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Cho JH, Lim JY, Choi AR, Choi SM, Kim JW, Choi SH, Cho JY. Comparison of Surgery Plus Chemotherapy and Palliative Chemotherapy Alone for Advanced Gastric Cancer with Krukenberg Tumor. Cancer Res Treat 2015; 47:697-705. [PMID: 25648093 PMCID: PMC4614195 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2013.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to validate the survival benefit of metastasectomy plus chemotherapy over chemotherapy alone for treatment of Krukenberg tumors from gastric cancer and to identify prognostic factors for survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical data from 216 patients with Krukenberg tumors from gastric cancer were collected. Patients were divided into two arms according to treatment modality: arm A, metastasectomy plus chemotherapy and arm B, chemotherapy alone. RESULTS Overall survival (OS) was significantly increased in arm A relative to arm B for patients initially diagnosed with stage IV gastric cancer (18.0 months vs. 8.0 months; p < 0.001) and those with recurrent Krukenberg tumors (19.0 months vs. 9.0 months; p=0.002), respectively. Metastasectomy (hazard ratio [HR], 0.458; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.287 to 0.732; p=0.001), signet-ring cell pathology (HR, 1.583; 95% CI, 1.057 to 2.371; p=0.026), and peritoneal carcinomatosis (HR, 3.081; 95% CI, 1.610 to 5.895; p=0.001) were significant prognostic factors for survival. CONCLUSION Metastasectomy plus chemotherapy offers superior OS when compared to palliative chemotherapy alone in gastric cancer with Krukenberg tumor. Prolonged survival applies to all patients, regardless of gastric cancer stage. Metastasectomy, signet-ring cell pathology, and peritoneal carcinomatosis were prognostic factors for survival. Future prospective randomized trials are needed to confirm the optimal treatment strategy for Krukenberg tumors from gastric cancer.
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Cho JY, Sun JS, Sur YK, Park JS, Kang DK. Relationship between left ventricular mass and coronary artery disease in young adults: a single-center study using cardiac computed tomography. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015; 31 Suppl 2:187-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s10554-015-0772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Bang YJ, Im SA, Lee KW, Cho JY, Song EK, Lee KH, Kim YH, Park JO, Chun HG, Zang DY, Fielding A, Rowbottom J, Hodgson D, O'Connor MJ, Yin X, Kim WH. Randomized, Double-Blind Phase II Trial With Prospective Classification by ATM Protein Level to Evaluate the Efficacy and Tolerability of Olaparib Plus Paclitaxel in Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Gastric Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:3858-65. [PMID: 26282658 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.60.0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Gastric cancer cell lines, particularly those with low levels of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), a key activator of DNA damage response, are sensitive to the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor olaparib. We compared the efficacy of olaparib plus paclitaxel (olaparib/paclitaxel) with paclitaxel alone in patients with recurrent or metastatic gastric cancer and assessed whether low ATM expression is predictive of improved clinical outcome for olaparib/paclitaxel. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this phase II, double-blind study (Study 39; NCT01063517), patients were randomly assigned to oral olaparib 100 mg twice per day (tablets) plus paclitaxel (80 mg/m(2) per day intravenously on days 1, 8, and 15 of every 28-day cycle) or placebo plus paclitaxel (placebo/paclitaxel), followed by maintenance monotherapy with olaparib (200 mg twice per day) or placebo. The study population was enriched to 50% for patients with low or undetectable ATM levels (ATMlow). Primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS One hundred twenty-three of 124 randomly assigned patients received treatment (olaparib/paclitaxel, n = 61; placebo/paclitaxel, n = 62). The screening prevalence of ATMlow patients was 14%. Olaparib/paclitaxel did not lead to a significant improvement in PFS versus placebo/paclitaxel (overall population: hazard ratio [HR], 0.80; median PFS, 3.91 v 3.55 months, respectively; ATMlow population: HR, 0.74; median PFS, 5.29 v 3.68 months, respectively). However, olaparib/paclitaxel significantly improved overall survival (OS) versus placebo/paclitaxel in both the overall population (HR, 0.56; 80% CI, 0.41 to 0.75; P = .005; median OS, 13.1 v 8.3 months, respectively) and the ATMlow population (HR, 0.35; 80% CI, 0.22 to 0.56; P = .002; median OS, not reached v 8.2 months, respectively). Olaparib/paclitaxel was generally well tolerated, with no unexpected safety findings. CONCLUSION Olaparib/paclitaxel is active in the treatment of patients with metastatic gastric cancer, with a greater OS benefit in ATMlow patients. A phase III trial in this setting is under way.
