76
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Kaufmann M, Minckwitz G, Finn H, Schmid H, Goerttler K, Bastert G. Combination of Grading and New Biological Factors (S-Phase Fraction and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) Can Predict Relapse and Survival in Patients with Node-Negative Primary Breast Cancer. Oncol Res Treat 2009. [DOI: 10.1159/000218403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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77
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Pohlodek K, Leppien G, Schmid H, Kaufmann M. Angiosarcoma of the Breast. Oncol Res Treat 2009. [DOI: 10.1159/000218420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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78
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Vasko R, Koziolek M, Ikehata M, Rastaldi MP, Jung K, Schmid H, Kretzler M, Müller GA, Strutz F. Role of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) in diabetic nephropathy and mechanisms of its induction by hyperglycemia in human renal fibroblasts. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009; 296:F1452-63. [PMID: 19279131 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.90352.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) plays a role in renal fibrogenesis, although its potential implications for tubulointerstitial involvement in diabetic nephropathy are unknown. We evaluated the expression of FGF-2 in kidney biopsies from patients with diabetic nephropathy and studied the mechanisms of its induction in human renal fibroblasts under hyperglycemia. Tubulointerstitial expression of FGF-2 was significantly upregulated in diabetic nephropathy compared with control kidneys with a good correlation to the degree of the injury. Fibroblasts cultivated in high glucose displayed increased FGF-2 mRNA as well as protein synthesis and secretion compared with normal glucose. Proliferation rates under hyperglycemia were significantly higher and could be almost completely inhibited by addition of a neutralizing FGF-2 antibody. Alterations in proliferation were associated with changes in p27(kip1) expression. Hyperglycemia induced the expression of PKC-beta1 and PKC-beta2; however, only inhibition of PKC-beta1 but not PKC-beta2 led to a significant decrease of FGF-2 levels. Relevance of the culture findings and functional association was corroborated by colocalization of FGF-2 and PKC-beta in human diabetic kidneys in vivo. High glucose stimulated fibronectin synthesis and secretion, which could be substantially prevented by inhibition of PKC-beta1 and to a lesser extent by inhibiting the FGF-2. Expression of active phosphorylated form of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase was upregulated under hyperglycemia; however, its inhibition had no effects on FGF-2 synthesis. Our results implicate a role of FGF-2 in high glucose-altered molecular signaling in pathogenesis of diabetic renal disease.
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79
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Zamani-Meymian MR, Peithmann K, Maier K, Schmid H, Mader W. Direct visualization of damage cascades in lithium niobate crystals caused by high-energy ions. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:075402. [PMID: 21817326 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/7/075402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Congruently melting undoped lithium niobate crystals are irradiated with 20 MeV (3)He ions which penetrate the entire crystal volume. Radiation damage effects are directly visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) where damage zones with diameters of 4 nm give rise to circular Fresnel fringe contrasts. These regions of modified material, appearing circular in cross-section, are interpreted as damage cascades inflicted by fast Nb and O atoms displaced in knock-on collisions with primary (3)He ions. This two-step displacement process results in local density changes manifested by the contrast behaviour of Fresnel fringes observed in TEM images.
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80
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Wörnle M, Sauter M, Kastenmüller K, Ribeiro A, Roeder M, Schmid H, Krötz F, Mussack T, Ladurner R, Sitter T. Novel role of toll-like receptor 3, RIG-I and MDA5 in poly (I:C) RNA-induced mesothelial inflammation. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 322:193-206. [PMID: 19005739 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-008-9957-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 10/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Viral inflammation and infection of mesothelial cells (MC) are a major problem in several organ systems including pleura, pericardium and peritoneum. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an essential part of the innate immune system for early recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. TLRs recognise molecular patterns associated with microbial pathogens and induce an immune response. TLR3 recognises dsRNA of viral origin as exemplified by poly (I:C) RNA, a synthetic analogue of viral dsRNA. The helicases RIG-I and MDA5 may also act as sensors of viral infections. MC exhibit an expression of TLR3, RIG-I and MDA5. Poly (I:C) RNA stimulation resulted in an up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines as well as type I interferons. This novel finding of functional expression of viral sensors on human MC may indicate a novel link between viral infections and mesothelial inflammation and indicates a pathophysiologic role of viral receptors in these processes.
