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Lee JG, Kim SY, Kim YT, Lee HJ, Park S, Choi SM, Kim DH, Cho WH, Yeo HJ, Park S, Choi SH, Hong SB, Shim TS, Jo KW, Jeon K, Jeong BH, Paik HC. First Report of the Korean Lung Transplantation Registry. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:2759-2763. [PMID: 30401392 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.02.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Korean Organ Transplantation Registry (KOTRY) began to register lung transplants in 2015. This is an initial report on the status of patients receiving lung transplants over the past 2 years. METHODS We analyzed a total of 69 patients who received lung transplants in 2015 and 2016 and who registered with the KOTRY. RESULTS The 69 patients were treated in 5 institutions. The average (SD) donor age was 39.2 (12.6) years; there were 40 male patients. The average (SD) recipient age was 55.7 (10.0) years, and the number of male recipients was 46. A total of 66 patients underwent bilateral lung transplantation, 3 underwent single-lung transplantation, and 1 underwent simultaneous heart-lung transplantation. The most frequent indication for lung transplantation was idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (35 patients), followed by connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease (9) and acute respiratory failure (8). Prior to transplantation, 23 patients required ventilator care, and 12 required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation while on the waiting list. Episodes of acute rejection during follow-up were reported in 4, 2, 1, and 1 patients at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, respectively. Infections requiring hospitalization were reported in 27, 10, 4, and 3 patients at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, respectively. CONCLUSION The establishment of KOTRY renders it possible to collect nationwide data on lung transplantation, improving research on the topic and clarifying clinical feasibility.
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J T, G B, B D, Kim DS, Lee HJ. Preparation of rare earth oxides from Synchysite oxidized ore by acid leaching. MONGOLIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.5564/mjc.v18i44.931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed rare earth oxides have been prepared from synchysite ore from the Lugiin gol rare earth deposit (Mongolia) which contains about 6% of cerium light rare earth elements. Ore powders were leached for up to 60 min using 80-120 g/l sulfuric acids at an acid to powder ratio of 20, agitation was performed by magnetic stirring followed by precipitation and calcination at 700°C for 1h. The highest leaching of REEs equal to 85% of the total REE was observed in the acid solution of 80 g/l. Obtained mixed rare earth oxides represent a layered type structure.
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Zastrau U, Rödel C, Nakatsutsumi M, Feigl T, Appel K, Chen B, Döppner T, Fennel T, Fiedler T, Fletcher LB, Förster E, Gamboa E, Gericke DO, Göde S, Grote-Fortmann C, Hilbert V, Kazak L, Laarmann T, Lee HJ, Mabey P, Martinez F, Meiwes-Broer KH, Pauer H, Perske M, Przystawik A, Roling S, Skruszewicz S, Shihab M, Tiggesbäumker J, Toleikis S, Wünsche M, Zacharias H, Glenzer SH, Gregori G. A sensitive EUV Schwarzschild microscope for plasma studies with sub-micrometer resolution. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:023703. [PMID: 29495844 DOI: 10.1063/1.5007950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) microscope using a Schwarzschild objective which is optimized for single-shot sub-micrometer imaging of laser-plasma targets. The microscope has been designed and constructed for imaging the scattering from an EUV-heated solid-density hydrogen jet. Imaging of a cryogenic hydrogen target was demonstrated using single pulses of the free-electron laser in Hamburg (FLASH) free-electron laser at a wavelength of 13.5 nm. In a single exposure, we observe a hydrogen jet with ice fragments with a spatial resolution in the sub-micrometer range. In situ EUV imaging is expected to enable novel experimental capabilities for warm dense matter studies of micrometer-sized samples in laser-plasma experiments.
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Lee SJ, Lee HJ, Jung YH, Kim JS, Choi SH, Han HJ. Melatonin inhibits apoptotic cell death induced by Vibrio vulnificus VvhA via melatonin receptor 2 coupling with NCF-1. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:48. [PMID: 29352110 PMCID: PMC5833450 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, an endogenous hormone molecule, has a variety of biological functions, but a functional role of melatonin in the infection of Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio vulnificus has yet to be described. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of melatonin in the apoptosis of human intestinal epithelial (HCT116) cells induced by the hemolysin (VvhA) produced by V. vulnificus. Melatonin (1 μM) significantly inhibited apoptosis induced by the recombinant protein (r) VvhA, which had been inhibited by the knockdown of MT2. The rVvhA recruited caveolin-1, NCF-1, and Rac1 into lipid rafts to facilitate the production of ROS responsible for the phosphorylation of PKC and JNK. Interestingly, melatonin recruited NCF-1 into non-lipid rafts to prevent ROS production via MT2 coupling with Gαq. Melatonin inhibited the JNK-mediated phosphorylation of c-Jun responsible for Bax expression, the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, and caspase-3/-9 activation during its promotion of rVvhA-induced apoptotic cell death. In addition, melatonin inhibited JNK-mediated phosphorylation of Bcl-2 responsible for the release of Beclin-1 and Atg5 expression during its promotion of rVvhA-induced autophagic cell death. These results demonstrate that melatonin signaling via MT2 triggers recruitment of NCF-1 into non-lipid rafts to block ROS production and JNK-mediated apoptotic and autophagic cell deaths induced by rVvhA in intestinal epithelial cells.