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Sohn W, Paik YH, Cho JY, Ahn JM, Choi GS, Kim JM, Kwon CH, Joh JW, Sinn DH, Gwak GY, Choi MS, Lee JH, Koh KC, Paik SW, Yoo BC. Influence of hepatitis B virus reactivation on the recurrence of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection in patients with low viral load. J Viral Hepat 2015; 22:539-50. [PMID: 25377516 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is unclear whether the reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) influences the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after resection in patients with chronic hepatitis B. The aim of this study was to identify the influence of HBV reactivation on the recurrence of hepatitis B-related HCC after curative resection in patients with low viral load (HBV DNA <2000 IU/mL). We retrospectively analysed a total of 130 patients who underwent curative resection for HBV-related early stage HCC (single nodule; <5 cm/two or three nodules; <3 cm) with pre-operative HBV DNA levels <2000 IU/mL with serial HBV DNA tests. The predictive factors including HBV reactivation for the recurrence of HBV-related HCC after curative resection were investigated. Fifty-three patients (41%) had HBV reactivation after resection among 130 patients. HBV reactivation was observed in 22 of 53 patients with undetectable baseline HBV DNA and in 31 of 77 patients with detectable baseline HBV DNA. Cumulative recurrence rates after resection at 1, 2 and 3 years were 17.0%, 23.3% and 31.4%, respectively. The multivariable analysis demonstrated that the risk factors for the recurrence were the presence of microvascular invasion (hazard ratio (HR) 2.62, P = 0.003), multinodularity (HR 4.61, P = 0.005), HBV reactivation after resection (HR 2.03, P = 0.032) and HBeAg positivity (HR 2.06, P = 0.044). HBV reactivation after curative resection is associated with the recurrence of HBV-related HCC in patients with low viral load.
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Zhu AX, Baron AD, Malfertheiner P, Kudo M, Kawazoe S, Pezet D, Weissinger F, Brandi G, Barone C, Okusaka T, Wada Y, Park JO, Ryoo BY, Cho JY, Chung HC, Li CP, Yen CJ, Lee KD, Yang L, Chau I. Ramucirumab (RAM) as second-line treatment in patients (pts) with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): Analysis of REACH pts by Child-Pugh (CP) score. J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.4108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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81
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Pavlakis N, Sjoquist KM, Tsobanis E, Martin AJ, Kang YK, Bang YJ, O'Callaghan CJ, Tebbutt NC, Rha SY, Lee J, Cho JY, Lipton LR, Burnell MJ, Alcindor T, Strickland A, Kim JW, Yip S, Simes J, Zalcberg JR, Goldstein D. INTEGRATE: A randomized, phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of regorafenib in refractory advanced oesophagogastric cancer (AOGC): A study by the Australasian Gastrointestinal Trials Group (AGITG)—Final overall and subgroup results. J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.4003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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82
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Oh SC, Ryu MH, Park SH, Ryoo BY, Park SR, Kim JG, Kim JW, Chung IJ, Park YI, Rha SY, Kang MJ, Cho JY, Kang SY, Hong YS, Nam BH, Jo YW, Yoon KE, Kang YK. A phase III study to compare efficacy and safety of DHP107 (oral paclitaxel) versus IV paclitaxel in patients with metastatic or recurrent gastric cancer after failure of first-line chemotherapy (DREAM). J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.tps4138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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83
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Park K, Lee JS, Lee KH, Kim JH, Min YJ, Cho JY, Han JY, Kim BS, Kim JS, Lee DH, Kang JH, Cho EK, Jang IJ, Jung J, Kim HY, Sin HJ, Son J, Woo JS, Kim DW. Updated safety and efficacy results from phase I/II study of HM61713 in patients (pts) with EGFR mutation positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who failed previous EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.8084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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84
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Ryu MH, Cho JY, Zang DY, Lee WK, Lee KW, Shin DB, Nam BH, Lee SS, Lee HW, Kim JG, Kim JS, Hwang IG, Baek JH, Yoo CH, Kang YK. A randomized phase III study of adjuvant capecitabine vs observation in curatively resected stage IB (by AJCC 6 th edition) gastric cancer (CATALYSIS; KCSG ST14-05). J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.tps4137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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85
