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Cho MJ, Kim YJ, Kim MJ, Kim YS, Park E, Choi KH, Kang JY, Kim HO, Koong MK, Kim YS, Yoon TK, Ko JJ, Lee JH. P–205 Epothilone D as an actin cytoskeleton stabilizer improved mitochondria bioenergenesis and blastocyst formation of mouse preimplantation embryo. Hum Reprod 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab130.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
What is primary factor of bioenergetics product activity between microtubule instability and the functional activity of mitochondria in embryo?
Summary answer
The actin cytoskeleton instability is presumably the primary cause for the bioenergenesis of mitochondrial function to the preimplantation embryo development.
What is known already
Mitochondria are cellular organelles dynamically moving and morphological changes. It provides for homeostatic energy to the cell. The dynamic property of the mitochondria is associated with the microtubule network in the cell. However, the stability of the microtubule was clearly identified for preimplantation embryo development.
Study design, size, duration
This study is designed to assess the ATP productivity of the mitochondria, and specifically to observe what its primary factor is in terms of providing microtubule stability in mammalian cells. Additionally, we investigated the relationship between blastocyst formation and actin cytoskeleton stabilization by EpD with 2-cell mice.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
We prepared the microtubule stability regulation model with the HEK293 cell line by using the microtubule stabilizer as an Epothilone D (EpD). Then we analyzed the metabolic activity of the cells through oxidative phosphorylation (OXP) ratios analysis. Also, we performed confocal live imaging to observe mitochondria morphology depending on the cells’ microtubule. Next, we treated EpD to 2-cell culture media for the analysis of blastocyst development ratios.
Main results and the role of chance
EpD significantly increased fusion form. Also, EpD enhance bioenergy ratios like OXP in the mitochondria and functional activity related marker, like mTOR compared with the control. These results suggest that microtubule stabilization enhances mitochondrial metabolism by increasing oxygen consumption. Also, EpD in 2-cell culture media led to a significant increase in the speed of development and 50% higher hatched out blastocyst formation ratios compared to the control group.
Limitations, reasons for caution
This study had limited animal experiments. For the next study, we are planning with an aim to improve the quality and development ratios of human embryos by EpD.
Wider implications of the findings: Microtubule stabilizer has a possibility to recover the mitochondria’s functional activity in the preimplantation embryo development. Mitochondrial functional activity along the actin cytoskeleton may play a pivotal role in determining the embryo quality and development ratios for archive pregnancy.
Trial registration number
non-clinical trials
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77
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Park EA, Kang KY, Lee JH, Lee JY, Kim HS, Choi HS, Song GY, Moon EH, Shiin MY, Hur YJ, Yu EJ, Kim R, Koong MK, Lee KA, Kim MJ. P–153 Comparison outcome of vitrified human embryos stored in vapor phase liquid nitrogen (LN2) and direct LN2. Hum Reprod 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab130.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Is vapor cryopreserved LN2 storage beneficial for clinical outcomes of vitrified human embryos that are frozen compared to vitrified human embryos having direct contact with LN2.
Summary answer
There are no significant differences compared to clinical outcomes of human embryos stored in LN2 vapor and direct store in LN2.
What is known already
There has been concerned about potential cross-contamination and biohazard issues of embryos for long term storage using direct LN2. This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes of human embryos transfer between vapor phase and liquid LN2.
Study design, size, duration
The embryo has undergone vitrification for long term storage with vapor or direct contact in LN2. After the thawing of the embryo, we checked on the survival rates. We transferred only one or two embryos per patient and kept analyzing the implantation and pregnancy rates
Participants/materials, setting, methods
This retrospective study was carried out from January 2018 to December 2019 with 3272cycles 4713embryos; vitrified for long term storage in vapor phase or direct contact with LN2. We compared the clinical outcomes of frozen embryo transfer cycles using vitrified for long term storage in vapor phase and direct contact with LN2. Clinical outcomes monitored were embryo survival, subsequent implantation and pregnancy after single or double embryo transfer
Main results and the role of chance
A total of 4713 fertilized human embryos are vitrified and then stored in LN2 vapor (n = 2520 cycles) or direct contact LN2 (n = 752 cycles). The study showed that the blastocyst stored in vapor able to retain full development. Survival was 97.8% (vapor) and 97.6% (direct contact LN2), and the vapor storage of human embryos had no significant difference in survival rates after a long term storage. For single blastocyst transfer, pregnancy and implantation rates were 51.5%, 52.4% in vapor, 54.6%, 54.9% in direct LN2; respectively (p=NS). In double blastocyst transfer, the pregnancy and implantation rates were 61.8%, 42.0% in vapor and 64.7%, 44.5% in direct LN2; respectively (p=NS). There were also no significant differences between two groups.
Limitations, reasons for caution
The study showed that the blastocyst stored in vapor can retain full development. A vapor storage system thus is safe and effective for long term vapor storage of vitrified human embryos.Within the limits of this study, there was no detection of an adverse effect of vapor storage.
Wider implications of the findings: Vapor storage systems thus represent a useful alternative for safe and effective long-term storage of vitrified human embryos that can avoid cross contamination chances from having direct contact with LN2.
Trial registration number
Not applicable
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78
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Choi KH, Kim YJ, Kang KY, Park EA, Kim YS, Kim MJ, Kim HO, Koong MK, Kim YS, Yoon TK, Ko JJ, Lee JH. P–657 Prostaglandin D2 is correlated with follicles development and a reliable marker of ovarian reserve of poor ovarian responder patients. Hum Reprod 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab130.656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Is the prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) associated with growing follicles and ovarian reserve of poor ovarian responders?
Summary answer
PGD2 is correlated with ovarian stimulation activity and follicle growth. Especially, poor ovarian responders show a significant decrease in the level of follicular fluid.
What is known already
Prostaglandins (PGs) are involved in the female reproductive process, mainly ovulation, fertilization, and implantation.
Study design, size, duration
We investigated the PGD2 level in the follicular fluid of poor ovarian responders. The collection of human follicular fluid was approved by the Institutional Research and Ethical Committees of CHA University (approval number: 1044308–201611-BR–027–04) from January to December 2019. Follicular fluid was collected from patients with normal ovarian response and patients with POR.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
We studied whether prostaglandin has related to POR in the clinical key factor by measuring human follicular fluid. Follicular fluid was collected from patients with normal ovarian response and patients with POR. The concentration of PGD2 in follicular fluid was determined with ELISA kits following the manufacturer’s protocol.
Main results and the role of chance
We analyzed the level of PGD2 in the follicular fluid of patients with normal ovarian response and patients with POR using an ELISA. The PGD2 concentration was significantly lower in the follicular fluid of patients with POR than in the follicular fluid of young and old patients with normal ovarian response.
Limitations, reasons for caution
This study has an identification of biomarker of the clinical samples as POR criteria patients. Therefore, further investigations aimed at specific recovery of low PGD2 metabolic activity in the CCs during control ovarian stimulation.
