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Morcillo C, Stochl J, Russo DA, Zambrana A, Ratnayake N, Jones PB, Perez J. First-rank symptoms and premorbid adjustment in young individuals at increased risk of developing psychosis. Psychopathology 2015; 48:120-6. [PMID: 25720419 DOI: 10.1159/000369859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis represent a heterogeneous group with a high rate of comorbid psychiatric disorders. There is little information on whether certain qualitative aspects of psychotic symptoms among CHR individuals may be predictive of future psychosis. This study focused on describing the prevalence of first-rank symptoms (FRS) among a sample of CHR individuals and its association with future transition to psychosis and, from a neurodevelopmental perspective, the level of adjustment of individuals at CHR during their childhood was also analysed. SAMPLING AND METHODS Participants comprised 60 individuals at CHR (according to the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States, CAARMS) at the time of their referral to an early intervention service and 60 healthy volunteers (HVs). All subjects were assessed by senior research clinicians using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). FRS were defined according to Kurt Schneider's original classification, and information was collected from PANSS, CAARMS and clinical reports. Early premorbid functioning was measured using the Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS). We grouped individuals by number and type of FRS and analysed transitions to full-blown psychosis over a 2-year follow-up period. We also correlated the general social and functional adjustment of these individuals during their childhood (6-11 years of age) with the future development of mental states at CHR and FRS. RESULTS Over 69% of CHR individuals had more than one DSM-IV psychiatric diagnosis, mainly within the affective and anxiety diagnostic spectra. At least one FRS was present in 43.3% of CHR individuals, and 21.6% of these had more than one. Auditory hallucinations and passivity experiences were the most commonly reported. Only 10% of individuals at CHR made a transition to first-episode psychosis (FEP) over 2 years and, except for passivity experiences, the presence of one or more FRS was not significantly associated with the transition to FEP. CHR individuals, especially those with FRS, had poorer premorbid functioning and adjustment as children across educational, social and peer relationship domains than HVs. However, this was not associated with FEP 2 years later. CONCLUSIONS FRS might not be indicators of psychosis alone but of different psychiatric disorders. In line with the neurodevelopmental model of psychosis, individuals at CHR might be exhibiting several vulnerability traits and manifestations of abnormal developmental processes that might predict a future psychiatric disorder and/or long-term impairment.
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Azaro A, Marino D, Garrido-Castro A, Cruz C, Alsina M, Perez J, Dienstmann R, Argiles G, Hierro C, Berzosa M, Adamo B, Tabernero J, Rodon J. 386 PI3K and MEK inhibitor combination toxicities and relative dose intensity: Vall d'Hebron experience. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)70512-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Neogi A, Karna S, Shah R, Phillipose U, Perez J, Shimada R, Wang ZM. Surface plasmon enhancement of broadband photoluminescence emission from graphene oxide. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:11310-11315. [PMID: 25139261 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr03055a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The photoluminescence (PL) emission studies of both graphene oxide (GO) and partially reduced graphene oxide (rGO) have been investigated. It has been observed that GO has broadband emission from the green to near infrared range and upon reduction rGO shows blue PL emission. The broadband PL emission is due to the recombination of the electron-hole pair in the sp(2) domain embedded within the sp(3) matrix. The broadband PL emission also suggests the existence of various sizes of the sp(2) domain within the same matrix. Furthermore, PL emission from GO in the presence of an Au metal thin film has been investigated. It has been observed that the entire broadband emission from GO in the green to near infrared wavelength region is enhanced significantly at room temperature. The Au-GO interface exhibits surface plasmon resonance in the visible wavelength region and is responsible for over 10 fold enhancement in the photoluminescence at ∼2.36 eV. The electrical property measurements on the GO and rGO thin films suggested that the rGO exhibits significantly higher electrical conductivity compared to that of the GO thin film. Furthermore, the GO thin film exhibits semiconducting behaviour. These properties make the material quite suitable for fabrication of new generation photonic devices.