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Lee YM, Moon C, Kim YJ, Lee HJ, Lee MS, Park KH. Clinical impact of delayed catheter removal for patients with central-venous-catheter-related Gram-negative bacteraemia. J Hosp Infect 2018; 99:106-113. [PMID: 29330016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gram-negative bacteria are increasingly the cause of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI), and the prevalence of multi-drug-resistant strains is rising rapidly. This study evaluated the impact of delayed central venous catheter (CVC) removal on clinical outcomes in patients with Gram-negative CRBSI. METHODS Between January 2007 and December 2016, patients with Gram-negative bacteraemia and CVC placement, from two tertiary care hospitals, were included retrospectively. Cases with CVC removal more than three days after onset of bacteraemia or without CVC removal were classified as having delayed CVC removal. RESULTS In total, 112 patients were included. Of these, 78 had CRBSI (43 definite and 35 probable) and 34 had Gram-negative bacteraemia from another source (non-CRBSI). Enterobacteriaceae were less common pathogens in patients with CRBSI than in patients with non-CRBSI (11.5% vs 41.3%; P<0.001). Delayed CVC removal was associated with increased 30-day mortality (40.5% vs 11.8%; P=0.01) in patients with Gram-negative CRBSI; this was not seen in patients with non-CRBSI (25.0% vs 14.3%; P>0.99). Delayed CVC removal [odds ratio (OR) 6.8], multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteraemia (OR 6.3) and chronic renal failure (OR 11.1) were associated with 30-day mortality in patients with CRBSI. The protective effect of early CVC removal on mortality was evident in the MDR group (48.3% vs 18.2%; P=0.03), but not in the non-MDR group (11.1% vs 0%; P=0.43). CONCLUSION CVCs should be removed early to improve clinical outcomes in patients with Gram-negative CRBSI, especially in settings where MDR isolates are prevalent.
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Abstract
Bloating is one of the most common and troublesome problems in a large proportion of patients with gastrointestinal disorders but the mechanism is not completely understood. Several factors, including gas-producing intestinal microbiota, disturbed handling of intestinal gas, visceral hypersensitivity, abnormal viscero-somatic responses, fermentable diet, and psychological factors, have been suggested as mechanisms. For an assessment, thorough medical history-taking and physical examination are the first steps. On the other hand, organic disorders should always be considered first for a differential diagnosis. The therapeutic options available are considered challenging and still limited in clinical practice. The treatment strategy may include diet modification, pharmacologic approach, psychiatric approach, biofeedback, etc. Further studies will be needed to explore the variable mechanism of bloating and develop an efficient treatment.
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Cho KT, Lee SC, Lee HJ, Kang HW. Acute Abdomen in a Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. HONG KONG J EMERG ME 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/102490791302000309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute abdomen, including appendicitis, is an emergent condition requiring early detection and, often, immediate surgical intervention. Although patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) have an incidence of acute abdomen similar to that of the general population, diagnosing them is even more difficult and complex than it is in the general population. Because of the disruption of normal sensory pathways, the early symptoms are subtle and physical examination of the abdomen is often not helpful. In addition, because of concomitant common conditions in SCI patients, such as urinary tract infection, atelectasis, pneumonia, and decubitus ulcer, laboratory results are not reliable. Delayed diagnoses lead to higher mortality rates among SCI patients with acute abdomen than those of the general population. We report a case of appendicitis in a patient with cervical SCI and discuss the clinical characteristics and diagnostic pitfalls of acute abdomen in SCI patients.
