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Abstract
Prejunctional neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptors that inhibit the contractions evoked in rat and rabbit vas deferens by field stimulation were investigated by using NPY, [Leu31,Pro34]NPY and the fragments, NPY-(13-36) and NPY-(18-36). NPY, and especially [Leu31,Pro34]NPY, were more potent agonists on the twitch response of the rabbit vas deferens. In contrast the NPY C-terminal fragments, NPY-(13-36) and NPY-(18-36), inhibited the twitch response at lower concentrations in the rat vas deferens. These results indicate that distinct NPY receptor subtypes mediate the biological effect in these two tissues. We suggest that prejunctional receptors in the rat vas deferens are of the Y2-subtype and those in rabbit vas deferens of the Y1-subtype.
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153
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Krause J, Herth T, Maier W, Steiger A, Schöneich S, Benkert O. An interdisciplinary study towards a multiaxial classification of male sexual dysfunction. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1991; 84:130-6. [PMID: 1950606 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1991.tb03116.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The classification of male sexual dysfunction (SD) was investigated in a multidisciplinary study involving a sample of 25 outpatients whose phenomenology, course and biologic comorbidity is described. All 25 patients were suffering from arousal disorders; 9 men complained of lack of desire and 9 of orgasm disorders. For the vast majority (19/25), the arousal disorder preceded the other sexual dysfunctions. Eleven patients suffered from a psychopathological disorder according to DSM-III or DSM-III-R (Axis I and II), with general anxiety, major depression and obsessive-compulsive personality being the most common disorders. Only 6 patients were free of any organic disorder or pathological laboratory finding known to be related to sexual dysfunction. These results served as the basis for analyzing the fit of our data in the most prominent classification systems DSM-III, DSM-III-R, Mainz multiaxial classification model and the traditional dichotomy model. According to our data, the comorbidity of biologic and mental conditions was very high, as most patients (60%) suffered from more than one etiologic factor known to be related to SD. Based on these results, a modification of the DSM-III-R system is suggested.
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154
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Gottlieb B, Kleber M, Krause J. Tunneling from a 3-dimensional quantum well in an electric field: an analytic solution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01282950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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155
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Seydel W, Stang E, Roos N, Krause J. Endocytosis of the recombinant tissue plasminogen activator alteplase by hepatic endothelial cells. ARZNEIMITTEL-FORSCHUNG 1991; 41:182-6. [PMID: 1904231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The glycoprotein tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA, alteplase, CAS 105857-23-6) is a serine protease consisting of 527 amino acids and can activate plasminogen to plasmin, which subsequently dissolves the fibrin network of a thrombus. This activation occurs selectively on the thrombus, making recombinant t-PA a very effective agent in the treatment of thromboembolic disorders. t-PA has a short in vivo half-life and is rapidly removed from the circulation by the liver. The catabolism of t-PA involves receptor-mediated endocytosis and intracellular degradation in several cell types of the liver namely hepatic endothelial, parenchymal and Kupffer cells. Liver endothelial cells have been reported to possess a specific uptake system for t-PA based on the recognition of the high mannose carbohydrate structures on Asn117. To further elucidate the involvement of the mannose receptor on sinusoidal endothelial cells in the hepatic catabolism of t-PA and to identify the mechanisms involved, biochemical as well as electron microscopic studies were performed. The biochemical studies revealed that the removal of the mannose side chain in t-PA significantly reduced its clearance and degradation in isolated perfused livers. The binding of t-PA to preparations of primary hepatocytes and liver cell membranes could not be competed for by various sugars and glycoproteins, and was not dependent on the presence of carbohydrates on the molecule. This ruled out a major relevance of the sugar moieties of t-PA in its recognition by liver cells that were not of endothelial origin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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156
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Tanswell P, Heinzel G, Greischel A, Krause J. Nonlinear pharmacokinetics of tissue-type plasminogen activator in three animal species and isolated perfused rat liver. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1990; 255:318-24. [PMID: 2120422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) is cleared rapidly from the circulation via hepatic catabolism, but the capacity of this process is unknown. In this study, increasing doses of human t-PA were administered to rats, rabbits and marmoset monkeys, and in an isolated perfused rat liver system. t-PA concentrations in plasma and perfusate were analyzed pharmacokinetically using procedures in which nonlinear multicompartment models with Michaelis-Menten elimination were fitted to data sets from all doses simultaneously for each species. Elimination of t-PA was saturable, with Km = 12-15 micrograms/ml and Vmax = 200-350 micrograms/ml/hr in vivo. In isolated rat liver, t-PA elimination capacity was considerably reduced, with Km = 1.5 micrograms/ml and Vmax = 3.7 micrograms/ml/hr. At nonsaturating doses, plasma clearance in vivo was 18-23 ml/min/kg and the dominant half-life was 1.1-2.4 min, compared with 8 ml/min/kg and 4.4 min, respectively, in humans; rat liver perfusate clearance was 0.29 ml/min/g. It is concluded that disposition kinetics of t-PA are very similar across species, extrahepatic clearance may be significant in vivo and clearance capacity becomes limited only at plasma concentrations far in excess of clinical therapeutic values. Nonlinearity is, however, of practical significance in liver perfusion and in animal pharmacology studies utilizing high t-PA doses.
