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Kim SH, Han JH, Keen CL. Vitamin and mineral supplement use by healthy teenagers in Korea: motivating factors and dietary consequences. Nutrition 2002; 17:373-80. [PMID: 11377129 DOI: 10.1016/s0899-9007(00)00582-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The use of vitamin and mineral supplements is increasing among young individuals. We surveyed 972 Korean teenagers (age 13-18 y ) for their use of vitamin/mineral supplements, their motivational factors, and the dietary consequences of supplement use. Prevalence of vitamin/mineral supplement use was 31%. Supplement use was highest in high-school students, females, individuals living in rural communities, and individuals from families in high socioeconomic strata. The supplements used most frequently were vitamin C, multivitamins, and vitamin A. Supplement users had a more positive view of the potential health benefits of supplements than did non-users. Most supplements were taken daily. Vitamins B2, B6, and C were the most frequently ingested nutrients from vitamin/mineral supplements. Vitamin/mineral intakes from supplements had a wide range, with mean intakes typically exceeding Korean or the U.S./Canadian recommended dietary allowances. Vitamins B12, B1, and C and iron comprised 2770%, 1930%, 1120%, and 1026%, respectively, of the Korean recommended dietary allowances. When nutrient intakes from the diet and supplements were combined, intakes of niacin, vitamin C, and iron exceeded the recommended upper-intake levels for these nutrients. The health benefits and risks of supplement use by teenagers merits further study.
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Lee WY, Kang MI, Oh ES, Oh KW, Han JH, Cha BY, Lee KW, Son HY, Kang SK, Kim CC. The role of cytokines in the changes in bone turnover following bone marrow transplantation. Osteoporos Int 2002; 13:62-8. [PMID: 11878457 DOI: 10.1007/s198-002-8339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common disease among patients undergoing transplantation and a loss of bone mass is usually detected after bone marrow transplantation (BMT), particularly during the immediate post-BMT period. Post-BMT bone loss is primarily related to gonadal dysfunction and immunosuppression. Cytokines, especially interleukin 6, play an important role in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, the pathogenetic role of cytokines in post-BMT bone loss is unknown and data on the changes of cytokines in accordance with bone turnover markers are scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between bone turnover markers and cytokines, which are regularly sampled at peripheral blood and bone marrow before and after allogeneic BMT. This prospective study included two analyses. The first was a study of 46 BMT recipients (M/F 28/18), examining the relationship between bone turnover markers and serum cytokines that were measured before and at 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks and 3 months after BMT. Serum intact parathyroid hormone was measured before BMT and at 3 weeks after BMT and its relation to other cytokines and bone turnover markers was evaluated. The second analysis was a study of 14 (M/F 9/5) of 46 patients in whom bone marrow plasma cytokines [interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)] were measured at 3 weeks after BMT. The relationship between bone marrow plasma cytokines and bone turnover markers was studied because bone marrow is the microenvironment where the real changes in bone turnover occur. Serum type I collagen carboxyterminal telopeptide (ICTP), a bone resorption marker, increased progressively until 4 weeks (peak) after BMT and then decreased thereafter. Serum osteocalcin, a bone formation marker, decreased progressively until 3 weeks after BMT and then increased thereafter. Serum IL-6 increased until 2 weeks after BMT and declined thereafter. Serum TNF-alpha increased until 3 weeks after BMT and declined thereafter. There was a significant positive correlation between serum ICTP and bone marrow IL-6 levels at 3 weeks after BMT, when a marked change in bone metabolism occurs following BMT. However, a correlation between bone turnover markers and bone marrow TNF-alpha or peripheral blood cytokines was not found. At 3 months after BMT, there was a significant negative correlation between the mean daily steroid dose and the serum osteocalcin level (r = -0.43, p < 0.05). The correlation between the Mean daily steroid dose and serum ICTP was also significant (r = 0.41, p < 0.05). Our data suggest that the progressive increase in bone resorption during the immediate post-BMT period is related to both steroid dose and the increase in bone marrow IL-6, which is a potent stimulator of bone resorption in vivo.
