7%) from 33 individuals were malignant or pre-malignant. Chance-corrected agreement (κ) between general practitioner (GP) diagnosis of malignancy and histology was 0.45 (0.36–0.54) for lesions and 0.41 (0.32–0.51) for individuals affected with malignancy. Sensitivity of GPs for the detection of malignant lesions was 66.7% (95% confidence interval (CI), 50.3–79.8) for lesions and 63.6% (95% CI, 46.7–77.8) for individuals affected with malignancy. The safety of patients is of paramount importance and it is unsafe to leave the diagnosis and treatment of potential skin malignancy in the hands of doctors who have limited training and experience. However, the capacity to undertake all of the minor surgical demand works demanded in hospitals does not exist. If the capacity to undertake it is present in primary care, then the increased costs associated with enhanced training for general medical practitioners (GPs) must be borne.
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George S, Pockney P, Primrose J, Smith H, Little P, Kinley H, Kneebone R, Lowy A, Leppard B, Jayatilleke N, McCabe C. A prospective randomised comparison of minor surgery in primary and secondary care. The MiSTIC trial. Health Technol Assess 2008; 12:iii-iv, ix-38. [PMID: 18505669 DOI: 10.3310/hta12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether there is equivalence in the competence of GPs and hospital doctors to perform a range of elective minor surgical procedures, in terms of the safety, quality and cost of care. DESIGN A prospective randomised controlled equivalence trial was undertaken in consenting patients presenting at general practices and needing minor surgery. SETTING The study was conducted in the south of England. PARTICIPANTS Consenting patients presenting at general practices who needed minor surgery in specified categories for whom the recruiting doctor felt able to offer treatment or to be able to refer to a colleague in primary care. INTERVENTIONS On presentation to their GP, patients were randomised to either treatment within primary care or treatment at their local hospital. Evaluation was by assessment of clinical quality and safety of outcome, supplemented by examination of patient satisfaction and cost-effectiveness. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Two independent observers assessed surgical quality by blinded assessment of wound appearance, between 6 and 8 weeks postsurgery, from photographs of wounds. Other measures included satisfaction with care, safety of surgery in terms of recognition of and appropriate treatment of skin malignancies, and resource use and implications. RESULTS The 568 patients recruited (284 primary care, 284 hospital) were randomised by 82 GPs. In total, 637 skin procedures plus 17 ingrowing toenail procedures were performed (313 primary care, 341 hospital) by 65 GPs and 60 hospital doctors. Surgical quality was assessed for 273 (87%) primary care and 316 (93%) hospital lesions. Mean visual analogue scale score in hospital was significantly higher than that in primary care [mean difference=5.46 on 100-point scale; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.925 to 9.99], but the clinical importance of the difference was uncertain. Hospital doctors were better at achieving complete excision of malignancies, with a difference that approached statistical significance [7/16 GP (44%) versus 15/20 hospital (75%), chi(2)=3.65, p=0.056]. The proportion of patients with post-operative complications was similar in both groups. The mean cost for hospital-based minor surgery was 1222.24 pounds and for primary care 449.74 pounds. Using postoperative complications as an outcome, both effectiveness and costs of the alternative interventions are uncertain. Using completeness of excision of malignancy as an outcome, hospital minor surgery becomes more cost-effective. The 705 skin procedures undertaken in this trial generated 491 lesions with a traceable histology report: 36 lesions (7%) from 33 individuals were malignant or premalignant. Chance-corrected agreement (kappa) between GP diagnosis of malignancy and histology was 0.45 (95% CI 0.36 to 0.54) for lesions and 0.41 (95% CI 0.32 to 0.51) for individuals affected by malignancy. Sensitivity of GPs for detection of malignant lesions was 66.7% (95% CI 50.3 to 79.8) for lesions and 63.6% (95% CI 46.7 to 77.8) for individuals affected by malignancy. CONCLUSIONS The quality of minor surgery carried out in general practice is not as high as that carried out in hospital, using surgical quality as the primary outcome, although the difference is not large. Patients are more satisfied if their procedure is performed in primary care, largely because of convenience. However, there are clear deficiencies in GPs' ability to recognise malignant lesions, and there may be differences in completeness of excision when compared with hospital doctors. The safety of patients is of paramount importance and this study does not demonstrate that minor surgery carried out in primary care is safe as it is currently practised. There are several alternative models of minor surgery provision worthy of consideration, including ones based in primary care that require all excised tissue to be sent for histological examination, or that require further training of GPs to undertake the necessary work. The results of this study suggest that a hospital-based service is more cost-effective. It must be concluded that it is unsafe to leave minor surgery in the hands of doctors who have never been trained to do it. Further work is required to determine GPs' management of a range of skin conditions (including potentially life-threatening malignancies), rather than just their recognition of them. Further economic modelling work is required to look at the potential costs of training sufficient numbers of GPs and GPs with special interests to meet the demand for minor surgery safely in primary care, and of the alternative of transferring minor surgery large-scale to the hospital sector. Different models of provision need thorough testing before widespread introduction.
