76
|
Cho JH, Ko SG, Ahn YK, Song KC, Choi EJ. Preparation of biopolymer-coated magnetite nanoparticles for magnetic resonance image contrast agent. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 9:779-782. [PMID: 19441391 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2009.c023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized using the sonochemical method with oleic acid as surfactant. The average size of the magnetite particles can be controlled by the ratio R = [H2O]/[surfactant] in the range of 2 to 9 nm. The size of the magnetite nanoparticles prepared by this method shows the narrow distribution. To prepare biopolymer(beta-glucan)-coated magnetite nanoparticles, beta-glucan solution was added to the magnetic colloid suspensions under the ultrasonication at room temperature. The beta-glucan coated magnetite colloidal suspensions of various concentrations did not agglomerate for 15 days, indicating their good stability. The beta-glucan-coated magnetite colloidal suspensions exhibited the enhancement of MRI contrasts in vitro.
Collapse
|
77
|
Ko SH, Song KH, Park SA, Kim SR, Cha BY, Son HY, Moon KW, Yoo KD, Park YM, Cho JH, Yoon KH, Ahn YB. Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction predicts acute ischaemic stroke in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 7-year follow-up study. Diabet Med 2008; 25:1171-7. [PMID: 19046195 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02567.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We investigated whether cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is associated with acute ischaemic stroke in patients with Type 2 diabetes. METHODS From 1999 to 2000, cardiovascular autonomic function tests were conducted in patients with Type 2 diabetes (n = 1458). Patients were followed up between 2006 and 2007. Standard tests for CAN measured heart rate variability parameters [expiration-to-inspiration (E/I) ratio, responses to the Valsalva manoeuvre and standing]. Using the American Diabetes Association criteria, the CAN scores were determined from the results of each test as follows: 0 = normal, 1 = abnormal (total maximum score 3). We assessed the development of acute ischaemic stroke events. RESULTS The prevalence of CAN at baseline was 55.7% (E/I 17.1%, Valsalva 39.4%, posture 27.3%) (n = 1126). During follow-up, 131 patients (11.6%) developed acute ischaemic stroke. The vascular events were more frequent in older patients (P < 0.001) and in those with diabetes of longer duration (P = 0.022), hypertension (P < 0.001) or diabetic retinopathy (P = 0.03) than in patients without vascular events. Patients with ischaemic stroke had higher creatinine levels (P = 0.045) and higher urine albumin excretion (P = 0.025) than those of patients without stroke. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis revealed that the CAN score was associated with the development of acute ischaemic stroke (total score 0 vs. 3, adjusted hazard ratio 2.7, 95% CI 1.3-5.5, P = 0.006). CONCLUSION Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction was significantly associated with the development of ischaemic stroke in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
|
78
|
Labbé C, Goyette P, Lefebvre C, Stevens C, Green T, Tello-Ruiz MK, Cao Z, Landry AL, Stempak J, Annese V, Latiano A, Brant SR, Duerr RH, Taylor KD, Cho JH, Steinhart AH, Daly MJ, Silverberg MS, Xavier RJ, Rioux JD. MAST3: a novel IBD risk factor that modulates TLR4 signaling. Genes Immun 2008; 9:602-12. [PMID: 18650832 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2008.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder caused by multiple factors in a genetically susceptible host. Significant advances in the study of genetic susceptibility have highlighted the importance of the innate immune system in this disease. We previously completed a genome-wide linkage study and found a significant locus (IBD6) on chromosome 19p. We were interested in identifying the causal variant in IBD6. We performed a two-stage association mapping study. In stage 1, 1530 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected from the HapMap database and genotyped in 761 patients with IBD. Among the SNPs that passed the threshold for replication, 26 were successfully genotyped in 754 additional patients (stage 2). One intronic variant, rs273506, located in the microtubule-associated serine/threonine-protein kinase gene-3 (MAST3), was found to be associated in both stages (pooled P=1.8 x 10(-4)). We identified four MAST3 coding variants, including a non-synonymous SNP rs8108738, correlated to rs273506 and associated with IBD. To test whether MAST3 was expressed in cells of interest, we performed expression assays, which showed abundant expression of MAST3 in antigen-presenting cells and in lymphocytes. The knockdown of MAST3 specifically decreased Toll-like receptor-4-dependent NF-kappaB activity. Our findings are additional proofs of the pivotal role played by modulators of NF-kappaB activity in IBD pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
79
|
