Promotional Effect and Molecular Mechanism of Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanocrystal on Zirconia Abutment Surface for Soft Tissue Sealing

Studies have confirmed that tooth loss is closely related to systemic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, some types of tumors, and Alzheimer's disease. Among many methods for tooth restoration, implant restoration is the most commonly used method. After implantation, long-term stability of implants requires not only good bone bonding but also good soft tissue sealing between implants and surrounding soft tissues. The zirconia abutment is used in clinical implant restoration treatment, but due to the strong biological inertia of zirconia, it is difficult to form stable chemical or biological bonds with surrounding tissues. In this study, we investigated synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocrystal on the zirconia abutment surface by the hydrothermal method to make it more beneficial for soft tissue early sealing and the molecular mechanism. In vitro experiments found that different hydrothermal treatment temperatures affect the formation of ZnO crystals. The crystal diameter of ZnO changes from micron to nanometer at different temperatures, and the crystal morphology also changes. In vitro, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, and real-time polymerase chain reaction results show that ZnO nanocrystal can promote the attachment and proliferation of oral epithelial cells on the surface of zirconia by promoting the binding of laminin 332 and integrin β4, regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway. In vivo, ZnO nanocrystal ultimately promotes the formation of soft tissue seals. Collectively, ZnO nanocrystal can be synthesized on a zirconia surface by hydrothermal treatment. It can help to form a seal between the implant abutment and surrounding soft tissue. This method is beneficial to the long-term stability of the implant and also can be applied to other medical fields.

Evidence of Antineutrinos from Distant Reactors Using Pure Water at SNO

The SNO+ Collaboration reports the first evidence of reactor antineutrinos in a Cherenkov detector. The nearest nuclear reactors are located 240 km away in Ontario, Canada. This analysis uses events with energies lower than in any previous analysis with a large water Cherenkov detector. Two analytical methods are used to distinguish reactor antineutrinos from background events in 190 days of data and yield consistent evidence for antineutrinos with a combined significance of 3.5σ.

[Interventional treatment and early-stage follow-up of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum]

Objective: To explore the application value of percutaneous peripheral interventional therapy in pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septal (PA-IVS). Methods: Retrospective case summary. The data was collected from 25 children who were hospitalized at the Children's Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine from August 2019 to August 2022, had been diagnosed with PA-IVS by echocardiography, and underwent interventional treatment. The sex, age, weight, operation time, radiation exposure time, and radiation dose of the patients were collected. The patients were divided into the arterial duct stenting group and the non-stenting group. Preoperative tricuspid annular diameters and Z scores, right ventricular length diameters, and right ventricular/left ventricular length-diameter ratios were compared by paired t-tests. Right ventricular systolic pressure difference, oxygen saturation, lactic acid before and after the surgery were compared for 24 children who received percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty. Right ventricular improvement in 25 children after operation was analyzed. The correlation between postoperative oxygen saturation and postoperative right ventricular systolic blood pressure difference, the degree of pulmonary valve opening and the Z value of tricuspid valve ring in the non-stenting group were analyzed. Results: A total of 25 patients with PA-IVS were enrolled in the study, of whom 19 were males and 6 females, with an age at surgery of 12 (6, 28) days and a weight of (3.7±0.5) kg. One of them underwent only stenting of the arterial duct; 20 children underwent only percutaneous pulmonary valve perforation and balloon angioplasty; 4 children underwent both procedures. The Z-value of the tricuspid ring was -1.5±1.2 in the group with arterial duct stenting, and -0.1±0.4 in the group without stenting (t=2.77, P=0.010). The tricuspid regurgitant flow rate 1 month after surgery was significantly lower than the preoperative ((3.4±0.6) vs. (4.8±0.9) m/s, t=6.62,P<0.001). In the 24 children with percutaneous pulmonary valve perforation and balloon angioplasty, the preoperative right ventricular systolic blood pressure was (110±32) mmHg, and the postoperative systolic blood pressure was (52±19) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) (F=59.55, P<0.001). The factors that may affect postoperative oxygen saturation in 20 cases of non-stenting group were analyzed. The results suggested that the pre and post-operative right ventricular systolic blood pressure differences (r=-0.11, P=0.649), and the pulmonary valve orifice opening (r=-0.31, P=0.201) and tricuspid annulus Z value (r=-0.18, P=0.452) at 1 month after the operation were not significantly correlated with the postoperative oxygen saturation. Conclusions: Interventional therapy can be used as the first choice for one-stage operation of PA-IVS. Percutaneous pulmonary valve perforation and balloon angioplasty are more suitable for children with well-developed right ventricles, tricuspid annulus, and pulmonary arteries. While the smaller the tricuspid annulus, the more dependent it is on the ductus arteriosus and thus patients are more suitable for arterial duct stenting.

