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Bernal J, Martin-Hernandez R, Diego JC, Nozal MJ, Gozalez-Porto AV, Bernal JL, Higes M. An exposure study to assess the potential impact of fipronil in treated sunflower seeds on honey bee colony losses in Spain. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2011; 67:1320-1331. [PMID: 21548002 DOI: 10.1002/ps.2188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is great concern about the high losses and strong depopulation of honey bee colonies in some areas of Spain. Some beekeepers have suggested that sunflower seeds treated with the insecticide fipronil could be an important factor in causing those losses. Therefore, an in-depth field study has been carried out in two regions of Spain where sunflower production is intense (Cuenca and Andalucía) and where, for some crops and varieties, fipronil has been used as seed insecticide. RESULTS Samples of adult bees and pollen were analysed for bee pathogens and pesticide residues respectively. Neither fipronil residues nor its metabolites were detected in any of the samples analysed, indicating that short-term or chronic exposure of bees to fipronil and/or its metabolites can be ruled out in the apiaries surveyed. Varroa destructor and Nosema ceranae were found to be very prevalent. CONCLUSION The combination of the two pathogens could augment the risk of colony death in infected colonies, without fipronil residues exerting a significant effect in the given field conditions. Indeed, in this study the losses observed in apiaries located close to sunflower crops were similar to those in apiaries situated in forested areas with wild vegetation.
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Soto ME, Ares AM, Bernal J, Nozal MJ, Bernal JL. Simultaneous determination of tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenic and xanthurenic acids in honey by liquid chromatography with diode array, fluorescence and tandem mass spectrometry detection. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:7592-600. [PMID: 21782182 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.06.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography method using diode array-fluorescence detection and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-FLD and LC-APCI-MS/MS) was developed to quantify the levels of tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic (KYNA) and xanthurenic (XA) acids in honey. This procedure involved isolating the compounds of interest via solid-phase extraction (SPE) with mixed-mode polymeric cartridges. Chromatographic separation of the analytes was performed in isocratic mode on a Synergi 4μ Hydro-RP 80 Å (150×4.60 mm i.d.) analytical column at 30 °C. The mobile phase of 20mM ammonium formate (pH 4) and methanol was passed at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. In replicate sets of spiked honey samples, the average analyte recoveries ranged from 60 to 98% for TRP, 55 to 120% for KYN, 65 to 106.5 for KYNA and 56 to 114% for XA. Detection limits ranged from 4 to 36 μg/kg for LC-DAD-FLD to 0.2 and 1.0 μg/kg for LC-APCI-MS/MS. A strong matrix effect was found when MS/MS was employed, necessitating calibration using the standard addition method on matrix-matched standards for each honey type. The method was used to quantify each of the compounds of interest in 17 honey samples of distinct botanical origins.
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Toribio L, del Nozal M, Bernal J, Bernal J, Martín M. Study of the enantiomeric separation of an acetamide intermediate by using supercritical fluid chromatography and several polysaccharide based chiral stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:4886-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bernal J, Martín MT, Toribio L, Martín-Hernández R, Higes M, Bernal JL, Nozal MJ. Determination of tylosins A, B, C and D in bee larvae by liquid chromatography coupled to ion trap-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:1596-604. [PMID: 21498134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A LC-MS/MS method has been developed to simultaneously quantify tylosins A, B, C and D in bee larvae, compounds currently used to treat one of the most lethal diseases affecting honey bees around the world, American Foulbrood (AFB). The influence of different aqueous media, temperature and light exposure on the stability of these four compounds was studied. The analytes were extracted from bee larvae with methanol and chromatographic separation was achieved on a Luna C(18) (150 × 4.6 mm i.d.) using a ternary gradient composed of a diluted formic acid, methanol and acetonitrile mobile phase. To facilitate sampling, bee larvae were initially dried at 60°C for 4h and afterwards, they were diluted to avoid problems of pressure. MSD-Ion Trap detection was employed with electrospray ionization (ESI). The calibration curves were linear over a wide range of concentrations and the method was validated as sensitive, precise and accurate within the limits of quantification (LOQ, 1.4-4.0 ng/g). The validated method was successfully employed to study bee larvae in field tests of bee hives treated with two formulations containing tylosin. In both cases it was evident that the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) had been reached.