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So IT, Cho KB, Lee JY, Kim SJ, Jung HI, Choi JH, Lee YJ, Lee HJ, Park KS, Ryu SW, Kang YN. A primary gastric synovial sarcoma: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8904. [PMID: 29245254 PMCID: PMC5728869 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE When a gastric spindle cell tumor is observed, the possibility of synovial carcinoma, besides common mesenchymal tumor, should also be considered. PRESENTING CONCERNS OF THE PATIENT The patient is a 51-year-old American woman who underwent medical check-up at a general hospital. Upper endoscopy showed a 2-cm sized mass covered with intact mucosa, and a central depression located on the posterior wall of the mid body. Biopsy of the mass showed focal atypical cells proliferation in mucosa on hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining. Endoscopic ultrasound showed a 17-mm homogenously hypoechoic mass within the submucosal layer. INTERVENTIONS After diagnostic endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed, H&E and immunohistochemical staining showed synovial sarcoma (SS). To confirm the diagnosis, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was performed, revealing a chimeric transcript of the SYT-SSX1 fusion gene. The diagnosis of primary gastric SS was confirmed because no evidence of possible primary lesions or metastatic lesions was observed. Therefore, the patient underwent distal gastrectomy. OUTCOMES After surgery, the surgical specimen demonstrated no residual tumor cells. The patient received no adjuvant therapy, and there has been no evidence of local recurrence or distant metastasis for 2 months after the operation. LESSONS When gastric subepithelial tumor is suspicious, we should also consider gastric SS.
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Jung SM, Bae JS, Kang SG, Son JS, Jeon JH, Lee HJ, Jeon JY, Sidharthan M, Ryu SH, Shin HW. Acute toxicity of organic antifouling biocides to phytoplankton Nitzschia pungens and zooplankton Artemia larvae. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 124:811-818. [PMID: 27919420 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of the antifouling biocides Irgarol 1051, Diuron, Chlorothalonil, Dichlofluanid, Sea-nine 211, Copper pyrithione, Zinc pyrithione, Ziram and Zineb were evaluated on Nitzschia pungens and Artemia larvae. Results showed that EC50 for Irgarol 1051 was 0.586μgl-1 was the strongest effect on N. pungens following by Copper pyrithione (4.908μgl-1), Ziram (5.421μgl-1), Zinc pyrithione (5.513μgl-1), Diuron (6.640μgl-1), Zineb (232.249μgl-1), Sea-nine 211(267.368μgl-1), Chlorothalonil (360.963μgl-1) and Dichlofluanid (377.010μgl-1) in 96h. In Artemia larvae, the biocides were evaluated the LC50 for larval survivals at 48h. Sea-nine 211 and Copper pyrithione were 0.318 and 0.319mgl-1. Chlorothalonil, Zinc pyrithione and Ziram were 2.683, 3.147 and 4.778mgl-1. Irgarol 1051, Diuron, Zineb and Dichlofluanid were 9.734, 30.573, 41.170 and 154.944mgl-1. These results provide baseline data concerning the toxicity of antifouling biocides against marine environment.
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Gleason AE, Bolme CA, Lee HJ, Nagler B, Galtier E, Kraus RG, Sandberg R, Yang W, Langenhorst F, Mao WL. Time-resolved diffraction of shock-released SiO 2 and diaplectic glass formation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1481. [PMID: 29133910 PMCID: PMC5684137 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01791-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how rock-forming minerals transform under shock loading is critical for modeling collisions between planetary bodies, interpreting the significance of shock features in minerals and for using them as diagnostic indicators of impact conditions, such as shock pressure. To date, our understanding of the formation processes experienced by shocked materials is based exclusively on ex situ analyses of recovered samples. Formation mechanisms and origins of commonly observed mesoscale material features, such as diaplectic (i.e., shocked) glass, remain therefore controversial and unresolvable. Here we show in situ pump-probe X-ray diffraction measurements on fused silica crystallizing to stishovite on shock compression and then converting to an amorphous phase on shock release in only 2.4 ns from 33.6 GPa. Recovered glass fragments suggest permanent densification. These observations of real-time diaplectic glass formation attest that it is a back-transformation product of stishovite with implications for revising traditional shock metamorphism stages. Our understanding of shock metamorphism and thus the collision of planetary bodies is limited by a dependence on ex situ analyses. Here, the authors perform in situ analysis on shocked-produced densified glass and show that estimates of impactor size based on traditional techniques are likely inflated.
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Ko SH, Choi GE, Oh JY, Lee HJ, Kim JS, Chae CW, Choi D, Han HJ. Succinate promotes stem cell migration through the GPR91-dependent regulation of DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12582. [PMID: 28974722 PMCID: PMC5626702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12692-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of metabolites produced from stem cell metabolism has been emerged as signaling molecules to regulate stem cell behaviors such as migration. The mitochondrial morphology is closely associated with the metabolic balance and stem cell function. However, the physiological role of succinate on human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) migration by regulating the mitochondrial morphology remains unclear. Here, we investigate the effect of succinate on hMSC migration via regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and its related signaling pathway. Succinate (50 μM) significantly accelerates hMSC migration. Succinate increases phosphorylation of pan-PKC, especially the atypical PKCζ level which was blocked by the knockdown of Gαq and Gα12. Activated PKCζ subsequently phosphorylates p38 MAPK. Cytosolic DRP1 is phosphorylated by p38 MAPK and results in DRP1 translocation to the mitochondria outer membrane, eventually inducing mitochondrial fragmentation. Mitochondrial fission-induced mitochondrial function elevates mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) levels and activates Rho GTPases, which then induces F-actin formation. Furthermore, in a skin excisional wound model, we found the effects of succinate-pretreated hMSC enhanced wound closure, vascularization and re-epithelialization and confirmed that DRP1 has a vital role in injured tissue regeneration. Overall, succinate promotes DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission via GPR91, consequently stimulating the hMSC migration through mtROS-induced F-actin formation.