Goyette P, Lefebvre C, Ng A, Brant SR, Cho JH, Duerr RH, Silverberg MS, Taylor KD, Latiano A, Aumais G, Deslandres C, Jobin G, Annese V, Daly MJ, Xavier RJ, Rioux JD. Gene-centric association mapping of chromosome 3p implicates MST1 in IBD pathogenesis. Mucosal Immunol 2008; 1:131-8. [PMID: 19079170 PMCID: PMC4550306 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2007.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Association mapping and candidate gene studies within inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) linkage regions, as well as genome-wide association studies in Crohn's disease (CD) have led to the discovery of multiple risk genes, but these explain only a fraction of the genetic susceptibility observed in IBD. We have thus been pursuing a region on chromosome 3p21-22 showing linkage to CD and ulcerative colitis (UC) using a gene-centric association mapping approach. We identified 12 functional candidate genes by searching for literature cocitations with relevant keywords and for gene expression patterns consistent with immune/intestinal function. We then performed an association study composed of a screening phase, where tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were evaluated in 1,020 IBD patients, and an independent replication phase in 745 IBD patients. These analyses identified and replicated significant association with IBD for four SNPs within a 1.2 Mb linkage disequilibrium region. We then identified a non-synonymous coding variant (rs3197999, R689C) in the macrophage-stimulating 1 (MST1) gene (P-value 3.62 x 10(-6)) that accounts for the association signal, and shows association with both CD and UC. MST1 encodes macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP), a protein regulating the innate immune responses to bacterial ligands. R689C is predicted to interfere with MSP binding to its receptor, suggesting a role for this gene in the pathogenesis of IBD.
Collapse
|
80
|
Cho JH, Richards CD, Richards RF. A facility for characterizing the steady-state and dynamic thermal performance of microelectromechanical system thermal switches. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2008; 79:034901. [PMID: 18377038 DOI: 10.1063/1.2894147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A facility to characterize microelectromechanical system (MEMS) thermal switches by measuring two pertinent figures of merit is described. The two figures of merit measured are the ratio of thermal resistance of the switch in the off and on states, Roff/Ron, and the time required to switch from the off to the on state, tauswitch. The facility consists of two pieces of equipment. A guard-heated calorimeter is used to measure heat transfer across the thermal switch under steady-state conditions. Measuring heat transfer across a thermal switch in both the off and on states then gives the thermal resistance ratio Roff/Ron. A thin-film radial heat-flux sensor is used to measure heat transfer across the thermal switch under dynamic conditions. Measuring heat transfer across a thermal switch as the switch changes from the off to the on state gives the thermal switching time tauswitch. The test facilities enable the control of the applied force on the thermal switch when the thermal switch is on, the thickness of the gas gap when the thermal switch is off, and the gas species and pressure in the thermal switch gas gap. The thermal performance of two MEMS thermal switches employing two different thermal contact materials, a polished silicon surface and an array of liquid-metal microdroplets, is characterized and compared.
Collapse
|
81
|
Shugart YY, Silverberg MS, Duerr RH, Taylor KD, Wang MH, Zarfas K, Schumm LP, Bromfield G, Steinhart AH, Griffiths AM, Kane SV, Barmada MM, Rotter JI, Mei L, Bernstein CN, Bayless TM, Langelier D, Cohen A, Bitton A, Rioux JD, Cho JH, Brant SR. An SNP linkage scan identifies significant Crohn's disease loci on chromosomes 13q13.3 and, in Jewish families, on 1p35.2 and 3q29. Genes Immun 2008; 9:161-7. [PMID: 18246054 PMCID: PMC3858857 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2007] [Accepted: 12/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex genetic disorder of two major phenotypes, Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), with increased risk in Ashkenazi Jews. Twelve genome-wide linkage screens have identified multiple loci, but these screens have been of modest size and have used low-density microsatellite markers. We, therefore, performed a high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genome-wide linkage study of 993 IBD multiply affected pedigrees (25% Jewish ancestry) that contained 1709 IBD-affected relative pairs, including 919 CD-CD pairs and 312 UC-UC pairs. We identified a significant novel CD locus on chromosome 13p13.3 (peak logarithm of the odds (LOD) score=3.98) in all pedigrees, significant linkage evidence on chromosomes 1p35.1 (peak LOD score=3.5) and 3q29 (peak LOD score=3.19) in Jewish CD pedigrees, and suggestive loci for Jewish IBD on chromosome 10q22 (peak LOD score=2.57) and Jewish UC on chromosome 2q24 (peak LOD score=2.69). Nominal or greater linkage evidence was present for most previously designated IBD loci (IBD1-9), notably, IBD1 for CD families at chromosome 16q12.1 (peak LOD score=4.86) and IBD6 in non-Jewish UC families at chromosome 19p12 (peak LOD score=2.67). This study demonstrates the ability of high information content adequately powered SNP genome-wide linkage studies to identify loci not observed in multiple microsatellite-based studies in smaller cohorts.
