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Chang J, Kim H, Lalonde R, Houser C, Doraisamy E, Beriwal S, Vargo J, Huq M. Fuzzy Inference Based FMEA for MR Image Based HDR Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.1419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bhangoo R, DeWees T, Thorpe C, Petersen M, Hartsell W, Chang J, Sinesi C, Mishra M, Mohammed N, McGee L, Keole S, Sweeney P, Gondi V, Vargas C. Updated Toxicity and Quality-of-Life Outcomes From a Randomized Phase III Trial of Extreme Hypofractionated vs. Standard Fractionated Proton Therapy for Low-Risk Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Song JE, Kim S, Kang HK, Chung I, Kwak YG, Um TH, Cho CR, Chang J. A case of bacterial keratitis caused by multi-drug-resistant Shewanella algae without marine exposure. Oxf Med Case Reports 2021; 2021:omab131. [PMID: 34987857 PMCID: PMC8713584 DOI: 10.1093/omcr/omab131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Shewanella are Gram-negative rods and marine pathogens. Here, we report a case of bacterial keratitis caused by Shewanella algae without marine exposure. A 66-year-old man with suspected pneumonia was sent to the emergency department from a nursing hospital. He had been in there for 2 years in a vegetative state and could not close his eyes voluntarily. Neither the patient nor his family had experienced any marine exposure. Keratitis was suspected in his right eye. Gram-negative rods grew from swab culture and identified as S. algae by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA sequencing. The patient was treated with topical tobramycin, moxifloxacin and ofloxacin as well as steroids for 14 days, and the keratitis improved. S. algae is a rare human pathogen, and most human infections involve marine exposure. This is the second report of bacterial keratitis caused by S. algae worldwide and the first in Asia.
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Kang T, Kim GS, Byun YS, Kim J, Kim S, Chang J, Yoo SJ. An Algorithmic Approach Is Superior to the 99th Percentile Upper Reference Limits of High Sensitivity Troponin as a Threshold for Safe Discharge from the Emergency Department. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:1083. [PMID: 34684124 PMCID: PMC8540893 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57101083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: High-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-TnI) is an important indicator of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) among patients presenting with chest discomfort at the emergency department (ED). We aimed to determine a reliable hs-TnI cut-off by comparing various values for a baseline single measurement and an algorithmic approach. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the hs-TnI values of patients who presented to our ED with chest discomfort between June 2019 and June 2020. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of AMI with the Beckman Coulter Access hs-TnI assay by comparing the 99th percentile upper reference limits (URLs) based on the manufacturer's claims, the newly designated URLs in the Korean population, and an algorithmic approach. Results: A total of 1296 patients who underwent hs-TnI testing in the ED were reviewed and 155 (12.0%) were diagnosed with AMI. With a single measurement, a baseline hs-TnI cut-off of 18.4 ng/L showed the best performance for the whole population with a sensitivity of 78.7%, specificity of 95.7%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 97.1%, and positive predictive value (PPV) of 71.3%. An algorithm using baseline and 2-3 h hs-TnI values showed an 100% sensitivity, 97.7% specificity, an NPV of 100%, and a PPV of 90.1%. This algorithm used a cut-off of <4 ng/L for a single measurement 3 h after symptom onset or an initial level of <5 ng/L and a change of <5 ng/L to rule a patient out, and a cut-off of ≥50 ng/L for a single measurement or a change of ≥20 ng/L to rule a patient in. Conclusions: The algorithmic approach using serial measurements could help differentiate AMI patients from patients who could be safely discharged from the ED, ensuring that patients were triaged accurately and did not undergo unnecessary testing. The cut-off values from previous studies in different countries were effective in the Korean population.
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Quintanal-Villalonga A, Taniguchi H, Zhan Y, Hasan M, Chavan S, Uddin F, Allaj V, Manoj P, Shah N, Chan J, Chow A, Offin M, Bhanot U, Egger J, Qiu J, De Stanchina E, Chang J, Rekhtman N, Houck-Loomis B, Koche R, Yu H, Sen T, Rudin C. MA11.06 Multi-Omic Characterization of Lung Tumors Implicates AKT and MYC Signaling in Adenocarcinoma to Squamous Cell Transdifferentiation. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zhou Q, Wu Y, Chang J, Wang H, Fan Y, Zhao J, Wu G, Sun Y, Sun M, Wang X, Shi H, Nian W, Wang K, Zheng X, Qu L, Yao S, Shen Z, Li P, Yang J. MA02.02 Efficacy and Safety of Pralsetinib in Chinese Patients with Advanced RET Fusion+ Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Aharonian F, An Q, Axikegu, Bai LX, Bai YX, Bao YW, Bastieri D, Bi XJ, Bi YJ, Cai H, Cai JT, Cao Z, Cao Z, Chang J, Chang JF, Chang XC, Chen BM, Chen J, Chen L, Chen L, Chen L, Chen MJ, Chen ML, Chen QH, Chen SH, Chen SZ, Chen TL, Chen XL, Chen Y, Cheng N, Cheng YD, Cui SW, Cui XH, Cui YD, Dai BZ, Dai HL, Dai ZG, Danzengluobu, Volpe DD, Piazzoli BD, Dong XJ, Fan JH, Fan YZ, Fan ZX, Fang J, Fang K, Feng CF, Feng L, Feng SH, Feng YL, Gao B, Gao CD, Gao Q, Gao W, Ge MM, Geng LS, Gong GH, Gou QB, Gu MH, Guo JG, Guo XL, Guo YQ, Guo YY, Han YA, He HH, He HN, He JC, He SL, He XB, He Y, Heller M, Hor YK, Hou C, Hou X, Hu HB, Hu S, Hu SC, Hu XJ, Huang DH, Huang QL, Huang WH, Huang XT, Huang Y, Huang ZC, Ji F, Ji XL, Jia HY, Jiang K, Jiang ZJ, Jin C, Kuleshov D, Levochkin K, Li BB, Li C, Li C, Li F, Li HB, Li HC, Li HY, Li J, Li K, Li WL, Li X, Li X, Li XR, Li Y, Li YZ, Li Z, Li Z, Liang EW, Liang YF, Lin SJ, Liu B, Liu C, Liu D, Liu H, Liu HD, Liu J, Liu JL, Liu JS, Liu JY, Liu MY, Liu RY, Liu SM, Liu W, Liu YN, Liu ZX, Long WJ, Lu R, Lv HK, Ma BQ, Ma LL, Ma XH, Mao JR, Masood A, Mitthumsiri W, Montaruli T, Nan YC, Pang BY, Pattarakijwanich P, Pei ZY, Qi MY, Ruffolo D, Rulev V, Sáiz A, Shao L, Shchegolev O, Sheng XD, Shi JR, Song HC, Stenkin YV, Stepanov V, Sun QN, Sun XN, Sun ZB, Tam PHT, Tang ZB, Tian WW, Wang BD, Wang C, Wang H, Wang HG, Wang JC, Wang JS, Wang LP, Wang LY, Wang RN, Wang W, Wang W, Wang XG, Wang XJ, Wang XY, Wang YD, Wang YJ, Wang YP, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wang ZH, Wang ZX, Wei DM, Wei JJ, Wei YJ, Wen T, Wu CY, Wu HR, Wu S, Wu WX, Wu XF, Xi SQ, Xia J, Xia JJ, Xiang GM, Xiao G, Xiao HB, Xin GG, Xin YL, Xing Y, Xu DL, Xu RX, Xue L, Yan DH, Yang CW, Yang FF, Yang JY, Yang LL, Yang MJ, Yang RZ, Yang SB, Yao YH, Yao ZG, Ye YM, Yin LQ, Yin N, You XH, You ZY, Yu YH, Yuan Q, Zeng HD, Zeng TX, Zeng W, Zeng ZK, Zha M, Zhai XX, Zhang BB, Zhang HM, Zhang HY, Zhang JL, Zhang JW, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang LX, Zhang PF, Zhang PP, Zhang R, Zhang SR, Zhang SS, Zhang X, Zhang XP, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang YF, Zhang YL, Zhao B, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao LZ, Zhao SP, Zheng F, Zheng Y, Zhou B, Zhou H, Zhou JN, Zhou P, Zhou R, Zhou XX, Zhu CG, Zhu FR, Zhu H, Zhu KJ, Zuo X. A dynamic range extension system for LHAASO WCDA-1. RADIATION DETECTION TECHNOLOGY AND METHODS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41605-021-00275-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ajmera M, Chang J, Hitchens A, Kearney M, Esterberg E, Kim R, Cappelleri J, Devgan G, Costa N, Candrilli S. 706P Real-world study assessing physician rationale for initiating first-line (1L) immuno-oncology (IO) therapy for patients with advanced urothelial cancer (aUC). Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Wu YL, Zhou Q, Chen M, Jiang O, Hu D, Lin Q, Wu G, Cui J, Chang J, Cheng Y, Huang C, Liu A, Cui N, Wang J, Wang Q, Qin M, Zhang R, Yang J. LBA43 GEMSTONE-301: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III study of sugemalimab in patients with unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had not progressed after concurrent or sequential chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.2122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Zhou L, Chang J, Gao Y, Wang C. [Procyanidin B2 protects neurons from cypermethrin-induced oxidative stress through the P13K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:1158-1164. [PMID: 34549705 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.08.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore whether procyanidin B2 (PCB2) regulates the P13K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway to protect neurons from oxidative stress induced by cypermethrin (CYP). METHODS Primary cultures of cerebral cortex neurons from C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control group (cultured in serum-free neurobasal-B27 medium), PCB2 treatment group(treated with 5 μg/mL PCB2 for 24 h), CYP exposure group(treated with 50 μmol/L CYP for 24 h), PCB2 pretreatment group(pretreated with 5 μg/mL PCB2 for 30 min followed by exposure to 50 μmol/L CYP for 24 h), and LY294002 treatment group (pretreated with 20 μmol/L LY294002 for 30 min before treatment with PCB2 for 30 min and then CYP for 24 h).CCK-8 assay was used to analyze the neuronal viability after the treatments.Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the cells was detected using the fluorescent probe DCFH-DA and flow cytometry.The changes in nuclear morphology and mitochondrial membrane potential of the cells were examined with Hoechst 33342 and JC-1 staining, respectively.Western blotting was performed to detect the protein expressions of Nrf2, HO-1, p-Akt and Akt in the cells. RESULTS In CYP exposure group, the cells showed significantly decreased viability and mitochondrial membrane potential with obvious apoptotic morphological changes and abnormal ROS production.By comparison, the cells in PCB2 preconditioning group showed improved cell survival rate, reduced abnormalities in nuclear morphology, increased mitochondrial membrane potential, and lowered intracellular ROS production.CYP exposure caused Nrf2 nuclear translocation and up-regulated Nrf2, HO-1, p-Akt protein expressions in the cells, which were inhibited by PCB2 pretreatment.Inhibition of the P13K/Akt signaling pathway obviously neutralized the protective effect of PCB2 against CYP-induced neuronal injury. CONCLUSIONS PCB2 regulates the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway by activating the P13K/Akt signaling pathway to protect mouse cerebral cortical neurons against oxidative injury induced by cypermethrin.