CircNDST1 promotes papillary thyroid cancer progression via its interaction with CSNK2A1 to activate the PI3K-Akt pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition

BACKGROUND

Multiple studies have established a strong relationship between circRNA and cancer progression. Cervical lymph node metastasis is a key factor influencing the surgical approach and distant metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). However, the role of circNDST1 in PTC has not been investigated. Our research focused on revealing the function and mechanism of action of circNDST1 in PTC.

METHODS

High-throughput sequencing and qPCR were used to assess the expression of circRNA in PTC tissues with extensive cervical lymph node metastasis and circNDST1 in cell lines, respectively. The proliferative effects of circNDST1 in vitro and in vivo were analyzed using CCK8, clone formation assay, EdU, and nude mouse tumorigenesis assay. The transwell scratch assay was employed in the scrutiny of the effect of circNDST1 on the migration and invasion abilities of thyroid cancer cells, while circNDST1's influence on the PI3K-Akt pathway and the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) key protein expression was evaluated utilizing RNA sequencing and western blot. RNA pull-down and RIP were used to examine the binding of circNDST1 to CSNK2A1.

RESULTS

CircNDST1 was highly expressed in PTC cell lines, but knocking it down inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasive abilities of TPC1 and KTC1 cell lines. CircNDST1 bonded with CSNK2A1 and promoted the interaction between CSNK2A1 and Akt, leading to the activation of the PI3K-Akt pathway and EMT.

CONCLUSION

CircNDST1's high expression boosted thyroid cancer progression through the activation of the PI3K-Akt pathway and EMT in a CSNK2A1-dependent manner.

Microarray profiling identifies hsa_circ_0082003 as a novel tumor promoter for papillary thyroid carcinoma

BACKGROUND

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that have essential regulatory roles in the development of various tumors. This study explored whether circRNAs are involved in the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

METHODS

Differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs) in four pairs of PTC and matched normal thyroid tissues were screened using a circRNA microarray. The potential functions of dysregulated circRNAs were predicted by bioinformatic analyses. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to determine hsa_circ_0082003 expression in 80 pairs of PTC and matched normal thyroid tissues. Cell counting kit-8, colony formation, wound healing, and Transwell assays were performed to evaluate the biological functions of hsa_circ_0082003 in PTC cells. The role of hsa_circ_0082003 in PTC tumorigenesis in vivo was validated in nude mice.

RESULTS

In total, 3150 DECs (2317 upregulated and 833 downregulated) were identified. Pathway enrichment analyses indicated that the dysregulated circRNAs may play roles in PTC development. RT-qPCR validation demonstrated that hsa_circ_0082003 expression was significantly increased in PTC tissues and correlated with poor clinicopathological parameters. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that hsa_circ_0082003 had good performance for diagnosing PTC and judging whether it was accompanied by lymph node metastasis. Knockdown of hsa_circ_0082003 inhibited PTC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Tumor formation assays in vivo showed that downregulation of hsa_circ_0082003 significantly suppressed the growth of PTC.

CONCLUSION

Hsa_circ_0082003 may serve as a novel diagnostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for PTC.