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Sayar H, Shen Z, Lee SJ, Royce M, Rabinowitz I, Lee F, Smith H, Eberhardt S, Maestas A, Lu H, Verschraegen C. Phase I study of capecitabine in combination with cisplatin and irinotecan in patients with advanced solid malignancies. Invest New Drugs 2008; 27:153-8. [PMID: 18773144 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-008-9172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This phase I trial assessed the safety and the maximum tolerated dose of capecitabine given for 10 days prior to a combination of cisplatin and irinotecan in patients with advanced solid malignancies. It also evaluated the changes in cisplatin DNA adducts induced by capecitabine. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with refractory solid tumors who had not failed 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) analogs or topoisomerase I inhibitors were eligible. All cohorts of patients first received a 28-day cycle of cisplatin and irinotecan. Both drugs were given at a dose of 50 mg/m(2) intravenously on day 1, followed by irinotecan on days 8 and 15 at the same dose. The first cycle served as an internal control. Starting from the second cycle, patients received increasing doses per cohort of capecitabine from day 1 to 10 of each cycle, followed by cisplatin on day 11 and irinotecan on days 11, 18 and 25, both at same doses as the first cycle. Cycles were repeated every 38 days. The starting dose of capecitabine was 500 mg/m(2)/day which was escalated by 250 mg/m(2)/day in the subsequent cohort of patients to reach the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Later, additional patients were treated at the MTD of capecitabine to further evaluate the safety, pharmacodynamics, and tumor response. Patients blood was tested for cisplatin-DNA adducts to determine the impact of capecitabine on cisplatin-based therapy. RESULTS Fifteen patients received at least 2 cycles of treatment. At 1,250 mg/m(2), two DLT of prolonged neutropenia of grade > or =3 were observed. The MTD for capecitabine was thus determined to be 1000 mg/m(2)/day. Fatigue and diarrhea of grade 1 or 2 were the most frequent toxicities at this dose level. No significant hematologic toxicity was observed at the MTD. Two complete and three partial remissions were observed. Four of the responders had received a platinum agent and/or 5-FU in the past. CONCLUSIONS A sequential treatment with capecitabine followed by cisplatin and irinotecan is well tolerated and demonstrates clinical activity in patients with advanced solid malignancies. The influence of capecitabine, if any, on the efficacy of the cisplatin-irinotecan combination is not related to a variation in cisplatin-DNA adducts.