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Baggett M, Helmy D, Chang J, Bobinski M, Assadsangabi R. Added value in stroke imaging: accuracy and utility of additional coronal diffusion-weighted imaging. Clin Radiol 2021; 76:785.e1-785.e7. [PMID: 34384563 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the value of adding additional coronal diffusion-weighted imaging with the same section thickness as standard axial images to improve detection of small infarcts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Axial and coronal diffusion-weighted images (4 or 5 mm section thickness, 1 mm gap) were studied retrospectively in two rounds of data collection. During the first round, two radiologists identified sub-centimetre infarcts on only axial images during one sitting, and only coronal images during a second sitting. During the second round, the two radiologists were asked to identify infarcts on only axial images during one sitting, and on both axial and coronal images simultaneously during the second sitting. An expert reviewer determined true infarcts and artefacts. Relative contrast-to-noise ratios (rCNR) and relative mean region of interest (rROI) within each lesion were calculated. RESULTS During the first round, sensitivity for infarct detection for the two radiologists was 92.7% and 100% on axial and 95.1% and 92.7% on coronal, respectively. During the second round, sensitivity improved from 88.9% to 98.1% for both radiologists (p=0.03). Specificity improved but did not reach statistical significance (p=0.06 and 0.12). False-negative and false-positive lesions had lower rCNR and rROI values. CONCLUSION Including both axial and coronal DWI images with the same section thickness in the stroke protocol improves detection of small infarcts, which can be misdiagnosed on a single imaging plane. A second imaging plane is particularly useful for subtle infarcts, even without acquiring thin-section images.
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Zhou YL, Liu JR, Yi QW, Chen LN, Han ZY, Xu CD, Liu SY, Hao CL, Liu J, Li QL, Wang LJ, Wang C, Che GH, Zhang YY, Tong L, Liu YQ, Zhao SY, Zheng YJ, Li S, Liu HM, Chang J, Zhao DY, Zou YX, Zhang XX, Nong GM, Zhang HL, Pan JL, Chen YN, Dong XY, Zhang YF, Wang YS, Yang DH, Lu Q, Chen ZM. [A multicenter retrospective study on the etiology of necrotizing pneumonia in children]. ZHONGHUA ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2021; 59:658-664. [PMID: 34333918 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20210126-00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the etiology of necrotizing pneumonia (NP) in children and the clinical characteristics of NP caused by different pathogens in China. Methods: A retrospective, case-control study was performed in children with NP who were admitted to 13 hospitals in China from January 2008 to December 2019. The demographic and clinical information, laboratory data, etiological and radiological findings were analyzed. The data were divided into three groups based on the following years: 2008-2011, 2012-2015 and 2016-2019, and the distribution characteristics of the pathogens in different period were compared. Meanwhile, the pathogens of pediatric NP in the southern and northern China were compared. And the clinical characteristics of the Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) NP and the bacterial NP were also compared. T-test or Mann-Whitney nonparametric test was used for comparison of numerical variables, and χ2 test was used for categorical variables. Results: A total of 494 children with NP were enrolled, the median ages were 4.7 (0.1-15.3) years, including 272 boys and 222 girls. Among these patients, pathogens were identified in 347 cases and the pathogen was unclear in the remaining 147 cases. The main pathogens were MP (238 cases), Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) (61 cases), Staphylococcus aureus (SA) (51 cases), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13 cases), Haemophilus influenzae (10 cases), adenovirus (10 cases), and influenza virus A (7 cases), respectively. MP was the most common pathogen in all three periods and the proportion increased yearly. The proportion of MP in 2016-2019 was significantly higher than that in 2012-2015 (52.1% (197/378) vs. 36.8% (32/87), χ2=6.654, P=0.010), while there was no significant difference in the proportion of MP in 2012-2015 and that in 2008-2011 (36.8% (32/87) vs. 31.0% (9/29), χ²=0.314, P=0.575).Regarding the regional distribution, 342 cases were in the southern China and 152 in the northern China. Also, MP was the most common pathogen in both regions, but the proportion of MP was higher and the proportion of SP was lower in the north than those in the south (60.5% (92/152) vs. 42.7% (146/342), χ2=13.409, P<0.010; 7.9% (12/152) vs. 14.3% (49/342), χ2=4.023, P=0.045). Comparing the clinical characteristics of different pathogens, we found that fever and cough were the common symptoms in both single MP and single bacterial groups, but chest pain was more common (17.0% (34/200) vs. 6.1% (6/98), χ2=6.697, P=0.010) while shortness of breath and wheezing were less common in MP group (16.0% (32/200) vs. 60.2% (59/98), χ2=60.688, P<0.01; 4.5% (9/200) vs. 21.4% (21/98), χ2=20.819, P<0.01, respectively). The white blood cell count, C-reactive protein and procalcitonin in the bacterial group were significantly higher than those in the MP group (14.7 (1.0-67.1)×109/L vs. 10.5 (2.5-32.2)×109/L, 122.5 (0.5-277.3) mg/L vs. 51.4 (0.5-200.0) g/L, 2.13 (0.05-100.00) μg/L vs. 0.24 (0.01-18.85) μg/L, Z=-3.719, -5.901 and -7.765, all P<0.01). Conclusions: The prevalence of pediatric NP in China shows an increasing trend during the past years. MP, SP and SA are the main pathogens of NP, and the most common clinical symptoms are fever and cough. The WBC count, C-reactive protein and procalcitonin in bacterial NP are significantly higher than those caused by MP.