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157
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Krause J, Seydel W, Heinzel G, Tanswell P. Different receptors mediate the hepatic catabolism of tissue-type plasminogen activator and urokinase. Biochem J 1990; 267:647-52. [PMID: 2160232 PMCID: PMC1131346 DOI: 10.1042/bj2670647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and urokinase (u-PA) are proteins with partial structural similarity and which are of importance in the therapy of thrombotic diseases. Both are known to be cleared from the circulation in vivo by uptake in the liver. The present study investigated whether the hepatic catabolism of u-PA and t-PA is mediated by a common receptor system. Four experimental protocols of increasing complexity were used: hepatocyte plasma membranes, isolated primary hepatocytes, liver perfusion and whole animals. For t-PA, a specific high-affinity binding site to hepatocytes and plasma membranes could be defined with a mean Kd of 4 +/- 3 nM, whereas the Kd for u-PA was less than 300 nM. Binding of t-PA could not be competed for by u-PA, and vice versa. Furthermore, clearance of t-PA in isolated perfused rat livers and in rabbits in vivo was 3-fold higher than that of u-PA, and a 50-100-fold molar excess of u-PA failed to inhibit clearance of t-PA in either system, and vice versa. Taken together, the results imply that hepatic elimination of t-PA and u-PA is mediated by distinct receptor systems of differing affinity.
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158
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von der Leyen H, Trappe HJ, Daniel WG, Amende I, Krause J, Lichtlen PR. [Acute anterior wall infarct with intractable ventricular fibrillation: successful therapy by recanalization of a left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KARDIOLOGIE 1990; 79:203-7. [PMID: 2353505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A 35-year-old male patient was admitted to the intensive care unit of a community hospital with an acute anterior myocardial infarction complicated by initial recurrent episodes of ventricular fibrillation and successful resuscitation. Persistent malignant ventricular arrhythmias during the following days necessitated external defibrillation approximately 250 times. The patient was transferred to the Hannover Medical School, where the occluded left anterior descending coronary artery was successfully recanalized. Eight days later, the malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias ceased and after 59 days of hospitalization the patient could be discharged in stable condition.
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159
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Krause J. [Disorders of neuromuscular function and respiration]. Pneumologie 1990; 44 Suppl 1:131-6. [PMID: 2195504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neuromuscular disorders of varying aetiology frequently lead to respiratory failure. This situation contrasts with the rare application of suitable tests of pulmonary function in this group of patients. As a result, respiratory complications are not detected until they have progressed to a terminal stage. With the sequential measurement of vital capacity, and a determination of the maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures (PImax and PEmax), we have reliable and practicable diagnostic measures available that permit the recognition of respiratory failure at an early stage. This fact is of particular importance, since the application of modern ventilation techniques in suitable patients can make a substantial contribution towards both improving the patient's quality of life and prolonging it.
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160
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Hamm M, Krause J, Felsmann M, Barnstorf D, Kothe R, Fabel H. [A computerized processing unit for ambulatory diagnosis of sleep apnea and nocturnal hypoxemia]. Pneumologie 1990; 44 Suppl 1:627-8. [PMID: 2195533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A new mobile device for the evaluation of the sleep-apnoea-syndrome in outpatients prior to conventional polysomnography, processes and stores the oronasal airflow detected by a thermistor, and the heart rate and oxygen saturation in a microprocessor unit. The major problem in on-line data processing of these variables is the interpretation of the thermistor signal for correct apnoea detection. This preliminary study investigates the reliability of the computer algorithm by control of the automatic airflow assessment. With a sensitivity of 97.3% the algorithm proved to be extreme reliable. Combined with the detection of heart rate and oxygen saturation it provides the capacity for comprehensive analysis of cardiorespiratory events and appears to be suitable for application in an outpatient setting.
