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Beszant B, Bird J, Gaster LM, Harper GP, Hughes I, Karran EH, Markwell RE, Miles-Williams AJ, Smith SA. Synthesis of novel modified dipeptide inhibitors of human collagenase: beta-mercapto carboxylic acid derivatives. J Med Chem 1993; 36:4030-9. [PMID: 8258825 DOI: 10.1021/jm00077a006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a series of thiol-containing, modified dipeptide inhibitors (8) of human collagenase, which incorporate various carboxylic acid derivatives at the presumed P1 position, beta to the thiol group, is described. The compounds were evaluated, in vitro, for their ability to inhibit the degradation of rat skin type 1 collagen by purified human lung fibroblast collagenase, and structure-activity relationship studies are described. Optimum potency (IC50 values in the nanomolar range) was achieved by incorporating methyl (compounds 43a, 56a, and 57ab) or benzyl esters (44a) at the P1 position. Small amides were also accommodated (e.g. primary amide 47a), but in general, increasing the size of the P1 amide substituent lowered potency. PheNHMe, TrpNHMe, and Tyr(Me)NHMe substituents were found to be approximately equipotent P2'-residues. The results of testing all four diastereoisomers 56a-d of the compound with (S)-TrpNHMe at the P2' position indicated that the S,S,S diastereoisomer 56a possessed highest potency (IC50 2.5 nM) and that the second most potent diastereoisomer was 56d (IC50 12 nM) with the R,R,S configuration. It appeared that the orientation of the P1' and the thiol-bearing centers to each other is a more critical influence on potency than any absolute stereochemical requirements. It is suggested that the high potency of the beta-mercapto carboxylic acid derivatives may be a consequence of bidentate coordination of the thiol and carbonyl groups to the active-site zinc ion in the collagenase enzyme.
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Bird AF, De Ley P, Bird J. Morphology, Oviposition, and Embryogenesis in an Australian Population of Acrobeloides nanus. J Nematol 1993; 25:607-615. [PMID: 19279817 PMCID: PMC2619437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A population of Acrobeloides nanus in Australia is described and illustrated, based on light and scanning electron microscopy. Embryogenesis from egg laying to hatching is followed over a wide range of temperatures. At 15 C, hatching occurs in about 125 hours and at 35 and 37.5 C after about 40 hours. At 40 C, egg development ceases early in cleavage. The capacity of A. nanus to develop over such a range of temperatures, and its anhydrobiotic capabilities, are discussed in relation to its survival and wide distribution in Australia.
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MacDermott M, Doolan C, Keenan AK, Twomey C, Doyle M, Kirby F, McDonald N, McShane AJ, Deasy PB, Boles MG, Donnellan MF, Hilton AK, Wall M, Horan R, Houghton JA, Southey A, O’Connor CM, Fitzgerald MX, Scott TG, Fitzgerald MF, Hegarty V, Keane CT, Coakley D, Moran AP, Walsh EJ, Hickey K, Monkhouse S, Folan-Curran J, Caulfield B, Garrett M, Lowe AS, Baxter GD, Walsh DM, Allen JM, Lawlor M, Farrelly C, O’Boyle KM, O’Connell A, Earley B, Leonard BE, Han B, Kelly JP, O’Donnell JM, O’Neill M, Song C, Sherphard RA, Leslie JC, Toal L, Wedlock P, Yeruva N, O’Donovan DJ, Craig JA, Fegan JA, Kent A, Atkinson PRT, Peake J, Thornbury KD, Campion DP, Leek BF, Bird J, Carroll C. Royal academy of medicine in Ireland section of biomedical sciences. Ir J Med Sci 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02942170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Antebi D, Bird J. The facilitation and evocation of seizures. A questionnaire study of awareness and control. Br J Psychiatry 1993; 162:759-64. [PMID: 8330108 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.162.6.759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The finding that seizures can be precipitated in some epileptic patients by stimuli which originate from outside the central nervous system is not new. The influence of psychological changes on seizure frequency has, however, been much more difficult to determine. Patients who become aware of such associations may gain some control over their seizures. One hundred randomly selected out-patients with epilepsy were asked about their awareness of such associations and whether, as a consequence, they believed they had any control of their seizures. Ninety-two reported associations between seizures and facilitators or precipitants. The group who had made associations between independent states or stimuli and their seizures were more likely to have poorly controlled seizures and to be taking more anticonvulsants. Many had used this knowledge to control their seizures.