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Kim YM, Lee HY, Lee HJ, Kim JB, Kim S, Joo JY, Kim GC. Retention Improvement in Fluoride Application with Cold Atmospheric Plasma. J Dent Res 2017; 97:179-183. [PMID: 28945493 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517733958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to apply fluoride formulations to enamel with cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) and analyze the fluoride uptake, retention, and acid resistance quantitatively. Human enamel specimens were divided randomly into 2 groups: group APF1, 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel; group APF2, 1.23% APF gel with CAP. Fluoride and CAP were applied to the samples 4 times at 1-wk intervals. The specimens were also stored in artificial saliva for 4 wk to evaluate the retention of fluoride. The fluoride content on the fluoride-treated enamel was measured by an electron probe microanalyzer. To detect the resistance to demineralization, the calcium-to-phosphate ratio of the enamel samples was measured after the application of APF gel with or without CAP, followed by soaking in the demineralization solution. In groups APF1 and APF2, the amount of fluoride detected increased depending on the application frequency, and more fluoride was detected in group APF2 than in group APF1. In the experiment examining the maintenance effect, fluoride was not detected in group APF1, whereas fluoride was detected in group APF2 up to the fourth week. As for the resistance to demineralization, the calcium-to-phosphate ratio of the enamel treated with APF and CAP was higher than that treated with APF alone, and it increased with the frequency of treatment. This study suggests that the combination treatment of CAP and fluoride improves retention of fluoride on the enamel and resistance to demineralization when compared with treatment with fluoride alone.
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Onphachanh X, Lee HJ, Lim JR, Jung YH, Kim JS, Chae CW, Lee SJ, Gabr AA, Han HJ. Enhancement of high glucose-induced PINK1 expression by melatonin stimulates neuronal cell survival: Involvement of MT 2 /Akt/NF-κB pathway. J Pineal Res 2017; 63. [PMID: 28580603 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is a representative hallmark and risk factor for diabetes mellitus (DM) and is closely linked to DM-associated neuronal cell death. Previous investigators reported on a genome-wide association study and showed relationships between DM and melatonin receptor (MT), highlighting the role of MT signaling by assessing melatonin in DM. However, the role of MT signaling in DM pathogenesis is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the role of mitophagy regulators in high glucose-induced neuronal cell death and the effect of melatonin against high glucose-induced mitophagy regulators in neuronal cells. In our results, high glucose significantly increased PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and LC-3B expressions; as well it decreased cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 expression and Mitotracker™ fluorescence intensity. Silencing of PINK1 induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and mitochondrial membrane potential impairment, increased expressions of cleaved caspases, and increased the number of annexin V-positive cells. In addition, high glucose-stimulated melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B) mRNA and PINK1 expressions were reversed by ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine pretreatment. Upregulation of PINK1 expression in neuronal cells is suppressed by pretreatment with MT2 receptor-specific inhibitor 4-P-PDOT. We further showed melatonin stimulated Akt phosphorylation, which was followed by nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Silencing of PINK1 expression abolished melatonin-regulated mitochondrial ROS production, cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9 expressions, and the number of annexin V-positive cells. In conclusion, we have demonstrated the melatonin stimulates PINK1 expression via an MT2 /Akt/NF-κB pathway, and such stimulation is important for the prevention of neuronal cell apoptosis under high glucose conditions.
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Jung YH, Lee HJ, Kim JS, Lee SJ, Han HJ. EphB2 signaling-mediated Sirt3 expression reduces MSC senescence by maintaining mitochondrial ROS homeostasis. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 110:368-380. [PMID: 28687409 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) homeostasis is a key factor inducing UCB-MSC senescence. Accordingly, preventing mtROS accumulation will help in suppressing the UCB-MSC senescence. In this study, we observed that the expressions of EphrinB2 and EphB2 were inversely regulated by UCB-MSC passage-dependent manner. EphB2 signaling induced mitochondrial translocation of Sirt3. The knockdown of SIRT3 inhibited the effect of EphB2 signaling in UCB-MSCs. Subsequently, EphrinB2-Fc induced the nuclear translocation of Nrf-2 via c-Src phosphorylation dependent manner, and Sirt3 expression was regulated by Nrf-2. Among Sirt3 target genes, EphB2 signaling increased MnSOD and reduced the mtROS level in UCB-MSCs. Furthermore, the deacetylase effect of Sirt3 enhanced the MnSOD activity by deacetylation at the lysine 68 residue and therapeutic effect of UCB-MSCs on skin-wound healing was increased by EphB2 activation. In conclusion, the EphB2 can serve as a novel target for the optimizing the therapeutic use of UCB-MSCs in wound repair by MnSOD-mediated mtROS scavenging through EphB2/c-Src signaling pathway and Nrf-2-dependent Sirt3 expression.