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Li J, Mao W, Li F, Ran L, Chang J, Mei F, Hu L, Du Y, Tian X, Shan L, Liu M, Chen Y, Mu J, Qin Y, Yin S, Liang N. PO-1306 apatinib plus capecitabine in patients of recurrent/metastatic and persistent cervical cancer. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)07757-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ferguson A, Assadsangabi R, Chang J, Raslan O, Bobinski M, Bewley A, Dublin A, Latchaw R, Ivanovic V. Analysis of misses in imaging of head and neck pathology by attending neuroradiologists at a single tertiary academic medical centre. Clin Radiol 2021; 76:786.e9-786.e13. [PMID: 34304864 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To analyse errors in head and neck (H&N) pathology made by attending neuroradiologists at a single tertiary-care centre. MATERIALS AND METHODS A neuroradiology quality assurance (QA) database of radiological errors was searched for attending physician errors in H&N pathology from 2014-2020. Data were limited to computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports. Data were collected on missed pathologies and study types. Misses were grouped into three categories: central neck (thyroid gland, aerodigestive tract), lateral neck (salivary glands, lymph nodes, soft tissues), and face/orbits (orbits, sinuses, masticator space). RESULTS During the study period, a total of 283,248 CT and MRI neuroradiology examinations were interpreted (all indications). Seventy-four H&N misses were identified comprising 85.1% perceptual and 14.9% interpretive errors. The distribution of errors was face/orbits (37.8%), central neck (36.5%), and lateral neck (25.7%). Clinically significant errors were found most commonly in the aerodigestive tract (21%), orbits (17.7%), masticator space, and parotid glands (14.5% each). The majority (67.6%) of the misses were detected on examinations that were not performed for a primary H&N indication; MRI brain was the most common examination (27%). Clearly malignant or potentially malignant masses accounted for 48.6% of all misses. CONCLUSION The majority of H&N misses were perceptual and were detected on examinations not performed for a H&N indication. Clearly malignant or potentially malignant masses represented half of all misses.
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Cao Z, Aharonian F, An Q, Bai LX, Bai YX, Bao YW, Bastieri D, Bi XJ, Bi YJ, Cai H, Cai JT, Cao Z, Chang J, Chang JF, Chen BM, Chen ES, Chen J, Chen L, Chen L, Chen L, Chen MJ, Chen ML, Chen QH, Chen SH, Chen SZ, Chen TL, Chen XL, Chen Y, Cheng N, Cheng YD, Cui SW, Cui XH, Cui YD, D'Ettorre Piazzoli B, Dai BZ, Dai HL, Dai ZG, Della Volpe D, Dong XJ, Duan KK, Fan JH, Fan YZ, Fan ZX, Fang J, Fang K, Feng CF, Feng L, Feng SH, Feng YL, Gao B, Gao CD, Gao LQ, Gao Q, Gao W, Ge MM, Geng LS, Gong GH, Gou QB, Gu MH, Guo FL, Guo JG, Guo XL, Guo YQ, Guo YY, Han YA, He HH, He HN, He JC, He SL, He XB, He Y, Heller M, Hor YK, Hou C, Hou X, Hu HB, Hu S, Hu SC, Hu XJ, Huang DH, Huang QL, Huang WH, Huang XT, Huang XY, Huang ZC, Ji F, Ji XL, Jia HY, Jiang K, Jiang ZJ, Jin C, Ke T, Kuleshov D, Levochkin K, Li BB, Li C, Li C, Li F, Li HB, Li HC, Li HY, Li J, Li J, Li K, Li WL, Li XR, Li X, Li X, Li Y, Li YZ, Li Z, Li Z, Liang EW, Liang YF, Lin SJ, Liu B, Liu C, Liu D, Liu H, Liu HD, Liu J, Liu JL, Liu JS, Liu JY, Liu MY, Liu RY, Liu SM, Liu W, Liu Y, Liu YN, Liu ZX, Long WJ, Lu R, Lv HK, Ma BQ, Ma LL, Ma XH, Mao JR, Masood A, Min Z, Mitthumsiri W, Montaruli T, Nan YC, Pang BY, Pattarakijwanich P, Pei ZY, Qi MY, Qi YQ, Qiao BQ, Qin JJ, Ruffolo D, Rulev V, Saiz A, Shao L, Shchegolev O, Sheng XD, Shi JY, Song HC, Stenkin YV, Stepanov V, Su Y, Sun QN, Sun XN, Sun ZB, Tam PHT, Tang ZB, Tian WW, Wang BD, Wang C, Wang H, Wang HG, Wang JC, Wang JS, Wang LP, Wang LY, Wang RN, Wang W, Wang W, Wang XG, Wang XJ, Wang XY, Wang Y, Wang YD, Wang YJ, Wang YP, Wang ZH, Wang ZX, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wei DM, Wei JJ, Wei YJ, Wen T, Wu CY, Wu HR, Wu S, Wu WX, Wu XF, Xi SQ, Xia J, Xia JJ, Xiang GM, Xiao DX, Xiao G, Xiao HB, Xin GG, Xin YL, Xing Y, Xu DL, Xu RX, Xue L, Yan DH, Yan JZ, Yang CW, Yang FF, Yang JY, Yang LL, Yang MJ, Yang RZ, Yang SB, Yao YH, Yao ZG, Ye YM, Yin LQ, Yin N, You XH, You ZY, Yu YH, Yuan Q, Zeng HD, Zeng TX, Zeng W, Zeng ZK, Zha M, Zhai XX, Zhang BB, Zhang HM, Zhang HY, Zhang JL, Zhang JW, Zhang LX, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang PF, Zhang PP, Zhang R, Zhang SR, Zhang SS, Zhang X, Zhang XP, Zhang YF, Zhang YL, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao B, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao LZ, Zhao SP, Zheng F, Zheng Y, Zhou B, Zhou H, Zhou JN, Zhou P, Zhou R, Zhou XX, Zhu CG, Zhu FR, Zhu H, Zhu KJ, Zuo X. Peta-electron volt gamma-ray emission from the Crab Nebula. Science 2021; 373:425-430. [PMID: 34261813 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg5137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The Crab Nebula is a bright source of gamma rays powered by the Crab Pulsar's rotational energy through the formation and termination of a relativistic electron-positron wind. We report the detection of gamma rays from this source with energies from 5 × 10-4 to 1.1 peta-electron volts with a spectrum showing gradual steepening over three energy decades. The ultrahigh-energy photons imply the presence of a peta-electron volt electron accelerator (a pevatron) in the nebula, with an acceleration rate exceeding 15% of the theoretical limit. We constrain the pevatron's size between 0.025 and 0.1 parsecs and the magnetic field to ≈110 microgauss. The production rate of peta-electron volt electrons, 2.5 × 1036 ergs per second, constitutes 0.5% of the pulsar spin-down luminosity, although we cannot exclude a contribution of peta-electron volt protons to the production of the highest-energy gamma rays.