Applications of functionally-adapted hydrogels in tendon repair

Despite all the efforts made in tissue engineering for tendon repair, the management of tendon injuries still poses a challenge, as current treatments are unable to restore the function of tendons following injuries. Hydrogels, due to their exceptional biocompatibility and plasticity, have been extensively applied and regarded as promising candidate biomaterials in tissue regeneration. Varieties of approaches have designed functionally-adapted hydrogels and combined hydrogels with other factors (e.g., bioactive molecules or drugs) or materials for the enhancement of tendon repair. This review first summarized the current state of knowledge on the mechanisms underlying the process of tendon healing. Afterward, we discussed novel strategies in fabricating hydrogels to overcome the issues frequently encountered during the applications in tendon repair, including poor mechanical properties and undesirable degradation. In addition, we comprehensively summarized the rational design of hydrogels for promoting stem-cell-based tendon tissue engineering via altering biophysical and biochemical factors. Finally, the role of macrophages in tendon repair and how they respond to immunomodulatory hydrogels were highlighted.

A deep neural network for parametric image reconstruction on a large axial field-of-view PET

PURPOSE

The PET scanners with long axial field of view (AFOV) having ~ 20 times higher sensitivity than conventional scanners provide new opportunities for enhanced parametric imaging but suffer from the dramatically increased volume and complexity of dynamic data. This study reconstructed a high-quality direct Patlak Ki image from five-frame sinograms without input function by a deep learning framework based on DeepPET to explore the potential of artificial intelligence reducing the acquisition time and the dependence of input function in parametric imaging.

METHODS

This study was implemented on a large AFOV PET/CT scanner (Biograph Vision Quadra) and twenty patients were recruited with ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) dynamic scans. During training and testing of the proposed deep learning framework, the last five-frame (25 min, 40-65 min post-injection) sinograms were set as input and the reconstructed Patlak Ki images by a nested EM algorithm on the vendor were set as ground truth. To evaluate the image quality of predicted Ki images, mean square error (MSE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and structural similarity index measure (SSIM) were calculated. Meanwhile, a linear regression process was applied between predicted and true Ki means on avid malignant lesions and tumor volume of interests (VOIs).

RESULTS

In the testing phase, the proposed method achieved excellent MSE of less than 0.03%, high SSIM, and PSNR of ~ 0.98 and ~ 38 dB, respectively. Moreover, there was a high correlation (DeepPET: [Formula: see text]= 0.73, self-attention DeepPET: [Formula: see text]=0.82) between predicted Ki and traditionally reconstructed Patlak Ki means over eleven lesions.

CONCLUSIONS

The results show that the deep learning-based method produced high-quality parametric images from small frames of projection data without input function. It has much potential to address the dilemma of the long scan time and dependency on input function that still hamper the clinical translation of dynamic PET.

[Treatment of orbital vascular malformations with intralesional bleomycin injection and N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate glue embolization]