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Kim SH, Han JH, Lim SH, Lee SJ, Kim SZ, Cho KW. Attenuation of inhibitory effect of CNP on the secretion of ANP from hypertrophied atria. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2001; 281:R1456-63. [PMID: 11641116 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.2001.281.5.r1456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) influences proliferation of cardiac cells. To define the possible role of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) in cardiac hypertrophy, the influence of CNP on the secretion of ANP was studied with the use of perfused nonbeating atria from monocrotaline-treated rats. Increases in atrial volume caused proportional increases in ANP secretion that were markedly suppressed by CNP (10(-6) M) in nonhypertrophied left atria and control right atria but not in hypertrophied right atria. However, increases in atrial volume and mechanically stimulated extracellular fluid (ECF) translocation by CNP were similar to those in the control group. Therefore, the secretion of ANP in terms of ECF translocation was decreased by CNP in nonhypertrophied left and control right atria but not in hypertrophied atria. However, the inhibitory effect of 8-bromo-cGMP on the secretion of ANP was observed in both atria. The cGMP productions from perfused hypertrophied atria and their membranes exposed to CNP were significantly lower than those from nonhypertrophied atria. No significant difference in natriuretic peptide receptor-B transcript was found. Therefore, attenuation of the inhibitory effect of CNP on the ANP secretion in hypertrophied atria may be due to lack of cGMP production. The results showing the relief of CNP-induced negative inhibition of ANP secretion by atrial hypertrophy suggest that CNP may be a contributing factor to delay the development of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Han JH, Cui G, Kim SJ, Han SH, Cha GS, Nam H. Effect of dissolved CO2 on the potential stability of all-solid-state ion-selective electrodes. Analyst 2001; 126:2040-3. [PMID: 11763089 DOI: 10.1039/b105585m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The influence of dissolved CO2 on the potentiometric responses of all-solid-state ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) was systematically examined with four different types of electrodes fabricated by pairing pH-sensitive and pH-insensitive metal electrodes (Pt and Ag/AgCl, respectively) with pH-sensitive and pH-insensitive ion-selective membranes (H+-selective membrane based on tridodecylamine and Na+-selective membrane based on tetraethyl calix[4]arenetetraacetate, respectively). The experimental results clearly showed that the carbonic acid formed by the diffused CO2 and water vapor at the membrane/metal electrode interface varies the phase boundary potentials both at the inner side of the H+-selective membrane (deltaE(in)mem) and at the metal electrode surface (deltaEelec). The potential changes, deltaE(in)mem and deltaEelec, occurring at the facing boundaries, are opposite in their sign and result in a canceling effect if both the membrane and metal surface are pH-sensitive. Consequently, the H+-selective membrane coated on a pH-sensitive electrode (Pt) tends to exhibit a smaller CO2 interference than that on a pH-insensitive electrode (Ag/AgCl). When the all-solid-state Na+ and K+ ISEs were fabricated with both pH-insensitive metal electrode and ion-selective membrane, they did not suffer from CO2 interference. It was also confirmed that plasticization of the PVC leads to increased CO2 permeation. Various types of intermediate layers were examined to reduce the CO2 interference problem in the fabrication of H+-selective all-solid-state ISEs. The results indicated that the H+-selective electrode needs an intermediate layer that maintains a constant pH unless the carbonic acid formation at the interfacial area is effectively quenched.
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Wang QH, Han JH, Lee DH. Staggered currents in the mixed state. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:167004. [PMID: 11690228 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.167004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The current pattern in the mixed state of high-T(c) superconductors is studied in the U(1) mean-field theory of the t-J model. Assuming the absence of spin antiferromagnetism we find (1) at moderate doping staggered-current pattern exists in vortex cores and eventually percolates with increasing magnetic field. (2) The polarity of the staggered current is pinned by the magnetic field. (3) Vortex cores with (without) staggered current are slightly negatively (positively) charged. (4) Gutzwiller projection does not wash out the staggered current. We discuss the signature of staggered current in neutron scattering and scanning tunneling microscopy.