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Shoham Z, Smith H, Yeko T, O'Brien F, Hemsey G, O'Dea L. Recombinant LH (lutropin alfa) for the treatment of hypogonadotrophic women with profound LH deficiency: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof-of-efficacy study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2008; 69:471-8. [PMID: 18485121 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03299.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To confirm the safety and efficacy of 75 IU lutropin alfa with concomitant follitropin alfa in inducing follicular development in women with profound gonadotrophin deficiency. DESIGN Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial conducted in 25 medical centres in four countries. PATIENTS Thirty-nine patients with LH < 1.2 IU/l and FSH < 5.0 IU/l were treated with concomitant 75 IU lutropin alfa and 150 IU follitropin alfa or concomitant placebo and 150 IU follitropin alfa. MEASUREMENTS Primary efficacy end-point (intent-to-treat): follicular development defined by (i) at least one follicle >or= 17 mm; (ii) serum E(2) level >or= 400 pmol/l on day of hCG administration (DhCG); and (iii) mid-luteal phase progesterone level >or= 25 nmol/l. RESULTS In the analysis of evaluable patients, 66.7% (16 of 24) of patients given lutropin alfa achieved follicular development compared with 20.0% (2 of 10) of patients receiving placebo (P = 0.023). In the intent-to-treat analysis, follicular development was achieved in 65.4% (17 of 26) of patients receiving lutropin alfa and 15.4% (2 of 13) of patients receiving placebo (P = 0.006). The statistical difference between treatment groups was preserved when over-response leading to cycle cancellation was analysed as a failed response (P = 0.034). Lutropin alfa was well tolerated. CONCLUSION Subcutaneous co-administration of 75 IU lutropin alfa with follitropin alfa is safe and effective in inducing follicular development in women with profound gonadotrophin deficiency.
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Wayal S, Llewellyn C, Smith H, Hankins M, Phillips A, Richardson D, Fisher M. Self-sampling for oropharyngeal and rectal specimens to screen for sexually transmitted infections: acceptability among men who have sex with men. Sex Transm Infect 2008; 85:60-4. [PMID: 18708480 DOI: 10.1136/sti.2008.032193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the feasibility and acceptability of self-sampling for oropharyngeal and rectal specimens to screen for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among men who have sex with men (MSM). Participant's willingness to self-sample at home was also explored. METHODS Participants of a study to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of self versus nurse taken oropharyngeal and rectal specimens were surveyed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of self-sampling using specimen collection methods (gargle, OraSure mouth pad to collect oropharyngeal specimens and APTIMA unisex swabs to collect rectal and pharyngeal specimens). Acceptability was measured using a five-point Likert-type response scale (for example, 1 = strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree). Open-ended questions explored participants' experiences of self-sampling. RESULTS Of 334 eligible MSM, 301 (90%) participated in the study. Altogether, 301 participants self-sampled using gargle and rectal and pharyngeal swabs and 288 using mouth pad. Complete questionnaire data from 274 participants showed that feasibility and acceptability of self-sampling using gargle and mouth pad was higher (92%) than pharyngeal swabs (76%). Rectal swabs were acceptable to 82% participants. Despite some discomfort and difficulty in using swabs, 76% were willing to use all four methods for self-sampling in the future. Home sampling was acceptable (84%) as it was perceived to be less intrusive and more convenient than a clinic visit and likely to reduce genitourinary medicine (GUM) waiting time. CONCLUSIONS Self-sampling for rectal and oropharyngeal specimens is feasible and acceptable to MSM. Self-sampling can be offered as an alternative to clinic-based testing and has the potential to improve choice, access and uptake of screening for STIs.
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Bruun GM, Recati A, Pethick CJ, Smith H, Stringari S. Collisional properties of a polarized Fermi gas with resonant interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:240406. [PMID: 18643559 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.240406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Highly polarized mixtures of atomic Fermi gases constitute a novel Fermi liquid. We demonstrate how information on thermodynamic properties may be used to calculate quasiparticle scattering amplitudes even when the interaction is resonant and apply the results to evaluate the damping of the spin dipole mode. We estimate that under current experimental conditions the mode would be intermediate between the hydrodynamic and collisionless limits.