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Fuchs CS, Muro K, Tomasek J, Van Cutsem E, Cho JY, Oh SC, Safran H, Bodoky G, Chau I, Shimada Y, Dumitru F, Al-Batran SE, Passalacqua R, Ohtsu A, Emig M, Ferry D, Chandrawansa K, Hsu Y, Sashegyi A, Wilke H. Prognostic factor analysis of overall survival (OS) in gastric cancer from two phase III studies of second-line ramucirumab (RAM) (REGARD and RAINBOW) using pooled individual patient (pt) data. J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.4028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Han YM, Park JM, Kangwan N, Jeong M, Lee S, Cho JY, Ko WJ, Hahm KB. Role of proton pump inhibitors in preventing hypergastrinemia-associated carcinogenesis and in antagonizing the trophic effect of gastrin. JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY : AN OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE POLISH PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2015; 66:159-167. [PMID: 25903947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Gastrin is the main hormone stimulating gastric acid secretion, but it exerts proliferative and anti-apoptotic actions on various cancer cell types, in addition to its well-known trophic effect on enterochromaffin-like cells. As treatment with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) increases the biosynthesis and secretion of gastrin, it has been postulated that treatment with PPIs could increase the risk of cancer, especially in Barrett's esophagus, gastric carcinoids, and colorectal cancer (CRC). Some tumors produce gastrin of their own, which can act in an autocrine manner to promote tumor growth. In addition, gastrin is known to foster the tumor microenvironment. However, in spite of these potentially increased cancer risks due to PPI-induced hypergastrinemia, prospective, large-scale cohort studies did not show an increase in CRC prevalence. The question as to why the long-term use of PPIs was not associated with an increased cancer risk of CRC might be answered by the fact that the PPIs antagonized the trophic effects of hypergastrinemia. Furthermore, the blockade of proton pumps or potassium channels in cancer cells could limit the abnormal glycolytic energy metabolism of cancer cells. Apart from their suppressive effect on gastric acids, PPIs exert an anti-tumor effect through the selective induction of apoptosis as well as an anti-inflammatory effect, and they protect cells from developing chemo- or radiotherapeutic resistance. Moreover, the anti-carcinogenic actions of PPIs were augmented with PPI-induced hypergastrinemia. Together with their potential targeted killing of cancer stem cells, these effects demonstrate their potential anti-cancer actions.
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Kim YH, Lee M, Lee A, Cho JY, Chang WH. Abstract W P103: Modulation of Motor Network Activities by Dual-mode Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Stroke Patients. Stroke 2015. [DOI: 10.1161/str.46.suppl_1.wp103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
Combination of two non-invasive brain stimulation (NBS) modes, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), have been tried to enhance motor function in stroke patients. We aimed to investigate the changes of motor network after dual-mode NBS using Electroencephalogram (EEG).
Methods:
Seven subacute ischemic stroke patients (mean age of 60.6 years; 4 males) and 8 healthy controls (mean age of 29.3 years; 4 males) participated. Participants received simultaneous application of 2mA cathodal tDCS over contralesional M1 and 10 Hz rTMS over the ipsilesional M1. Motor function was assessed before and after stimulation by serial reaction time task (SPTT). Eyes-closed resting state EEG was measured for 5 mins using the Neuroprax® EEG system (NeuroConn GmbH, Germany) before and after stimulation, respectively. The EEG signals were preprocessed using the SPM12b (http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm/). In stroke patients, we flipped EEG signals from affected hemisphere to the left side. We confirmed event-related dynamics of brain oscillations through topography, and connectivity between ipsilesional M1 and contralesional M1 in mu band (8-12Hz) showing resting-state motor neurons over the bilateral M1s.
Results:
Pre-simulation Event-related desynchronization (ERD) topographic map showed balancing between both hemispheres in heathy controls, however in stroke patients, ipsilesional M1 appeared more ERD, with unbalancing between both hemispheres. After dual-mode NBS, ERD topographic map showed balanced ERD between bilateral hemispheres in both healthy and stroke groups. In other words, stroke patients showed more ERS over the ipsilesional M1 after NBS. Furthermore, in stroke patients, connectivity between ipsilesional M1 (C3) and contralesional M1 (C4) increased after NBS, whereas connectivity between C3 and C4 decreased in healthy controls.
Conclusions:
These results revealed that there were a balanced ERD and increase of connectivity between bilateral hemispheres after dual-mode NBS in stroke patients. The dual-mode NBS may modulate the pre-existing inter-hemispheric imbalance of both hemispheres in stroke patients.