Wider implications of the findings: Until now there is no specific biomarker of POR. AMH is just an ovary reserve marker for an indication of ovary function. PGD2 is one of the metabolites in steroid metabolism in the ovary. Therefore, we can find some cure through further study for improved PGD2 production to POR patients.
Trial registration number
none
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79
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Kim YJ, Choi KH, Kang KY, Park EA, Kim YS, Kim MJ, Kim HO, Koong MK, Kim YS, Yoon TK, Ko JJ, Lee JH. P–658 Lovastatin promotes the expression of LDL receptor and enhances E2 production in the cumulus cells. Hum Reprod 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab130.657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Lovastatin enhanced E2 productive ratios in the cumulus cells through promoted expression of Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR).
Summary answer
Lovastatin up-regulated gene expression of LDLR in the CCs. And the high expression of LDLR promoted E2 productive ratios from CCs.
What is known already
We already reported that the up-regulation of LDLR correlated with clinical pregnancy. Therefore, we found lovastatin as an up-regulator of LDLR expression of clinical pregnancy.
Study design, size, duration
This is an expended study of LDLR to enhance steroidogenesis regarding the effect of lovastatin in the CCs. The collection of human cumulus cells was approved by the Institutional Research and Ethical Committees of CHA University (approval number: 1044308–201611-BR–027–04) from January to December 2019. The CCs were collected from 12 patients with normal ovarian response after oocyte denudation for ICSI.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
We studied whether lovastatin has up-regulated LDLR expression in human CCs. Cumulus cells were collected from patients with young (∼ 36) and old aged patients (37 ∼). After culturing human CCs, they were treated lovastatin for one day. The concentration of E2 in culture medium was measured using Chemiluminescence immunoassay. The mRNA isolated from CCs was analyzed gene expression level through real time-PCR.
Main results and the role of chance
The concentration of E2 was significantly increased in the culture medium treated with lovastatin. The CCs treated with lovastatin increased the expression of LDLR and StAR which are components of the steroidogenesis pathway.
Limitations, reasons for caution
We have found that the role of lovastatin promotes the E2 production by increasing the ldlr gene of CCs. Therefore, further investigations aimed at lovastatin effect on human oocytes embryo whether enhanced quality of oocytes or not.
Wider implications of the findings: Previous data show that high activation of LDLR and StAR was associated with embryo quality and clinical pregnancy in infertile women. Our data suggest that lovastatin is stimulated LDLR expression to enhanced pregnancy ratios of IVF patients.
Trial registration number
none
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80
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Adam J, Adamczyk L, Adams JR, Adkins JK, Agakishiev G, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Alekseev I, Anderson DM, Aparin A, Aschenauer EC, Ashraf MU, Atetalla FG, Attri A, Averichev GS, Bairathi V, Barish K, Behera A, Bellwied R, Bhasin A, Bielcik J, Bielcikova J, Bland LC, Bordyuzhin IG, Brandenburg JD, Brandin AV, Butterworth J, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Cebra D, Chakaberia I, Chaloupka P, Chan BK, Chang FH, Chang Z, Chankova-Bunzarova N, Chatterjee A, Chen D, Chen JH, Chen X, Chen Z, Cheng J, Cherney M, Chevalier M, Choudhury S, Christie W, Crawford HJ, Csanád M, Daugherity M, Dedovich TG, Deppner IM, Derevschikov AA, Didenko L, Dong X, Drachenberg JL, Dunlop JC, Edmonds T, Elsey N, Engelage J, Eppley G, Esha R, Esumi S, Evdokimov O, Ewigleben A, Eyser O, Fatemi R, Fazio S, Federic P, Fedorisin J, Feng CJ, Feng Y, Filip P, Finch E, Fisyak Y, Francisco A, Fulek L, Gagliardi CA, Galatyuk T, Geurts F, Gibson A, Gopal K, Grosnick D, Hamad AI, Hamed A, Harris JW, He S, He W, He X, Heppelmann S, Heppelmann S, Herrmann N, Hoffman E, Holub L, Hong Y, Horvat S, Hu Y, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Huang T, Huang X, Humanic TJ, Huo P, Igo G, Isenhower D, Jacobs WW, Jena C, Jentsch A, Ji Y, Jia J, Jiang K, Jowzaee S, Ju X, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kabir ML, Kagamaster S, Kalinkin D, Kang K, Kapukchyan D, Kauder K, Ke HW, Keane D, Kechechyan A, Kelsey M, Khyzhniak YV, Kikoła DP, Kim C, Kimelman B, Kincses D, Kinghorn TA, Kisel I, Kiselev A, Kisiel A, Klein SR, Kocan M, Kochenda L, Kosarzewski LK, Kramarik L, Kravtsov P, Krueger K, Kulathunga Mudiyanselage N, Kumar L, Kunnawalkam Elayavalli R, Kwasizur JH, Lacey R, Lan S, Landgraf JM, Lauret J, Lebedev A, Lednicky R, Lee JH, Leung YH, Li C, Li W, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Liang Y, Licenik R, Lin T, Lin Y, Lisa MA, Liu F, Liu H, Liu P, Liu P, Liu T, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Longacre RS, Lukow NS, Luo S, Luo X, Ma GL, Ma L, Ma R, Ma YG, Magdy N, Majka R, Mallick D, Margetis S, Markert C, Matis HS, Mazer JA, Minaev NG, Mioduszewski S, Mohanty B, Mooney I, Moravcova Z, Morozov DA, Nagy M, Nam JD, Nasim M, Nayak K, Neff D, Nelson JM, Nemes DB, Nie M, Nigmatkulov G, Niida T, Nogach LV, Nonaka T, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Oh S, Okorokov VA, Page BS, Pak R, Pandav A, Panebratsev Y, Pawlik B, Pawlowska D, Pei H, Perkins C, Pinsky L, Pintér RL, Pluta J, Porter J, Posik M, Pruthi NK, Przybycien M, Putschke J, Qiu H, Quintero A, Radhakrishnan SK, Ramachandran S, Ray RL, Reed R, Ritter HG, Roberts JB, Rogachevskiy OV, Romero JL, Ruan L, Rusnak J, Sahoo NR, Sako H, Salur S, Sandweiss J, Sato S, Schmidke WB, Schmitz N, Schweid BR, Seck F, Seger J, Sergeeva M, Seto R, Seyboth P, Shah N, Shahaliev E, Shanmuganathan PV, Shao M, Shen F, Shen WQ, Shi SS, Shou QY, Sichtermann EP, Sikora R, Simko M, Singh J, Singha S, Smirnov N, Solyst W, Sorensen P, Spinka HM, Srivastava B, Stanislaus TDS, Stefaniak M, Stewart DJ, Strikhanov M, Stringfellow B, Suaide AAP, Sumbera M, Summa B, Sun XM, Sun Y, Sun Y, Surrow B, Svirida DN, Szymanski P, Tang AH, Tang Z, Taranenko A, Tarnowsky T, Thomas JH, Timmins AR, Tlusty D, Tokarev M, Tomkiel CA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Tribedy P, Tripathy SK, Tsai OD, Tu Z, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Upsal I, Van Buren G, Vanek J, Vasiliev AN, Vassiliev I, Videbæk F, Vokal S, Voloshin SA, Wang F, Wang G, Wang JS, Wang P, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Webb JC, Weidenkaff PC, Wen L, Westfall GD, Wieman H, Wissink SW, Witt R, Wu Y, Xiao ZG, Xie G, Xie W, Xu H, Xu N, Xu QH, Xu YF, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yang C, Yang Q, Yang S, Yang