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Lee SJ, Jung YH, Kim JS, Lee HJ, Lee SH, Lee KH, Jang KK, Choi SH, Han HJ. A Vibrio vulnificus VvpM Induces IL-1β Production Coupled with Necrotic Macrophage Death via Distinct Spatial Targeting by ANXA2. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:352. [PMID: 28848713 PMCID: PMC5554522 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An inflammatory form of phagocyte death evoked by the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio (V.) vulnificus (WT) is one of hallmarks to promote their colonization, but the virulence factor and infectious mechanism involved in this process remain largely unknown. Here, we identified extracellular metalloprotease VvpM as a new virulence factor and investigated the molecular mechanism of VvpM which acts during the regulation of the inflammatory form of macrophage death and bacterial colonization. Mutation of the vvpM gene appeared to play major role in the prevention of IL-1β production due to V. vulnificus infection in macrophage. However, the recombinant protein (r) VvpM caused IL-1β production coupled with necrotic cell death, which is highly susceptible to the knockdown of annexin A2 (ANXA2) located in both membrane lipid and non-lipid rafts. In lipid rafts, rVvpM recruited NOX enzymes coupled with ANXA2 to facilitate the production of ROS responsible for the epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of NF-κB in the IL-1β promoter. rVvpM acting on non-lipid rafts increased LC3 puncta formation and autophagic flux, which are required for the mRNA expression of Atg5 involved in the autophagosome formation process. The autophagy activation caused by rVvpM induced NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent caspase-1 activation in the promoting of IL-1β production. In mouse models of V. vulnificus infection, the VvpM mutant failed to elevate the level of pro-inflammatory responses closely related to IL-1β production and prevented bacterial colonization. These findings delineate VvpM efficiently regulates two pathogenic pathways that stimulate NF-κB-dependent IL-1β production and autophagy-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome via distinct spatial targeting by ANXA2.
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Hahn KY, Park JC, Lee HJ, Park CH, Chung H, Shin SK, Lee SK, Lee YC. Antral or Pyloric Deformity Is a Risk Factor for the Development of Postendoscopic Submucosal Dissection Pyloric Strictures. Gut Liver 2017; 10:757-63. [PMID: 27282263 PMCID: PMC5003199 DOI: 10.5009/gnl15511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Surgeons must be aware of risk factors for strictures before performing endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), to enable early interventions to prevent severe strictures. METHODS This study was a single-center retrospective study. We reviewed the clinical data of patients who has undergone gastric ESD from January 2007 to December 2012. RESULTS Among the 3,819 patients who had undergone gastric ESD, 11 patients (7.2%) developed pyloric strictures and received successful endoscopic balloon dilation. Significant differences were noted between the patients without and with post-ESD strictures for pretreatment of antral or pyloric deformities (46.4% vs 81.8%), the proportion of extension to the lumen circumference (>3/4, 9.4% vs 54.5%), the longitudinal extent of mucosal defects (27.9±10.1 mm vs 51.5±10.8 mm), and post-ESD bleeding (2.9% vs 27.3%). Multivariate analysis revealed that pretreatment antral or pyloric deformities (odds ratio [OR], 30.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.476 to 631.565; p=0.027), larger longitudinal extent of mucosal defects (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.074 to 1.340; p=0.001), and circumferential extension of ≥3/4 (OR, 13.69; 95% CI, 1.583 to 118.387; p=0.017) were independent risk factors for post-ESD stricture. CONCLUSIONS Antral or pyloric deformities, sub-circumferential resection over more than 75% of the circumference and greater longitudinal extent of mucosal defects are independent risk factors for post-ESD stricture.