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Shah MA, Cho JY, Huat ITB, Tebbutt NC, Yen CJ, Kang A, Shames DS, Bu L, Kang YK. Randomized phase II study of FOLFOX +/- MET inhibitor, onartuzumab (O), in advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEC). J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.3_suppl.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
2 Background: Aberrant up-regulation of the MET/HGF pathway is associated with poor prognosis in multiple malignancies, including GEC. Onartuzumab (O) is a fully humanized, monovalent anti-MET antibody that inhibits HGF binding and receptor activation. We examined the efficacy and safety of mFOLFOX6 and O in the first-line setting for metastatic, HER2-negative GEC. Methods: This was a double-blind, placebo controlled phase II study in which patients were randomized 1:1 to mFOLFOX6 + O 10 mg/kg. Eligibility included no prior treatment for metastatic disease, age >18, ECOG 0-1, retained organ function, HER2-negative, and evaluable disease. The primary objectives were to detect a meaningful improvement in progression free survival (PFS) in the ITT population or the MET-positive (≥ 50% of tumor with moderate-strong intensity staining by IHC based on central review) subgroup. With 120 patients enrolled and 84 PFS events observed, the target HR was 0.7 in the ITT population, and 0.6 in the MET-positive subgroup (estimated 50% of total). Results: 123 patients (83 Asia/Pacific, 40 US) from 25 sites were from 7/2012-5/2013. The treatment arms were well balanced: median age (57 placebo (P), 58.5 O), male (n=36 (59%) P, n=40 (65%) O), and MET-positive (n=19 (33%) P, n=16 (28%) O). Serious adverse events were more frequent with O (55%) vs placebo (40%). Selected grade 3-5 adverse events observed at least 5% more commonly with O included neutropenia (58% vs 45%), thrombocytopenia (10% vs 3%), peripheral edema (10% vs 0), and pulmonary embolism (7% vs 2%). At data cutoff (29 Jan 2014), 96 patients had PFS events (n=46 (74%) O, n=50 (82%) P), with median PFS of 6.77 and 6.97 months, respectively (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.71-1.63). In the MET-positive subgroup, median PFS was 5.95 months for O and 6.8 months for placebo (HR 1.38 [0.60-3.20]). No difference in efficacy was noted with alternate MET-positive definitions (50% vs 90% MET staining, and 1, 2, or 3+ intensity). Conclusions: The addition of O to mFOLFOX6 in metastatic GEC did not improve PFS in either an unselected population or in MET-positive patients as defined by IHC. Additional biomarker analyses are ongoing to identify patients that may benefit from MET inhibition. Clinical trial information: NCT01662869.
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Pavlakis N, Sjoquist KM, Tsobanis E, Martin A, Kang YK, Bang YJ, O'Callaghan CJ, Tebbutt NC, Rha SY, Lee J, Cho JY, Lipton LR, Burnell MJ, Alcindor T, Strickland A, Wong M, Kim JW, Simes J, Zalcberg JR, Goldstein D. INTEGRATE: A randomized phase II double-blind placebo-controlled study of regorafenib in refractory advanced oesophagogastric cancer (AOGC)—A study by the Australasian Gastrointestinal Trials Group (AGITG), first results. J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.3_suppl.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
9 Background: Advanced Oesophago-Gastric Carcinoma (AOGC) has limited options following failure of first or second line chemotherapy (CT). Regorafenib (REG) is an oral multi-kinase inhibitor of kinases involved in angiogenesis, tumor microenvironment, and oncogenesis. This study examined whether REG has sufficient activity and safety for further evaluation. Methods: International (Australia & New Zealand (ANZ), Korea, Canada (NCIC CTG)) randomised phase II trial with 2:1 randomisation and stratification by: (1) Lines of prior CT for advanced disease (1 vs. 2) and (2) Region. Eligible patients received best supportive care plus 160mg REG or matching PBO orally on days 1-21 each 28-day cycle until disease progression or prohibitive adverse events. Primary endpoint was progression free survival (PFS) in the REG arm, assuming median 8 weeks (wks) in PBO arm, aiming for 13.2 wks with REG to be of interest. Results: From Nov 2012 to Feb 2014, 152 patients were enrolled, 147 evaluable [pre-specified primary analysis population]: (REG n=97: PBO n=50); well matched for key baseline prognostic indicators; male:female (118:29); primary location: OG Junction (56), stomach (85); lines of prior therapy: 1 (63), 2 (84); ECOG 0 (62): 1 (85). Time on treatment: Median: 7.9 (REG) v 4 (PBO) wks. In the evaluable population median PFS was 11.1 wks (95% CI: 7.7 - 12.3) (REG) and 3.9 wks (95% CI: 3.7 - 4.0) (PBO), log-rank p <0.0001; HR 0.41 (95% CI: 0.28 to 0.59). PFS results were maintained for secondary analysis including all randomized patients (n = 152). REG was well tolerated, with the spectrum of toxicity in keeping with previous reports. Conclusions: PFS was clearly significantly longer with REG than PBO, though PBO PFS was less than anticipated. The pre-specified exploratory comparisons provide compelling evidence that REG has sufficient activity with acceptable tolerability in refractory AOGC to warrant phase III evaluation. Mature OS results will be presented at the meeting. Clinical trial information: 12612000239864.