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Rodriguez-Dechicha N, Vaquer I, Camara E, Garcia-Gorro C, Calopa M, Garau-Rolandi M, Garcia A, Martinez S, Perez J, Kulisevsky J, Munoz E, Santa-Cruz P, Ruiz J, Mareca C, Caballol N, Subira S, de Diego-Balaguer R. H03 Awareness Of Dysexecutive Function In Huntington Disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-309032.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Perez J, Fernandez J, Ribas T, Barrio P, Mostaza A. P17.66 * GLIOMATOSIS CEREBRI WITH MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION TO A LONG-SURVIVAL GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME AFTER TEN YEARS OF EVOLUTION. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou174.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Perez J, Fernandez J, Ribas T, Barrio P, Mostaza A. P17.67 * SUBCUTANEOUS METASTASES FROM A GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME: CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou174.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Veyrunes F, Perez J, Borremans B, Gryseels S, Richards LR, Duran A, Chevret P, Robinson TJ, Britton-Davidian J. A new cytotype of the African pygmy mouse Mus minutoides in Eastern Africa. Implications for the evolution of sex-autosome translocations. Chromosome Res 2014; 22:533-43. [PMID: 25159220 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-014-9440-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The African pygmy mice (genus Mus, subgenus Nannomys) are recognized for their highly conserved morphology but extensive chromosomal diversity, particularly involving sex-autosome translocations, one of the rarest chromosomal rearrangements among mammals. It has been shown that in the absence of unambiguous diagnostic morphological traits, sex-autosome translocations offer accurate taxonomic markers. For example, in Mus minutoides, irrespective of the diploid number (which ranges from 2n = 18 to 34), all specimens possess the sex-autosome translocations (X.1) and (Y.1) that are unique to this species. In this study, we describe a new cytotype that challenges this view. Males are characterized by the translocation (Y.1) only, while females carry no sex-autosome translocation, the X chromosome being acrocentric. Hence, although sex-autosome translocations (X.1) and (Y.1) are still diagnostic when one or both are present, their absence does not rule out M. minutoides. This cytotype has a large distribution, with specimens found in Tanzania and in the eastern part of South Africa. The nonpervasive distribution of Rb(X.1) provides an opportunity to investigate different evolutionary scenarios of sex-autosome translocations using a phylogenetic framework and the distribution of telomeric repeats. The results tend to support a scenario involving a reversal event, i.e., fusion then fission of Rb(X.1), and highlighted the existence of a new X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y sex chromosome system, confirming the remarkable diversity of neo-sex chromosomes and sex determination systems in the African pygmy mice.
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López Bularte A, Nevares N, Trotta M, Perez J, Zapata A, Michelin S, Crudo J. Comparison of the internalization results of two minigastrin analogs labelled with 177Lu. Nucl Med Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.05.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Nevares N, Bularte AL, Trotta M, Perez J, Zapata A, Michelin S, Crudo J. 177Lu-DOTA-DIISAVVGIL: Labelling, quality controls and in-vitro assays. Nucl Med Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chung CH, Lee JW, Slebos RJ, Howard JD, Perez J, Kang H, Fertig EJ, Considine M, Gilbert J, Murphy BA, Nallur S, Paranjape T, Jordan RC, Garcia J, Burtness B, Forastiere AA, Weidhaas JB. A 3'-UTR KRAS-variant is associated with cisplatin resistance in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2014; 25:2230-2236. [PMID: 25081901 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A germline mutation in the 3'-untranslated region of KRAS (rs61764370, KRAS-variant: TG/GG) has previously been associated with altered patient outcome and drug resistance/sensitivity in various cancers. We examined the prognostic and predictive significance of this variant in recurrent/metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of 103 HNSCCs collected from three completed clinical trials. KRAS-variant genotyping was conducted for these samples and 8 HNSCC cell lines. p16 expression was determined in a subset of 26 oropharynx tumors by immunohistochemistry. Microarray analysis was also utilized to elucidate differentially expressed genes between KRAS-variant and non-variant tumors. Drug sensitivity in cell lines was evaluated to confirm clinical findings. RESULTS KRAS-variant status was determined in 95/103 (92%) of the HNSCC tumor samples and the allelic frequency of TG/GG was 32% (30/95). Three of the HNSCC cell lines (3/8) studied had the KRAS-variant. No association between KRAS-variant status and p16 expression was observed in the oropharynx subset (Fisher's exact test, P = 1.0). With respect to patient outcome, patients with the KRAS-variant had poor progression-free survival when treated with cisplatin (log-rank P = 0.002). Conversely, KRAS-variant patients appeared to experience some improvement in disease control when cetuximab was added to their platinum-based regimen (log-rank P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS The TG/GG rs61764370 KRAS-variant is a potential predictive biomarker for poor platinum response in R/M HNSCC patients. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS NCT00503997, NCT00425750, NCT00003809.