Collapse
|
82
|
Ahn JY, Cho JH, Lee JW. Distal lenticulostriate artery aneurysm in deep intracerebral haemorrhage. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007; 78:1401-3. [PMID: 18024696 PMCID: PMC2095591 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2007.120204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Aneurysms of the distal lenticulostriate artery (LSA) are rare. Only 16 cases have been reported in the literature. Early detection and treatment of these aneurysms is also difficult because of their deep location, small size and angioarchitecture. We report two additional patients with aneurysms, arising from the distal LSA, who presented with deep intracerebral haemorrhage. The conclusions drawn from our experience and a comprehensive review of the literature include the following. (1) A distal LSA aneurysm should be considered in young (mean 38.5 years) and non-hypertensive (80%) patients with deep intracerebral haemorrhage. (2) These aneurysms are frequently very small (<5 mm). Therefore, they cannot be detected on initial angiograms in some cases. (3) These aneurysms have higher rates of associated vascular lesions. Deep intracerebral haemorrhage, even in those over the age of 50 years, can still be due to underlying, treatable structural abnormalities, and should not be dismissed as being a result of hypertension. In addition, a more comprehensive diagnostic approach seems to be warranted in younger patients and those without known hypertension.
Collapse
|
83
|
Yim YK, Kang WC, Cho JH, Shin JW, Lee NH, Choi SM, Koo ST, Park KS, Son CG. Crossover clinical trial to determine the effect of manual acupuncture at Siguan points (bilateral LI4 and LR3) on intestinal motility in healthy subjects. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2007; 35:209-18. [PMID: 17436362 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x07004758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether manual acupuncture at the Siguan points (bilateral points LI4 and LR3) affects intestinal motility in healthy human subjects. Twenty healthy male subjects were randomly assigned either to real acupuncture (RA) at Siguan points or sham acupuncture (SA) groups in a crossover manner. All subjects underwent two experimental sessions; the RA group in the first session was treated with SA in the second session after a 2-week washout period, and vice versa. Each subject took 20 radio-markers and was treated with acupuncture 0, 12, 24, and 36 hours after radio-marker intake. Radiographs were taken at 6, 12.5, 24.5, and 48 hours, and the effect of acupuncture on intestinal motility was evaluated based on the distribution of the radio-markers in the ileum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid/ rectum, and outside the body. Defecating habit was monitored during the trial, and complete blood counts were checked before and after the two acupuncture sessions. The RA and SA results showed extremely similar distributions of the radio-markers in these five regions of the alimentary canal and outside the body in radiographs taken at four different times, verifying that there was no effect of manual acupuncture at the Siguan points on intestinal motility, at least in healthy human subjects.