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81
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Sauter M, Schmid H, Anders HJ, Heller F, Weiss M, Sitter T. Loss of a renal graft due to recurrence of anti-GBM disease despite rituximab therapy. Clin Transplant 2009; 23:132-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2008.00912.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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82
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Schmid H, Hächler H, Stephan R, Baumgartner A, Boubaker K. Outbreak of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in Switzerland, May – June 2008, implications for production and control of meat preparations. Euro Surveill 2008. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.13.44.19020-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An increased number of Salmonella Typhimurium cases were reported in Switzerland between May and June 2008. Investigations involved 72 cases. Results of PFGE typing identified several outbreak strains, the dominating one present in 43 of the 72 isolates. Strains affecting one third of the cases were also found in animal samples, in particular pork. However, no specific food source could be identified. Outbreaks described in this paper highlight the importance of food safety regulations such as those on minced meat and meat preparations issued by the European Commission and adopted by Switzerland into the national law.
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83
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Schmid H, Hachler H, Stephan R, Baumgartner A, Boubaker K. Outbreak of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in Switzerland, May-June 2008, implications for production and control of meat preparations. Euro Surveill 2008; 13:pii: 19020. [PMID: 19000565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
An increased number of Salmonella Typhimurium cases were reported in Switzerland between May and June 2008. Investigations involved 72 cases. Results of PFGE typing identified several outbreak strains, the dominating one present in 43 of the 72 isolates. Strains affecting one third of the cases were also found in animal samples, in particular pork. However, no specific food source could be identified. Outbreaks described in this paper highlight the importance of food safety regulations such as those on minced meat and meat preparations issued by the European Commission and adopted by Switzerland into the national law.
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84
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Van Aken BB, Rivera JP, Schmid H, Fiebig M. Anisotropy of antiferromagnetic 180 degrees domains in LiCoPO4 and LiNiPO4. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:157202. [PMID: 18999633 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.157202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Unexpected three-dimensional distributions of antiferromagnetic 180 degrees domains are observed in LiCoPO4 and LiNiPO4 by optical second harmonic generation. Domains in LiCoPO4 are isotropic in spite of the quasi-two-dimensional magnetic structure whereas domains in LiNiPO4 are distinctly anisotropic, but in contrast to the anisotropy of the magnetic structure. The diversity reveals a potential for fine-tuning magnetic properties determined by the distribution of domains or domain walls and the urgent need for an improved understanding of spatial correlations in antiferromagnets.
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85
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Pastore R, Schmid H, Altpeter E, Baumgartner A, Hächler H, Imhof R, Sudre P, Boubaker K. Outbreak of Salmonella serovar Stanley infections in Switzerland linked to locally produced soft cheese, September 2006 – February 2007. Euro Surveill 2008; 13. [PMID: 18801315 DOI: 10.2807/ese.13.37.18979-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella serovar Stanley is rare in Europe. In Switzerland, the number of reported isolates has increased from 2 in 2000 to 25 in 2005. A nationwide outbreak of gastrointestinal illness due to S. Stanley occurred from September 2006 through February 2007. Eighty-two cases were documented. Males were 56%; mean age of the cases was 45.7 years (range 0-92). Forty-seven cases (57%) occurred in three western cantons: Vaud, Bern, and Geneva. Twenty-three cases (28%) were hospitalised. In the case-control study conducted to find the source of the outbreak, cases were more likely than controls to have eaten local soft cheese (OR 11.4, p=0.008). One clone of S. Stanley strain was isolated from soft cheese and from 77 cases (94%) who reported no history of having travelled abroad. The outbreak ended after the withdrawal of the cheese from the market. This is the first S. Stanley outbreak in Switzerland and the first in Europe unrelated to imported products, suggesting an increased local circulation of this previously rare serotype.