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Seol SY, Lim JY, Yoon SO, Hong SW, Kim JW, Choi SH, Cho JY. Abstract 4718: ERO1L, a novel prognostic marker of gastric cancer patient survival, mediates cancer cell invasion and chemoresistance. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-4718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the second cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Even though within same stage, gastric cancer patients present diverse clinical manifestations and prognosis. Molecular markers will be important in predicting patients' outcomes and tailoring personalized treatments according to individual biology. In this study, we analyzed the gene expression profile of human gastric cancer (published on CCR) to identify potential biomarkers. We found that TXN family genes and ERO1L were significantly overexpressed and related to prognosis. We evaluated ERO1L significantly overexpressed in gastric cancer and ERO1L was very highly expressed in hypoxic condition. The other study has identified ERO1L as included in the small group of eight genes predicting poor survival of patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma. We show that ERO1L is a prognostic marker for overall survival among patients with gastric cancer. To investigate the function of ERO1L gene in gastric cancer cell line (AGS and MKN1), we tested the effect of ERO1L expression on gastric cancer cells. To determine the biologic role of ERO1L in regulating cancer cell proliferation, stable transfection of shRNA and expression vector for ERO1L in gastric cancer cells. Our results showed that shERO1L decrease cell proliferation. Next, we tested whether or not the ERO1L gene is involved in progression to metastatic disease in gastric cancer, especially in tumorigenesis, including migration and invasion. In Functional studies, ERO1L silencing decrease gastric cancer cell migaration and invasion, whereas EROL expression significantly increase cell migration and invasiveness. We examined whether ERO1L plays a role in chemoresistance in gastric cancer cells. After silencing or overexpressing ERO1L, we carried out cell viability assays in gastric cancer cells with a panel of chemotherapy agents used to treat gastric cancer patients: a microtubule stabilizer (paclitaxel) and an antimetabilite (5-FU). Surprisingly, Silencing ERO1L expression led gastric cancer cells to become more sensitive to paclitaxel and 5-FU. In conclusion, our findings show that a prognostic molecular signature that can predict the poor progression of gastric cancer tumors. Furthermore, unequal distribution of expression patterns reflecting activation of ERO1L with different survival rates supports a personalized target therapy in gastric cancer with biomarker gene signature driven patient selection.
Citation Format: So-Young Seol, Jae Yun Lim, Sun Och Yoon, Soon Won Hong, Jong Won Kim, Seung Ho Choi, Jae Yong Cho. ERO1L, a novel prognostic marker of gastric cancer patient survival, mediates cancer cell invasion and chemoresistance. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4718. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4718
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Lee JH, Kim JG, Jung HK, Kim JH, Jeong WK, Jeon TJ, Kim JM, Kim YI, Ryu KW, Kong SH, Kim HI, Jung HY, Kim YS, Zang DY, Cho JY, Park JO, Lim DH, Jung ES, Ahn HS, Kim HJ. [Synopsis on clinical practice guideline of gastric cancer in Korea: an evidence-based approach]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2014; 63:66-81. [PMID: 24561693 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2014.63.2.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although, gastric cancer is quite common in Korea, the treatment outcome is relatively favorable compared to that of Western countries. However, there is no Korean multidisciplinary guideline for gastric cancer and thus, a guideline adequate for domestic circumstances is required. Experts from related societies developed 22 recommendation statements for the diagnosis (n=9) and treatment (n=13) based on relevant key questions. Evidence levels based on systematic review of literatures were classified as five levels from A to E, and recommendation grades were classified as either strong or weak. The topics of this guideline cover diagnostic modalities (endoscopy, endoscopic ultrasound, radiologic diagnosis), treatment modalities (surgery, therapeutic endoscopy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy) and pathologic evaluation. External review of the guideline was conducted at the finalization phase.