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161
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Krause J, Umland F. Quantitative Bestimmungen mittels cyclischer Voltammetrie an der Phasengrenze zweier mischbarer Elektrolytl�sungen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01204089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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162
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Krause J, Hamm M, Felsmann M, Fabel H. [A modified unit for detecting sleep apnea]. Pneumologie 1989; 43 Suppl 1:603-6. [PMID: 2608652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive diagnostic work-up of patients with a suspected sleep apnea syndrome must include conventional polysomnographic monitoring during the night. On account of the considerable staff and technical requirement, however, this definitive diagnostic measure is not suitable for use as a screening programme. For this reason we undertook to develop a device for the computer-aided recording of sleep apnea. The heart of the unit is a 65816 microprocessor with an address capacity of 16 Mbytes. The oro-nasal airflow is recorded with the aid of thermistors, and, after digital filtering, the respiratory rate is continuously recorded on the basis of this signal. Continuous recording of the heart rate and oxygen saturation, is also effected, the recorded data being stored in the microprocessor. On conclusion of the data acquisition phase, evaluation and a compressed display is shown on any conventional personal computer. Our preliminary experience reveals that the algorithm employed is extremely reliable for the detection of respiration rate and apnea, even in the presence of unfavourable signal forms. Clinically relevant deviations from manual evaluation do not occur. As was to be expected, processing of the signals for heart rate and oxygen saturation presented no problems.
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163
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von Glass W, Pesch HJ, Braun R, Krause J. [Surgery of pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland]. HNO 1989; 37:426-31. [PMID: 2553646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In literature opinion is divided, whether for treatment of pleomorphic adenoma in the parotid gland partial parotidectomy is adequate or complete parotidectomy is necessary. In a retrospective analysis of 123 complete parotidectomies in pleomorphic adenomas the macroscopic tumor extension was compared with the microscopic findings. Additionally 35 pleomorphic adenomas were examined in histological serial sections. The retrospective analysis showed in 6%, the serial sections in 11% microscopic tumor in the macroscopic tumorfree inner lobe. A clinical follow-up examination of 85 patients operated by complete parotidectomy because pleomorphic adenoma resulted in a relapse-quota of 3.5%. The function of the facial nerve was in most cases normal, in 8.2% a weakness of the mandibular branch was found. These results indicate that the risk to leave tumor can be reduced evidently by a complete parotidectomy.
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164
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Gallucci JC, Taylor RT, Kobayashi T, Weber JC, Krause J, Paquette LA. X-ray crystallographic analysis of the structural distortions induced by substitution and annulation of the dodecahedrane nucleus. Acta Crystallogr C 1989; 45 ( Pt 6):893-8. [PMID: 2610983 DOI: 10.1107/s0108270188013721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Methyl dodecahedranecarboxylate, C22H22-O2, (4), Mr = 318.42, monoclinic, C2/c, a = 12.600 (2), b = 7.992 (4), c = 28.975 (7) A, beta = 101.79 (2) degrees, V = 2856 A3, Z = 8, Dx = 1.48 g cm-3, lambda(Mo K-alpha) = 0.71073 A, mu = 0.84 cm-1, F(000) = 1360, T = 294 K, R = 0.044 for 2109 unique reflections with Fo2 greater than 3 sigma(Fo2). 21-Phenylcyclopropadodecahedrane, C27H24, (5), Mr = 348.49, tetragonal, P4(2)/n, a = 17.528 (3), c = 10.752 (2) A, V = 3303 A3, Z = 8, Dx = 1.40 g cm-3, lambda(Mo K-alpha) = 0.71069 A, mu = 0.85 cm-1, F(000) = 1488, T = 295 K, R = 0.053 for the 1773 unique reflections with Fo2 greater than 1 sigma(Fo2). The molecular geometries of methoxycarbonyldodecahedrane (4) and 21-phenylcyclopropadodecahedrane (5) are compared to those of the parent C20H20 hydrocarbon (1) and its 1,16-dimethyl derivative (2). For both (2) and (4), the framework is modestly distorted by the substituents, the intracavity distance being more extended along the axis that contains the pendant group(s). Remarkably for (5), its cyclopropane ring has all C-C bonds and internal angles essentially equal, and those dodecahedrane bonds in the immediate vicinity of the ring fusion are extensively perturbed.