Y, Yang Z, Ye Z, Ye Z, Yi L, Yip K, Zbroszczyk H, Zha W, Zhang D, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhang XP, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Zhong C, Zhou C, Zhu X, Zhu Z, Zurek M, Zyzak M. Measurement of e^{+}e^{-} Momentum and Angular Distributions from Linearly Polarized Photon Collisions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:052302. [PMID: 34397228 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.052302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Breit-Wheeler process which produces matter and antimatter from photon collisions is experimentally investigated through the observation of 6085 exclusive electron-positron pairs in ultraperipheral Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV. The measurements reveal a large fourth-order angular modulation of cos4Δϕ=(16.8±2.5)% and smooth invariant mass distribution absent of vector mesons (ϕ, ω, and ρ) at the experimental limit of ≤0.2% of the observed yields. The differential cross section as a function of e^{+}e^{-} pair transverse momentum P_{⊥} peaks at low value with sqrt[⟨P_{⊥}^{2}⟩]=38.1±0.9 MeV and displays a significant centrality dependence. These features are consistent with QED calculations for the collision of linearly polarized photons quantized from the extremely strong electromagnetic fields generated by the highly charged Au nuclei at ultrarelativistic speed. The experimental results have implications for vacuum birefringence and for mapping the magnetic field which is important for emergent QCD phenomena.
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81
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Lee JH, Nam SO, Kim EK, Shin JH, Oh SH, Ryu D, Lee HE, Mun JY. Autophagic defects observed in fibroblasts from a patient with β-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:3866-3871. [PMID: 34325486 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN) is associated with mutations in the autophagy gene WDR45. The aim of this study was to demonstrate autophagic defects in a patient with BPAN. We assayed autophagic markers using western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry and applied transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to visualize the autophagic structures in fibroblasts from a 7-year-old Korean female with WDR45 splice-site mutation (c.977-1G>A; NM_007075.3). The protein and mRNA expression levels of WDR45 gene were decreased in the patient-derived fibroblasts. The amount of increase in LC3-II upon treatment with an autophagy inducer and inhibitor was reduced in mutant cells compared to control cells, suggesting decreased autophagic flux. TEM showed the accumulation of large vacuoles in mutant cells with a decrease of autophagosomes. Our study demonstrated that the WDR45 mutation in this patient impaired autophagy and provided additional insight into ultrastructural changes of autophagic structures.
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82
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Lee JH, Kim J, Hwang JS, Baek GH. Improvement in lunate perfusion after radial closing-wedge osteotomy in patients with Kienböck's disease. HAND SURGERY & REHABILITATION 2021; 40:588-594. [PMID: 34147670 DOI: 10.1016/j.hansur.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Radial closing-wedge osteotomy is a widely accepted treatment for Kienböck's disease. However, despite favorable long-term clinical outcomes, its impact on lunate perfusion has not been documented. The purpose of this study was to determine whether radial closing wedge osteotomy improved lunate perfusion on gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We conducted a retrospective review of 12 patients with Kienböck's disease who received radial closing wedge osteotomy. Mean age at surgery was 25 years. Preoperative Gd-enhanced MRI was performed in 7 patients. After bone union, implants were removed and MRI was repeated. Two patients were classified as Lichtman stage IIIA, and 5 as stage IIIB. Percentage pre- to post-operative perfused lunate volume was compared on MRI. At last follow-up, mean QuickDASH score improved from 43.7 to 6.2. Pre- to post-operative lunate fragmentation, collapse and perfusion were compared qualitatively on MRI. On quantitative analysis, perfusion increased from 24% to 54% (p = 0.018) using our method of measuring percentage perfused lunate volume. The method showed satisfactory reproducibility. Investigation using Gd-enhanced MRI suggested that radial closing wedge osteotomy increases lunate perfusion.
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83
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Jung NY, Kim ES, Kim HS, Jeon S, Lee MJ, Pak K, Lee JH, Lee YM, Lee K, Shin JH, Ko JK, Lee JM, Yoon JA, Hwang C, Choi KU, Lee EC, Seong JK, Huh GY, Kim DS, Kim EJ. Comparison of Diagnostic Performances Between Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers and Amyloid PET in a Clinical Setting. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 74:473-490. [PMID: 32039853 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The diagnostic performances of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) were compared by examining the association and concordance or discordance between CSF Aβ1-42 and amyloid PET, after determining our own cut-off values for CSF Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers. Furthermore, we evaluated the ability of CSF biomarkers and amyloid PET to predict clinical progression. CSF Aβ1-42, t-tau, and p-tau levels were analyzed in 203 individuals [27 normal controls, 38 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 62 AD dementia, and 76 patients with other neurodegenerative diseases] consecutively recruited from two dementia clinics. We used both visual and standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR)-based amyloid PET assessments for analyses. The association of CSF biomarkers with amyloid PET SUVR, hippocampal atrophy, and cognitive function were investigated by linear regression analysis, and the risk of conversion from MCI to AD dementia was assessed using a Cox proportional hazards model. CSF p-tau/Aβ1-42 and t-tau/Aβ1-42 exhibited the best diagnostic accuracies among the CSF AD biomarkers examined. Correlations were observed between CSF biomarkers and global SUVR, hippocampal volume, and cognitive function. Overall concordance and discordance between CSF Aβ1-42 and amyloid PET was 77% and 23%, respectively. Baseline positive CSF Aβ1-42 for MCI demonstrated a 5.6-fold greater conversion risk than negative CSF Aβ1-42 . However, amyloid PET findings failed to exhibit significant prognostic value. Therefore, despite presence of a significant correlation between the CSF Aβ1-42 level and SUVR of amyloid PET, and a relevant concordance between CSF Aβ1-42 and amyloid PET, baseline CSF Aβ1-42 better predicted AD conversion.