Collapse
|
84
|
De Jager PL, Franchimont D, Waliszewska A, Bitton A, Cohen A, Langelier D, Belaiche J, Vermeire S, Farwell L, Goris A, Libioulle C, Jani N, Dassopoulos T, Bromfield GP, Dubois B, Cho JH, Brant SR, Duerr RH, Yang H, Rotter JI, Silverberg MS, Steinhart AH, Daly MJ, Podolsky DK, Louis E, Hafler DA, Rioux JD. The role of the Toll receptor pathway in susceptibility to inflammatory bowel diseases. Genes Immun 2007; 8:387-97. [PMID: 17538633 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal flora has long been thought to play a role either in initiating or in exacerbating the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Host defenses, such as those mediated by the Toll-like receptors (TLR), are critical to the host/pathogen interaction and have been implicated in IBD pathophysiology. To explore the association of genetic variation in TLR pathways with susceptibility to IBD, we performed a replication study and pooled analyses of the putative IBD risk alleles in NFKB1 and TLR4, and we performed a haplotype-based screen for association to IBD in the TLR genes and a selection of their adaptor and signaling molecules. Our genotyping of 1539 cases of IBD and pooled analysis of 4805 cases of IBD validates the published association of a TLR4 allele with risk of IBD (odds ratio (OR): 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15-1.48; P=0.00017) and Crohn's disease (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.16-1.54; P=0.000035) but not ulcerative colitis. We also describe novel suggestive evidence that TIRAP (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.04-1.30; P=0.007) has a modest effect on risk of IBD. Our analysis, therefore, offers additional evidence that the TLR4 pathway - in this case, TLR4 and its signaling molecule TIRAP - plays a role in susceptibility to IBD.
Collapse
|
85
|
Shin GW, Palaksha KJ, Kim YR, Nho SW, Cho JH, Heo NE, Heo GJ, Park SC, Jung TS. Immunoproteomic analysis of capsulate and non-capsulate strains of Lactococcus garvieae. Vet Microbiol 2007; 119:205-12. [PMID: 16997511 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2006] [Revised: 08/04/2006] [Accepted: 08/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A comparative immunoproteomic study was carried out to investigate the immunogenicity of capsulate (KG9408) and non-capsulate (NSS9310) strains of Lactococcus garvieae. Immunoblot assays, following two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) for L. garvieae strains, revealed a significant difference between anti-capsulate and anti-non-capsulate rabbit sera with respect to the number and antigenicity of antigenic spots. Anti-capsulate and anti-non-capsulate rabbit sera reacted with an average of 72 and 127 antigenic spots, respectively. The strong reaction of anti-non-capsulate sera with elongation factor (EF)-G and -Tu, and GMP synthase, of the L. garvieae strains identifies these as specific major antigens. This study clearly demonstrates the differences in 2-DE immunoblot profiles between the capsulate and non-capsulate strains of L. garvieae. These differences may be the reason for variations in immunogenicity between capsulate and non-capsulate strains. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase, arginine deaminase and ornithine carbamoyltransferase were identified from the 2-DE immunoblot profiles of both strains. Therefore, these common antigens are potential markers for the development of vaccines against L. garvieae, irrespective of strain. Immunoproteomics, a powerful tool for studying antigens at the proteomic level, allowed a comparative investigation of the immunogenicity of capsulate and non-capsulate strains of L. garvieae for vaccine development.
Collapse
|
86
|
Kim HG, Cho JH, Jeong EY, Lim JH, Lee SH, Lee HS. Growth-inhibiting activity of active component isolated from Terminalia chebula fruits against intestinal bacteria. J Food Prot 2006; 69:2205-9. [PMID: 16995525 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-69.9.2205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The growth-inhibitory activity of materials derived from the fruit of Terminalia chebula was evaluated against six intestinal bacteria by means of an impregnated paper disk agar diffusion method. The butanol fraction of T. chebula extract had profound growth-inhibitory activity at a concentration of 5 mg per disk. The biologically active component isolated from the T. chebula fruits was identified with a variety of spectroscopic analyses as ethanedioic acid. The growth responses varied in accordance with the bacterial strain, chemical, and dosage tested. In a test with concentrations of 2 and 1 mg per disk, ethanedioic acid had strong and moderate inhibitory activity against Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli, respectively, with no associated adverse effects on the growth of the four tested lactic acid-producing bacteria. Ellagic acid derived from T. chebula fruits exerted a potent inhibitory effect against C. perfringens and E. coli, but little or no inhibition was observed with treatments of behenic acid, P-caryophyllene, eugenol, isoquercitrin, oleic acid, ca-phellandrene, 3-sitosterol, stearic acid, a-terpinene, terpinen-4-ol, terpinolene, or triacontanoic acid. These results may be an indication of at least one of the pharmacological properties of T. chebula fruits.