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165
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Krause J, Sobottka A. [Morphologic studies of asbestos-cement surfaces]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE GESAMTE HYGIENE UND IHRE GRENZGEBIETE 1989; 35:323-5. [PMID: 2800628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A scanning electron microscopic procedure was used for the investigation of asbestos-cement surfaces. The samples of uncoated asbestos-cement sheets were up to 50 years old, coated asbestos-cement materials were 16 years old in maximum. Our results demonstrate that suitable coating systems effectively protect the asbestos-cement surface. On the other hand uncoated asbestos-cement shows a release of asbestos fibres locked up in cement. Therefore uncoated asbestos-cement sheets are emission sources of asbestos fibres. Wether the weathered material coursed a increase of asbestos fibre concentration in ambient air will be a subject of further investigations.
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166
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Krause J, Tanswell P. Die molekularbiologischen Eigenschaften des Gewebetyp-Plasminogenaktivators und seiner Varianten. Hamostaseologie 1989. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1655260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
ZusammenfassungDer Gewebetyp-Plasminogenaktivator (t-PA) ist ein Schlüsselenzym der physiologischen Fibrinolyse und steht heute auch als rekombinantes Protein für therapeutische Zwecke zur Verfügung. Biotechnisch hergestelltes t-PA (Actilyse®) verzeichnet bereits beachtliche klinische Erfolge bei der Behandlung von thromboembolischen Erkrankungen, insbesondere dem akuten Herzinfarkt. t-PA aktiviert Plasminogen zu Plasmin, welches das Fibringerüst eines Thrombus auflösen kann. Diese Aktivierung erfolgt selektiv auf der Thrombusoberfläche und verursacht nur geringe systemische Nebenwirkungen. Die Halbwertszeit von t-PA in vivo ist aufgrund einer raschen hepatischen Elimination sehr kurz (3-5 min).t-PA ist ein Glykoprotein mit Serinproteaseaktivität, dessen Polypeptidkette aus 527 Aminosäuren besteht und über insgesamt 17 Disulfidbrükken verknüpft ist. Mit dem Ziel, Fibrinspezifität und katalytische Aktivität zu erhöhen oder die Eliminationsrate zu verringern, haben zahlreiche Forschergruppen in jüngster Zeit Modifikationen der molekularen Struktur von t-PA durchgeführt. Durch diese Arbeiten wurden zwar interessante Beziehungen zwischen Struktur und Funktion des t-PA-Moleküls aufgedeckt, jedoch konnte bisher keine klinisch relevante Variante konstruiert werden, die dem natürlich vorkommenden Protein in der Summe seiner Eigenschaften überlegen ist.
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167
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Krause J, Tanswell P. Properties of molecular variants of tissue-type plasminogen activator. ARZNEIMITTEL-FORSCHUNG 1989; 39:632-7. [PMID: 2502992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), an important component of the fibrinolytic system, is now available as a biotechnologically manufactured recombinant protein for therapeutic use. It has proved highly effective in the clinical therapy of acute thromboembolic diseases such as myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism. t-PA activates plasminogen to plasmin, which subsequently dissolves the fibrin network of a blood clot. This activation by t-PA occurs selectively on the clot surface, with negligible systemic side effects. The half-life of t-PA in vivo is in the order of minutes due to rapid hepatic elimination. t-PA is a glycoprotein with serine protease activity and consists of a polypeptide chain with 527 amino acids. Recently, intensive research efforts have been devoted to modification of the molecular structure of t-PA, with the objective of further increasing fibrin specificity and catalytic activity, or reducing the rate of elimination. As a result, considerable insights into structure-function relationships within the t-PA molecule have been gained, but as yet no clinically utilizable variant has been constructed which is in all respects superior to naturally occurring t-PA.