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Arnáiz E, Bernal J, Martín MT, García-Viguera C, Bernal JL, Toribio L. Supercritical fluid extraction of lipids from broccoli leaves. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201000407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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81
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Bernal J, Garrido-Bailón E, Del Nozal MJ, González-Porto AV, Martín-Hernández R, Diego JC, Jiménez JJ, Bernal JL, Higes M. Overview of pesticide residues in stored pollen and their potential effect on bee colony (Apis mellifera) losses in Spain. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2010; 103:1964-1971. [PMID: 21309214 DOI: 10.1603/ec10235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, an increase in honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colony losses has been reported in several countries. The causes of this decline are still not clear. This study was set out to evaluate the pesticide residues in stored pollen from honey bee colonies and their possible impact on honey bee losses in Spain. In total, 1,021 professional apiaries were randomly selected. All pollen samples were subjected to multiresidue analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS) and liquid chromatography-MS; moreover, specific methods were applied for neonicotinoids and fipronil. A palynological analysis also was carried out to confirm the type of foraging crop. Pesticide residues were detected in 42% of samples collected in spring, and only in 31% of samples collected in autumn. Fluvalinate and chlorfenvinphos were the most frequently detected pesticides in the analyzed samples. Fipronil was detected in 3.7% of all the spring samples but never in autumn samples, and neonicotinoid residues were not detected. More than 47.8% of stored pollen samples belonged to wild vegetation, and sunflower (Heliantus spp.) pollen was only detected in 10.4% of the samples. A direct relation between pesticide residues found in stored pollen samples and colony losses was not evident accordingly to the obtained results. Further studies are necessary to determine the possible role of the most frequent and abundant pesticides (such as acaricides) and the synergism among them and with other pathogens more prevalent in Spain.
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Bernal J, Bernal JL, Martin MT, Nozal MJ, Anadón A, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Martínez MA. Development and validation of a liquid chromatography-fluorescence-mass spectrometry method to measure glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in rat plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:3290-6. [PMID: 21106459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and fast method has been developed and validated to measure glyphosate (GLYP) and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in rat plasma based on reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled to fluorescence (FLD) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) detection. After protein precipitation with acetonitrile, GLYP and AMPA were derivatized with 9-fluorenylmethylchloroformate (FMOC-Cl) and then separated on a C(12) column (250mm×4.60mm i.d.) using a gradient of an ammonium formate (20mM, pH 8.5) and acetonitrile mobile phase. Selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode of the MS was used to obtain maximum sensitivity when quantifying GLYP and AMPA. The validation shows the method to be consistent and reliable, with an intra- and inter-day precision for GLYP and AMPA>9% for both detectors. For both compounds the accuracy ranged from 2.1% to 7.8% for the intra-day readings, and from 4.1% to 8.6% for the inter-day values. The efficacy of GLYP extraction ranged from 87% to 93% and it was between 76% and 88% for AMPA. Moreover, the limits of quantification (LOQ) for GLYP and AMPA were 5 and 10ng/mL, respectively with FLD, and 0.4 and 2ng/mL with ESI-MS. The method was successfully applied to simultaneously measure both compounds in rat plasma samples several days after oral administration of glyphosate.
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Herrero M, Bernal J, Velasco D, Elvira C, Cifuentes A. Connections between structure and performance of four cationic copolymers used as physically adsorbed coatings in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:7586-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kiernan TJ, Yan BP, Ruggiero N, Eisenberg JD, Bernal J, Cubeddu RJ, Witzke C, Don C, Cruz-Gonzalez I, Rosenfield K, Pomersantev E, Palacios I. Coronary artery perforations in the contemporary interventional era. J Interv Cardiol 2010; 22:350-3. [PMID: 19453819 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8183.2009.00469.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary perforations represent a serious complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of documented coronary perforations at Massachusetts General Hospital from 2000 to 2008. Medical records review and detailed angiographic analysis were performed in all patients. RESULTS Sixty-eight cases of coronary perforation were identified from a total of 14,281 PCIs from March 2000 to March 2008 representing an overall incidence of 0.48%. The study cohort was predominantly male (61.8%), mean age 71+/-11 years with 78% representing acute cases (unstable angina: 36.8%, NSTEMI: 30.9%, STEMI: 10.3%). Coronary artery perforation occurred as a complication of wire manipulation in 45 patients (66.2%) with 88.9% of this group being hydrophilic wires, of coronary stenting in 11 (16.2%), of angioplasty alone in 6 (8.8%), and of rotational atherectomy in 8 (11.8%). The perforation was sealed with an angioplasty balloon alone in 16 patients (23.5%), and with stents in 14 patients (20.6%) (covered stents: 11.8% and noncovered stents: 8.8%). Emergency CABG was performed in 2 patients (2.9%). Five patients (7.4%) developed periprocedural MI. The in-hospital mortality rate was 5.9% in the study cohort. CONCLUSION Coronary artery perforation as a complication of PCI is still rare as demonstrated in our series with an incidence of 0.48%. The predominant cause of coronary perforations in the current era of PCI is wire injury.