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Lim JY, Cho JH, Lee SJ, Lee DK, Yoon DS, Cho JY. Gemcitabine Combined with Capecitabine Compared to Gemcitabine with or without Erlotinib as First-Line Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Res Treat 2014; 47:266-73. [PMID: 25327494 PMCID: PMC4398119 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2013.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study is to retrospectively compare the efficacy and tolerability between three regimens for first-line chemotherapy—gemcitabine plus capecitabine (GEM-X), gemcitabine plus erlotinib (GEM-T), and gemcitabine monotherapy (GEM)—in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Materials and Methods There was a total of 127 patients who underwent chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer between January 2007 and November 2011 at our institution. Patients were treated with either GEM (gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15 every 4 weeks), GEM-T (gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks and erlotinib 100 mg daily), or GEM-X (gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks and capecitabine 850 mg/m2 twice daily for 2 weeks followed by 1 week’s rest) as the first-line treatment. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and toxicity were evaluated. Results The patient population was divided into groups depending on their first-line treatment: GEM (n=47), GEM-T (n=44), and GEM-X (n=36). GEM-X significantly improved ORR (21.2% vs. 12.7% and 15.9%), PFS (8.9 vs. 5.2 and 3.9 months; p < 0.001), and OS (12.1 vs. 10.4 and 9.9 months; p = 0.03) compared to GEM and GEM-T, respectively. There were higher incidences of some non-hematologic adverse events with GEM-X and GEM-T compared to GEM, but most were grade 1 or 2. Conclusion GEM-X presented better clinical efficacy and acceptable tolerability than GEM-T and GEM in advanced pancreatic cancers. It is worthy to further investigate which agent has a clinical advantage as a combination drug with gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer and to explore the predictive markers leading to personalize anti-cancer treatment.
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Lee JH, Kim JG, Jung HK, Kim JH, Jeong WK, Jeon TJ, Kim JM, Kim YI, Ryu KW, Kong SH, Kim HI, Jung HY, Kim YS, Zang DY, Cho JY, Park JO, Lim DH, Jung ES, Ahn HS, Kim HJ. Clinical practice guidelines for gastric cancer in Korea: an evidence-based approach. J Gastric Cancer 2014; 14:87-104. [PMID: 25061536 PMCID: PMC4105383 DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2014.14.2.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although gastric cancer is quite common in Korea, the treatment outcome is relatively favorable compared to those in western countries. However, there are currently no Korean multidisciplinary guidelines for gastric cancer. Experts from related societies developed guidelines de novo to meet Korean circumstances and requirements, including 23 recommendation statements for diagnosis (n=9) and treatment (n=14) based on relevant key questions. The quality of the evidence was rated according to the GRADE evidence evaluation framework: the evidence levels were based on a systematic review of the literature, and the recommendation grades were classified as either strong or weak. The applicability of the guidelines was considered to meet patients' view and preferences in the context of Korea. The topics of the guidelines cover diagnostic modalities (endoscopy, endoscopic ultrasound, and radiologic diagnosis), treatment modalities (surgery, therapeutic endoscopy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy), and pathologic evaluation. An external review of the guidelines was conducted during the finalization phase.