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Nair M, Mark R, Smith H, Neumann T, Anderson P. SU-GG-T-437: Localization and Treatment of Essential Tremors Using Gamma Knife Radiosurgery. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2962185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Huang CH, Williamson SK, VanVeldhuizen PJ, Hsueh CT, Allen A, Smith H, Mayo M, Tawfik O, Uypeckcuat AM, Kelly K. PDGFR inhibition using imatinib (I) combined with docetaxel (D), a potential new treatment strategy in the treatment of recurrent non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Preliminary efficacy results. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.19055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Sayar H, Verschraegen CF, Smith H, Rabinowitz I, Lee FC, Shen Z. Phase I study of capecitabine (C) in combination with cisplatin (DDP) and irinotecan (IRI) in patients (pts) with advanced solid malignancies. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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172
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Smith C, Smith H, Seaton RA, Fox R. Seroprevalence of schistosomiasis in African patients infected with HIV. HIV Med 2008; 9:436-9. [PMID: 18459948 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2008.00575.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis is a highly prevalent parasitic infection causing significant morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Infection is asymptomatic for many years. Long-term complications such as portal hypertension and bladder cancer can be prevented by treatment with praziquantel. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of schistosomiasis in HIV-infected African patients attending our department. METHODS From March 2005, all patients of African origin attending our HIV clinics were tested for schistosomal antibodies using a peroxidase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Stool and urine specimens from seropositive patients were examined for ova. All seropositive patients were offered treatment with praziquantel. RESULTS Of 122 patients tested, 21 (17%) were ELISA positive for schistosomiasis. Ova were found in stools from four patients and on a cervical smear in one patient. There were no significant differences between infected and uninfected patients other than the presence of eosinophilia (48 vs. 6%; P<0.001), and 17 seropositive patients were treated with praziquantel. CONCLUSIONS The seroprevalence of schistosomiasis in HIV-infected patients of African origin in the UK is high. We recommend that screening for schistosomiasis should be offered to these patients and those found to be positive treated with praziquantel.
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Klein C, Smith H. Nutzung der Capno-Volumetrie allein und in Kombination mit anderen Verfahren der Funktionsdiagnostik beim Pferd. Pneumologie 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1074474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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174
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Marek W, Kotschy-Lang N, Mückenhoff K, Marek E, Smith H. Korrelation von Atemarbeit und Strömungswiderständen in der Lunge. Pneumologie 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1074393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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175
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Dressel H, Jobst A, de la Motte D, Huber R, Gamarra F, Stratakis D, Nährig S, Seißler J, Smith H, Steinhäusser W, Nowak D, Jörres R. Volumenabhängigkeit des ganzkörperplethysmographisch bestimmten Atemwegswiderstandes – Differenzierung von Übergewicht und Atemwegsobstruktion. Pneumologie 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1074279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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176
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Smith H, Ruf C, Vogel J. Bodyplethysmographisch und oszillometrisch bestimmte Atmungswiderstände im Vergleich. Pneumologie 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1076132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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177
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Marek W, Kotschy-Lang N, Mückenhoff K, Marek E, Smith H. Korrelation von Atemarbeit und Strömungswiderständen in den Atemwegen von Patienten mit obstruktiven Lungenerkrankungen. Pneumologie 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1076129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hu D, Liu X, Chen J, Wang Y, Wang T, Zeng W, Smith H, Garner P. Direct observation and adherence to tuberculosis treatment in Chongqing, China: a descriptive study. Health Policy Plan 2007; 23:43-55. [DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czm038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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179
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Jacob R, Nordal R, Smith H, Kim R, Popple R, Fiveash J. Whole Pelvic and Hypofractionated Prostate Irradiation Using Simultaneous Integrated Boost (SIB) Technique: Report of Early Toxicity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.07.1438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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180
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Chalk M, Smith H. Training Professionals to Run Social Skills Groups for Children. EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY IN PRACTICE 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/0266736950110205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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181
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Smith H, Sampimon OC, Lam TJGM. [Mammary gland health: bacteriologic diagnostic test]. TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR DIERGENEESKUNDE 2007; 132:740-743. [PMID: 17966318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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182