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84
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Rho JH, Kim HJ, Joo JY, Lee JY, Lee JH, Park HR. Periodontal Pathogens Promote Foam Cell Formation by Blocking Lipid Efflux. J Dent Res 2021; 100:1367-1377. [PMID: 33899578 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211008811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Foam cells are one of the major cellular components of atherosclerotic plaques, within which the trace of periodontal pathogens has also been identified in recent studies. In line with these findings, the correlation between periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular incidences has been repetitively supported by evidence from a number of experimental studies. However, the direct role of periodontal pathogens in altered cellular signaling underlying such cardiovascular events has not been clearly defined. To determine the role of periodontal pathogens in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, especially in the evolution of macrophages into foam cells, we monitored the pattern of lipid accumulation within macrophages in the presence of periodontal pathogens, followed by characterization of these lipids and investigation of major molecules involved in lipid homeostasis. The cells were stained with the lipophilic fluorescent dye BODIPY 493/503 and Oil Red O to characterize the lipid profile. The amounts of Oil Red O-positive droplets, representing neutral lipids, as well as fluorescent lipid aggregates were prominently increased in periodontal pathogen-infected macrophages. Subsequent analysis allowed us to locate the accumulated lipids in the endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, the levels of cholesteryl ester in periodontal pathogen-infected macrophages were increased, implying disrupted lipid homeostasis. Further investigations to delineate the key messengers and regulatory factors involved in the altered lipid homeostasis have revealed alterations in cholesterol efflux-related enzymes, such as ABCG1 and CYP46A1, as contributors to foam cell formation, and increased Ca2+ signaling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as key events underlying disrupted lipid homeostasis. Consistently, a treatment of periodontal pathogen-infected macrophages with ROS inhibitors and nifedipine attenuated the accumulation of lipid droplets, further confirming periodontal pathogen-induced alterations in Ca2+ and ROS signaling and the subsequent dysregulation of lipid homeostasis as key regulatory events underlying the evolution of macrophages into foam cells.
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Adam J, Adamczyk L, Adams JR, Adkins JK, Agakishiev G, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Alekseev I, Anderson DM, Aparin A, Aschenauer EC, Ashraf MU, Atetalla FG, Attri A, Averichev GS, Bairathi V, Barish K, Behera A, Bellwied R, Bhasin A, Bielcik J, Bielcikova J, Bland LC, Bordyuzhin IG, Brandenburg JD, Brandin AV, Butterworth J, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Cebra D, Chakaberia I, Chaloupka P, Chan BK, Chang FH, Chang Z, Chankova-Bunzarova N, Chatterjee A, Chen D, Chen J, Chen JH, Chen X, Chen Z, Cheng J, Cherney M, Chevalier M, Choudhury S, Christie W, Chu X, Crawford HJ, Csanád M, Daugherity M, Dedovich TG, Deppner IM, Derevschikov AA, Didenko L, Dong X, Drachenberg JL, Dunlop JC, Edmonds T, Elsey N, Engelage J, Eppley G, Esumi S, Evdokimov O, Ewigleben A, Eyser O, Fatemi R, Fazio S, Federic P, Fedorisin J, Feng CJ, Feng Y, Filip P, Finch E, Fisyak Y, Francisco A, Fulek L, Gagliardi CA, Galatyuk T, Geurts F, Ghimire N, Gibson A, Gopal K, Gou X, Grosnick D, Guryn W, Hamad AI, Hamed A, Harabasz S, Harris JW, He S, He W, He XH, He Y, Heppelmann S, Heppelmann S, Herrmann N, Hoffman E, Holub L, Hong Y, Horvat S, Hu Y, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Huang T, Huang X, Humanic TJ, Huo P, Igo G, Isenhower D, Jacobs WW, Jena C, Jentsch A, Ji Y, Jia J, Jiang K, Jowzaee S, Ju X, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kabir ML, Kagamaster S, Kalinkin D, Kang K, Kapukchyan D, Kauder K, Ke HW, Keane D, Kechechyan A, Kelsey M, Khyzhniak YV, Kikoła DP, Kim C, Kimelman B, Kincses D, Kinghorn TA, Kisel I, Kiselev A, Kocan M, Kochenda L, Kosarzewski LK, Kramarik L, Kravtsov P, Krueger K, Kulathunga Mudiyanselage N, Kumar L, Kumar S, Kunnawalkam Elayavalli R, Kwasizur JH, Lacey R, Lan S, Landgraf JM, Lauret J, Lebedev A, Lednicky R, Lee JH, Leung YH, Li C, Li C, Li W, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Liang Y, Licenik R, Lin T, Lin Y, Lisa MA, Liu F, Liu H, Liu P, Liu P, Liu T, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Longacre RS, Lukow NS, Luo S, Luo X, Ma GL, Ma L, Ma R, Ma YG, Magdy N, Majka R, Mallick D, Margetis S, Markert C, Matis HS, Mazer JA, Minaev NG, Mioduszewski S, Mohanty B, Mooney I, Moravcova Z, Morozov DA, Nagy M, Nam JD, Nasim M, Nayak K, Neff D, Nelson JM, Nemes DB, Nie M, Nigmatkulov G, Niida T, Nogach LV, Nonaka T, Nunes AS, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Oh S, Okorokov VA, Page BS, Pak R, Pandav A, Panebratsev Y, Pawlik B, Pawlowska D, Pei H, Perkins C, Pinsky L, Pintér RL, Pluta J, Pokhrel BR, Porter J, Posik M, Pruthi NK, Przybycien M, Putschke J, Qiu H, Quintero A, Radhakrishnan SK, Ramachandran S, Ray RL, Reed R, Ritter HG, Rogachevskiy OV, Romero JL, Ruan L, Rusnak J, Sahoo NR, Sako H, Salur S, Sandweiss J, Sato S, Schmidke WB, Schmitz N, Schweid BR, Seck F, Seger J, Sergeeva M, Seto R, Seyboth P, Shah N, Shahaliev E, Shanmuganathan PV, Shao M, Sheikh AI, Shen WQ, Shi SS, Shi Y, Shou QY, Sichtermann EP, Sikora R, Simko M, Singh J, Singha S, Smirnov N, Solyst W, Sorensen P, Spinka HM, Srivastava B, Stanislaus TDS, Stefaniak M, Stewart DJ, Strikhanov M, Stringfellow B, Suaide AAP, Sumbera M, Summa B, Sun XM, Sun X, Sun Y, Sun Y, Surrow B, Svirida DN, Szymanski P, Tang AH, Tang Z, Taranenko A, Tarnowsky T, Thomas JH, Timmins AR, Tlusty D, Tokarev M, Tomkiel CA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Tribedy P, Tripathy SK, Tsai OD, Tu Z, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Upsal I, Van Buren G, Vanek J, Vasiliev AN, Vassiliev I, Videbæk F, Vokal S, Voloshin SA, Wang F, Wang G, Wang JS, Wang P, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Webb JC, Weidenkaff PC, Wen L, Westfall GD, Wieman H, Wissink SW, Witt R, Wu Y, Xiao ZG, Xie G, Xie W, Xu H, Xu N, Xu QH, Xu YF, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yang C, Yang Q, Yang S, Yang Y, Yang Z, Ye Z, Ye Z, Yi L, Yip K, Yu Y, Zbroszczyk H, Zha W, Zhang C, Zhang D, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhang XP, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Zhong C, Zhou C, Zhu X, Zhu Z, Zurek M, Zyzak M. Global Polarization of Ξ and Ω Hyperons in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:162301. [PMID: 33961449 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.162301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global polarization of Ξ and Ω hyperons has been measured for the first time in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV. The measurements of the Ξ^{-} and Ξ[over ¯]^{+} hyperon polarization have been performed by two independent methods, via analysis of the angular distribution of the daughter particles in the parity violating weak decay Ξ→Λ+π, as well as by measuring the polarization of the daughter Λ hyperon, polarized via polarization transfer from its parent. The polarization, obtained by combining the results from the two methods and averaged over Ξ^{-} and Ξ[over ¯]^{+}, is measured to be ⟨P_{Ξ}⟩=0.47±0.10(stat)±0.23(syst)% for the collision centrality 20%-80%. The ⟨P_{Ξ}⟩ is found to be slightly larger than the inclusive Λ polarization and in reasonable agreement with a multiphase transport model. The ⟨P_{Ξ}⟩ is found to follow the centrality dependence of the vorticity predicted in the model, increasing toward more peripheral collisions. The global polarization of Ω, ⟨P_{Ω}⟩=1.11±0.87(stat)±1.97(syst)% was obtained by measuring the polarization of daughter Λ in the decay Ω→Λ+K, assuming the polarization transfer factor C_{ΩΛ}=1.