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168
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Eckardt VF, Krause J, Bolle D. Gastrointestinal transit and gastric acid secretion in patients with achalasia. Dig Dis Sci 1989; 34:665-71. [PMID: 2714141 DOI: 10.1007/bf01540335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that patients with achalasia exhibit degenerative changes of extraesophageal nerve fibers. We investigated whether these morphological alterations are associated with functional abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract. Patients with achalasia had a normal acid secretory response (5.5 +/- 1.5 mmol/hr) to vagal stimulation when compared to controls (6.0 +/- 5.3 mmol/hr). However, the half time of gastric emptying of liquids was significantly shorter in patients with achalasia (10.4 +/- 1.8 min) than in control subjects (19.3 +/- 11.3 min) (P less than 0.01). Although there was a tendency towards a more rapid gastrointestinal transit in patients with achalasia, these changes failed to reach statistical significance. It is concluded that patients with achalasia have a gastric emptying disorder that could either be explained by a selective defect of extraesophageal vagal inhibitory nerve fibers or as an epiphenomenon occurring as a consequence of impaired esophageal emptying.
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169
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Tanswell P, Schlüter M, Krause J. Pharmacokinetics and isolated liver perfusion of carbohydrate modified recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0268-9499(89)90035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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170
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Krause J, Deutsch H. Localisation of fluorescence-labelled recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) on thrombi in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0268-9499(89)90036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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171
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Krause J, Scully MO, Walther T, Walther H. Preparation of a pure number state and measurement of the photon statistics in a high-Q micromaser. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1989; 39:1915-1921. [PMID: 9901446 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.39.1915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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172
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Krause J, Buschmann N, Rump T, Umland F. Entwicklung eines universellen, preiswerten Interfaces zur Kopplung von Personal Computern mit Analysenger�ten. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00635734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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173
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Krause J, Philipp M, Maier W, Schlegel S. A German validation study of the inventory to diagnose depression. Psychopathology 1989; 22:57-64. [PMID: 2727229 DOI: 10.1159/000284580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The Inventory to Diagnose Depression (IDD), a self-rating scale designed to identify major depressive episodes (MDE) according to DSM-III, was validated in a sample of 83 inpatients. Depending whether the time criterion of MDE was included or omitted, 63 or 77 patients obtained a syndrome diagnosis of MDE established by means of a structured clinical interview (Polydiagnostic Interview) which served as yardstick. Sensitivity (84.1% with time criterion, 89.6% without time criterion), specificity (60%, 50%), predictive value (67.8%, 64.2%) and kappa (0.43, 0.29) were calculated and found to necessitate improvement for a reasonable application of the IDD in epidemiological and clinical settings. Adapting the IDD algorithm to DSM-III-R diagnosis of MDE, analogous results were obtained.
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174
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Krause JR, Costello RT, Krause J, Penchansky L. Use of the Technicon H-1 in the characterization of leukemias. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1988; 112:889-94. [PMID: 3166371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The Technicon H-1 is a hematology analyzer that performs a complete blood cell count and white blood cell differential using both cytochemistry and flow technology. Two white blood cell cytograms are produced based on peroxidase activity and nuclear characteristics of the cells. Ninety cases of leukemia were studied. The 25 cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) could be distinguished from the 39 cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia as the lymphocyte percentage was greater than 50% in the ALL cases and the mean peroxidase index value was 0 in 80% of the cases. The ALL cases and the chronic lymphocytic leukemia cases also had different cytogram patterns. Subtypes of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia could not be absolutely distinguished, although promyelocytic leukemias (M3) had characteristic cytograms and a monocyte percentage above 15% suggested a monocytic component (M4 or M5). Chronic myelogenous leukemia likewise seemed to have a recognizable pattern. Since a sample takes only 60 s to process, information is readily available. The unique data available from this instrument should provide a significant advancement in the automated hematology field.
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175
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Ludwig O, Krause J, Hay R, Benz R. Purification and characterization of the pore forming protein of yeast mitochondrial outer membrane. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 1988; 15:269-76. [PMID: 2452728 DOI: 10.1007/bf00256477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
One of the major outer membrane proteins of yeast mitochondria was isolated and purified. It migrated as a single band with an apparent molecular weight of 30 kDa on a SDS-electrophoretogram. When reconstituted in lipid bilayer membranes the protein formed pores with a single channel conductance of 0.45 nS in 0.1 M KCl. The pores had the characteristics of general diffusion pores with an estimated diameter of 1.7 nm. The pore of mitochondrial outer membranes of yeast shared some similarities with the pores formed by mitochondrial and bacterial porins. The pores switched to substates at voltages higher than 20 mV. The possible role of this voltage-dependence in the metabolism of mitochondria is discussed.