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86
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Cohen CD, Lindenmeyer MT, Eichinger F, Hahn A, Seifert M, Moll AG, Schmid H, Kiss E, Gröne E, Gröne HJ, Kretzler M, Werner T, Nelson PJ. Improved elucidation of biological processes linked to diabetic nephropathy by single probe-based microarray data analysis. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2937. [PMID: 18698414 PMCID: PMC2493035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a complex and chronic metabolic disease that evolves into a progressive fibrosing renal disorder. Effective transcriptomic profiling of slowly evolving disease processes such as DN can be problematic. The changes that occur are often subtle and can escape detection by conventional oligonucleotide DNA array analyses. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We examined microdissected human renal tissue with or without DN using Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarrays (HG-U133A) by standard Robust Multi-array Analysis (RMA). Subsequent gene ontology analysis by Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) showed limited detection of biological processes previously identified as central mechanisms in the development of DN (e.g. inflammation and angiogenesis). This apparent lack of sensitivity may be associated with the gene-oriented averaging of oligonucleotide probe signals, as this includes signals from cross-hybridizing probes and gene annotation that is based on out of date genomic data. We then examined the same CEL file data using a different methodology to determine how well it could correlate transcriptomic data with observed biology. ChipInspector (CI) is based on single probe analysis and de novo gene annotation that bypasses probe set definitions. Both methods, RMA and CI, used at default settings yielded comparable numbers of differentially regulated genes. However, when verified by RT-PCR, the single probe based analysis demonstrated reduced background noise with enhanced sensitivity and fewer false positives. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Using a single probe based analysis approach with de novo gene annotation allowed an improved representation of the biological processes linked to the development and progression of DN. The improved analysis was exemplified by the detection of Wnt signaling pathway activation in DN, a process not previously reported to be involved in this disease.
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87
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Grischke EM, Wallwiener D, Schmid H, Kaufmann M, Bastert G. Intraperitoneale Therapie des Ovarialkarzinoms über Portsysteme mit Zytostatika und Zytokinen. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1023143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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88
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Grischke E, Kaufmann M, Schmid H, Bastert G. Einsatz von Miltefosin beim kutan metastasierten Mammakarzinom - ein innovatives Behandlungskonzept zur topischen Behandlung von Hautmetastasen. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1023291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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89
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Murphy M, Docherty NG, Griffin B, Howlin J, McArdle E, McMahon R, Schmid H, Kretzler M, Droguett A, Mezzano S, Brady HR, Furlong F, Godson C, Martin F. IHG-1 amplifies TGF-beta1 signaling and is increased in renal fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 19:1672-80. [PMID: 18508967 PMCID: PMC2518434 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2007101080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced in high glucose-1 (IHG-1) is an evolutionarily conserved gene transcript upregulated by high extracellular glucose concentrations, but its function is unknown. Here, it is reported that the abundance of IHG-1 mRNA is nearly 10-fold higher in microdissected, tubule-rich renal biopsies from patients with diabetic nephropathy compared with control subjects. In the diabetic nephropathy specimens, in situ hybridization localized IHG-1 to tubular epithelial cells along with TGF-beta1 and activated Smad3, suggesting a possible role in the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Supporting this possibility, IHG-1 mRNA and protein expression also increased with unilateral ureteral obstruction. In the HK-2 proximal tubule cell line, overexpression of IHG-1 increased TGF-beta1-stimulated expression of connective tissue growth factor and fibronectin. IHG-1 was found to amplify TGF-beta1-mediated transcriptional activity by increasing and prolonging phosphorylation of Smad3. Conversely, inhibition of endogenous IHG-1 with small interference RNA suppressed transcriptional responses to TGF-beta1. In summary, IHG-1, which increases in diabetic nephropathy, may enhance the actions of TGF-beta1 and contribute to the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
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90
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Manchot W, Schmid H. Über das Auftreten einwertiger Stufen in dr achten Gruppe des periodischen Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19310641016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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91