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Hong TH, Lee JH, Seo CH, Kim KH, Kim HY. Vibration reduction during milling of highly flexible workpieces using active workpiece holder system. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:045105. [PMID: 34243429 DOI: 10.1063/5.0046394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The milling of highly flexible workpieces, such as thin-walled structures used in turbine blades, aerospace equipment, and jet engine compressors, requires vibration compensation to improve the quality of the workpiece surface. Vibration can be reduced by selecting appropriate cutting parameters. However, this approach reduces system productivity. This paper presents an active workpiece holder that controls the vibration of general computer numerical control machine tools. The proposed holder, which comprises a flexible guide mechanism, driver, and sensor, measures vibration and actively controls it using piezoactuators. A high-rigidity flexure mechanism was designed for the holder, and finite element method simulation and modal analysis were performed. Finally, the proposed system was fabricated, and experimental verification indicated that the system reduced vibration. The surface quality obtained using the controlled system was ∼50% better than that obtained using the uncontrolled system.
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Yoo JW, Kim J, Lee MW, Kang J, Ko WH, Oh SG, Ko J, Lee JH, Nam YU, Jung L, Park BH, Yoon SW. Fast-ion D α spectroscopy diagnostic at KSTAR. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:043504. [PMID: 34243446 DOI: 10.1063/5.0040559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A fast-ion Dα (FIDA) diagnostics system was installed for core and edge measurements on KSTAR. This system has two tangential FIDA arrays that cover both blue- and redshifted Dα lines (cold: 656.09 nm) in active views along the neutral beam 1 A centerline. The spectral band is 647-662.5 nm, and it covers the Doppler shift of the emission from the maximum energy of the neutral beam (100 keV). A curved filter strip with a motorized stage adequately prevents saturation of the electron multiplying charge-coupled device signal by the cold Dα line from the plasma edge. From comparisons of the measured spectra and FIDASIM modeling code, the FIDA spectra are well matched quantitatively. Moreover, the first measurements show that the FIDA radiance agrees with the neutron rate in the time trace during external heating and perturbation. In addition, responses are observed in the core FIDA radiance during the edge-localized mode cycle.
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Yoo DS, Lee JH, Kim SC, Kim JH. Mortality and clinical response of patients with bullous pemphigoid treated with rituximab. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:210-212. [PMID: 33657641 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Adam J, Adamczyk L, Adams JR, Adkins JK, Agakishiev G, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Alekseev I, Anderson DM, Aparin A, Aschenauer EC, Ashraf MU, Atetalla FG, Attri A, Averichev GS, Bairathi V, Barish K, Behera A, Bellwied R, Bhasin A, Bielcik J, Bielcikova J, Bland LC, Bordyuzhin IG, Brandenburg JD, Brandin AV, Butterworth J, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Cebra D, Chakaberia I, Chaloupka P, Chan BK, Chang FH, Chang Z, Chankova-Bunzarova N, Chatterjee A, Chen D, Chen J, Chen JH, Chen X, Chen Z, Cheng J, Cherney M, Chevalier M, Choudhury S, Christie W, Chu X, Crawford HJ, Csanád M, Daugherity M, Dedovich TG, Deppner IM, Derevschikov AA, Didenko L, Dong X, Drachenberg JL, Dunlop JC, Edmonds T, Elsey N, Engelage J, Eppley G, Esumi S, Evdokimov O, Ewigleben A, Eyser O, Fatemi R, Fazio S, Federic P, Fedorisin J, Feng CJ, Feng Y, Filip P, Finch E, Fisyak Y, Francisco A, Fulek L, Gagliardi CA, Galatyuk T, Geurts F, Gibson A, Gopal K, Gou X, Grosnick D, Guryn W, Hamad AI, Hamed A, Harabasz S, Harris JW, He S, He W, He XH, He Y, Heppelmann S, Heppelmann S, Herrmann N, Hoffman E, Holub L, Hong Y, Horvat S, Hu Y, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Huang T, Huang X, Humanic TJ, Huo P, Igo G, Isenhower D, Jacobs WW, Jena C, Jentsch A, Ji Y, Jia J, Jiang K, Jowzaee S, Ju X, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kabir ML, Kagamaster S, Kalinkin D, Kang K, Kapukchyan D, Kauder K, Ke HW, Keane D, Kechechyan A, Kelsey M, Khyzhniak YV, Kikoła DP, Kim C, Kimelman B, Kincses D, Kinghorn TA, Kisel I, Kiselev A, Kocan M, Kochenda L, Kosarzewski LK, Kramarik L, Kravtsov P, Krueger K, Kulathunga Mudiyanselage N, Kumar L, Kumar S, Kunnawalkam Elayavalli R, Kwasizur JH, Lacey R, Lan S, Landgraf JM, Lauret J, Lebedev A, Lednicky R, Lee JH, Leung YH, Li C, Li C, Li W, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Liang Y, Licenik R, Lin T, Lin Y, Lisa MA, Liu F, Liu H, Liu P, Liu P, Liu T, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Longacre RS, Lukow NS, Luo S, Luo X, Ma GL, Ma L, Ma R, Ma YG, Magdy N, Majka R, Mallick D, Margetis S, Markert C, Matis HS, Mazer JA, Minaev NG, Mioduszewski S, Mohanty B, Mooney I, Moravcova Z, Morozov DA, Nagy M, Nam JD, Nasim M, Nayak K, Neff D, Nelson JM, Nemes DB, Nie M, Nigmatkulov G, Niida T, Nogach LV, Nonaka T, Nunes AS, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Oh S, Okorokov VA, Page BS, Pak R, Pandav A, Panebratsev Y, Pawlik B, Pawlowska D, Pei H, Perkins C, Pinsky L, Pintér RL, Pluta J, Porter J, Posik M, Pruthi NK, Przybycien M, Putschke J, Qiu H, Quintero A, Radhakrishnan SK, Ramachandran S, Ray RL, Reed R, Ritter HG, Rogachevskiy OV, Romero JL, Ruan L, Rusnak J, Sahoo NR, Sako H, Salur S, Sandweiss J, Sato S, Schmidke WB, Schmitz N, Schweid BR, Seck F, Seger J, Sergeeva M, Seto R, Seyboth P, Shah N, Shahaliev E, Shanmuganathan PV, Shao M, Sheikh AI, Shen WQ, Shi SS, Shi Y, Shou QY, Sichtermann EP, Sikora R, Simko M, Singh J, Singha S, Smirnov N, Solyst W, Sorensen P, Spinka HM, Srivastava B, Stanislaus TDS, Stefaniak M, Stewart DJ, Strikhanov M, Stringfellow B, Suaide