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Prieto-Corona B, Rodríguez-Camacho M, Silva-Pereyra J, Marosi E, Bernal J, Yáñez G, Guerrero V, Luviano L, Hernández M, Rodríguez H. Current sources of the event-related potentials (ERP) during arithmetic fact retrieval: Differences among children and adults. Int J Psychophysiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2010.06.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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86
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Romero H, Yáñez G, Bernal J, Fernández T. Event-related potentials (ERP) to attention and behavior inhibition in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Int J Psychophysiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2010.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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87
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Bobadilla J, Serradilla F, Bernal J. A new collaborative filtering metric that improves the behavior of recommender systems. Knowl Based Syst 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.knosys.2010.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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88
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Higes M, Martín-Hernández R, Martínez-Salvador A, Garrido-Bailón E, González-Porto AV, Meana A, Bernal JL, Del Nozal MJ, Bernal J. A preliminary study of the epidemiological factors related to honey bee colony loss in Spain. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2010; 2:243-250. [PMID: 23766075 DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2009.00099.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a worldwide decline in the Apis mellifera populations has been detected in many regions, including Spain. This decline is thought to be related to the effects of pathogens or pesticides, although to what extent these factors are implicated is still not clear. In this study, we estimated the prevalence of honey bee colony depopulation symptoms in a random selected sample (n = 61) and we explored the implication of different pathogens, pesticides and the flora visited in the area under study. The prevalence of colony depopulation symptoms in the professional apiaries studied was 67.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 54.6-79.8; P < 0.0001]. The most prevalent pathogen found in the worker honey bee samples was Nosema ceranae[65.6%; 95% CI = 52.8-78.3; P < 0.0001], followed by Varroa destructor[32.7%; 95% CI = 20.2-45.4; P < 0.0001] and 97.5% of the colonies infected by N. ceranae were unhealthy (depopulated). Co-infection by V. destructor and N. ceranae was evident in 22.9% (95% CI = 11.6-34.3; P < 0.0001) of the samples and only in unhealthy colonies. Of the 40 pesticides studied, only nine were detected in 49% of the stored pollen samples analysed. Fipronil was detected in only three of 61 stored pollen samples and imidacloprid was not detected in any. Acaricides like fluvalinate, and chlorfenvinphos used to control Varroa mite were the most predominant residues in the stored pollen, probably as a result of their application in homemade formulae. None of the pesticides identified were statistically associated to colony depopulated. This preliminary study of epidemiological factors suggests that N. ceranae is a key factor in the colony losses detected over recent years in Spain. However, more detailed studies that permit subgroup analyses will be necessary to contrast these findings.
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Jiménez JJ, Bernal JL, Nozal MJ, Toribio L, Bernal J. Profile and relative concentrations of fatty acids in corn and soybean seeds from transgenic and isogenic crops. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7288-95. [PMID: 19716136 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Revised: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this work 44 fatty acids, which were analyzed as methyl esters by GC/MS in scan mode, have been determined in genetically modified corn and soybean seeds. Their relative concentrations have been compared with those of isogenic lines grown in the same conditions. Studied compounds comprised saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, including cis/trans isomers and minor fatty acids. A classical soxhlet extraction and an accelerated solvent extraction have been assayed to extract the fatty compounds from seeds and the GC separation has been carried out on a biscyanopropylpolysiloxane chromatographic column. Soxhlet extraction was selected as the most convenient and applied to compare the samples. Specific compounds, which could denote the origin of the crop have not been observed, but for some sample pairs, significant differences have been found in relation to the percentage of certain acids; the highest differences for major acids were 4.1% in corn and 4.8% in soybean. The concentrations of long chain acids such as 24:0, 26:0 and 28:0 were higher in some isogenic lines whereas the concentrations of short chain acids such as 6:0, 8:0, 9:0, 10:0 and 12:0 were higher in their transgenic counterparts.