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Stafford R, Kirk M, Selvey C, Staines D, Smith H, Towner C, Salter M. An outbreak of multi-resistant Shigella sonnei in Australia: possible link to the outbreak of shigellosis in Denmark associated with imported baby corn from Thailand. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 12:E070913.1. [PMID: 17900420 DOI: 10.2807/esw.12.37.03266-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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183
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Samuel VM, Moses J, North N, Smith H, Thorne K. Spinal cord injury rehabilitation: the experience of women. Spinal Cord 2007; 45:758-64. [PMID: 17768426 DOI: 10.1038/sj.sc.3102111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Qualitative study. OBJECTIVES To develop the knowledge base regarding women's experiences of spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation. SETTING United Kingdom. METHODS Qualitative interviews with 10 women from four regional SCI rehabilitation centres were transcribed verbatim and analysed according to grounded theory. RESULTS The central psychosocial problem identified for women during SCI rehabilitation was vulnerability. Vulnerability was amplified by lack of privacy within the rehabilitation centre, by negative staff interactions (associated with perceived lack of control and lack of respect) and by women's minority status in the rehabilitation setting, which at times left women feeling marginalized and inferior. Vulnerability was contained by: negotiating privacy and space; receiving support and encouragement from staff, other patients and family; and by adopting a positive attitude. CONCLUSION The SCI rehabilitation environment and interactions within it have the potential to influence significantly, either positively or negatively, women's feelings and behaviours as they begin to negotiate a revised identity as a disabled person. There is a need for further research to be carried out in this area in order that women's needs and concerns can be better understood and clinical practice developed accordingly.
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Matigian N, Windus L, Smith H, Filippich C, Pantelis C, McGrath J, Mowry B, Hayward N. Expression profiling in monozygotic twins discordant for bipolar disorder reveals dysregulation of the WNT signalling pathway. Mol Psychiatry 2007; 12:815-25. [PMID: 17440432 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To identify genes dysregulated in bipolar disorder (BD1), we carried out global gene expression profiling using whole-genome microarrays. To minimize genetic variation in gene expression levels between cases and controls, we compared expression profiles in lymphoblastoid cell lines from monozygotic twin pairs discordant for the disease. We identified 82 genes that were differentially expressed by >or=1.3-fold in three BD1 cases compared to their co-twins, and which were statistically (P<or=0.05) differentially expressed between the groups of BD1 cases and controls. Using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, we confirmed the differential expression of some of these genes, including: KCNK1, MAL, PFN2, TCF7, PGK1 and PI4KCB, in at least two of the twin pairs. In contrast to the findings of a previous study by Kakiuchi and colleagues with similar discordant BD1 twin design, our data do not support the dysregulation of XBP1 and HSPA5. From pathway and gene ontology analysis, we identified upregulation of the WNT signalling pathway and the biological process of apoptosis. The differentially regulated genes and pathways identified in this study may provide insights into the biology of BD1.
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Smith H, Anderson F, Raphael H, Maslin P, Crozier S, Cooper C. Effect of annual intramuscular vitamin D on fracture risk in elderly men and women a population-based, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2007; 46:1852-7. [PMID: 17998225 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kem240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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186
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Meng F, Wehbe-Janek H, Henson R, Smith H, Patel T. Epigenetic regulation of microRNA-370 by interleukin-6 in malignant human cholangiocytes. Oncogene 2007; 27:378-86. [PMID: 17621267 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is overexpressed and contributes to tumor cell growth in cholangiocarcinoma. Enforced IL-6 production can alter the expression of specific microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in tumor growth, and moreover can modulate expression of methylation-dependent genes. Thus, we assessed the methylation-dependent regulation of miRNA expression in human malignant cholangiocytes stably transfected to overexpress IL-6. The expression of the methyltransferases DNA methyltransferase enzyme-1 and HASJ4442 was increased by IL-6 overexpression, but was decreased by the methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-CdR). Expression profiling identified seven miRNAs that were significantly downregulated by IL-6 overexpression (<0.4-fold) and upregulated (>2-fold) by 5-aza-CdR. One of these, miR-370, is embedded in a CpG island. Although 5-aza-CdR increased miR-370 expression by 2.1-fold in malignant cells, the expression in nonmalignant cells was unchanged. The oncogene mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8 (MAP3K8) was identified as a target of miR-370, and its expression was decreased by 5-aza-CdR in cholangiocarcinoma cells. Overexpression of IL-6 reduced miR-370 expression and reinstated MAP3K8 expression in vitro as well as in tumor cell xenografts in vivo. Thus, IL-6 may contribute to tumor growth by modulation of expression of selected miRNAs, such as miR-370. These studies define a mechanism by which inflammation-associated cytokines can epigenetically modulate gene expression and directly contribute to tumor biology.