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Lee KH, Lee SJ, Lee HJ, Choi GE, Jung YH, Kim DI, Gabr AA, Ryu JM, Han HJ. Amyloid β1-42 (Aβ1-42) Induces the CDK2-Mediated Phosphorylation of Tau through the Activation of the mTORC1 Signaling Pathway While Promoting Neuronal Cell Death. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:229. [PMID: 28790888 PMCID: PMC5522873 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by cognitive impairment and memory loss. Amyloid β1-42 (Aβ) and hyper-phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein tau have been considered as major histological features in AD. However, the mechanism of how Aβ induces the hyper-phosphorylation of tau remains to be clarified. In the present study, we investigated the underlying cellular mechanisms of Aβ with regard to the cell cycle regulatory protein-mediated phosphorylation of tau in promoting neuronal cell death. The oligomer Aβ (5 μM) significantly increased the level of caspase 3 cleavage and has the ability to induce cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SK-N-MC cells. Aβ induced the degree of extracellular calcium influx via the L-type channel to facilitate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Aβ signaling through ROS production is uniquely mediated by the activation of PI3K/Akt, which is in turn required for mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) phosphorylation. mTORC1 activated by Aβ further increased the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), a binding protein (4E-BP1) and p70S6K1 to stimulate the HIF1α synthesis responsible for the induction of cyclinD1/cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and cyclinE/CDK2, whereas it significantly attenuated the activation of autophagy. Aβ distinctively induced the CDK2-mediated phosphorylation of tau, which is responsible for microtubule destabilization in promoting neuronal apoptosis. In mouse hippocampal primary neurons, the apoptotic cell death induced by Aβ is highly susceptible to the mTORC1 signaling pathway. These results demonstrate that Aβ efficiently stimulates the mTORC1 signaling pathway to facilitate HIF1α synthesis and autophagy inhibition to promote the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins, during which CDK2 uniquely stimulates tau phosphorylation for microtubule destabilization-mediated neuronal apoptosis.
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Choi JH, Song YS, Song K, Lee HJ, Hong JW, Kim GC. Skin renewal activity of non-thermal plasma through the activation of β-catenin in keratinocytes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6146. [PMID: 28733577 PMCID: PMC5522407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06661-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
For recent years, devices that generate non-thermal plasma (NTP) have been introduced into the field of dermatology. Since NTP has demonstrated strong anti-pathogenic activity with safety of use, NTP was first applied to sterilize the skin surface to aid in the healing of various kinds of skin diseases. However, the effect of NTP on skin regeneration has not yet been fully explored. In this study, the effect of NTP on the growth of keratinocytes was tested using the HaCaT human keratinocyte cell line and HRM2 hairless mice. Treatment with NTP allowed confluent keratinocytes to escape from G1 cell cycle arrest and increased the proportion of cells in S and G2 phases. In particular, NTP treatment immediately dispersed E-cadherin-mediated cell-to-cell interactions, resulting in the translocation of β-catenin to the nucleus and leading to the enhanced transcription of target genes including c-MYC and cyclin D1. Moreover, repeated treatment of the mice with NTP also stimulated epidermal expansion by activating β-catenin in the epidermal cells. The symptoms of cellular DNA damage were not detected after NTP treatment. Taken together, these results demonstrate that NTP may be employed as a new type of skin regenerating device.
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94
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Gleason AE, Bolme CA, Galtier E, Lee HJ, Granados E, Dolan DH, Seagle CT, Ao T, Ali S, Lazicki A, Swift D, Celliers P, Mao WL. Compression Freezing Kinetics of Water to Ice VII. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:025701. [PMID: 28753373 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.025701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved x-ray diffraction (XRD) of compressed liquid water shows transformation to ice VII in 6 nsec, revealing crystallization rather than amorphous solidification during compression freezing. Application of classical nucleation theory indicates heterogeneous nucleation and one-dimensional (e.g., needlelike) growth. These first XRD data demonstrate rapid growth kinetics of ice VII with implications for fundamental physics of diffusion-mediated crystallization and thermodynamic modeling of collision or impact events on ice-rich planetary bodies.
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95
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Choi CY, Kim YH, Oh S, Lee HJ, Kim JH, Park SH, Kim HJ, Lee SJ, Chun T. Anti-inflammatory potential of a heat-killed Lactobacillus strain isolated from Kimchi on house dust mite-induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. J Appl Microbiol 2017. [PMID: 28632956 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an allergic skin disease driven by the Th2-prone immune response. Therefore, a fundamental approach to restoring the Th1/Th2 balance is needed to treat AD. METHODS AND RESULTS Eighteen different Lactobacillus strains isolated from Kimchi were screened to identify those that stimulated immune cells to secret Th1-type or Th2-type cytokines. Lactobacillus brevis NS1401 induced the greatest IFN-γ and IL-12 secretion and the least IL-4 production among the tested Lactobacillus strains. Furthermore, oral administration of heat-killed NS1401 ameliorated the symptoms of dust mite-induced AD in NC/Nga mice by decreasing the serum IgE level and reducing the number of mast cells and eosinophils in lesions. Also, the size and number of cells in the draining lymph nodes of NS1401-administered mice were significantly reduced. In agreement with these results, secretion of a Th1-type cytokine (IFN-γ) and allergen-specific IgG2a were increased, whereas secretion of Th2-type cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10) and allergen-specific IgG1 were decreased upon administration of NS1401 in mice. CONCLUSIONS Lactobacillus brevis NS1401 alleviates the symptoms of AD by restoring the Th1/Th2 balance through enhancing Th1-prone immunity. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The immunomodulatory function of L. brevis NS1401 may provide effective new therapeutics against AD.