AAP, Sumbera M, Summa B, Sun XM, Sun X, Sun Y, Sun Y, Surrow B, Svirida DN, Szymanski P, Tang AH, Tang Z, Taranenko A, Tarnowsky T, Thomas JH, Timmins AR, Tlusty D, Tokarev M, Tomkiel CA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Tribedy P, Tripathy SK, Tsai OD, Tu Z, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Upsal I, Van Buren G, Vanek J, Vasiliev AN, Vassiliev I, Videbæk F, Vokal S, Voloshin SA, Wang F, Wang G, Wang JS, Wang P, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Webb JC, Weidenkaff PC, Wen L, Westfall GD, Wieman H, Wissink SW, Witt R, Wu Y, Xiao ZG, Xie G, Xie W, Xu H, Xu N, Xu QH, Xu YF, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yang C, Yang Q, Yang S, Yang Y, Yang Z, Ye Z, Ye Z, Yi L, Yip K, Yu Y, Zbroszczyk H, Zha W, Zhang C, Zhang D, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhang XP, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Zhong C, Zhou C, Zhu X, Zhu Z, Zurek M, Zyzak M. Nonmonotonic Energy Dependence of Net-Proton Number Fluctuations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:092301. [PMID: 33750161 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.092301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nonmonotonic variation with collision energy (sqrt[s_{NN}]) of the moments of the net-baryon number distribution in heavy-ion collisions, related to the correlation length and the susceptibilities of the system, is suggested as a signature for the quantum chromodynamics critical point. We report the first evidence of a nonmonotonic variation in the kurtosis times variance of the net-proton number (proxy for net-baryon number) distribution as a function of sqrt[s_{NN}] with 3.1 σ significance for head-on (central) gold-on-gold (Au+Au) collisions measured solenoidal tracker at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Data in noncentral Au+Au collisions and models of heavy-ion collisions without a critical point show a monotonic variation as a function of sqrt[s_{NN}].
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Ham YK, Song DH, Hwang YJ, Lee JH, Kim HW. The mineral composition of pork loins from finishing gilt and cull sow: A comparative study. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lee MK, Moon C, Lee MJ, Kwak YG, Lee E, Jeon JH, Park WB, Jung Y, Kim ES, Lee JH, Chun JY, Park SW. Risk factors for the delayed diagnosis of extrapulmonary TB. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2021; 25:191-198. [PMID: 33688807 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.20.0788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) is more difficult to diagnose than pulmonary TB. The delayed management of EPTB can lead to complications and increase the socio-economic burden.METHODS: Patients newly diagnosed with EPTB were retrospectively enrolled from 11 general hospitals in South Korea from January 2017 to December 2018. The basic characteristics of patients were described. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed between early and delayed diagnosis groups to identify risk factors for delayed diagnosis and treatment in EPTB.RESULTS: In total, 594 patients were enrolled. Lymph node TB (28.3%) was the predominant form, followed by abdominal (18.4%) and disseminated TB (14.5%). Concurrent lung involvement was 17.8%. The positivity of diagnostic tests showed no significant difference between the two groups. Acute clinical manifestations in disseminated, pericardial and meningeal TB, and immunosuppression were associated with early diagnosis. Delayed diagnosis was associated with outpatient clinic visits, delayed sample acquisition and diagnostic departments other than infection or pulmonology.CONCLUSION: The delay in diagnosis and treatment of EPTB was not related to differences in microbiological characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis itself; rather, it was due to the indolent clinical manifestations that cause referral to non-TB-specialised departments in the outpatient clinic and delay the suspicion of TB and diagnostic testing.
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Park HK, Lee JH, Lee J, Kim SK. Optimizing machine learning models for granular NdFeB magnets by very fast simulated annealing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3792. [PMID: 33589666 PMCID: PMC7884417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83315-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The macroscopic properties of permanent magnets and the resultant performance required for real implementations are determined by the magnets’ microscopic features. However, earlier micromagnetic simulations and experimental studies required relatively a lot of work to gain any complete and comprehensive understanding of the relationships between magnets’ macroscopic properties and their microstructures. Here, by means of supervised learning, we predict reliable values of coercivity (μ0Hc) and maximum magnetic energy product (BHmax) of granular NdFeB magnets according to their microstructural attributes (e.g. inter-grain decoupling, average grain size, and misalignment of easy axes) based on numerical datasets obtained from micromagnetic simulations. We conducted several tests of a variety of supervised machine learning (ML) models including kernel ridge regression (KRR), support vector regression (SVR), and artificial neural network (ANN) regression. The hyper-parameters of these models were optimized by a very fast simulated annealing (VFSA) algorithm with an adaptive cooling schedule. In our datasets of randomly generated 1,000 polycrystalline NdFeB cuboids with different microstructural attributes, all of the models yielded similar results in predicting both μ0Hc and BHmax. Furthermore, some outliers, which deteriorated the normality of residuals in the prediction of BHmax, were detected and further analyzed. Based on all of our results, we can conclude that our ML approach combined with micromagnetic simulations provides a robust framework for optimal design of microstructures for high-performance NdFeB magnets.