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Bird J, Hall A, Maguire P, Heavy A. Workshops for consultants on the teaching of clinical communication skills. MEDICAL EDUCATION 1993; 27:181-185. [PMID: 8336565 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.1993.tb00250.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A group of senior medical school staff concerned about the short-lived effects of communication training formed the Medical Interview Teaching Association. They felt that communication training needed to be reinforced throughout the curriculum and that this would need active involvement by large numbers of consultants. To achieve this they planned a series of workshops. Seventeen consultants and eight other senior staff agreed to participate in the pilot workshop. This was a 3 1/2-day residential workshop. The structure was adapted from a 'faculty development' model used successfully in the USA. Participants worked mostly in small groups helped by experienced facilitators. The teaching style was learner centred and therefore the details of the problem-based agenda and the choice of working methods were largely determined by the participants themselves. There were also some conventional lectures and demonstrations. Evaluation was by postal questionnaire 2 weeks later. This requested both qualitative comments and Likert scale ratings about every aspect of process and outcome. Most responses were strongly positive. Participants felt they made good progress in developing new skills and new curriculum ideas. They also felt more motivated and self-aware as teachers. The learner-centred approach and the diversity of learning activities were seen as very useful. The unstructured approach to self-awareness training was felt to be less useful. It is concluded that such workshops could well lead to more effective communication training and may also have wider implications for medical education.
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Cohen-Cole SA, Boker J, Bird J, Folks D, Raczynski J, Hain J, Palmer R, Lorish C, Freeman A. Psychiatric education improves internists' knowledge: a three-year randomized, controlled evaluation. Psychosom Med 1993; 55:212-8. [PMID: 8475236 DOI: 10.1097/00006842-199303000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Trainees were randomized into four groups: (1) control; (2) consult; (3) liaison; or (4) consult-plus-liaison to evaluate the psychiatric knowledge gained after two different training programs for primary care residents. Consult was a 1-month rotation on the Psychiatry Consultation Service. Liaison consisted of 31-hour workshops over 1 year. Consult-plus-Liaison refers to both training programs, experienced in consecutive years. An oral examination was administered before and after training. The analysis of variance and tests of simple effects revealed significant training effects for both groups. The effect size of training was greater for residents exposed to both programs, compared with either one alone. The two different training programs were both effective in improving the psychiatric knowledge of primary care residents and exposure to both programs proved superior to either one alone.
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Bird J. Developing Communication and Counselling Skills in Medicine. Postgrad Med J 1992. [DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.68.804.845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Bird J. Helping Billy move on. NURSING TIMES 1992; 88:42-4. [PMID: 1502080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Armstrong D, Bird J, Fry J, Armstrong P. Perceptions of psychological problems in general practice: a comparison of general practitioners and psychiatrists. Fam Pract 1992; 9:173-6. [PMID: 1505706 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/9.2.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
All general practitioners and psychiatrists working in a single health district were sent a questionnaire on their perceptions of the prevalence of psychological problems among patients consulting in general practice. One hundred and twenty-one GPs (75%) and 10 (83%) psychiatrists responded. GPs and psychiatrists agreed that up to 20% of consulting patients were likely to be clinically depressed; they also agreed on the most appropriate management, although GPs tended to be more conservative than psychiatrists would advise on making use of hospital services. GPs, however, believed non-specific psychological problems to be significantly less common than did psychiatrists. This expectation may help explain the reported failure of GPs to diagnose all psychological problems identified by formal psychiatric instruments.