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176
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De Pinto V, Ludwig O, Krause J, Benz R, Palmieri F. Porin pores of mitochondrial outer membranes from high and low eukaryotic cells: biochemical and biophysical characterization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1987; 894:109-19. [PMID: 3676299 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(87)90180-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial porins from mammalian tissues and from low eukaryotic cells were purified with a high yield, and their biochemical and functional properties were investigated. When analyzed by SDS gel electrophoresis, all mammalian porins show a very similar apparent molecular mass (35-35.5 kDa). In contrast yeast and Paramecium porins have a molecular mass of 30 and 37 kDa, respectively. The peptide maps of mammalian porins are very similar although small differences are apparent between porins of different tissues of the same organism and also between those of the same tissue of different organisms. The peptide patterns of porins from yeast and Paramecium are completely different from those of mammalian porins. Antibodies raised against the rat liver porin cross-react with all the other mammalian porins but not with that of yeast. The incorporation of porins into artificial lipid bilayer membranes showed that they are able to form pores with approximately the same specific activity. The single-channel conductance is for all porins, except for that of Paramecium, about 4 nS in 1 M KCl, corresponding to an effective pore diameter of 1.7 nm. They are voltage-dependent and switch to substates at transmembrane potentials higher than 10 mV. The number of gating charges varies, however, for pores from different tissues, indicating a different sensitivity to the potential as a result of a possible different function.
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177
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Krause J, Scully MO, Walther H. State reduction and ||n>-state preparation in a high-Q micromaser. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1987; 36:4547-4550. [PMID: 9899425 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.36.4547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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178
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Krause J, Scully MO. Theory of the holographic laser: Correlated emission in a ring cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1987; 36:1771-1778. [PMID: 9899057 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.36.1771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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179
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Krause J. Relativistic variational theory for two-electron atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1986; 34:3692-3699. [PMID: 9897711 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.34.3692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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180
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Ohlendieck K, Riesinger I, Adams V, Krause J, Brdiczka D. Enrichment and biochemical characterization of boundary membrane contact sites from rat-liver mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1986; 860:672-89. [PMID: 3017427 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(86)90567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A subfraction of mitochondrial membranes was prepared from osmotically lysed rat liver mitochondria by density gradient centrifugation which contained the inner boundary membrane and the contact sites between this membrane and the outer membrane. The fraction was composed of inner and outer limiting membrane components as shown by the presence of specific marker enzymes, monoamine oxidase and glycerolphosphate oxidase. Surface proteolysis analysis, studies of cytochrome c permeability, and electron microscopy revealed the localization of the inner membrane component within a right-side-out outer membrane vesicle. Moreover, the outer membrane component in this fraction exhibited a higher capacity to bind hexokinase and had a higher specific activity of glutathione transferase than the pure outer membrane. In freeze-fracture analyses the fraction showed fracture plane deflections which may be specific for hydrophobic interactions between the two membranes.
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181
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Krause J, Hay R, Kowollik C, Brdiczka D. Cross-linking analysis of yeast mitochondrial outer membrane. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1986; 860:690-8. [PMID: 3527267 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(86)90568-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
By enrichment of contact sites between the two mitochondrial boundary membranes it has been shown that this fraction contained a high activity of glutathione transferase and hexokinase which was bound to the outer membrane pore protein (Ohlendieck, K. et al. (1986) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 860, 672-689). Therefore, an interaction between the three proteins in the contact sites has been suggested. Cross-linking experiments with isolated outer membrane of yeast mitochondria show that glutathione transferase and the pore protein are already associated in the free outer membrane. Porin appeared to adopt four different oligomeric complexes in the membrane, including interactions with a 14 kDa polypeptide, which has glutathione transferase activity. The latter polypeptide could be phosphorylated by intrinsic or extrinsic protein kinases, while the porin itself was not phosphorylated. Yeast hexokinase, when bound to the outer membrane, was able to cross-link to the pore protein.