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Yu IJ, Song KS, Chang HK, Han JH, Kim KJ, Chung YH, Maeng SH, Park SH, Han KT, Chung KH, Chung HK. Lung fibrosis in Sprague-Dawley rats, induced by exposure to manual metal arc-stainless steel welding fumes. Toxicol Sci 2001; 63:99-106. [PMID: 11509749 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/63.1.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the disease process of pneumoconiosis induced by welding-fume exposure, a lung fibrosis model was established by building a stainless steel arc welding fume generation system and exposing male Sprague-Dawley rats for 90 days. The rats were exposed to welding fumes with concentrations of 57-67 mg/m3 (low dose) and 105-118 mg/m3 (high dose) total suspended particulates for 2 h per day in an inhalation chamber for 90 days. The concentrations of the main metals, Fe, Mn, Cr, and Ni, were measured in the welding fumes, plus the gaseous compounds, including nitrous gases and ozone, were monitored. During the exposure period, the animals were sacrificed after the initial 2-h exposure and after 15, 30, 60, and 90 days. Histopathological examinations were conducted on the animals' upper respiratory tract, including the nasal pathway and conducting airway, plus the gas exchange region, including the alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli. When compared to the control group, the lung weights did not increase significantly in the low-dose group, yet in the high-dose group there was a significant increase from day 15 to day 90. The histopathological examination combined with fibrosis-specific staining (Masson's trichrome) indicated that the lungs in the low-dose group did not exhibit any progressive fibrotic changes. Whereas, the lungs in the high-dose group exhibited early delicate fibrosis from day 15, which progressed into the perivascular and peribronchiolar regions by day 30. Interstitial fibrosis appeared at day 60 and became prominent by day 90, along with the additional appearance of pleural fibrosis. Accordingly, it would appear that a significant dose of welding-fume exposure was required to induce lung fibrosis.
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Choi HG, Lee BJ, Han JH, Lee MK, Park KM, Yong CS, Rhee JD, Kim YB, Kim CK. Terfenadine-beta-Cyclodextrin inclusion complex with antihistaminic activity enhancement. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2001; 27:857-62. [PMID: 11699838 DOI: 10.1081/ddc-100107250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Terfenadine, an antihistaminic drug, has relatively low bioavailability after oral administration due to its limited solubility in water. To enhance the antihistaminic activity of terfenadine, the terfenadine-beta-cyclodextrin (1:2) inclusion complex was prepared by the neutralization method. The solubility and dissolution of the inclusion complex were carried out, and its antihistaminic activity was then evaluated and compared with terfenadine powder by the passive subcutaneous anaphylaxis method in rats. The formation constant of the inclusion complex was higher at lower pH, while its formation ratio was 1:2 irrespective of pH. For terfenadine, it improved the solubility 200 times and the dissolution rate 5 times. It gave a low histamine level at 30 min, followed by a sustained low level until 60 min, while terfenadine powder gave a low histamine level at 60 min, suggesting that it had faster and more effective antihistaminic activity than terfenadine powder in rats due to fast dissolution and absorption of terfenadine. It is concluded that this inclusion complex enhanced the antihistaminic activity of terfenadine following the enhanced solubility and dissolution of terfenadine.
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Choi YK, Han JH, Joo HS. Identification of novel Helicobacter species in pig stomachs by PCR and partial sequencing. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:3311-5. [PMID: 11526168 PMCID: PMC88336 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.9.3311-3315.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence of infection with Helicobacter species in pig stomach was investigated by the use of a PCR with Helicobacter genus-specific primers. Forty pig stomachs, each of four different ulcer lesion grades, 0, 1, 2, and 3 in the pars esophagea area, were collected from a slaughterhouse in Minnesota. Of 160 stomach samples examined, 102 (63.8%) were positive by the PCR assay. The 40 samples each of lesion grades 0, 1, 2, and 3 showed 22.5, 52.5, 85.0, and 95.0% PCR-positive results, respectively. There was a significant trend (P < or = 0.01) in the proportions of PCR-positive cases relative to severity of the lesion. About 80% of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified, and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns were analyzed. Of 102 PCR-positive samples, the PCR-RFLP patterns resulted in four different types, 32 samples being classified into type MN 1, 16 samples into type MN 2, 43 samples into type MN 3, and 11 samples into type MN 4. When the sequences of each RFLP type were compared to those reported in databases by using BLAST software, types MN 1, MN 2, MN 3, and MN 4 showed homologies of 97.3, 95.4, 96.7, and 99.5% with the 16S ribosomal DNA of Helicobacter flexispira taxon 3, Helicobacter sp. strains MIT 94-022 and MZ 640285, and Helicobacter suis, respectively. None of the 102 samples positive for the Helicobacter genus were positive with a primer set specific for Helicobacter pylori. Attempts to culture the organisms from selected stomachs in vitro were unsuccessful.