Collapse
|
87
|
Yoo KY, Hwang IK, Lee JC, Cho JH, Kim SM, Jung JY, Kang TC, Won MH. Immunohistochemical Localization of Glutamate in the Gerbil Main Olfactory Bulb Using an Antiserum Directed against Glutamate. Anat Histol Embryol 2006; 35:93-6. [PMID: 16542173 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2005.00643.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Information on the localization and the roles of glutamate in the nervous system is becoming valuable because the axon terminals of the olfactory sensory neurons and the synapses of the mitral and tufted output cells appear to be glutamatergic. In this study, we have analysed the distribution of glutamate immunoreactivity in the main olfactory bulb (MOB) of the Mongolian gerbil using an antiserum directed against glutamate. Glutamate immunoreactivity in the MOB was present in the olfactory nerve layer (Onl), glomerular layer (GL), external plexiform layer (EPL) and mitral cell layer (ML), but not in the granule cell layer (GCL). Glutamate immunoreactivity detected in the Onl was thought to be terminal ramifications of glomeruli. Some neurons in the periglomerular region showed glutamate immunoreactivity. In the EPL, glutamate immunoreactivity was found in some neuronal somata (tufted cells) and processes. In addition, mitral cells in the ML were labelled by the glutamate antibody. The pattern of glutamate immunoreactivity in the mitral cells was similar to that in the tufted cells. In brief, glutamate in the gerbil MOB is the neurotransmitter used by primary afferents and output neurons.
Collapse
|
88
|
Rim YH, Lee BS, Choi HW, Cho JH, Yang YS. Electrical Relaxation of Bismuth Germanate Silicate Glasses. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:8094-9. [PMID: 16610911 DOI: 10.1021/jp060415s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The frequency-dependent electrical data of the bismuth germanate silicate (BGSO) glasses have been discussed in the framework of the electric modulus representation and the power-law conductivity. The activation energies of the mean electric relaxation time and the direct current (dc) conductivity obtained by the complex modulus analysis show that the BGSO glasses satisfy the Barton, Nakajima, and Namikawa (BNN) relation. The proper relation between the exponent of the power-law conductivity and the stretched exponential of the modulus representation is shown. The temperature- and frequency-dependent characteristics of non-Debye behavior are discussed. The scaling properties of both the modulus M*(omega) and the alternating current (ac) conductivity sigma(omega) are examined.
Collapse
|
89
|
Kim HS, Kim JS, Kim JS, Park JT, Lee MC, Juhng SW, Cho JH, Park CS. The association between CD99 and LMP-1 expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Exp Oncol 2006; 28:40-3. [PMID: 16614706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM To characterize the roles of LMP-1 and CD99 in nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis, we undertook this pilot study of LMP-1 and CD99 expressions in nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). MATERIALS AND METHOD 40 NPC tissue samples were grouped according to the WHO classification. Immunohistochemical studies were performed using monoclonal antibodies against EBV latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) and CD99 protein. In addition, CD99 expression was evaluated in 10 samples of non-neoplastic nasopharyngeal epithelium. RESULTS LMP-1 was detected in 12 of the 40 (30.0%) cases and its expression was found to be confined to epithelial tumor cells. WHO type I NPC samples were completely negative for LMP-1, whereas WHO type III NPC samples showed highest expression. Interestingly, CD99 was expressed in all of the non-neoplastic nasopharyngeal epithelium samples along the cytoplasmic border. CD99 expression was noted in NPC tumor cells (5 of the 40 cases, 12.5%) and in surrounding lymphoid stroma (23 of the 40 cases, 57.5%), but was not expressed in WHO type I NPC. In the 12 LMP-1 positive cases, 9 cases (75.0%) were CD99 negative, and 3 cases (25.5%) were CD99 positive. There was a statistical significance between LMP-1 and CD99 expression in lymphoid stroma. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the LMP-1 induced down-regulation of the CD99 pathway is important in nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis, and that the expression of CD99 in lymphoid stroma may regulate immune response to NPC.