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Hummel M, Perez J, Hagen R, Gelbrich G, Ernestus R, Matthies C. How to Prevent Hearing Loss in Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery—Surgical Conclusions from ABR Monitoring. Skull Base Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1384101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Matthies C, Hummel M, Schmidt A, Mlynski R, Perez J, Hagen R. Preservation of Hearing in Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery. Skull Base Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1384099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Perez J, Stetter C, Friedrich J, Ernestus R, Gelbrich G, Matthies C. Impact of Facial Nerve Function on Quality of Life after Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery. Skull Base Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1384043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Matthies C, Hummel M, Perez J, Hagen R, Ernestus R. Optimizing Facial Nerve Preservation in Surgery of Vestibular Schwannomas. Skull Base Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1384145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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90
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Meaume S, Dissemond J, Addala A, Vanscheidt W, Stücker M, Goerge T, Perceau G, Chahim M, Wicks G, Perez J, Tacca O, Bohbot S. Evaluation of two fibrous wound dressings for the management of leg ulcers: results of a European randomised controlled trial (EARTH RCT). J Wound Care 2014; 23:105-6,108-11, 114-6. [PMID: 24633056 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2014.23.3.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance (efficacy, safety and acceptability) of a new micro-adherent absorbent dressing (UrgoClean®) compared with a hydrofiber dressing (Aquacel®) in the local management of venous leg ulcers, in the debridement stage. METHOD A non-inferiority European randomised controlled clinical trial (RCT) was conducted in 37 centres, on patients presenting with venous or predominantly venous, mixed aetiology leg ulcers at their sloughy stage (with more than 70% of the wound bed covered with slough at baseline). Patients were followed over a 6-week period and assessed weekly. The primary judgement criteria was the relative regression of the wound surface area after the 6-week treatment period. Secondary endpoints were the relative reduction of sloughy tissue and the percentage of patients presenting with a debrided wound. RESULTS Altogether, 159 patients were randomised to either UrgoClean (test group; n=83) or Aquacel (control group; n=76) dressings. Regarding the wound healing process predictive factors (wound area, duration, ABPI value, recurrence), at baseline, the two groups were well balanced, for both wound and patient characteristics. Compression therapy was administered to both groups and after a median 42-day treatment period, the percentage of relative reduction of the wound surface area was very similar (-36.9% vs -35.4% in the UrgoClean and control groups, respectively). When considering the secondary criteria at week 6, the relative reduction of sloughy tissue was significantly higher in the UrgoClean group than in the control group (-65.3% vs -42,6%; p=0.013). The percentage of debrided wounds was also significantly higher in the test group (52.5% vs 35.1%; p=0.033). CONCLUSION This 'EARTH' RCT confirmed that the UrgoClean dressing has similar efficacy and safety compared to Aquacel. However, UrgoClean also showed better autolytic properties than the control group in the management of venous leg ulcers at the sloughy stage. The new UrgoClean dressing therefore represents a promising therapeutic option within the current range of autolytic dressings available. DECLARATION OF INTEREST This study was sponsored by a grant from the pharmaceutical company Laboratoires Urgo. S. Bohbot and O. Tacca are employees of Laboratoires Urgo. S. Meaume, J. Dissemond and G. Perceau have received monetary compensation as presenters for Laboratoires Urgo. Data management and statistical analyses were conducted independently by Vertical (Paris, France).