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of bleomycin lavage combined with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate glue embolization and resection in the treatment of orbital vascular malformations. Methods: It was a retrospective case series study. Patients with orbital vascular malformations diagnosed at the Ophthalmology Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2018 to October 2021 were included and divided into exophthalmos group and non-exophthalmos group based on whether the patients had postural exophthalmos. Intralesional bleomycin injection and N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate glue embolization were performed. The preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, the dosages of bleomycin and isobutyl cyanoacrylate glue, pathological results, imaging findings and remission rate were recorded and analyzed. The Chi-square test, Wilcoxon signed rank analysis and Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 58 patients (58 eyes)were included, and there were 22 males (37.9%)　and 36 females (62.1%). Nineteen (32.8%) patients had postural exophthalmos, and 39 (67.2%) patients did not suffer postural exophthalmos. The patient's age of the two groups was 39.0 (28.0, 54.5) years vs. 14.0 (5.7, 26.5) years, with a statistically significant difference (Z=-3.96, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in gender, eye laterality, follow-up time and the disease course between the two groups (all P>0.05). During the operation, the dosage of bleomycin was 15 000 (13 500, 15 000) U in the exophthalmos group, and 15 000 (9 000, 16 500) U in the non-exophthalmos group (Z=-0.70, P=0.944). The dosages of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate glue were 2.8 (1.0, 3.0) ml and 1.7 (1.0, 2.2) ml, respectively, in the two groups, with no significant difference (Z=-1.11, P=0.268). There was no visual impairment in both groups, while the visual acuity in 5 patients without postural exophthalmos was improved postoperatively. The imaging examination results showed no difference in the malformed vascular area before and after the treatment in the exophthalmos group [384.0 (329.0, 458.0) mm² vs. 330.5 (271.6, 356.7) mm²; Z=-1.26, P=0.208], but a significantly decreased area after the treatment in the non-exophthalmos group [960.8 (822.1, 1058.3) mm² vs. 311.6 (164.6, 361.6) mm²; Z=-2.67, P=0.008]. All patients had no obvious local or systemic adverse reactions during the follow-up. The pathology reports showed vascular malformations in all 15 specimens obtained from the exophthalmos group, as well as vascular malformations in 41.0% (16/39) of specimens and venous lymphatic malformations in 59.0% (23/39) of specimens from the non-exophthalmos group. Thirty-nine patients had complete remission (67.2%), 19 patients had partial remission (32.8%), and the effective treatment rate was 100%. Conclusion: Bleomycin lavage combined with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate glue embolization can achieve good therapeutic effects on orbital vascular malformations.

Neonatal AKI: An update

Neonatal acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication, especially in the neonatal intensive care unit, that is associated with long term consequences and poor outcomes. Early detection and treatment is critical. Currently, neonatal AKI is defined with urinary markers and serum creatinine, with limitations on early detection and individual treatment. There have been numerous biomarkers and risk factor scores that have been studied for their ability to predict neonatal AKI. To move towards personalized medicine, neonatal AKI must be categorized into phenotypes and subphenotypes that fully encapsulate the diverse causes and specific treatments. This review aims to advance our understanding of neonatal AKI detection through the use of biomarkers, subphenotypes, and phenotypes to move towards personalized treatment strategies.

RIB induced reactions: Studying astrophysical reactions with low-energy RI beam at CRIB

Astrophysical reactions involving radioactive isotopes (RI) often play an important role in high-temperature stellar environments. The experimental studies on the reaction rates for those are still limited mainly due to the technical difficulties in producing high-quality RI beams. A direct measurement of those reactions would be still challenging in many cases, however, we can make a reliable evaluation of the reaction rates by an indirect method or by studying the resonance prorerties. Here we ntroduce recent examples of experimental studies on such RI-involving astrophysical reactions, performed at Center for Nuclear Study, the University of Tokyo, using the low-energy RI beam separator CRIB. One is for the neutron-induced destruction reactions of 7Be in the Big-Bang nucleosynthesis, and the other is the study on the 22Mg(α, p) reaction relevant in X-ray bursts, which was performed with the resonant scattering method from the inverse reaction channel.

Fracture strenght and ribbond fibers: In vitro analysis of mod restorations

Background

Ribbond fibers are supposed to be a reinforcing material in restoration of compromised teeth. This study aims to compare MOD restorations with and without Ribbond Fiber in terms of fracture strength under axial loading; to identify the minimum depth of MOD cavities to use Ribbond Fiber (to improve the fracture strength under axial load.

Material and Methods

20 upper and lower molars extracted intact were used for the experiment. The teeth were prepared with 2 types of cavities and then divided into 4 groups: 1) 5 mm deep MOD cavities with residual interaxial dentin restored without Ribbond; 2) 5 mm deep MOD cavities with residual interaxial dentin restored with Ribbond; 3) 5 mm deep MOD cavities without residual interaxial dentin, restored without Ribbond; 4) 5 mm deep MOD cavities without residual interaxial dentin restored with Ribbond. The restored teeth were then subjected to thermal cycling and their fracture strength was evaluated using an Instron device. The Mann-Whitney statistical test was used to compare fracture strength among groups. Finally, a descriptive analysis of the verified fractures was performed.