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Chang J, Vreugdenhil M, Fong C, Sanghera P, Hartley A. In Response to Lewis et al. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2021; 33:e613. [PMID: 34215449 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kim SK, Chang J, Choi SH, Sung H, Kim MN. Performance of Xpert MTB/RIF for the Diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis. Clin Lab 2021; 67. [PMID: 33616324 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2020.200423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterial burden is low in extrapulmonary specimens, making diagnosis and treatment difficult. Xpert MTB/RIF is a real-time PCR assay for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampin resistance. This study evaluated the performance of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay in extrapulmonary specimens. METHODS Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) smear, culture, and Xpert MTB/RIF were performed on extrapulmonary specimens. Mycobacterial culture was performed on BACTEC MGIT liquid for 6 weeks and 2% Ogawa medium for 8 weeks. Overall sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF was estimated using culture as a gold standard. Xpert MTB/RIF sensitivity and cycle-threshold (Ct) values according to AFB smear grade were evaluated. The sensitivity, specificity, and concordance of rifampin resistance compared to the phenotypic drug sensitivity test were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 1,289 specimens were included in the study. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay were 59.4% (41/69, 95% CI 46.9 - 70.9%) and 99.3% (1,212/1,220, 95% CI 98.7 - 99.7), respectively. Positive predictive value of Xpert MTB/RIF was 83.7% (41/49, 95% CI 69.8 - 92.2) and negative predictive value was 97.7% (1,212/1,240, 95% CI 96.7 - 98.5%). Xpert MTB/RIF assay sensitivity significantly increased with increases in AFB smear grade (p < 0.001). AFB smear grades and Xpert MTB/RIF Ct values were negatively correlated. Rifampin resistance results of Xpert MTB/RIF and culture showed a concordance rate of 97.2%. CONCLUSIONS The Xpert MTB/RIF assay could be used to replace the AFB smear for the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and has high specificity for the detection of rifampin resistance.
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Chang J, Kim S, Yoo SJ, Park EJ, Um TH, Cho CR. Preanalytical Errors in the Central Laboratory of a University Hospital Based on the Analysis of Year-Round Data. Clin Lab 2021; 66. [PMID: 32902239 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2020.200110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preanalytical errors cause a decrease in the accuracy of clinical laboratory results. We analyzed preanalytical errors (preAEs) made in the clinical laboratory of a university hospital. METHODS All samples received in a centralized laboratory from January 1, to December 31, 2018, were analyzed retrospectively. The categories of preAEs were improper request, incorrect labeling, improper collection/transport, inadequate sample volume, inappropriate container, hemolysis, and sample clotting. The rates of preAEs in these categories were calculated according to sample type, laboratory subunit, department, sampling place, sampling time, and patient age. RESULTS Of 1,082,014 samples received and analyzed by the laboratory, 6,848 (0.63%) were classified as having preAEs. The most frequent categories of preAE were hemolysis (44.6%), sample clotting (30.8%), and inadequate volume (16.7%). The most frequent preAE category for whole-blood and serum/plasma was clotting and hemolysis, respectively. The most frequent preAE category in the blood bank, clinical chemistry, immunology, and test referral service laboratory subunits was hemolysis, in the hematology subunit it was sample clotting, and in the microbiology and urinalysis subunits it was inadequate sample volume. Surgical departments had a higher rate of preAEs than did non-surgical departments (p < 0.0001). Samples drawn in the sampling room showed the lowest frequencies of preAEs (0.01%). Samples drawn on general wards from 5 pm to 5 am, when duty nurses perform sampling, showed a preAE rate of 2.80%. The rate of preAEs increased with patient age. CONCLUSIONS This analysis of preAEs is the most comprehensive to date. Our findings will promote the provision of high-quality laboratory services to clinicians and their patients.