Collapse
|
90
|
Cho JH, Yoon SY, Bae EY, Lee CN, Lee JD, Cho SH. Acinic cell carcinoma on the lower lip resembling a mucocele. Clin Exp Dermatol 2005; 30:490-3. [PMID: 16045674 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2005.01814.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A 64-year-old woman presented with a 2-week history of an asymptomatic mass involving the lower lip. Histopathological examination showed a well-circumscribed tumour composed of many lobules separated by thin, fibrous connective tissue. Individual lobules were composed of round or polyhedral tumour cells, which had a characteristic finely granular and vacuolated cytoplasm and eccentric hyperchromatic nuclei. Positive staining was observed with Periodic acid-Shiff, and immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin, alpha-1 antitrypsin, and S-100 protein resulting in a final diagnosis of acinic cell carcinoma. Acinic cell carcinoma represents a well-established, although uncommon, entity in the classification of neoplasms of salivary gland origin. The parotid salivary gland is the most frequent site of acinic cell carcinoma, whereas the lip is a particularly unusual site. The unusual presentation of this tumour may lead to confusion with a mucocele. Given these findings, we suggest that acinic cell carcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any mucocele-like mass on the lower lip.
Collapse
|
91
|
Nam KC, Ahn SH, Cho JH, Kim DW, Lee SJ. Reduction of excessive electrical stimulus during electric pulp testing. Int Endod J 2005; 38:544-9. [PMID: 16011773 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2005.00985.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To measure excessive electrical stimulus time during pulp testing via electromyography (EMG) in the anterior belly of the digastric muscle, voice and finger movement, and to determine whether excessive stimulus time could be attenuated by a specially designed automatic circuit breaker on the basis of the EMG signal. METHODOLOGY The signals from three human responses (EMG, finger and voice), induced by the Digitest (Parkell Inc., Farmingdale, NY, USA) electric pulp tester, were captured using a MP100 (Biopac System Inc., Goleta, CA, USA) and recorded into a personal computer. The excessive stimulus time from activation to the end of electrical stimulation was calculated for each of these three responses. The automatic circuit breaker was designed to disconnect the electrical output of the electric pulp testing (EPT) unit immediately after detecting the preset EMG level (100 mV). Each of the right central incisors and first premolars of 23 healthy individuals (16 males and seven females) was tested to see whether there was a difference in tooth type or gender. This was analysed by Wilcoxon signed rank test (nonparametric paired t-test) and Mann-Whitney test (nonparametric independent t-test), respectively. RESULTS Amongst three human responses, the electrical onset occurred in the order of EMG, finger and voice. Excessive stimulus time was 347.8 +/- 78.3 ms when observed by the EMG, 264.9 +/- 63.9 ms when observed by finger span and 229.4 +/- 41.8 ms when observed by the voice, which were all found to be significantly different (P < 0.05). When the automatic circuit breaker was used, the excessive stimulus time was 61.0 ms, which was 286.8 ms shorter than that measured from EMG onset when using the conventional EPT. CONCLUSIONS When the automatic circuit breaker was used, excessive stimulus time on the basis of EMG was attenuated on average by 286.8 ms.
Collapse
|
92
|
Lee WG, Hwang JH, Na BK, Cho JH, Lee HW, Cho SH, Kong Y, Song CY, Kim TS. Functional expression of a recombinant copper/zinc superoxide dismutase of filarial nematode, Brugia malayi. J Parasitol 2005; 91:205-8. [PMID: 15856906 DOI: 10.1645/ge-285r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A gene encoding a copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/ Zn-SOD) of a filarial nematode, Brugia malayi, has been isolated and the biochemical properties of a functionally expressed recombinant enzyme were investigated. The cloned complementary DNA contained a single open reading frame of 477 bp encoding 158 amino acids (aa), which conserved metal-binding residues as well as residues specific for Cu/Zn-SODs. Comparison of the deduced aa sequence of the enzyme with that of other helminthes species, including filarial worms, exhibited high degree of similarities (49-98%). Recombinant enzyme of 32 kDa had an isoelectric point of 6.6 and was shown to consist of 2 subunits linked by interchain disulfide bonds. Enzyme activity of the recombinant protein was inhibited by potassium cyanide and hydrogen peroxide but not by sodium azide. It showed a wide range of pH optima, i.e., 7.0-11.0 and was highly resistant to heat inactivation.