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Lee HJ, Jung YH, Choi GE, Ko SH, Lee SJ, Lee SH, Han HJ. BNIP3 induction by hypoxia stimulates FASN-dependent free fatty acid production enhancing therapeutic potential of umbilical cord blood-derived human mesenchymal stem cells. Redox Biol 2017; 13:426-443. [PMID: 28704726 PMCID: PMC5508529 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy under hypoxia is an important factor for maintaining and regulating stem cell functions. We previously demonstrated that fatty acid synthase (FASN) induced by hypoxia is a critical lipid metabolic factor determining the therapeutic efficacy of umbilical cord blood-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-hMSCs). Therefore, we investigated the mechanism of a major mitophagy regulator controlling lipid metabolism and therapeutic potential of UCB-hMSCs. This study revealed that Bcl2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3)-dependent mitophagy is important for reducing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species accumulation, anti-apoptosis, and migration under hypoxia. And, BNIP3 expression was regulated by CREB binding protein-mediated transcriptional actions of HIF-1α and FOXO3. Silencing of BNIP3 suppressed free fatty acid (FFA) synthesis regulated by SREBP1/FASN pathway, which is involved in UCB-hMSC apoptosis via caspases cleavage and migration via cofilin-1-mediated F-actin reorganization in hypoxia. Moreover, reduced mouse skin wound-healing capacity of UCB-hMSC with hypoxia pretreatment by BNIP3 silencing was recovered by palmitic acid. Collectively, our findings suggest that BNIP3-mediated mitophagy under hypoxia leads to FASN-induced FFA synthesis, which is critical for therapeutic potential of UCB-hMSCs with hypoxia pretreatment. BNIP3 induction by hypoxia mainly controls mitophagy and mitochondrial ROS production in UCB-hMSCs. BNIP3 silencing impairs UCB-hMSC functions such as survival, migration and free fatty acid production under hypoxia. BNIP3 silencing suppresses SREBP1/FASN-mediated free fatty acid production via ROS regulation under hypoxia. BNIP3 silencing decreased skin wound healing potential of hypoxia-pretreated UCB-hMSCs. Palmitic acid addition recovers decreased therapeutic potential of UCB-hMSCs by BNIP3 silencing.
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Gabr AA, Lee HJ, Onphachanh X, Jung YH, Kim JS, Chae CW, Han HJ. Ethanol-induced PGE 2 up-regulates Aβ production through PKA/CREB signaling pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2942-2953. [PMID: 28668332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol abuse aggravates dementia-associated cognitive defects through the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. Beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) has been considered as a key regulator of AD pathogenesis by controlling amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) accumulation. In addition, previous studies reported that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and neuroinflammation have been proposed in ethanol-induced neurodegeneration. Thus, we investigated the role of ER stress and PGE2, a neuroinflammation mediator, in the ethanol-stimulated BACE1 expression and Aβ production. Using the human-derived neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-MC, the results show that ethanol up-regulated BACE1 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Ethanol stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which induced CHOP expression and eIF2α phosphorylation. PBA (an ER stress inhibitor) attenuated the ethanol-increased cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and PGE2 production. By using salubrinal (an eIF2α dephosphorylation inhibitor) or EIF2A siRNA, we found that eIF2α phosphorylation mediated the ethanol-induced COX-2 expression. In addition, COX-2-induced BACE1 up-regulation was abolished by NS-398 (a selective COX-2 inhibitor). And, PF-04418948 (an EP-2 receptor inhibitor) pretreatment reduced ethanol-induced PKA activation and CREB phosphorylation as well as ethanol-stimulated Aβ production. Furthermore, 14-22 amide (a PKA inhibitor) pretreatment or CREB1 siRNA transfection suppressed the ethanol-induced BACE1 expression. In conclusion, ethanol-induced eIF2α phosphorylation stimulates COX-2 expression and PGE2 production which induces the BACE1 expression and Aβ production via EP-2 receptor-dependent PKA/CREB pathway.
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Jung JH, Lee HJ, Lee HS, Jo JH, Cho IR, Chung MJ, Park JY, Park SW, Song SY, Bang S. Benefit of neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:3301-3308. [PMID: 28566890 PMCID: PMC5434436 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i18.3301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To clarify the role of neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (NACCRT) followed by surgical resection for localized or locally advanced perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (CCA).
METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 57 patients who underwent surgical resection with or without NACCRT for perihilar CCA; 12 patients received NACCRT and 45 patients did not received NACCRT. Patients with locally advanced perihilar CCA requiring NACCRT were defined as follows: (1) a mass involving unilateral branches of the portal vein or hepatic artery with insufficient volume of the anticipated remnant lobe; or (2) an infiltrating mass in the main portal vein that was too long for reconstruction, identified at preoperative staging.
RESULTS The median disease-free survival (DFS) durations of the neoadjuvant and non-neoadjuvant CCRT groups were 26.0 and 15.1 mo, respectively (P = 0.91). The median overall survival (OS) durations of the neoadjuvant and non-neoadjuvant CCRT groups were 32.9 and 27.1 mo, respectively (P = 0.26). The NACCRT group showed a downstaging tendency compared to the non-NACCRT group as compared with the tumor stage confirmed by histological examination after surgery and the tumor stage confirmed by imaging test at the time of diagnosis (P = 0.01).
CONCLUSION NACCRT does not prolong DFS and OS in localized or locally advanced perihilar CCA. However, NACCRT may allow tumor downstaging and improve tumor resectability.
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Park YB, Ha CW, Kim JA, Han WJ, Rhim JH, Lee HJ, Kim KJ, Park YG, Chung JY. Single-stage cell-based cartilage repair in a rabbit model: cell tracking and in vivo chondrogenesis of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells and hyaluronic acid hydrogel composite. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:570-580. [PMID: 27789339 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) have gained popularity as a promising cell source for regenerative medicine, but limited in vivo studies have reported cartilage repair. In addition, the roles of MSCs in cartilage repair are not well-understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of transplanting hUCB-MSCs and hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel composite to repair articular cartilage defects in a rabbit model and determine whether the transplanted cells persisted or disappeared from the defect site. DESIGN Osteochondral defects were created in the trochlear grooves of the knees. The hUCB-MSCs and HA composite was transplanted into the defect of experimental knees. Control knees were transplanted by HA or left untreated. Animals were sacrificed at 8 and 16 weeks post-transplantation and additionally at 2 and 4 weeks to evaluate the fate of transplanted cells. The repair tissues were evaluated by gross, histological and immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS Transplanting hUCB-MSCs and HA composite resulted in overall superior cartilage repair tissue with better quality than HA alone or no treatment. Cellular architecture and collagen arrangement at 16 weeks were similar to those of surrounding normal articular cartilage tissue. Histological scores also revealed that cartilage repair in experimental knees was better than that in control knees. Immunohistochemical analysis with anti-human nuclear antibody confirmed that the transplanted MSCs disappeared gradually over time. CONCLUSION Transplanting hUCB-MSCs and HA composite promote cartilage repair and interactions between hUCB-MSCs and host cells initiated by paracrine action may play an important role in cartilage repair.
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Park JG, Park SY, Tak WY, Kweon YO, Jang SY, Lee YR, Hur K, Lee HJ, Lee HW. Early complications after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma: an analysis of 1,843 ablations in 1,211 patients in a single centre: experience over 10 years. Clin Radiol 2017; 72:692.e9-692.e15. [PMID: 28364952 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the incidence of adverse events and associated factors after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma within 30 days. MATERIALS AND METHODS The early complications that occurred within 30 days after RFA at a single institution from January 2000 to July 2010 were reviewed in order to evaluate the morbidity, mortality, and risk factors associated with the complications. In total, 1,211 patients (845 men, 70.5%) with a mean age of 68 years (range, 27-88 years) underwent 1,843 RFA procedures. RESULTS The overall incidence rate of complications was 6.8% (125 cases). Major complications (n=36, 2%) included liver abscess (n=15, 0.8%), intraperitoneal bleeding (n=8, 0.4%), liver failure (n=5, 0.3%), variceal bleeding (n=3, 0.2%), haemothorax (n=2, 0.1%), cholecystitis (n=2, 0.1%), and bowel perforation (n=1, 0.1%). Among the minor complications (n=89, 4.8%), the most common was the post RFA syndrome accompanied by pain and fever (n=75, 4.1%). Other minor complications included significant pleural effusion (n=7, 0.4%), skin wound infection (n=4, 0.2%), and thermal injuries to the skin (n=3, 0.2%). Procedural infections significantly increased with tumour size (OR=1.379; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.191-1.579; p<0.001), and multiple overlapping ablations (OR=1.118; 95% CI, 1.019-1.227, p=0.018). Thrombocytopenia (<50,000/μl), prothrombin time, and serum albumin level were significantly associated with post-RFA bleeding episodes (p=0.041, p=0.021, and p=0.003, respectively). The overall mortality rate was 0.3% (three cases of hepatic failure, two case of sepsis, and one case of renal failure). CONCLUSIONS RFA is a safe and effective local treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. Careful selection of patients and appropriate RFA planning could decrease procedural mortality and morbidity.
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