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Cho JH, Choi AR, Choi SM, Lim JY, Cho JY. Survival benefit of metastasectomy plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for Krukenberg tumors from advanced stomach cancer. J Clin Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.32.15_suppl.4049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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95
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Fuchs CS, Tomasek J, Cho JY, Tomasello G, Goswami C, dos Santos LV, Aprile G, Ferry D, Melichar B, Tehfe MA, Topuzov E, Zalcberg JR, Chau I, Tabernero J, Hsu Y, Schwartz JD, Koshiji M, Safran H. REGARD: A phase 3, randomized, double-blind trial of ramucirumab (RAM) and best supportive care (BSC) versus placebo (PL) and BSC in the treatment of metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma following disease progression (PD) on first-line platinum- and/or fluoropyrimidine-containing combination therapy: Age subgroup analysis. J Clin Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.32.15_suppl.4057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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96
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Lee WC, Lee TH, Jang JY, Lee JS, Cho JY, Lee JS, Jeon SR, Kim HG, Kim JO, Cho YK. Staging accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound performed by nonexpert endosonographers in patients with resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: is it possible? Dis Esophagus 2014; 28:574-8. [PMID: 24835402 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is operator-dependent. According to learning curve study, the accuracy of EUS T-staging for esophageal cancer has been reported to be greater in an investigator who had performed at least 100 EUS examinations. We determined comparative study regarding T-staging accuracy of EUS for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma between expert and nonexpert endoscopic ultrasonographers. We retrospectively identified 73 consecutive patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent EUS and endoscopic mucosal resection, endoscopic submucosal dissection, or surgery. EUS was performed by expert (Group 1) and nonexpert (Group 2) endoscopic ultrasonographers in multitertiary hospitals. Groups 1 and 2 were 37 and 36 patients during 2005-2011, respectively. Forty-two patients (57.5%) of the overall patients underwent surgical exploration. Correct endoscopic ultrasonographic T-staging of Group 1 was observed in 34 (91.9%) patients, while that of Group 2 was observed in 26 (72.2%) patients. And there was significant difference in correct endoscopic ultrasonographic T-staging between Group 1 and Group 2 (P = 0.035). The incorrect endoscopic ultrasonographic T-staging of Group 1 were three cases that were overstaging (8.1%), but in Group 2 there were seven overstaging (19.4%) and three understaging (8.3%). There was no significant difference in overstaging or understaging of incorrect endoscopic ultrasonographic T-staging between Group 1 and Group 2 (P = 0.528). This study first provides evidence that endoscopic ultrasonographic T-staging of nonexpert endoscopic ultrasonographers was inferior to be correct, compared with that of expert endoscopic ultrasonographers. EUS staging for esophageal cancer should be performed by expert endoscopic ultrasonographers to provide appropriate management strategy.
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Lee TH, Lee JS, Park JW, Cho SJ, Hong SJ, Jeon SR, Kim WJ, Kim HG, Cho JY, Kim JO. High-resolution impedance manometry facilitates assessment of pharyngeal residue and oropharyngeal dysphagic mechanisms. Dis Esophagus 2014; 27:220-9. [PMID: 23855892 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The utility of high-resolution impedance manometry (HRIM) for evaluating oropharyngeal dysphagia (OPD) has been investigated. These approaches are limited because of the sophisticated methodology. A method of transforming HRIM into a simple and useful diagnostic tool for evaluating OPD is needed. A videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) and HRIM were performed by independent blinded examiners in 26 consecutive healthy volunteers (12 men; median age, 56.5 years) and 10 OPD patients (five men; median age, 59.5 years). Upper esophageal sphincter (UES) relaxation parameters were measured using a standard HRIM protocol. Peristalsis and bolus transit of the pharyngoesophageal (PE) segment were assessed using an HRIM-modified protocol in which the catheter was pulled back 10 cm. PE bolus transits were evaluated with an impedance contour pattern (linear vs. stasis) method. A significant difference was observed between the manometric measures of healthy volunteers and OPD patients for only the duration of pharyngeal contraction (0.49 ± 0.19 vs. 0.76 ± 0.33 s, P = 0.04). The percentage agreement and kappa value for detecting pharyngeal residue between the VFSS and the impedance analysis were 100% and 1.00, respectively. HRIM allowed for comprehensive assessment of abnormal pharyngeal components that caused pharyngeal residue on VFSS in two patients; reduced base of the tongue versus weak pharyngeal contraction in one, and reduced relaxation of the UES versus reduced laryngeal elevation in the remaining patient. Our findings demonstrated that HRIM using a simple methodology (i.e., pull-back of the catheter) detected pharyngeal residue through a simple analysis of the impedance contour pattern (linear vs. stasis). Furthermore, HRIM facilitated a comprehensive assessment of OPD mechanisms and recognition of subtle abnormalities not yet visible to the naked eye on VFSS.
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98
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Lim SM, Lim JY, Cho JY. Targeted therapy in gastric cancer: personalizing cancer treatment based on patient genome. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:2042-50. [PMID: 24587678 PMCID: PMC3934474 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i8.2042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy has limited efficacy for metastatic gastric cancer, with an overall survival of approximately ten months. Recent advances in high-throughput technologies have enabled the implementation of personalized cancer therapy for high-risk patients. The use of such high-throughput technologies, including microarray and next generation sequencing, have promoted the discovery of novel targets that offer new treatment strategies for patients lacking other therapeutic options. Many molecular pathways are currently under investigation as therapeutic targets in gastric cancer, including those related to the epidermal growth factor receptor family, the mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor axis, and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin factors. Advances in molecular diagnostic tools further support the discovery of new molecular targets. Limitations exist, however; not all patients can be tested for biomarkers, and numerous challenges hamper implementation of targeted therapy in clinical settings. Indeed, the scale of tumor genomic profiling is rapidly outpacing our ability to appropriately synthesize all the information in order to optimally refine patient care. Therefore, clinicians must continue to educate themselves regarding new tools and frameworks, and to utilize multidisciplinary team science, comprised of oncologists, geneticists, pathologists, biologists and bioinformaticians, to successfully implement this genomic approach therapeutically.