Collapse
|
93
|
Kim SH, Cho J, Cho JH, Han SW, Kim SM, Park SC, Heo JH. Isolated Lateropulsion by a Lesion of the Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract. Cerebrovasc Dis 2004; 18:344-5. [PMID: 15383769 DOI: 10.1159/000080978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
94
|
Oh MH, Houghton PJ, Whang WK, Cho JH. Screening of Korean herbal medicines used to improve cognitive function for anti-cholinesterase activity. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2004; 11:544-548. [PMID: 15500267 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2004.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Methanolic extracts of seven herbs (Acorus calamus, Acorus gramineus, Bupleurm facaltum, Dioscorea batatas, Epimedium koreanum, Poria cocos and Zizyphi jujuba) used in traditional Korean medicine for improvement of memory and cognition in old age were tested for cholinesterase inhibitory properties using the Ellman colorimetric method. Significant inhibition of the enzyme at 200 microg/ml was observed for extracts from A. calamus and E. koreanum. The possible bases for the reputation of these and the other herbs tested are discussed in the light of previous investigations into their chemistry and biological activity.
Collapse
|
95
|
Kim JS, Jang YT, Kim JD, Park TH, Park JM, Kilgore PE, Kennedy WA, Park E, Nyambat B, Kim DR, Hwang PH, Kim SJ, Eun SH, Lee HS, Cho JH, Kim YS, Chang SJ, Huang HF, Clemens JD, Ward JI. Incidence of Haemophilus influenzae type b and other invasive diseases in South Korean children. Vaccine 2004; 22:3952-62. [PMID: 15364444 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2003] [Accepted: 04/07/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To determine incidence of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease in a defined population of Jeonbuk Province, Korea, children <5 years were evaluated in prospective, population-based surveillance of invasive bacterial diseases using standardized methods for patient referral, clinical evaluation and laboratory testing (optimized culture, latex agglutination, polymerase chain reaction). Vaccine utilization was assessed with vaccination histories of patients in surveillance, monthly data on Hib vaccine distribution and a coverage survey of clinic patients in study population. From September 1999 to December 2001, 2176 children were evaluated for possible meningitis, 1541 had no cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings of meningitis, 605 had CSF abnormalities (suspected bacterial meningitis) but no pathogen identified; six patients had probable Hib meningitis and eight had confirmed Hib meningitis. The annual suspected bacterial meningitis incidence was 258.4/100,000 <5 years and the probable/confirmed Hib meningitis incidence was 6.0/100,000 <5 years. Pneumococcal meningitis incidence was 2.1/100,000 <5 years and Group B streptococcal meningitis incidence was 0.17/1000 live births. A total of 69,589 Hib vaccine doses were distributed during the study. Hib vaccine coverage was negligible initially but increased to 16% (complete Hib immunization) and 27% (partial immunization) in final months of study. Suspected bacterial meningitis incidence was high but proven invasive Hib meningitis incidence was low. Hib was leading cause of bacterial meningitis yet bacterial pathogens were identified in only 4% of abnormal CSF. These findings may reflect truly low incidence, presumptive antibiotic treatment, partial Hib immunization, or incomplete clinical evaluations. Given the apparent Hib meningitis burden in Jeonbuk Province, additional studies to describe other invasive Hib syndromes, Hib-associated mortality and disability, and economic impact of Hib disease will be useful to guide public health decisions regarding routine Hib vaccine introduction.
Collapse
|
96
|
Chou FC, Cho JH, Lee PA, Abel ET, Matan K, Lee YS. Thermodynamic and transport measurements of superconducting Na0.3CoO2.1.3H2O single crystals prepared by electrochemical deintercalation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 92:157004. [PMID: 15169310 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.157004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Superconducting single crystal samples of Na0.3CoO2.1.3H(2)O have been produced using an electrochemical technique which dispenses with the usual bromine chemical deintercalation method. In fully hydrated crystals, susceptibility and specific heat measurements confirm that bulk superconductivity has been achieved. The extracted normal state density of states indicates Fermi-liquid behavior with strong mass enhancement and a modest Wilson ratio. Measurements of H(c2) for H parallel c and H parallel ab reveal significant anisotropy, and the extracted value for the coherence length is about 100 A, consistent with an extremely narrow bandwidth.