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Wang QH, Han JH, Lee DH. Superfluid density in the d-density-wave scenario. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:077004. [PMID: 11497911 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.077004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recently Chakravarty, Laughlin, Morr, and Nayak [Phys. Rev. B 62, 4880 (2000)] made an interesting proposal that the cuprate superconductors possess a hidden " d-density-wave" (DDW) order. We study the implication of this proposal for the superfluid density rho(s). We find that it predicts a temperature gradient [d rho(s)/dT](T = 0) that is strongly doping dependent near the critical doping at which the superconducting gap vanishes. This demonstrates that the DDW scenario is inconsistent with existing well-established experimental data.
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Kim TI, Lee YC, Lee KH, Han JH, Chon CY, Moon YM, Kang JK, Park IS. Effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric mucosae of mice: apoptosis, cell proliferation, and inflammatory activity. Infect Immun 2001; 69:5056-63. [PMID: 11447186 PMCID: PMC98600 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.8.5056-5063.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2001] [Accepted: 04/29/2001] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are two well-known important causative factors of gastric damage. While H. pylori increases apoptosis and the proliferation of gastric epithelial cells and is an important factor in peptic ulcer and gastric cancer, NSAIDs induce cell apoptosis and have antineoplastic effects. We investigated the effects of NSAIDs (a nonselective cyclooxygenase [COX] inhibitor [indomethacin] and a selective COX-2 inhibitor [NS-398]) on the apoptosis and proliferation of gastric epithelial cells and gastric inflammation in H. pylori-infected mice. C57BL/6 mice were sacrificed 8 weeks after H. pylori SS1 inoculation. Indomethacin (2 mg/kg) or NS-398 (10 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously once daily for 10 days before sacrifice. The following were assessed: gastric inflammatory activity, gastric COX protein expression by Western blotting; gastric prostaglandin E(2) levels by enzyme immunoassay, apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling, and cell proliferation by Ki67 immunostaining. Compared to the controls, H. pylori infection and/or NSAID treatment increased COX-1 and COX-2 protein expression. Gastric prostaglandin E(2) levels, apoptotic index, cell proliferation index, neutrophil activity, and the degree of chronic inflammation were all increased by H. pylori infection, and these effects were significantly decreased by indomethacin treatment. However, NS-398 treatment after H. pylori infection did not induce a significant reduction, although it did result in a tendency to decrease. These results show that NSAIDs can reverse the increased apoptosis and proliferation of epithelial cells and inflammatory activity in the stomachs of H. pylori-infected mice and that, like COX-2 activation, COX-1 induction contributes to the change of gastric mucosal cell turnover and inflammation induced by H. pylori infection.
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Stephens JC, Schneider JA, Tanguay DA, Choi J, Acharya T, Stanley SE, Jiang R, Messer CJ, Chew A, Han JH, Duan J, Carr JL, Lee MS, Koshy B, Kumar AM, Zhang G, Newell WR, Windemuth A, Xu C, Kalbfleisch TS, Shaner SL, Arnold K, Schulz V, Drysdale CM, Nandabalan K, Judson RS, Ruano G, Vovis GF. Haplotype variation and linkage disequilibrium in 313 human genes. Science 2001; 293:489-93. [PMID: 11452081 DOI: 10.1126/science.1059431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 562] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Variation within genes has important implications for all biological traits. We identified 3899 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were present within 313 genes from 82 unrelated individuals of diverse ancestry, and we organized the SNPs into 4304 different haplotypes. Each gene had several variable SNPs and haplotypes that were present in all populations, as well as a number that were population-specific. Pairs of SNPs exhibited variability in the degree of linkage disequilibrium that was a function of their location within a gene, distance from each other, population distribution, and population frequency. Haplotypes generally had more information content (heterozygosity) than did individual SNPs. Our analysis of the pattern of variation strongly supports the recent expansion of the human population.