Results

There was a statistically significant difference between groups 1 and 2 (P = 0.0090) in the loading force required for a fracture. In contrast, there was no statistically significant difference between groups 3 and 4 (P = 0.7540). Groups 1 and 2 had the fewest non-restorable fractures, in contrast to groups 3 and 4.

Conclusions

Ribbond fiber application in MOD cavities seems to be more effective in terms of strengthening where cavities have interaxial dentinal tissue. Key words:Ribbond fibers, fracture strenght, direct dental restorations.

Effect of food additives on key bacterial taxa and the mucosa-associated microbiota in Crohn's disease. The ENIGMA study

Food additives have been linked to the pro-inflammatory microbial dysbiosis associated with Crohn's disease (CD) but the underlying ecological dynamics are unknown. Here, we examine how selection of food additives affects the growth of multiple strains of a key beneficial bacterium (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii), axenic clinical isolates of proinflammatory bacteria from CD patients (Proteus, Morganella, and Klebsiella spp.), and the consortia of mucosa-associated microbiota recovered from multiple Crohn's disease patients. Bacterial growth of the axenic isolates was evaluated using a habitat-simulating medium supplemented with either sodium sulfite, aluminum silicate, carrageenan, carboxymethylcellulose, polysorbate 80, saccharin, sucralose, or aspartame, intended to approximate concentrations found in food. The microbial consortia recovered from post-operative CD patient mucosal biopsy samples were challenged with either carboxymethylcellulose and/or polysorbate 80, and the bacterial communities compared to unchallenged consortia by 16S rRNA gene amplicon profiling. Growth of all F. prausnitzii strains was arrested when either sodium sulfite or polysorbate 80 was added to cultures at baseline or mid-exponential phase of growth, and the inhibitory effects on the Gram-negative bacteria by sodium sulfite were conditional on oxygen availability. The effects from polysorbate 80, saccharin, carrageenan, and/or carboxymethylcellulose on these bacteria were strain-specific. In addition to their direct effects on bacterial growth, polysorbate 80 and/or carboxymethylcellulose can drive profound changes in the CD mucosa-associated microbiota via niche expansion of Proteus and/or Veillonellaceae - both implicated in early Crohn's disease recurrence. These studies on the interaction of food additives with the enteric microbiota provide a basis for dietary management in Crohn's disease.

The m6A reader IGF2BP2 regulates glutamine metabolism and represents a therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia

N⁶-Methyladenosine (m⁶A) modification and its modulators play critical roles and show promise as therapeutic targets in human cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). IGF2BP2 was recently reported as an m⁶A binding protein that enhances mRNA stability and translation. However, its function in AML remains largely elusive. Here we report the oncogenic role and the therapeutic targeting of IGF2BP2 in AML. High expression of IGF2BP2 is observed in AML and associates with unfavorable prognosis. IGF2BP2 promotes AML development and self-renewal of leukemia stem/initiation cells by regulating expression of critical targets (e.g., MYC, GPT2, and SLC1A5) in the glutamine metabolism pathways in an m⁶A-dependent manner. Inhibiting IGF2BP2 with our recently identified small-molecule compound (CWI1-2) shows promising anti-leukemia effects in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our results reveal a role of IGF2BP2 and m⁶A modification in amino acid metabolism and highlight the potential of targeting IGF2BP2 as a promising therapeutic strategy in AML.

[Evaluation of diagnostic efficacy of digital liquid chip method for detection of specific antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies]