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182
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Krause J, Scully MO, Walther H. Quantum theory of the micromaser: Symmetry breaking via off-diagonal atomic injection. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1986; 34:2032-2037. [PMID: 9897489 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.34.2032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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183
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Hellwig A, Krause J. [Procedures for the determination of asbestos in the environment]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE GESAMTE HYGIENE UND IHRE GRENZGEBIETE 1986; 32:326-7. [PMID: 3751175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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184
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Brdiczka D, Knoll G, Riesinger I, Weiler U, Klug G, Benz R, Krause J. Microcompartmentation at the mitochondrial surface: its function in metabolic regulation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1986; 194:55-69. [PMID: 3019104 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5107-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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185
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186
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Krause J, Lacher F, Lotz N, Bachmann W, Mehnert H. [Experiences with Reflolux in blood sugar self testing]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1985; 110:1084-6. [PMID: 4006766 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1068963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
As to correctness and accuracy the Reflolux system is comparable to the conventional measurement of blood glucose under laboratory conditions. Its handling is simple and safe so that diabetic patients are able to check their blood sugar reliably by self-control. Skilled patients achieve just as good results as laboratory personnel.
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187
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Engeln H, Krause J, Wachmann E, Köhler W. Negative phototaxis inDrosophila associated with a morphological change in the compound eye. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02007682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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188
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Krause J, Kleber M. Dynamics of Dirac electrons in ion-atom collisions: Positron production. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1985; 31:113-119. [PMID: 9895460 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.31.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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189
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Kaartinen P, Väisänen E, Reunanen M, Krause J. Tardive dyskinesia and EEG. CLINICAL EEG (ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY) 1984; 15:226-31. [PMID: 6151429 DOI: 10.1177/155005948401500408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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190
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Kane PF, Altemeier A, Austin LL, Beggs CV, Cathey RD, Grant R, Hester JB, Hudson S, Johnson WC, Krause J, Midkiff V, Morris HF, Mueller EE, O’Neil M, Perry WV, Smith RD, Stedman R, Steele LD, Tulloch RN, VanDeKoppel G, Vickery RM, Willkens G, Williams DC. Comparison of HgO and CuS04 as Digestion Catalysts in Manual Kjeldahl Determination of Crude Protein in Animal Feeds: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 1984. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/67.5.869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The official AOAC manual Kjeldahl method for determining crude protein in animal feeds, 7.015, uses HgO as a catalyst in the digestion step. Because of environmental considerations, there is considerable interest in alternative catalysts. A collaborative study compares the official HgO-catalyzed method and an alternative using CuS04. Fifty-four samples consisting of blind duplicates of closely matched pairs, representing a range of animal feed materials and 2 standard materials, were analyzed once by each method. Results were returned by 22 laboratories. Means and standard deviations between methods were comparable. The CuS04-catalyzed method has been adopted official first action.
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191
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Beaujean R, Schmidt M, Enge W, Siegmon G, Krause J, Fischer E. Isotopic Stack: Measurement of Heavy Cosmic Rays. Science 1984; 225:193-5. [PMID: 17837938 DOI: 10.1126/science.225.4658.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A stack of plastic nuclear track detectors was exposed to heavy cosmic rays on the pallet of Spacelab 1. Some layers of the stack were rotated with respect to the main stack to determine the arrival time of the particles. After return of the stack the latent particle tracks are revealed by chemical etching. Under the optical microscope the charge, mass, energy, and impact direction of the particles can be deduced from the track geometry.
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192
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Krause J, Köhler W. Dispersal behavior of photonegative selection lines of Drosophila melanogaster. Behav Genet 1984; 14:269-77. [PMID: 6435596 DOI: 10.1007/bf01065546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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193
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Klug GA, Krause J, Ostlund AK, Knoll G, Brdiczka D. Alterations in liver mitochondrial function as a result of fasting and exhaustive exercise. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1984; 764:272-82. [PMID: 6704385 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(84)90097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The effect of exercise upon liver mitochondria structure and function was examined in fasted and fed rats, following a single run to exhaustion on a motor-driven treadmill. Exercise alone and exercise coupled with fasting both produced a significant decrease in the amount of hexokinase bound to the mitochondria, as well as reduction in the ADP/O ratio and acceptor control index measured in the presence of succinate. The mitochondria of the exercised animals, when exposed to freeze-fracture analysis while in state 3, displayed fewer deflections in the fracture plane between the inner and outer membrane than those isolated from control animals. This suggests that fewer contacts existed between the two membranes. Measurements based upon the binding of 8-anilinonaphthalene 1-sulphonate indicated that there was an increase in the net negative charge on the surface of the mitochondrial membranes of the exercised animals. All of these effects could be mimicked by incubation of mitochondria from control animals with free fatty acids. This fact, coupled with the observation that washing of the mitochondria with a solution comprising 5% (w/v) albumin could reverse all of the consequences of exercise, suggests that these alterations in mitochondrial structure and function may be the result of the increase in plasma free fatty acids that accompanies long-term exercise. Furthermore, the observation that the exercise-induced changes are dynamic and readily reversible indicates that the mitochondria were not necessarily damaged, but rather that the coupling of oxidative phosphorylation may be subject to physiological regulation.