Collapse
|
97
|
Kim JM, Hong JS, Yoon JB, Cho JH, Joo KH. Marked Hydroureter Misdiagnosed as a Hydrosalpinx by Ultrasound. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 10:435. [PMID: 14738625 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-3804(05)60141-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
98
|
Ogura Y, Lala S, Xin W, Smith E, Dowds TA, Chen FF, Zimmermann E, Tretiakova M, Cho JH, Hart J, Greenson JK, Keshav S, Nuñez G. Expression of NOD2 in Paneth cells: a possible link to Crohn's ileitis. Gut 2003; 52:1591-7. [PMID: 14570728 PMCID: PMC1773866 DOI: 10.1136/gut.52.11.1591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Genetic variation in NOD2 has been associated with susceptibility to Crohn's disease (CD) and specifically with ileal involvement. The reason for the unique association of NOD2 mutations with ileal disease is unclear. To identify a possible link, we tested expression of NOD2 in intestinal tissue of CD patients and controls. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty five specimens of ileum or colon from 21 CD patients, seven ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, and five controls with pathology other than CD or UC were stained for NOD2 using an immunoperoxidase method. RESULTS Using a monoclonal antibody against NOD2 developed in our laboratory, we detected uniform expression of NOD2 in terminal ileum Paneth cells from controls and patients as well as in metaplastic Paneth cells in the colon. Mechanical purification showed enriched expression of NOD2 mRNA in ileal crypts. In Paneth cells, NOD2 was located in the cytosol in close proximity to the granules that contain antimicrobial peptides. We detected minimal NOD2 in the villous epithelium of the ileum or in the colonic epithelium from both CD patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a role for NOD2 in the regulation of Paneth cell mediated responses against intestinal bacteria and a plausible mechanism to explain the selective association of NOD2 mutations with ileal disease. The impaired capacity of CD associated mutations to sense luminal bacteria may result in increased susceptibility to certain gut microbes.
Collapse
|
99
|
Cho JH, Ahn KH, Chung WJ, Gwon EM. Waste load allocation for water quality management of a heavily polluted river using linear programming. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2003; 48:185-190. [PMID: 15137169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A waste load allocation model using linear programming has been developed for economic water quality management. A modified Qual2e model was used for water quality calculations and transfer coefficients were derived from the calculated water quality. This allocation model was applied to the heavily polluted Gyungan River, located in South Korea. For water quality management of the river, two scenarios were proposed. Scenario 1 proposed to minimise the total waste load reduction in the river basin. Scenario 2 proposed to minimise waste load reduction considering regional equity. Waste loads, which have to be reduced at each sub-basin and WWTP, were determined to meet the water quality goal of the river. Application results of the allocation model indicate that advanced treatment is required for most of the existing WWTPs in the river basin and construction of new WWTPs and capacity expansion of existing plants are necessary. Distribution characteristics of pollution sources and pollutant loads in the river basin was analysed using Arc/View GIS.
Collapse
|
100
|
Jee YM, Cheon DS, Kim K, Cho JH, Chung YS, Lee J, Lee SH, Park KS, Lee JH, Kim EC, Chung HJ, Kim DS, Yoon JD, Cho HW. Genetic analysis of the VP1 region of Human enterovirus 71 strains isolated in Korea during 2000. Arch Virol 2003; 148:1735-46. [PMID: 14505086 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-003-0133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have isolated Human enterovirus 71 (EV71) from stool and CSF samples taken from patients with acute flaccid paralysis, herpangina, or hand, foot and mouth disease in 2000. Both the cell culture-neutralization test and RT-PCR were used to detect enteroviruses. Rhabdomyosarcoma (RD), HEP2c, and BGM cells were used for the isolation of viruses, and serotypes were determined by the neutralization test using EV71-specific antiserum. For genomic analysis, we amplified a 437-bp fragment of the 5'-noncoding region of the enterovirus genome and a 484-bp fragment of the VP3/VP1 region of EV71 by RT-PCR, with positive results. Products amplified using an EV71-specific primer pair were sequenced and compared with other isolates of EV71. Analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the amplified fragments showed that the EV71 isolates from patients were over 98% homologous and belonged to the genotype C.
Collapse
|