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Aharonian F, An Q, Bai LX, Bai YX, Bao YW, Bastieri D, Bi XJ, Bi YJ, Cai H, Cai JT, Cao Z, Cao Z, Chang J, Chang JF, Chang XC, Chen BM, Chen J, Chen L, Chen L, Chen L, Chen MJ, Chen ML, Chen QH, Chen SH, Chen SZ, Chen TL, Chen XL, Chen Y, Cheng N, Cheng YD, Cui SW, Cui XH, Cui YD, Dai BZ, Dai HL, Dai ZG, Della Volpe D, D'Ettorre Piazzoli B, Dong XJ, Fan JH, Fan YZ, Fan ZX, Fang J, Fang K, Feng CF, Feng L, Feng SH, Feng YL, Gao B, Gao CD, Gao Q, Gao W, Ge MM, Geng LS, Gong GH, Gou QB, Gu MH, Guo JG, Guo XL, Guo YQ, Guo YY, Han YA, He HH, He HN, He JC, He SL, He XB, He Y, Heller M, Hor YK, Hou C, Hou X, Hu HB, Hu S, Hu SC, Hu XJ, Huang DH, Huang QL, Huang WH, Huang XT, Huang ZC, Ji F, Ji XL, Jia HY, Jiang K, Jiang ZJ, Jin C, Kuleshov D, Levochkin K, Li BB, Li C, Li C, Li F, Li HB, Li HC, Li HY, Li J, Li K, Li WL, Li X, Li X, Li XR, Li Y, Li YZ, Li Z, Li Z, Liang EW, Liang YF, Lin SJ, Liu B, Liu C, Liu D, Liu H, Liu HD, Liu J, Liu JL, Liu JS, Liu JY, Liu MY, Liu RY, Liu SM, Liu W, Liu YN, Liu ZX, Long WJ, Lu R, Lv HK, Ma BQ, Ma LL, Ma XH, Mao JR, Masood A, Mitthumsiri W, Montaruli T, Nan YC, Pang BY, Pattarakijwanich P, Pei ZY, Qi MY, Ruffolo D, Rulev V, Sáiz A, Shao L, Shchegolev O, Sheng XD, Shi JR, Song HC, Stenkin YV, Stepanov V, Sun QN, Sun XN, Sun ZB, Tam PHT, Tang ZB, Tian WW, Wang BD, Wang C, Wang H, Wang HG, Wang JC, Wang JS, Wang LP, Wang LY, Wang RN, Wang W, Wang W, Wang XG, Wang XJ, Wang XY, Wang YD, Wang YJ, Wang YP, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wang ZH, Wang ZX, Wei DM, Wei JJ, Wei YJ, Wen T, Wu CY, Wu HR, Wu S, Wu WX, Wu XF, Xi SQ, Xia J, Xia JJ, Xiang GM, Xiao G, Xiao HB, Xin GG, Xin YL, Xing Y, Xu DL, Xu RX, Xue L, Yan DH, Yang CW, Yang FF, Yang JY, Yang LL, Yang MJ, Yang RZ, Yang SB, Yao YH, Yao ZG, Ye YM, Yin LQ, Yin N, You XH, You ZY, Yu YH, Yuan Q, Zeng HD, Zeng TX, Zeng W, Zeng ZK, Zha M, Zhai XX, Zhang BB, Zhang HM, Zhang HY, Zhang JL, Zhang JW, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang LX, Zhang PF, Zhang PP, Zhang R, Zhang SR, Zhang SS, Zhang X, Zhang XP, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang YF, Zhang YL, Zhao B, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao LZ, Zhao SP, Zheng F, Zheng Y, Zhou B, Zhou H, Zhou JN, Zhou P, Zhou R, Zhou XX, Zhu CG, Zhu FR, Zhu H, Zhu KJ, Zuo X, Huang XY. Extended Very-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission Surrounding PSR J0622+3749 Observed by LHAASO-KM2A. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:241103. [PMID: 34213924 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.241103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report the discovery of an extended very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray source around the location of the middle-aged (207.8 kyr) pulsar PSR J0622+3749 with the Large High-Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). The source is detected with a significance of 8.2σ for E>25 TeV assuming a Gaussian template. The best-fit location is (right ascension, declination) =(95.47°±0.11°,37.92°±0.09°), and the extension is 0.40°±0.07°. The energy spectrum can be described by a power-law spectrum with an index of -2.92±0.17_{stat}±0.02_{sys}. No clear extended multiwavelength counterpart of the LHAASO source has been found from the radio to sub-TeV bands. The LHAASO observations are consistent with the scenario that VHE electrons escaped from the pulsar, diffused in the interstellar medium, and scattered the interstellar radiation field. If interpreted as the pulsar halo scenario, the diffusion coefficient, inferred for electrons with median energies of ∼160 TeV, is consistent with those obtained from the extended halos around Geminga and Monogem and much smaller than that derived from cosmic ray secondaries. The LHAASO discovery of this source thus likely enriches the class of so-called pulsar halos and confirms that high-energy particles generally diffuse very slowly in the disturbed medium around pulsars.