To explore the clinical diagnostic efficacy of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis (AAV) by comparing the consistency and coincidence rate of serum anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO) antibody and anti-protease 3 (PR3) antibody detected by digital liquid chip method (DLCM) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To provide reference for the selection of detection methods of anti-MPO antibody and anti-PR3 antibody in clinical laboratory. This study is a cross-sectional study, a total of 307 cases of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies were detected in the Department of Clinical Immunology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January to March 2021. The serum samples and related clinical information were collected. At the same time, the levels of anti-MPO antibody and anti-PR3 antibody in serum samples were detected by ELISA and DLCM, indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) was used to re-test the differential samples between the two methods. SPSS 26.0 was used to analyze the test results, Cohen's kappa coefficient analysis was used to compare the consistency of the two methods, and paired chi-square test was used to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the two methods to AAV. The results showed that the positive cases of anti-MPO antibody detected by ELISA and DLCM were 63 and 44, and the negative cases were 244 and 263; the positive cases of anti-PR3 antibody detected by ELISA and DLCM were 34 and 28, and the negative cases were 273 and 279. The results of anti-MPO antibody and anti-PR3 antibody detected by the two methods had good consistency and coincidence rate, in which the total coincidence rate of anti-MPO antibody was 92.51%, the positive coincidence rate was 66.67%, and the negative coincidence rate was 99.18%. The results of consistency analysis showed that kappa=0.741 had well consistency. The total coincidence rate of anti-PR3 antibody is 96.74%, the positive coincidence rate is 76.47%, and the negative coincidence rate is 99.27%. The consistency analysis results show that kappa=0.821 had strong consistency. The results of IIF re-test of differential samples showed that the coincidence rate between DLCM and IIF was higher. The results of comparative analysis of anti-MPO antibody and anti-PR3 antibody showed that the specificity of DLCM was better than that of ELISA, and its sensitivity was lower than that of ELISA. In conclusion, the results of anti-MPO antibody and anti-PR3 antibody detected by DLCM were consistent with those of ELISA. In the combined detection of anti-MPO antibody and anti-PR3 antibody, the specificity of DLCM is better than that of ELISA.

Microenvironmental changes co-occur with mosaic somatic clonal expansions in normal skin and esophagus tissues

The presence of somatic mutations, previously identified in cancers, are being increasingly recognized in normal tissues. While the role of microenvironment (ME) in tumor progression is well understood, the changes that occur in the microenvironment of normal tissues that harbor somatic mutations has not been systematically studied. Here, using normal RNA-Seq data accrued from 6544 samples across 27 tissue types from Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project, we studied the association of microenvironmental changes in the presence of somatic clonal expansions of previously implicated cancer genes. We focused our analysis on skin and esophagus since they have the highest number of samples and mutation burden together. We observed changes in microenvironmental cell-types previously implicated in tumor progression including endothelial cells, epithelial cells, pericytes, fibroblasts, chondrocytes, among others. The Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition (EMT) pathway is dysregulated in both skin and esophagus, along with increased hypoxia scores in samples with clonal expansions. These results suggest that microenvironmental changes play an important role in clonal expansions and potentially the initiating stages of cancer progression. Studying these changes may provide new avenues for early intervention of cancer, for targeted therapies, or enhance activities of conventional therapies.

[Orbital cellulitis secondary to odontogenic superior maxillary sinus septum infection: a case report]

A 66-year-old woman presented with recurrent erythema, swelling and pain in her right eye. She had a history of extraction of the right upper second molar 5 months ago with subsequent development of an abscess which was incised and drained 4 months ago. Orbital CT scan revealed the formation of subperiosteal sinus cavity with an abscess in the right maxillary sinus and infraorbital foramen. The diagnosis was orbital honeycombing caused by odontogenic maxillary sinus septum infection. Utilizing the anterior lacrimal recess approach under nasal endoscope,incision and drainage of ocular abscess and debridement and drainage of right orbital abscess plus partial resection of the inner wall of the jaw were performed successfully with maxillary sinus septal drainage and maxillary sinus opening. The patient improved significantly after the operation.