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Gutzwiller F, Steffen R, Mathys P, Walser S, Schmid H, Mütsch M. Botulismus. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2008; 133:840-5. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1075658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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92
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Braun GS, Linsenmaier U, Witt MN, Schmid H. The rare event of exercise-induced dissection of the renal artery: successful long-term treatment by localized lysis. Clin Kidney J 2008; 1:92-93. [PMID: 28657036 PMCID: PMC5477903 DOI: 10.1093/ndtplus/sfm035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2007] [Accepted: 12/06/2007] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
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93
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Schmid H, Martin W, Senge T. Akute intestinale Pseudoobstruktion (Ogilvie-Syndrom) als Komplikation nach radikaler retropubischer Prostatektomie. Aktuelle Urol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1054291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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94
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Ninichuk V, Clauss S, Kulkarni O, Schmid H, Segerer S, Radomska E, Eulberg D, Buchner K, Selve N, Klussmann S, Anders HJ. Late onset of Ccl2 blockade with the Spiegelmer mNOX-E36-3'PEG prevents glomerulosclerosis and improves glomerular filtration rate in db/db mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2008; 172:628-37. [PMID: 18258851 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.070601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease is associated with monocyte chemoattractant CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2)-dependent glomerular and interstitial macrophage recruitment. In addition, nephropathy is delayed in Ccl2 mutant diabetic mice. However, whether the late onset of therapeutic Ccl2 blockade modulates the progression of advanced diabetic nephropathy remains unknown. We addressed this question by antagonizing Ccl2 with mNOX-E36-3'PEG, an anti-Ccl2 L-enantiomeric RNA aptamer (ie, a Spiegelmer), which binds murine Ccl2 and blocks the recruitment of ex vivo-labeled macrophages to the kidneys of db/db mice with type 2 diabetes. We injected mNOX-E36-3'PEG subcutaneously at a dose of 50 mg/kg three times per week into uninephrectomized (1K) db/db mice with advanced glomerulopathy from 4 to 6 months of age. mNOX-E36-3'PEG reduced the number of glomerular macrophages by 40% compared with nonfunctional (control) Spiegelmer-treated 1K db/db mice. This result was associated with protection from diffuse glomerulosclerosis and significantly improved the glomerular filtration rate. mNOX-E36-3'PEG also reduced renal Ccl2 mRNA and protein expression compared with control Spiegelmer-treated 1K db/db mice of the same age. Together, the late onset of therapeutic Ccl2 blockade, eg, with specific Spiegelmers, offers protection from diffuse glomerulosclerosis in type 2 diabetic db/db mice and, thus, may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for advanced glomerulosclerosis.
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95
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Braun GS, Witt M, Mayer V, Schmid H. Hypercalcemia caused by vitamin D3 analogs in psoriasis treatment. Int J Dermatol 2007; 46:1315-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2007.03347.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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96
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Karshovska E, Zernecke A, Sevilmis G, Millet A, Hristov M, Cohen CD, Schmid H, Krotz F, Sohn HY, Klauss V, Weber C, Schober A. Expression of HIF-1alpha in injured arteries controls SDF-1alpha mediated neointima formation in apolipoprotein E deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007; 27:2540-7. [PMID: 17932320 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.107.151050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha is the regulatory subunit of a transcriptional complex, which controls the recruitment of multipotent progenitor cells and tissue repair in ischemic tissue by inducing stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1alpha expression. Because HIF-1alpha can be activated under normoxic conditions in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) by platelet products, we investigated the role of HIF-1alpha in SDF-1alpha-mediated neointima formation after vascular injury. METHODS AND RESULTS Wire-induced injury of the left carotid artery was performed in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. HIF-1alpha expression was increased in the media as early as 1 day after injury, predominantly in SMCs. Nuclear translocation of HIF-1alpha and colocalization with SDF-1alpha was detected in neointimal cells after 2 weeks. HIF-1alpha mRNA expression was induced at 6 hours after injury as determined by real-time RT-PCR. Inhibition of HIF-1alpha expression by local application of HIF-1alpha-siRNA reduced the neointimal area by 49% and significantly decreased the neointimal SMCs content compared with control-siRNA. HIF-1alpha and SDF-1alpha expression were clearly diminished in neointimal cells of HIF-1alpha-siRNA treated arteries. CONCLUSIONS HIF-1alpha expression is directly involved in neointimal formation after vascular injury and mediates the upregulation of SDF-1alpha, which may affect the stem cell-based repair of injured arteries.