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Cao Z, Aharonian FA, An Q, Axikegu, Bai LX, Bai YX, Bao YW, Bastieri D, Bi XJ, Bi YJ, Cai H, Cai JT, Cao Z, Chang J, Chang JF, Chang XC, Chen BM, Chen J, Chen L, Chen L, Chen L, Chen MJ, Chen ML, Chen QH, Chen SH, Chen SZ, Chen TL, Chen XL, Chen Y, Cheng N, Cheng YD, Cui SW, Cui XH, Cui YD, Dai BZ, Dai HL, Dai ZG, Danzengluobu, Della Volpe D, D Ettorre Piazzoli B, Dong XJ, Fan JH, Fan YZ, Fan ZX, Fang J, Fang K, Feng CF, Feng L, Feng SH, Feng YL, Gao B, Gao CD, Gao Q, Gao W, Ge MM, Geng LS, Gong GH, Gou QB, Gu MH, Guo JG, Guo XL, Guo YQ, Guo YY, Han YA, He HH, He HN, He JC, He SL, He XB, He Y, Heller M, Hor YK, Hou C, Hou X, Hu HB, Hu S, Hu SC, Hu XJ, Huang DH, Huang QL, Huang WH, Huang XT, Huang ZC, Ji F, Ji XL, Jia HY, Jiang K, Jiang ZJ, Jin C, Kuleshov D, Levochkin K, Li BB, Li C, Li C, Li F, Li HB, Li HC, Li HY, Li J, Li K, Li WL, Li X, Li X, Li XR, Li Y, Li YZ, Li Z, Li Z, Liang EW, Liang YF, Lin SJ, Liu B, Liu C, Liu D, Liu H, Liu HD, Liu J, Liu JL, Liu JS, Liu JY, Liu MY, Liu RY, Liu SM, Liu W, Liu YN, Liu ZX, Long WJ, Lu R, Lv HK, Ma BQ, Ma LL, Ma XH, Mao JR, Masood A, Mitthumsiri W, Montaruli T, Nan YC, Pang BY, Pattarakijwanich P, Pei ZY, Qi MY, Ruffolo D, Rulev V, Sáiz A, Shao L, Shchegolev O, Sheng XD, Shi JR, Song HC, Stenkin YV, Stepanov V, Sun QN, Sun XN, Sun ZB, Tam PHT, Tang ZB, Tian WW, Wang BD, Wang C, Wang H, Wang HG, Wang JC, Wang JS, Wang LP, Wang LY, Wang RN, Wang W, Wang W, Wang XG, Wang XJ, Wang XY, Wang YD, Wang YJ, Wang YP, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wang ZH, Wang ZX, Wei DM, Wei JJ, Wei YJ, Wen T, Wu CY, Wu HR, Wu S, Wu WX, Wu XF, Xi SQ, Xia J, Xia JJ, Xiang GM, Xiao G, Xiao HB, Xin GG, Xin YL, Xing Y, Xu DL, Xu RX, Xue L, Yan DH, Yang CW, Yang FF, Yang JY, Yang LL, Yang MJ, Yang RZ, Yang SB, Yao YH, Yao ZG, Ye YM, Yin LQ, Yin N, You XH, You ZY, Yu YH, Yuan Q, Zeng HD, Zeng TX, Zeng W, Zeng ZK, Zha M, Zhai XX, Zhang BB, Zhang HM, Zhang HY, Zhang JL, Zhang JW, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang LX, Zhang PF, Zhang PP, Zhang R, Zhang SR, Zhang SS, Zhang X, Zhang XP, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang YF, Zhang YL, Zhao B, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao LZ, Zhao SP, Zheng F, Zheng Y, Zhou B, Zhou H, Zhou JN, Zhou P, Zhou R, Zhou XX, Zhu CG, Zhu FR, Zhu H, Zhu KJ, Zuo X. Ultrahigh-energy photons up to 1.4 petaelectronvolts from 12 γ-ray Galactic sources. Nature 2021; 594:33-36. [PMID: 34002091 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03498-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The extension of the cosmic-ray spectrum beyond 1 petaelectronvolt (PeV; 1015 electronvolts) indicates the existence of the so-called PeVatrons-cosmic-ray factories that accelerate particles to PeV energies. We need to locate and identify such objects to find the origin of Galactic cosmic rays1. The principal signature of both electron and proton PeVatrons is ultrahigh-energy (exceeding 100 TeV) γ radiation. Evidence of the presence of a proton PeVatron has been found in the Galactic Centre, according to the detection of a hard-spectrum radiation extending to 0.04 PeV (ref. 2). Although γ-rays with energies slightly higher than 0.1 PeV have been reported from a few objects in the Galactic plane3-6, unbiased identification and in-depth exploration of PeVatrons requires detection of γ-rays with energies well above 0.1 PeV. Here we report the detection of more than 530 photons at energies above 100 teraelectronvolts and up to 1.4 PeV from 12 ultrahigh-energy γ-ray sources with a statistical significance greater than seven standard deviations. Despite having several potential counterparts in their proximity, including pulsar wind nebulae, supernova remnants and star-forming regions, the PeVatrons responsible for the ultrahigh-energy γ-rays have not yet been firmly localized and identified (except for the Crab Nebula), leaving open the origin of these extreme accelerators.