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Lee H, Lee MJ, Kim EJ, Huh GY, Lee JH, Cho H. Iron accumulation in the oculomotor nerve of the progressive supranuclear palsy brain. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2950. [PMID: 33536537 PMCID: PMC7859181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82469-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal iron accumulation around the substantia nigra (SN) is a diagnostic indicator of Parkinsonism. This study aimed to identify iron-related microarchitectural changes around the SN of brains with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) via postmortem validations and in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). 7 T high-resolution MRI was applied to two postmortem brain tissues, from one normal brain and one PSP brain. Histopathological examinations were performed to demonstrate the molecular origin of the high-resolution postmortem MRI findings, by using ferric iron staining, myelin staining, and two-dimensional laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) imaging. In vivo iron-related MRI was performed on five healthy controls, five patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), and five patients with PSP. In the postmortem examination, excessive iron deposition along the myelinated fiber at the anterior SN and third cranial nerve (oculomotor nerve) fascicles of the PSP brain was verified by LA-ICP-MS. This region corresponded to those with high R2* values and positive susceptibility from quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), but was less sensitive in Perls’ Prussian blue staining. In in vivo susceptibility-weighted imaging, hypointense pixels were observed in the region between the SN and red nucleus (RN) in patients with PSP, but not in healthy controls and patients with PD. R2* and QSM values of such region were significantly higher in patients with PSP compared to those in healthy controls and patients with PD as well (vs. healthy control: p = 0.008; vs. PD: p = 0.008). Thus, excessive iron accumulation along the myelinated fibers at the anterior SN and oculomotor nerve fascicles may be a pathological characteristic and crucial MR biomarker in a brain with PSP.
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Jiralerspong T, Bae G, Lee JH, Kim SK. Wireless Control of Two- and Three-Dimensional Actuations of Kirigami Patterns Composed of Magnetic-Particles-Polymer Composites. ACS NANO 2020; 14:17589-17596. [PMID: 33301287 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate wireless remote control of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) shape transformations of specially designed kirigami patterns by application of static magnetic fields. The kirigami patterns consist of hinge-linked periodic unit blocks composed of magnetic-particle-elastomer composites. By designing the axis of magnetic anisotropy in each unit block and determining the placement of the hinges that link the individual unit blocks, 2D and 3D transformations of the patterns were demonstrated under application of uniform magnetic fields with specific field directions. Magnetic nanoparticles in an elastomer matrix within unit blocks were aligned in-plane or out-of-plane with respect to the frame of the individual unit blocks by application of magnetic fields. Such 2D and 3D actuations of kirigami patterns might offer a first step toward the development of spatiotemporal actuation and transformation of more complex 3D shapes using magnetic-particle-elastomer composites.
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Ham YK, Song DH, Noh SW, Gu TW, Lee JH, Kim TK, Choi YS, Kim HW. Effects of Gelatin Hydrolysates Addition on Technological Properties and Lipid Oxidation of Cooked Sausage. Food Sci Anim Resour 2020; 40:1033-1043. [PMID: 33305286 PMCID: PMC7713770 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2020.e74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the impacts of gelatin hydrolysate addition on the technological properties and lipid oxidation stability of cooked sausage. Gelatin hydrolysate was prepared from pork and duck skin gelatin, through stepwise hydrolysis using collagenase and pepsin. The cooked sausages were formulated without gelatin (control) or with 1% pork skin gelatin, 1% duck skin gelatin, 1% pork skin gelatin hydrolysate, and 1% duck skin gelatin hydrolysate. The pH, color characteristics, protein solubility, cooking loss, and textural properties of cooked sausages were evaluated, and the 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value was measured weekly to determine lipid oxidation stability during 4 wk of refrigerated storage. Enzymatic hydrolysis of gelatin decreased protein content and CIE L* but increased redness and yellowness (p<0.05). When 1% gelatin or gelatin hydrolysate was incorporated in cooked sausage, however, little to no impacts on pH value, moisture content, protein content, color characteristics, protein solubility, and cooking loss were found (p>0.05). The addition of 1% duck skin gelatin hydrolysate increased the cohesiveness and chewiness of cooked sausages. The inclusion of 1% duck skin gelatin accelerated lipid oxidation of cooked sausages during refrigerated storage (p<0.05), whereas duck skin gelatin hydrolysate caused a lower TBARS value in cooked sausage compared to duck skin gelatin. The results show comparable effects of gelatin and gelatin hydrolysate addition on the technological properties of cooked sausages; however, the oxidative stability of raw materials for gelatin extraction should be evaluated clearly in further studies.
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Park B, Bang CH, Lee C, Han JH, Choi W, Kim J, Park GS, Rhie JW, Lee JH, Kim C. 3D wide-field multispectral photoacoustic imaging of human melanomas in vivo: a pilot study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 35:669-676. [PMID: 33037671 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Breslow depth is an important parameter to determine the excision margin and prognosis of melanoma. However, it is difficult to accurately determine the actual Breslow depth before surgery using the existing ocular micrometer and biopsy technique. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the use of 3D wide-field multispectral photoacoustic imaging to non-invasively measure depth and outline the boundary of melanomas for optimal surgical margin selection. METHODS Six melanoma patients were examined in vivo using the 3D multispectral photoacoustic imaging system. For five cases of melanomas (one in situ, three nodular, and one acral lentiginous type melanoma), the spectrally unmixed photoacoustic depths were calculated and compared against histopathological depths. RESULTS Spectrally unmixed photoacoustic depths and histopathological depths match well within a mean absolute error of 0.36 mm. In particular, the measured minimum and maximum depths in the in situ and nodular type of melanoma were 0.6 and 9.1 mm, respectively. In the 3D photoacoustic image of one metastatic melanoma, feeding vessels were visualized in the melanoma, suggesting the neovascularization around the tumour. CONCLUSIONS The 3D multispectral photoacoustic imaging not only provides well-measured depth and sizes of various types of melanomas, it also visualizes the metastatic type of melanoma. Obtaining accurate depth and boundary information of melanoma before surgery would play a useful role in the complete excision of melanoma during surgery.