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Bernal J, Nozal MJ, Jiménez JJ, Martín MT, Sanz E. A new and simple method to determine trace levels of sulfonamides in honey by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7275-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2009] [Revised: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bernal J, Sánchez-Hernández L, Elvira C, Velasco D, Ibáñez E, Cifuentes A. Poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide-co-4-(ethyl)-morpholine methacrylamide) copolymer as coating for CE. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:605-12. [PMID: 19160371 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a new physically adsorbed coating for CE is presented. This coating is based on a poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide-co-4-(ethyl)-morpholine methacrylamide) (DMA/MAEM) copolymer synthesized in our laboratory. It is demonstrated that the direction and magnitude of the EOF in CE can be modulated by varying the composition of the DMA/MAEM copolymer and the type and pH of the BGE. Moreover, the DMA/MAEM coating provides %RSD(n) = 5 values for migration times lower than 0.9% for the same capillary and day, whereas the %RSD(n) = 25 obtained for the interday assay was lower than 2.9%. The stability of the coating procedure is also tested between capillaries obtaining %RSD(n) = 15 values lower than 2.9%, demonstrating that this physically adsorbed copolymer gives rise to a stable and reproducible coating in CE. Finally, the usefulness of this new cationic copolymer as CE coating is demonstrated through different applications. Namely, it is demonstrated that the CE separation of basic proteins, nucleotides and organic acids is achieved in a fast and easy way by using the DMA/MAEM coated capillary. The use of fused bare silica capillaries did not allow the separation of these compounds under the same analytical conditions. These results demonstrate that this type of coating in CE provides the option of using BGEs that are useless when utilized together with bare silica capillaries making wider the application and possibilities of this analytical technique.
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Bernal J, Rodríguez-Meizoso I, Elvira C, Ibáñez E, Cifuentes A. Fast and easy coating for capillary electrophoresis based on a physically adsorbed cationic copolymer. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1204:104-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2008] [Revised: 07/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Prieto-Corona B, Rodriguez-Camacho M, Silva-Pereyra J, Marosi E, Fernandez T, Bernal J, Yanez G, Luviano L, Romero H, Guerrero V, Rodriguez H. Arithmetic and semantic priming: An event-related potentials (ERP) study in normal and reading/arithmetic disabled children. Int J Psychophysiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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94
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Bernal J, Rodriguez-Camacho M, Yanez G, Prieto B, Silva-Pereyra J, Marosi E, Luviano L, Hernбndez-Balderas M, Guerrero V, Rodriguez H. ERP in normal and poor readers children: A study of three attentional level tasks. Int J Psychophysiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Silva-Pereyra J, Bernal J, Rodriguez M, Yanez G, Prieto B, Luviano L, Hernandez-Balderas M, Marosi E, Guerrero V, Rodriguez H. Neuroimaging of attention deficiencies in poor readers. Int J Psychophysiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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96
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Marosi E, Bernal J, Prieto B, Yacez G, Rodriguez M, Silva J, Rodriguez H, Guerrero V, Luviano L. EEG spectral power values during the presentation of the international affective pictures. Int J Psychophysiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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97
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Rodriguez-Camacho M, Prieto-Corona B, Silva-Pereyra J, Bernal J, Marosi E, Yanez G, Luviano L, Guerrero V, Rodriguez H. Event-related potentials (ERP) study of arithmetic priming: Comparison between children and adults. Int J Psychophysiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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98
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Nozal M, Bernal J, Martín M, Bernal J, Álvaro A, Martín R, Higes M. Trace analysis of fumagillin in honey by liquid chromatography-diode array–electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1190:224-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2007] [Revised: 02/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Márquez-Gamiño S, Sotelo F, Sosa M, Caudillo C, Holguín G, Ramos M, Mesa F, Bernal J, Córdova T. Pulsed electromagnetic fields induced femoral metaphyseal bone thickness changes in the rat. Bioelectromagnetics 2008; 29:406-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.20396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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100
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Jiménez JJ, Bernal JL, del Nozal MJ, Toribio L, Bernal J. Detection of beeswax adulterations using concentration guide-values. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200600308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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