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Alemanno F, An Q, Azzarello P, Barbato FCT, Bernardini P, Bi XJ, Cai MS, Catanzani E, Chang J, Chen DY, Chen JL, Chen ZF, Cui MY, Cui TS, Cui YX, Dai HT, D'Amone A, De Benedittis A, De Mitri I, de Palma F, Deliyergiyev M, Di Santo M, Dong TK, Dong ZX, Donvito G, Droz D, Duan JL, Duan KK, D'Urso D, Fan RR, Fan YZ, Fang K, Fang F, Feng CQ, Feng L, Fusco P, Gao M, Gargano F, Gong K, Gong YZ, Guo DY, Guo JH, Guo XL, Han SX, Hu YM, Huang GS, Huang XY, Huang YY, Ionica M, Jiang W, Kong J, Kotenko A, Kyratzis D, Lei SJ, Li S, Li WL, Li X, Li XQ, Liang YM, Liu CM, Liu H, Liu J, Liu SB, Liu WQ, Liu Y, Loparco F, Luo CN, Ma M, Ma PX, Ma T, Ma XY, Marsella G, Mazziotta MN, Mo D, Niu XY, Pan X, Parenti A, Peng WX, Peng XY, Perrina C, Qiao R, Rao JN, Ruina A, Salinas MM, Shang GZ, Shen WH, Shen ZQ, Shen ZT, Silveri L, Song JX, Stolpovskiy M, Su H, Su M, Sun ZY, Surdo A, Teng XJ, Tykhonov A, Wang H, Wang JZ, Wang LG, Wang S, Wang XL, Wang Y, Wang YF, Wang YZ, Wang ZM, Wei DM, Wei JJ, Wei YF, Wen SC, Wu D, Wu J, Wu LB, Wu SS, Wu X, Xia ZQ, Xu HT, Xu ZH, Xu ZL, Xu ZZ, Xue GF, Yang HB, Yang P, Yang YQ, Yao HJ, Yu YH, Yuan GW, Yuan Q, Yue C, Zang JJ, Zhang F, Zhang SX, Zhang WZ, Zhang Y, Zhang YJ, Zhang YL, Zhang YP, Zhang YQ, Zhang Z, Zhang ZY, Zhao C, Zhao HY, Zhao XF, Zhou CY, Zhu Y. Measurement of the Cosmic Ray Helium Energy Spectrum from 70 GeV to 80 TeV with the DAMPE Space Mission. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:201102. [PMID: 34110215 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.201102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic ray helium nuclei from 70 GeV to 80 TeV using 4.5 years of data recorded by the Dark Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) is reported in this work. A hardening of the spectrum is observed at an energy of about 1.3 TeV, similar to previous observations. In addition, a spectral softening at about 34 TeV is revealed for the first time with large statistics and well controlled systematic uncertainties, with an overall significance of 4.3σ. The DAMPE spectral measurements of both cosmic protons and helium nuclei suggest a particle charge dependent softening energy, although with current uncertainties a dependence on the number of nucleons cannot be ruled out.
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Nathalie J, Chang J, Ezzedine K, Rodrigues M. Health-related quality of life in paediatric patients with vitiligo: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:e755-e756. [PMID: 34013610 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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98
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Singh A, Huang HY, Chu YY, Hua CY, Lin SW, Fung HS, Shiu HW, Chang J, Li JH, Okamoto J, Chiu CC, Chang CH, Wu WB, Perng SY, Chung SC, Kao KY, Yeh SC, Chao HY, Chen JH, Huang DJ, Chen CT. Development of the Soft X-ray AGM-AGS RIXS beamline at the Taiwan Photon Source. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:977-986. [PMID: 33950006 PMCID: PMC8127366 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521002897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report on the development of a high-resolution and highly efficient beamline for soft X-ray resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) located at the Taiwan Photon Source. This beamline adopts an optical design that uses an active grating monochromator (AGM) and an active grating spectrometer (AGS) to implement the energy compensation principle of grating dispersion. Active gratings are utilized to diminish defocus, coma and higher-order aberrations, as well as to decrease the slope errors caused by thermal deformation and optical polishing. The AGS is mounted on a rotatable granite platform to enable momentum-resolved RIXS measurements with scattering angles over a wide range. Several high-precision instruments developed in-house for this beamline are described briefly. The best energy resolution obtained from this AGM-AGS beamline was 12.4 meV at 530 eV, achieving a resolving power of 4.2 × 104, while the bandwidth of the incident soft X-rays was kept at 0.5 eV. To demonstrate the scientific impact of high-resolution RIXS, we present an example of momentum-resolved RIXS measurements on a high-temperature superconducting cuprate, i.e. La2-xSrxCuO4. The measurements reveal the A1g buckling phonons in superconducting cuprates, opening a new opportunity to investigate the coupling between these phonons and charge-density waves.
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Liggins M, O'Neill A, Li F, Seidman J, Chang J, Shafiq F, Hatta T, Gallo R. 215 Reactive adipogenesis in the perifollicular stroma is a component of the host immune response in acne. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lin D, Chang J, Banks A, Rogers J, Paller A, Xu S. 135 Comparing hydration levels in healthy normals vs. atopic dermatitis and xerosis cutis using a novel wireless, non-invasive sensor. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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