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Park SH, Lim DH, Sohn TS, Lee J, Zang DY, Kim ST, Kang JH, Oh SY, Hwang IG, Ji JH, Shin DB, Yu JI, Kim KM, An JY, Choi MG, Lee JH, Kim S, Hong JY, Park JO, Park YS, Lim HY, Bae JM, Kang WK. A randomized phase III trial comparing adjuvant single-agent S1, S-1 with oxaliplatin, and postoperative chemoradiation with S-1 and oxaliplatin in patients with node-positive gastric cancer after D2 resection: the ARTIST 2 trial ☆. Ann Oncol 2020; 32:368-374. [PMID: 33278599 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy are some of the standards of care for gastric cancer (GC). The Adjuvant chemoRadioTherapy In Stomach Tumors (ARTIST) 2 trial compares two adjuvant chemotherapy regimens and chemoradiotherapy in patients with D2-resected, stage II or III, node-positive GC. PATIENTS AND METHODS The ARTIST 2 compared, in a 1:1:1 ratio, three adjuvant regimens: oral S-1 (40-60 mg twice daily 4 weeks on/2 weeks off) for 1 year, S-1 (2 weeks on/1 week off) plus oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 every 3 weeks (SOX) for 6 months, and SOX plus chemoradiotherapy 45 Gy (SOXRT). Randomization was stratified according to surgery type (total or subtotal gastrectomy), pathologic stage (II or III), and Lauren histologic classification (diffuse or intestinal/mixed). The primary endpoint was disease-free survival (DFS) at 3 years; a reduction of 33% in the hazard ratio (HR) for DFS with SOX or SOXRT, when compared with S-1, was considered clinically meaningful. The trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT0176146). RESULTS A total of 546 patients were recruited between February 2013 and January 2018 with 182, 181, and 183 patients in the S-1, SOX, and SOXRT arms, respectively. Median follow-up period was 47 months, with 178 DFS events observed. Estimated 3-year DFS rates were 64.8%, 74.3%, and 72.8% in the S-1, SOX, and SOXRT arms, respectively. HR for DFS in the control arm (S-1) was shorter than that in the SOX and SOXRT arms: S-1 versus SOX, 0.692 (P = 0.042) and S-1 versus SOXRT, 0.724 (P = 0.074). No difference in DFS was found between SOX and SOXRT (HR 0.971; P = 0.879). Adverse events were as anticipated in each arm, and were generally well-tolerated and manageable. CONCLUSIONS In patients with curatively D2-resected, stage II/III, node-positive GC, adjuvant SOX or SOXRT was effective in prolonging DFS, when compared with S-1 monotherapy. The addition of radiotherapy to SOX did not significantly reduce the rate of recurrence after D2 gastrectomy.
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Van der Meer JMR, Maas RJA, Guldevall K, Klarenaar K, de Jonge PKJD, Evert JSHV, van der Waart AB, Cany J, Safrit JT, Lee JH, Wagena E, Friedl P, Önfelt B, Massuger LF, Schaap NPM, Jansen JH, Hobo W, Dolstra H. IL-15 superagonist N-803 improves IFNγ production and killing of leukemia and ovarian cancer cells by CD34 + progenitor-derived NK cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 70:1305-1321. [PMID: 33140189 PMCID: PMC8053152 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02749-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic natural killer (NK) cell transfer is a potential immunotherapy to eliminate and control cancer. A promising source are CD34 + hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), since large numbers of cytotoxic NK cells can be generated. Effective boosting of NK cell function can be achieved by interleukin (IL)-15. However, its in vivo half-life is short and potent trans-presentation by IL-15 receptor α (IL-15Rα) is absent. Therefore, ImmunityBio developed IL-15 superagonist N-803, which combines IL-15 with an activating mutation, an IL-15Rα sushi domain for trans-presentation, and IgG1-Fc for increased half-life. Here, we investigated whether and how N-803 improves HPC-NK cell functionality in leukemia and ovarian cancer (OC) models in vitro and in vivo in OC-bearing immunodeficient mice. We used flow cytometry-based assays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, microscopy-based serial killing assays, and bioluminescence imaging, for in vitro and in vivo experiments. N-803 increased HPC-NK cell proliferation and interferon (IFN)γ production. On leukemia cells, co-culture with HPC-NK cells and N-803 increased ICAM-1 expression. Furthermore, N-803 improved HPC-NK cell-mediated (serial) leukemia killing. Treating OC spheroids with HPC-NK cells and N-803 increased IFNγ-induced CXCL10 secretion, and target killing after prolonged exposure. In immunodeficient mice bearing human OC, N-803 supported HPC-NK cell persistence in combination with total human immunoglobulins to prevent Fc-mediated HPC-NK cell depletion. Moreover, this combination treatment decreased tumor growth. In conclusion, N-803 is a promising IL-15-based compound that boosts HPC-NK cell expansion and functionality in vitro and in vivo. Adding N-803 to HPC-NK cell therapy could improve cancer immunotherapy.
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Lee JH, Kim HT, Choi IJ, Heo YR, Jung YW. An unusual anatomical variant of the left phrenic nerve encircling the transverse cervical artery. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2020; 80:1027-1031. [PMID: 33124034 DOI: 10.5603/fm.a2020.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
During educational dissection of cadavers, we encountered anatomical variability of the left phrenic nerve (PN). In this cadaver, nerve fibres from C3 and C4 descended and crossed behind the transverse cervical artery (TCA), a branch of the thyrocervical trunk, at the level of the anterior scalene muscle. On the other hand, nerve fibres from C5 descended obliquely above the TCA and then joined the fibres from C3-C4 on the medial side of the anterior scalene muscle to form the PN. To our knowledge, the encircling of the TCA by the left PN in the neck has not yet been reported and may pose a potential risk for nerve compression during movement of the neck. We discuss several types of anatomical variants of the PN and the associated risk during thorax and neck dissection procedures.
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Androić D, Armstrong DS, Asaturyan A, Bartlett K, Beaufait J, Beminiwattha RS, Benesch J, Benmokhtar F, Birchall J, Carlini RD, Cornejo JC, Dusa SC, Dalton MM, Davis CA, Deconinck W, Dowd JF, Dunne JA, Dutta D, Duvall WS, Elaasar M, Falk WR, Finn JM, Forest T, Gal C, Gaskell D, Gericke MTW, Grames J, Gray VM, Grimm K, Guo F, Hoskins JR, Jones D, Jones MK, Jones RT, Kargiantoulakis M, King PM, Korkmaz E, Kowalski S, Leacock J, Leckey JP, Lee AR, Lee JH, Lee L, MacEwan S, Mack D, Magee JA, Mahurin R, Mammei J, Martin JW, McHugh MJ, Meekins D, Mei J, Mesick KE, Michaels R, Micherdzinska A, Mkrtchyan A, Mkrtchyan H, Morgan N, Narayan A, Ndukum LZ, Nelyubin V, van Oers WTH, Owen VF, Page SA, Pan J, Paschke KD, Phillips SK, Pitt ML, Radloff RW, Rajotte JF, Ramsay WD, Roche J, Sawatzky B, Seva T, Shabestari MH, Silwal R, Simicevic N, Smith GR, Solvignon P, Spayde DT, Subedi A, Subedi R, Suleiman R, Tadevosyan V, Tobias WA, Tvaskis V, Waidyawansa B, Wang P, Wells SP, Wood SA, Yang S, Zang P, Zhamkochyan S. Precision Measurement of the Beam-Normal Single-Spin Asymmetry in Forward-Angle Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:112502. [PMID: 32976004 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.112502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A beam-normal single-spin asymmetry generated in the scattering of transversely polarized electrons from unpolarized nucleons is an observable related to the imaginary part of the two-photon exchange process. We report a 2% precision measurement of the beam-normal single-spin asymmetry in elastic electron-proton scattering with a mean scattering angle of θ_{lab}=7.9° and a mean energy of 1.149 GeV. The asymmetry result is B_{n}=-5.194±0.067(stat)±0.082 (syst) ppm. This is the most precise measurement of this quantity available to date and therefore provides a stringent test of two-photon exchange models at far-forward scattering angles (θ_{lab}→0) where they should be most reliable.
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