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Lee JA, Kim HK, Kim KH, Han JH, Lee YS, Lim CS, Chang DJ, Kubo T, Kaang BK. Overexpression of and RNA interference with the CCAAT enhancer-binding protein on long-term facilitation of Aplysia sensory to motor synapses. Learn Mem 2001; 8:220-6. [PMID: 11533225 PMCID: PMC311377 DOI: 10.1101/lm.40201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the marine mollusk Aplysia, the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein, ApC/EBP, serves as an immediate early gene in the consolidation of long-term facilitation in the synaptic connection between the sensory and motor neurons of the gill-withdrawal reflex. To further examine the role of ApC/EBP as a molecular switch of a stable form of long-term memory, we cloned the full-length coding regions of two alternatively spliced forms, the short and long form of ApC/EBP. Overexpression of each isoform by DNA microinjection resulted in a l6-fold increase in the expression of the coinjected luciferase reporter gene driven by an ERE promoter. In addition, when we overexpressed ApC/EBP in Aplysia sensory neurons, we found that the application of a single pulse of 5-HT that normally induced only short-term facilitation now induced long-term facilitation. Conversely, when we attempted to block the synthesis of native ApC/EBP by microinjecting double-strand RNA or antisense RNA, we blocked long-term facilitation in a sequence-specific manner. These data support the idea that ApC/EBP is both necessary and sufficient to consolidate short-term memory into long-term memory. Furthermore, our results suggest that this double-strand RNA interference provides a powerful tool in the study of the genes functioning in learning and memory in Aplysia by specifically inhibiting both the constitutive and induced expression of the genes.
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Han JH, Choi SJ, Kurihara N, Koide M, Oba Y, Roodman GD. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha is an osteoclastogenic factor in myeloma that is independent of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand. Blood 2001; 97:3349-53. [PMID: 11369623 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v97.11.3349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A complementary DNA expression library derived from marrow samples from myeloma patients was recently screened and human macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (hMIP-1alpha) was identified as an osteoclastogenic factor expressed in these samples. hMIP-1alpha enhanced osteoclast (OCL) formation in human marrow cultures and by highly purified OCL precursors in a dose-dependent manner (5-200 pg/mL). Furthermore, hMIP-1alpha enhanced OCL formation induced by human interleukin-6 (IL-6), which is produced by marrow stromal cells when they interact with myeloma cells. hMIP-1alpha also enhanced OCL formation induced by parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL), factors also implicated in myeloma bone disease. Time-course studies revealed that the hMIP-1alpha acted during the last 2 weeks of the 3-week culture period. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the chemokine receptors for hMIP-1alpha (CCR1 and CCR5) were expressed by human bone marrow and highly purified early OCL precursors. Furthermore, hMIP-1alpha did not increase expression of RANKL. These data demonstrate that hMIP-1alpha is an osteoclastogenic factor that appears to act directly on human OCL progenitors and acts at the later stages of OCL differentiation. These data further suggest that in patients with myeloma, MIP-1alpha produced by myeloma cells, in combination with RANKL and IL-6 that are produced by marrow stromal cells in response to myeloma cells, enhances OCL formation through their combined effects on OCL precursors. (Blood. 2001;97:3349-3353)
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Chang SA, Cha BY, Yoo SJ, Ahn YB, Song KH, Han JH, Lee JM, Son HS, Yoon KH, Kang MI, Lee KW, Son HY, Kang SK. The effect of cilostazol on glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in a rat model of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Korean J Intern Med 2001; 16:87-92. [PMID: 11590907 PMCID: PMC4531709 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2001.16.2.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that many peripheral vasodilating drugs might improve insulin resistance. Cilostazol, a antithrombotic agent, increases peripheral blood flow in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients. The effect of cilostazol treatment on insulin resistance in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced non-insulin dependent diabetic Wistar rats was examined. METHODS About a half of two-day old neonate siblings were injected intraperitoneally with STZ and maintained for six months, at which time they were compared with age-matched control rats for intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and for glucose infusion rate (GINF) in a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose-clamp study. After that, these studies were also performed after feeding rat chow containing cilostazol (100 mg/kg/day) to rats with STZ-induced non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus for four-weeks and compared with those of age-matched control rats. RESULTS In the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test studies, plasma glucose levels of STZ-induced non-insulin dependent diabetic rats were significantly higher and plasma insulin levels significantly lower than those of age-matched control rats in the age of six months. Glucose infusion rate was lower in STZ-induced non-insulin dependent diabetic rats than those of age-matched control rats. However, after a four-week cilostazol treatment, glucose infusion rate of STZ-induced non-insulin dependent diabetic rats was not significantly different from that of control rats. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that cilostazol may improve insulin resistance in STZ-induced non-insulin dependent diabetic rats.