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Huang CH, Williamson S, Van Veldhuizen PJ, Hsueh CT, Smith H, Mayo M, Allen A, Kelly K. Phase II trial of imatinib (I) and docetaxel (D) in recurrent non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.18132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
18132 Background: Second line monotherapy for NSCLC produces a response rate of 9% and a median survival of 7–8 months, regardless of the agent used. Emerging data suggest that combining an approved agent with an anti-angiogenesis inhibitor may improve efficacy in the salvage setting. Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptor alpha (PDGFR-alpha) is involved in angiogenesis and its expression has been reported in 100% of adenocarcinoma (11/11) and 89% of squamous cell (16/18) lung cancer specimens in a small group sample. Preclinical models have shown that I inhibits PDGFR and may subsequently inhibit angiogenesis. In addition, I + D have additive anticancer activity. We initiated a phase II trial of I +D to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this combination regimen in recurrent NSCLC. Methods: Patients (pts)with pathologically confirmed NSCLC, measurable disease, no more than 1 previous platinum-based chemotherapy regimen, PS 0–1, clinically stable brain metastases and adequate organ function were eligible. Tumor samples, when available, were tested for PDGFR expression by immunohistochemistry. All pts received D 30mg/m2 intravenously weekly x 3 every 4 weeks and oral I 600mg daily for 4 cycles. Non- progressors after 4 cycles continued with I alone for a total of 12 months or until progression. Tumor response was assessed every 2 cycles. The primary endpoint was response rate. A Simon two-stage design was used with 16 patients in the first stage and accrual of a total of 32 patients planned. Results: Currently 15/16 patients for stage I of the protocol have been enrolled. A total of 24 cycles of combined I+D were given. Patient characteristics and toxicity data are described in the table below. Efficacy data is premature. Conclusion : I +D combination has been well tolerated in this relapsed population. A detailed toxicity, efficacy and PDGFR analysis will be presented. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Thomas HL, Smith H. Correlation of vapour pressure, temperature, and latent heat of vaporisation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/jctb.5010200107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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189
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Grinberg A, Lopez-Villalobos N, Pomroy W, Widmer G, Smith H, Tait A. Host-shaped segregation of the Cryptosporidium parvum multilocus genotype repertoire. Epidemiol Infect 2007; 136:273-8. [PMID: 17394677 PMCID: PMC2870797 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268807008345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cattle are among the major reservoirs of Cryptosporidium parvum in nature. However, the relative contribution of C. parvum oocysts originating from cattle to human disease burden is difficult to assess, as various transmission pathways -- including the human to human route -- can co-occur. In this study, multilocus genotype richness of representative samples of human and bovine C. parvum are compared statistically using analytical rarefaction and non-parametric taxonomic richness estimators. Results suggest that in the time and space frames underlying the analysed data, humans were infected with significantly wider spectra of C. parvum genotypes than cattle, and consequently, a significant fraction of human infections may not have originated from the regional bovine reservoirs. This study provides statistical support to the emerging idea of the existence of distinct anthroponotic C. parvum cycles that do not involve cattle.