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MESH Headings
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus
- Animals
- Apolipoproteins E/deficiency
- Apolipoproteins E/genetics
- Apolipoproteins E/metabolism
- Carotid Artery Injuries/metabolism
- Carotid Artery Injuries/pathology
- Carotid Artery, Common/metabolism
- Carotid Artery, Common/pathology
- Cell Movement
- Chemokine CXCL12/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Stem Cells/pathology
- Time Factors
- Tunica Intima/metabolism
- Tunica Intima/pathology
- Tunica Media/metabolism
- Tunica Media/pathology
- Up-Regulation
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97
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Koziolek MJ, Schmid H, Cohen CD, Blaschke S, Hemmerlein B, Zapf A, Müller GA, Strutz F. Potential role of fractalkine receptor expression in human renal fibrogenesis. Kidney Int 2007; 72:599-607. [PMID: 17579663 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of several chemokine/chemokine receptors has been shown to reduce progressive renal interstitial fibrosis. In this study, we examined the expression of the CX(3)C receptor in human renal biopsies with interstitial fibrosis and from normal kidneys by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry. The CX(3)C receptor was not only detected in mononuclear, tubular epithelial, and dendritic cells but also in alpha-smooth muscle actin and vimentin-positive interstitial myofibroblasts in fibrotic kidneys. Real-time PCR indicated a significant upregulation of CX(3)C receptor mRNA in fibrotic kidneys compared with non-fibrotic nephropathies or donor biopsies. In renal fibroblasts in vitro, hydrogen peroxide increased the expression of the CX(3)C receptor, an increase that was inhibited by N-acetylcysteine and catalase. However, neither proinflammatory nor profibrotic cytokines resulted in this upregulation. Stimulation of fibroblasts by CX(3)C ligand led to a significant enhancement of migration, which was abrogated by pre-incubation with a blocking anti-CX(3)C receptor antibody. Our studies indicate that renal fibrosis is associated with the expression of CX(3)C receptors on human renal fibroblasts. The expression is induced by reactive oxygen species suggesting a role of oxidative stress.
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98
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Hublet A, De Bacquer D, Boyce W, Godeau E, Schmid H, Vereecken C, De Baets F, Maes L. Smoking in young people with asthma. J Public Health (Oxf) 2007; 29:343-9. [PMID: 17675644 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdm047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modern guidelines for the management of asthma state that asthmatic patients should be strongly advised not to smoke. However, it remains unclear to what extend young people with asthma actually behave like this. This study compares the prevalence of daily smoking between 15-year adolescents with diagnosed asthma and without asthma, and evaluates to what extent risk factors for smoking play a comparable role in the smoking behaviour of these two groups. METHODS The study is part of the 2001-2002 international HBSC study. Besides questions about health behaviour, individual and social resources, a set of asthma questions were included in six countries. RESULTS Adolescents with diagnosed asthma are more likely to be daily smokers than non-asthmatic adolescents. In asthmatic and non-asthmatic adolescents, similar associations with risk factors are found for daily smoking (drunkenness, cannabis use, low life satisfaction, spending evenings with friends, having smoking parents and peers). Diagnosed asthmatics are more prone to score high on these factors than non-asthmatics. CONCLUSIONS Smoking in adolescents with asthma is a public health problem. Smoking prevention efforts directed towards young people should pay attention to young people with asthma and the curative sector should increase their efforts to motivate asthmatic adolescents not to smoke.
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99
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Bjork MT, Hayden O, Knoch J, Riel H, Schmid H, Riess W. Impact ionization FETs based on silicon nanowires. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1109/drc.2007.4373703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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100
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Schmid H, O'Callaghan P, Nash MP, Lin W, LeGrice IJ, Smaill BH, Young AA, Hunter PJ. Myocardial material parameter estimation: a non-homogeneous finite element study from simple shear tests. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2007; 7:161-73. [PMID: 17487519 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-007-0083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2006] [Accepted: 03/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The passive material properties of myocardium play a major role in diastolic performance of the heart. In particular, the shear behaviour is thought to play an important mechanical role due to the laminar architecture of myocardium. We have previously compared a number of myocardial constitutive relations with the aim to extract their suitability for inverse material parameter estimation. The previous study assumed a homogeneous deformation. In the present study we relaxed the homogeneous assumption by implementing these laws into a finite element environment in order to obtain more realistic measures for the suitability of these laws in both their ability to fit a given set of experimental data, as well as their stability in the finite element environment. In particular, we examined five constitutive laws and compare them on the basis of (i) "goodness of fit": how well they fit a set of six shear deformation tests, (ii) "determinability": how well determined the objective function is at the optimal parameter fit, and (iii) "variability": how well determined the material parameters are over the range of experiments. Furthermore, we compared the FE results with those from the previous study.It was found that the same material law as in the previous study, the orthotropic Fung-type "Costa-Law", was the most suitable for inverse material parameter estimation for myocardium in simple shear.
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