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Kim JH, Mun YJ, Im SJ, Han JH, Lee HS, Woo WH. Effects of the aqueous extract of epimedii herba on the antibody responses in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2001; 1:935-44. [PMID: 11379048 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5769(01)00030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies and cytokines in serum were detected in male ICR mice treated with the aqueous extract of Epimedii Herba (AEEH) at doses of 40, 120 and 360 mg/kg orally for 2 weeks. Effects of AEEH on antibody forming responses were assessed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of immunoglobulin (Ig) levels in serum collected 7 days after priming with ovalbumin (OVA) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or immediately without priming at week 2. The relative spleen weight was significantly increased by AEEH, compared with controls, especially at a dose of 120 mg/kg of it after priming with OVA and 40 mg/kg without priming, respectively. However, body weight gain was slightly decreased in AEEH-fed mice. The enhancement of total serum IgG and IgG1 levels in unprimed mice was statistically significant in mice fed 40 mg/kg AEEH. Total serum IgG2a levels and Il-4 secretion were also statistically augmented by all groups of AEEH treatment. A tendency to marked increase of total serum IgM level and IFN-gamma secretion was also observed in mice fed 40 and 120 mg/kg AEEH but not those fed 360 mg/kg AEEH. When mice were immunized with OVA, furthermore, a marked stimulation of antibody formation and cytokines secretion was observed in all groups of AEEH-fed mice compared with controls. These findings indicate that AEEH at therapeutic concentrations enhances the production of antibodies and cytokines in mice, and the enhancing effects are more marked when the mice were immunized with OVA. Thus, these results suggest that AEEH is effective on Th cell functions, and protective effects on host against immune diseases.
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Abstract
We used polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-selective complementary DNA (cDNA) subtraction hybridization with an immortalized murine osteoclast (OCL) precursor cell line to identify genes that are highly expressed in OCLs compared with OCL precursors and which may be involved in the OCL differentiation process. ADAM8 was one of the 50 genes identified. ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) peptides are membrane-bound proteins that can act as cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix adhesion molecules, degrade the extracellular matrix, and play a role in tissue morphogenesis. Addition of antisense (AS) S-oligonucleotides for ADAM8 (1-10 nM) to mouse bone marrow cultures treated with 10(-9) M 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] significantly inhibited OCL formation compared with treatment with the control S-oligonucleotide. Furthermore, conditioned media from 293 cells transiently transfected with a secretable form of the ADAM8 cDNA increased OCL formation in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, treatment of OCLs with soluble ADAM8 conditioned media significantly increased pit formation per dentin slice compared with control OCLs. Time course studies indicated that ADAM8 increased OCL formation only when it was present during days 4-7 of the 7-day culture period. Structural analysis, using truncated constructs of ADAM8, showed that the cysteine-rich/disintegrin domain was responsible for its OCL stimulatory activity. Western blot analysis confirmed that the soluble form of ADAM8 is present in normal marrow cultures. These data suggest that ADAM8 plays an important role in OCL formation and acts primarily at the later stages of OCL differentiation.