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190
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Theall KP, Clark RA, Powell A, Smith H, Kissinger P. Alcohol consumption, ART usage and high-risk sex among women infected with HIV. AIDS Behav 2007; 11:205-15. [PMID: 16897350 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-006-9159-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We examine the role of alcohol consumption on sexual risk behavior among a cohort of 187 sexually active HIV-infected women (aged 18-61) in care at an urban ambulatory clinic in New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S. Sexual risk behavior among women on and off antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the relationship between alcohol use, ART, and behavior was also explored. One-fourth of respondents were classified as binge drinkers and the average number of drinking occasions per week ranged from none to 10-12. Approximately 60% were prescribed ART and self-reported adherence was 90%. One-third of the women reported no condom use at last vaginal sex, 62% reported inconsistent condom use for vaginal sex, and 7% had multiple male sex partners in the last month. Binge alcohol users and women on ART were significantly more likely to participate in each sexual risk outcome examined. Partner refusal of condom use was also significantly associated with binge drinking patterns. Results lend strength to the equivocal literature on the relationship between both alcohol and prescription of ART and sexual behavior. Enhanced detection of alcohol abuse, coupled with risk reduction counseling especially among women prescribed ART are important clinical practices in treating women with HIV.
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191
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Seddon HJ, Medawar PB, Smith H. Rate of regeneration of peripheral nerves in man. J Physiol 2007; 102:191-215. [PMID: 16991601 PMCID: PMC1393392 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1943.sp004027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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192
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Rempel GA, Legzdins P, Smith H, Wilkinson G, Ucko DA. Tetrakis(acetato)dirhodium(II) and Similar Carboxylato Compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470132449.ch16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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193
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Frew A, Wade J, Smith H. Allergy Tests Available over the Internet; 'Caveat emptor!'. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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194
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Hader C, Kreutzenbeck M, Schäfer T, Smith H, Ulmer W, Rasche K. Bodypletysmographisch gemessene Resistance-/Volumenkurven: Ein neues Verfahren zur Beurteilung der Dynamik des Atemwegswiderstandes bei Ruheatmung. Pneumologie 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-973246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Serum haptoglobin levels have been studied in patients with a number of haemolytic disorders. In general, serum haptoglobins were low in patients with increased haemolysis. Values were reduced irrespective of whether haemolysis occurred intravascularly or extravascularly. The reduction was related to the amount of haemoglobin destroyed per day. Serum haptoglobins may be raised in certain neoplasms and infections and during adrenocortical steroid hormone therapy. A rise in haptoglobins due to one of these factors may mask a fall due to haemolysis. Thus a normal or raised serum haptoglobin does not necessarily exclude a haemolytic process.
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Smith H. The virulence-enhancing factor of mucins. 1. A biological assay of virulence-enhancing activity. Biochem J 2006; 46:352-6. [PMID: 16748689 PMCID: PMC1275144 DOI: 10.1042/bj0460352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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198
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Smith H. The virulence-enhancing factor of mucins. 2. Fractionation studies on hog gastric mucin. Biochem J 2006; 46:356-63. [PMID: 16748690 PMCID: PMC1275145 DOI: 10.1042/bj0460356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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200
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Smith H, Nichols RAB. Zoonotic protozoa--food for thought. PARASSITOLOGIA 2006; 48:101-4. [PMID: 16881407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Outbreaks of water- and foodborne diseases caused by Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Toxoplasma are well documented. Three features of these zoonotic protozoa ensure a high level of environmental contamination and enhance the likelihood of waterborne transmission. Firstly, they are responsible for disease in a broad range of hosts including man, have a low infectious dose enhancing the possibility of zoonotic transmission, secondly, their transmissive stages are small in size and environmentally robust and thirdly are insensitive to the disinfectants commonly used in the water industry. In addition, there is growing evidence for the role that water and food can play in the transmission of the microsporidia, Balantidium and Blastocystis to humans.
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