[Effects of pretreatment HIV drug resistance on the virological response of HIV-infected patients after 3-year antiretroviral therapy]

Objective: To investigate the impact of pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) on virological effect among HIV-infected patients having received antiretroviral therapy (ART) after three years. Methods: The baseline survey of PDR among HIV-infected patients was conducted in 2018, with a three-year follow up study. The clinic data and virological laboratory test variables were statistically analyzed. Results: Of the 2 433 participants, 41.6% (1 012/2 433) were aged between 18 and 34, 82.8% (2 015/2 433) were males, 46.9% (1 142/2 433) had education of high school or above, 22.4% (544/2 433) were farmers, 33.8% (823/2 433) were unmarried, 48.1% (1 169/2 433) were infected heterosexually and 41.3% (1 004/2 433) were with CRF07_BC. The prevalence of PDR was 4.5% (109/2 433). The prevalence of virological suppression failure (viral load ≥50 copies/ml) and drug resistance at three years follow up after ART was 8.1%(196/2 433) and 2.5%(60/2 433) respectively. The prevalence of virological suppression failure and drug resistance at three years follow up after ART were 18.3% (20/109) and 7.6% (176/2 324), and 4.6% (5/109) and 2.4% (55/2 324) among participants with PDR and non-PDR, respectively. The results of multivariate logistic regression model showed that illiteracy (aOR=3.26, 95%CI: 1.82-5.86), primary and junior high school education (aOR=1.54, 95%CI: 1.09-2.18), CD4⁺T lymphocyte count <200/μl (aOR=2.77, 95%CI: 1.75-4.37) and CD4⁺T lymphocyte count 200-499/μl (aOR=1.55, 95%CI: 1.10-2.18) at a three year follow up visit after ART, missed drugs in the past month (aOR=4.24, 95%CI: 2.92-6.17), and PDR (aOR=2.84, 95%CI: 1.67-4.85) were statistically significant with virological suppression failure on treatment. Conclusions: The prevalence of PDR in China at a low level currently, and the virological suppression failure rate is low after three years of ART. It is necessary to strengthen drug resistance monitoring of HIV-infected patients and pay attention to the influence of PDR on treatment effect.

[Efficacy and safety of different doses of antiviral agents in the treatment of herpes zoster: a meta-analysis]

Objective: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of different doses of antiviral drugs in the treatment of herpes zoster. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, VIP, CNKI and WanFang database up to April 9, 2022 were searched. Two reviewers selected the studies according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool was used for quality evaluation. Data were analyzed by Revman 5.4 software for meta-analysis. The qualitative data used relative risk (RR) as the effect index, and the quantitative data used mean difference (MD) as the effect index. The point estimates and 95%CI of each effect were given. Results: Fourteen randomized controlled trials with 1 831 patients were included in the study. Compared with the 200 mg acyclovir with five times a day, the 800 mg can improve the effective rate, shorten the blister stopping time (MD=-1.29, 95%CI:-1.62- -0.96, P<0.001), relieve the pain faster (MD=-2.73, 95%CI:-4.37- -1.09, P=0.001), shorten the scabbing time (MD=-2.42, 95%CI:-2.96- -1.89, P<0.001) without increasing the adverse reaction rate (RR=1.64, 95%CI:0.80-3.36, P=0.17); Compared with the 300 mg valaciclovir with twice daily, the 900-1 000 mg valaciclovir with three times a day can improve the effective rate(RR=1.17, 95%CI:1.04-1.32, P=0.007), shorten the blister stopping time (MD=-1.53, 95%CI:-2.54- -0.51, P=0.003), relieve the pain faster (MD=-1.04, 95%CI:-1.30- -0.77, P<0.001), shorten the scabbing time (MD=-1.78, 95%CI:-2.80- -0.76, P<0.001), reduce the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia(RR=0.28, 95%CI:0.15-0.52, P<0.001) without increasing the adverse reaction rate (RR=1.47, 95%CI:0.93-2.32, P=0.10); In immunocompromised patients, compared with 1 000 mg valaciclovir with three times a day, 2 000 mg cannot significantly improve the treatment efficacy. There was no significant difference among the efficacy of 250 mg, 500 mg and 750 mg famciclovir, three times a day, in the treatment of herpes zoster. Conclusion: The 800 mg acyclovir with five times a day; 900-1 000 mg valaciclovir and 250 mg famciclovir with three times a day, are better choices in the treatment of herpes zoster.