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Lopez I, Jauregui A, Sole J, Deu M, Romero L, Perez J, Bello I, Wong M, Canela M. B-003 * LUNG TRANSPLANTATION WITH DONORS 60 YEARS AND OLDER. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivu167.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Jauregui A, Lopez I, Sole J, Deu M, Romero L, Perez J, Bello I, Canela M. O-102 * DONOR-TO-HOST TRANSMISSION OF INFECTION IN LUNG TRANSPLANTATION. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivu167.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kratochwill K, Boehm M, Herzog R, Kuster L, Gleiss A, Aufricht C, Vychytil A, Prasad N, Singh K, Prasad K, Gupta A, Bhadauria D, Perez J, Selgas R, Prieto M, Sanchez JA, Remon C, Latus J, Habib SM, Kitterer D, Korte M, Ulmer C, Fritz P, Davies S, Lambie M, Alscher MD, Betjes M, Segerer S, Braun N, Kitterer D, Latus J, Ulmer C, Alscher MD, Segerer S, Braun N, Herzog R, Gluxam T, Becker J, Vychytil A, Aufricht C, Kratochwill K. PERITONEAL DIALYSIS. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Shah R, Datashvili T, Cai T, Wahrmund J, Menard B, Menard KP, Brostow W, Perez J. Effects of functionalised reduced graphene oxide on frictional and wear properties of epoxy resin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1179/1433075x14y.0000000220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Tan L, Dickens JA, DeMeo DL, Miranda E, Perez J, Rashid ST, Day J, Ordonez A, Marciniak SJ, Haq I, Barker AF, Campbell EJ, Eden E, McElvaney NG, Rennard SI, Sandhaus RA, Stocks JM, Stoller JK, Strange C, Turino G, Rouhani FN, Brantly M, Lomas DA. Circulating polymers in 1-antitrypsin deficiency. Eur Respir J 2014; 43:1501-4. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00111213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Guinot J, Ricós J, Tortajada M, Santos M, Perez J, Martos A, Guardino C, De los Dolores V, González V, Casanova J. PO-1035: Comparison of permanent 125-I seeds implants with two different techniques in 500 cases of prostate cancer. Radiother Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)31153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Dickens JA, Tan L, DeMeo DL, Miranda E, Perez J, Rashid ST, Day J, Ordonez A, Marciniak SJ, Haq I, Barker AF, Campbell EJ, Eden E, McElvaney NG, Rennard SI, Sandhaus RA, Stocks JM, Stoller JK, Strange C, Turino G, Rouhani FN, Brantly M, Lomas DA. S64 Circulating polymers are found in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and are associated with lung disease. Thorax 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ferrer B, Espinosa J, Roig AB, Perez J, Mas D. Vibration frequency measurement using a local multithreshold technique. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:26198-26208. [PMID: 24216844 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.026198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate the use of a video camera for measuring the frequency of small-amplitude vibration movements. The method is based on image acquisition and multilevel thresholding and it only requires a video camera with high enough acquisition rate, not being necessary the use of targets or auxiliary laser beams. Our proposal is accurate and robust. We demonstrate the technique with a pocket camera recording low-resolution videos with AVI-JPEG compression and measuring different objects that vibrate in parallel or perpendicular direction to the optical sensor. Despite the low resolution and the noise, we are able to measure the main vibration modes of a tuning fork, a loudspeaker and a bridge. Results are successfully compared with design parameters and measurements with alternative devices.
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Lefebvre J, Lepintre J, Faure C, Perez J. RESULTATS DE L'ANGIOGRAPHIE CEREBRALE AU COURS DES HEMIPLEGIES CEREBRALES INFANTILES. Acta Radiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/028418515604600157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ballaz SJ, Perez J, Waselus M, Akil H, Watson SJ. Interaction between cholecystokinin and the fibroblast growth factor system in the ventral tegmental area of selectively bred high- and low-responder rats. Neuroscience 2013; 255:68-75. [PMID: 24121132 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Individual differences in the locomotor response to novelty have been linked to basal differences in dopaminergic neurotransmission. Mesolimbic dopaminergic outputs are regulated by cholecystokinin (CCK), a neuropeptide implicated in anxiety. In turn, CCK expression is regulated by fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2), which has recently been identified as an endogenous regulator of anxiety. FGF2 binds to the high-affinity fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGF-R1) to regulate the development and maintenance of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). However, the relationship between the FGF and CCK systems in the VTA is not well understood. Therefore, we utilized the selectively-bred low-responder (bLR; high-anxiety) and high-responder (bHR; low-anxiety) rats to examine the effects of repeated (21-day) FGF2 treatment on CCK and FGF-R1 mRNA in the rostral VTA (VTAr). In vehicle-treated controls, both CCK and FGF-R1 mRNA levels were increased in the VTAr of bLR rats relative to bHR rats. Following FGF2 treatment, however, bHR-bLR differences in CCK and FGF-R1 mRNA expression were eliminated, due to decreased CCK mRNA levels in the VTAr of bLR rats and increased FGF-R1 expression in bHR rats. Differences after FGF2 treatment may denote distinct interactions between the CCK and FGF systems in the VTAr of bHR vs. bLR rats. Indeed, significant correlations between CCK and FGF-R1 mRNA expression were found in bHR, but not bLR rats. Colocalization studies suggest that CCK and FGF-R1 are coexpressed in some VTAr neurons. Taken together, our findings suggest that the FGF system is poised to modulate both CCK and FGF-R1 expression in the VTAr, which may be associated with individual differences in mesolimbic pathways associated with anxiety-like behavior.
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