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Koizumi W, Kim YH, Fujii M, Kim HK, Imamura H, Lee KH, Hara T, Chung HC, Satoh T, Cho JY, Hosaka H, Tsuji A, Takagane A, Inokuchi M, Tanabe K, Okuno T, Ogura M, Yoshida K, Takeuchi M, Nakajima T. Addition of docetaxel to S-1 without platinum prolongs survival of patients with advanced gastric cancer: a randomized study (START). J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2013. [PMID: 24366758 DOI: 10.1007/s00432- 013-1563-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil has been globally accepted as a standard regimen for the treatment for advanced gastric cancer. However, cisplatin has several disadvantages, including renal toxicity and the need for admission. S-1 plus cisplatin has become a standard treatment for advanced gastric cancer in East Asia. This phase III study was designed to evaluate the potential benefits of adding docetaxel to S-1 without a platinum compound in patients with advanced gastric cancer. METHODS Patients were randomly assigned to receive docetaxel plus S-1 or S-1 alone. The docetaxel plus S-1 group received docetaxel on day 1 and oral S-1 on days 1-14 of a 21-day cycle. The S-1 alone group received oral S-1 on days 1-28 of a 42-day cycle. The primary end point was overall survival. RESULTS Of the 639 patients enrolled, 635 were eligible for analysis. The median overall survival was 12.5 months in the docetaxel plus S-1 group and 10.8 months in the S-1 alone group (p = 0.032). The median progression-free survival was 5.3 months in the docetaxel plus S-1 group and 4.2 months in the S-1 alone group (p = 0.001). As for adverse events, neutropenia was more frequent in the docetaxel plus S-1 group, but remained manageable. CONCLUSION As first-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer, docetaxel plus S-1 significantly improves median overall and progression-free survival as compared with S-1 alone. (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT00287768).
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Lim JY, Yoon SO, Seol SY, Hong SW, Kim JW, Choi SH, Lee JS, Cho JY. Overexpression of miR-196b and HOXA10 characterize a poor-prognosis gastric cancer subtype. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:7078-7088. [PMID: 24222951 PMCID: PMC3819543 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i41.7078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To identify molecular biologic differences between two gastric adenocarcinoma subgroups presenting different prognoses through the analysis of microRNA and protein expression.
METHODS: Array technologies were used to generate 1146 microRNAs and 124 proteins expression profiles of samples from 60 patients with gastric cancer. For the integrative analysis, we used established mRNA expression data published in our previous study. Whole mRNA expression levels were acquired from microarray data for 60 identical gastric cancer patients. Two gastric adenocarcinoma subgroups with distinct mRNA expression profiles presented distinctly different prognoses. MicroRNA and protein expression patterns were compared between gastric cancer tissue and normal gastric tissue and between two different prognostic groups. Aberrantly expressed microRNA, associated mRNA, and protein in patients with poor-prognosis gastric cancer were validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunochemistry in independent patients.
RESULTS: We obtained the expression data of 1146 microRNAs and 124 cancer-related proteins. Four microRNAs were aberrantly expressed in the two prognostic groups and in cancer vs non-cancer tissues (P < 0.05). In the poor-prognosis group, miR-196b, miR-135b, and miR-93 were up-regulated and miR-29c* was down-regulated. miR-196b expression positively correlated with Homeobox A10 (HOXA10) expression (r = 0.726, P < 0.001), which was significantly increased in poor-prognosis patients (P < 0.001). Comparing gastric cancer with non-cancer tissues, 46/124 proteins showed differential expression (P < 0.05); COX2 (P < 0.001) and cyclin B1 (P = 0.017) were clearly over-expressed in the poor-prognosis group.
CONCLUSION: Co-activation of miR-196b and HOXA10 characterized a poor-prognosis subgroup of patients with gastric cancer. Elucidation of the biologic function of miR-196b and HOXA10 is warranted.
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