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Abstract
Despite the fact that environmental factors have been demonstrated to be important in the genesis of seizures in people with epilepsy, such factors have received scant attention in the education of clinicians or in the provision of services for managing patients with epilepsy. This paper reviews the history of, and literature about, reflex epilepsy, with particular reference to seizures which occur in response to psychological states or stimuli, and discusses the possible implications for management, and the rationale for the use of psychological interventions which may complement drug treatments in the management of epilepsy.
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Bird J. Epilepsy--brain and mind. WEST OF ENGLAND MEDICAL JOURNAL 1991; 106:95-6. [PMID: 1820088 PMCID: PMC5115082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Porcari J, Sierzant M, Bird J, Herrewig T, Olson P. CHANGES IN ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION LEVELS OF CABG PATIENTS FOLLOWING A CLINIC OR HOME-BASED PHASE II CARDIAC REHABILITATION PROGRAM. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1097/00008483-199109000-00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bird J. In Search of a Free Launch. Science 1991; 253:849. [PMID: 17751811 DOI: 10.1126/science.253.5022.849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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91
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Ellisen LW, Bird J, West DC, Soreng AL, Reynolds TC, Smith SD, Sklar J. TAN-1, the human homolog of the Drosophila notch gene, is broken by chromosomal translocations in T lymphoblastic neoplasms. Cell 1991; 66:649-61. [PMID: 1831692 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90111-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1265] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Previously we described joining of DNA in the beta T cell receptor gene to DNA of an uncharacterized locus in a t(7;9)(q34;q34.3) chromosomal translocation from a case of human T lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). We now show that the locus on chromosome 9 contains a gene highly homologous to the Drosophila gene Notch. Transcripts of the human gene, for which we propose the name TAN-1, and its murine counterpart are present in many normal human fetal and adult mouse tissues, but are most abundant in lymphoid tissues. In t(7;9)(q34;q34.3) translocations from three cases of T-ALL, the breakpoints occur within 100 bp of an intron in TAN-1, resulting in truncation of TAN-1 transcripts. These observations suggest that TAN-1 may be important for normal lymphocyte function and that alteration of TAN-1 may play a role in the pathogenesis of some T cell neoplasms.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Chromosome Aberrations/genetics
- Chromosome Disorders
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA/genetics
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Morphogenesis
- Oligonucleotides/chemistry
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptor, Notch1
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta
- Receptors, Cell Surface
- Restriction Mapping
- Transcription Factors
- Transcription, Genetic
- Translocation, Genetic
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Bird J. British Ferrets Go Hungry. Science 1991; 253:27. [PMID: 17749900 DOI: 10.1126/science.253.5015.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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95
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Bird J. Britain Picks Wrong Way To Beat the Japanese. Science 1991; 252:1248. [PMID: 17842941 DOI: 10.1126/science.252.5010.1248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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96
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Shaw JP, Kent K, Bird J, Fishback J, Froehler B. Modified deoxyoligonucleotides stable to exonuclease degradation in serum. Nucleic Acids Res 1991; 19:747-50. [PMID: 1850122 PMCID: PMC333706 DOI: 10.1093/nar/19.4.747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Unmodified deoxyoligonucleotides are rapidly degraded in serum-containing medium. Utilizing internally labelled deoxyoligonucleotides the deoxyribonuclease profile for fetal calf serum and human serum was determined. It was found that the predominate nuclease activity in both systems was 3' exonuclease. Deoxyoligonucleotides are protected from exonuclease degradation in sera and cell media by simple terminal modifications that maintain high binding activity for the complementary DNA sequence.
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Mackenzie JW, Bird J. Timolol: a non-sedative anxiolytic premedicant for day cases. BMJ (CLINICAL RESEARCH ED.) 1989; 298:363-4. [PMID: 2493936 PMCID: PMC1835732 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.298.6670.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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100
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Mackenzie JW, Bird J. Anxiety and informed consent. Anaesthesia 1989; 44:171. [PMID: 2564748 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1989.tb11192.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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