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194
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Ostlund AK, Göhring U, Krause J, Brdiczka D. The binding of glycerol kinase to the outer membrane of rat liver mitochondria: its importance in metabolic regulation. BIOCHEMICAL MEDICINE 1983; 30:231-45. [PMID: 6316940 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2944(83)90089-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Glycerol kinase was found to associate with the hexokinase binding protein. The binding of glycerol kinase has a high specificity as illustrated by the fact that the magnitude of binding was reduced by glycerophosphate and antibodies against the hexokinase binding protein. A possible function of glycerol kinase binding to the mitochondria with respect to metabolic regulation is proposed for the following reasons: (i) Glycerol kinase seems to bind to the same binding protein as hexokinase. (ii) Both kinases were observed to be reversibly bound to the mitochondria in different metabolic situations, i.e., 10% of total cellular activity from both kinases is bound in starved rats whereas no activity of glycerol kinase and 30% of hexokinase become bound in fed rats. (iii) The kinetic properties of the associated glycerol kinase change in an analogous manner to those known for structure-bound hexokinase. (iv) With the binding of glycerol kinase to the mitochondria, it is possible to propose a metabolic pathway for glycerol oxidation to dihydroxyacetone phosphate by a combined action involving the enzyme, glycerol phosphate oxidase, and oxidative phosphorylation.
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195
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Anand S, Schade RR, Bendetti C, Kelly R, Rabin BS, Krause J, Starzl TE, Iwatsuki S, Van Thiel DH. Idiopathic hemochromotosis and alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency: coexistence in a family with progressive liver disease in the proband. Hepatology 1983; 3:714-8. [PMID: 6604688 PMCID: PMC3033118 DOI: 10.1002/hep.1840030515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A patient with coexistent hemochromatosis and alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency which led to cirrhosis and death despite adequate therapy for hemochromatosis is reported. Evaluation of the family revealed first degree relatives with iron overload and others with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency but none with both conditions. The role of family studies in the early recognition and possible prevention of overt clinical disease in individuals with either of these two genetic diseases is discussed.
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Krause J, Lemon V. [Shock lung]. CESKOSLOVENSKA RADIOLOGIE 1982; 36:355-63. [PMID: 7159996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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197
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Kabisch R, Krause J, Bautz EK. Evolutionary changes in non-histone chromosomal proteins within the Drosophila melanogaster group revealed by monoclonal antibodies. Chromosoma 1982; 85:531-8. [PMID: 6813057 DOI: 10.1007/bf00327348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies directed against nonhistone chromosomal proteins of D. melanogaster were tested for crossreactivity with the homologous antigens of various Drosophila species. -- By indirect immunofluorescence it could be shown that three antibodies react only with polytene chromosomes of species of the D. melanogaster subgroup, and only much less with chromosomes of other species of Drosophila. -- With chromosomes of various other species of the Sophophora or Drosophila radiations only a reaction at background level could be observed. The results suggest that the three antibodies react with different antigenic determinants of a single protein whose conformation changed rather fast during evolution of the Drosophilidae.
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198
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Doschek D, Wulf R, Krause J. [Renal radioisotope clearance in an unselected group of diabetics - a tool for the early recognition of diabetic nephropathy? (author's transl)]. Nuklearmedizin 1980; 19:271-3. [PMID: 7279676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Our study in unselected patients with diabetes was undertaken to determine the relation between glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) according to the patient's age. The diagnostic work-up was done with patients in unselected disease states because a classification of all systemic manifestations of the diabetes was not possible. The lack of selection may therefore reduce the value of our statistical results. From age 55 onwards, there was a reduction in GFR and, to a lesser extent, in RPF exceeding that which was age-dependent. It is, therefore, recommended to check the clearance in all patients with diabetes older than 55 years. The clearance with radioisotopically labeled substances, being a very sensitive method for the evaluation of restricted renal function, may permit an early recognition of diabetic nephropathy.
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199
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Krause J, Novák V. [The aging hip joint]. FYSIATRICKY A REUMATOLOGICKY VESTNIK 1980; 58:233-7. [PMID: 7191402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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200
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