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Ko YH, Choi KE, Han JH, Kim JM, Ree HJ. Comparative genomic hybridization study of nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma. CYTOMETRY 2001; 46:85-91. [PMID: 11309817 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma is a rare type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The genetic changes associated with pathogenesis have not been well defined. This study investigates the nonrandom genetic alteration of nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma. METHODS Nine cases were studied. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was carried out using fresh tumor tissues of seven nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphomas. To complement the data by CGH, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of chromosomes 6q, 1p, and 17p using polymorphic markers and p53 gene mutation by polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) were analyzed. RESULTS The DNA copy number changes of seven nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphomas were gains on chromosomes 2q(5), 13q(4), 10q(3), 21q(2), 3q(2), 5q(2), and 17q(2), and losses involving chromosomes 1p(4), 17p(4), 12q(3), 13q(2), and 6q(1). One of six cases informative for at least two markers for chromosome 6q showed LOH at D6S300, D6S1639, D6S261, D6S407, and D6S292. Two cases showing loss of 1p and 17q by CGH revealed LOH at D1S214, D1S503, and D17S559. P53 mutation was detected in exon 8 in one of nine cases. CONCLUSIONS Frequent DNA losses at 1p, 17p, and 12q and gains at 2q, 13q, and 10q suggested that these regions could be targets for further molecular genetic analysis to investigate tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes associated with tumorigenesis of NK/T-cell lymphoma. Infrequent alteration of 6q contrary to previous studies raises doubt about an implication of 6q loss in the pathogenesis of early-stage NK/T-cell lymphoma. Further studies on more defined cases are required to verify their association.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6
- DNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Female
- Genetic Markers
- Humans
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
- Karyotyping
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/pathology
- Loss of Heterozygosity
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Nose Neoplasms/genetics
- Nose Neoplasms/metabolism
- Nose Neoplasms/pathology
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
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93
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Han JH, Krochta JM, Kurth MJ, Hsieh YL. Lactitol-based poly(ether polyol) hydrogels for controlled release chemical and drug delivery systems. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2000; 48:5278-5282. [PMID: 11087472 DOI: 10.1021/jf991329a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The hydroxyl groups of lactitol were propoxylated to produce poly(ether polyol) (LPEP). The average pK(a) value of hydroxyl groups of the polyol was 1.63. Cross-linked hydrogels were synthesized by esterification with chlorinated poly(ethylene glycol) bis(carboxymethyl) ether (PEGBCOCl). The swelling ratio decreased with increasing cross-linking ratio (PEGBCOCl:LPEP) from 2:1 to 4:1 in the hydrogels and was sensitive to temperature change between 25 and 55 degrees C and concentrations of salt and glucose. The swelling ratio did not change significantly with pH in the range of 4-9. The release profiles of a model active agent, acetylsalicylic acid, from the hydrogels showed that the diffusional release rate had a half-order dependence on time, and the diffusivity decreased with increasing cross-linking ratio. This work demonstrated that LPEP-based hydrogels can be used for controlled delivery of drugs and agrochemicals and the release rates can be controlled with the cross-linking ratio of the hydrogel.
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94
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Han JH, Krochta JM, Hsieh YL, Kurth MJ. Mechanism and characteristics of protein release from lactitol-based cross-linked hydrogel. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2000; 48:5658-5665. [PMID: 11087535 DOI: 10.1021/jf0002239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Lactitol-based cross-linked hydrogel was synthesized, and model proteins (alpha-chymotrypsin, beta-lactoglobulin, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and gamma-globulin) were incorporated into the cross-linked hydrogel. The larger-molecular-weight proteins have lower diffusivity (D(e)) in the hydrogel. Increasing temperature accelerated the diffusion rate of proteins; however, the diffusion did not follow the Arrhenius equation at temperatures above 37 degrees C. The swelling ratio of the hydrogel was slightly decreased after heating for 2 h at 37 and 45 degrees C, and significantly reduced after 1 h at 60 degrees C. Therefore, diffusion of beta-lactoglobulin and BSA may be decreased by hydrogel shrinking at temperature over 37 degrees C. The model proteins have high affinities to buffer solution compared to the hydrogel network structure, resulting in high partition coefficients (K > 1) which do not affect the calculation of D(e) values. Incorporated protein release follows the theory of hindered diffusion.
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95
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Han JH, Kim SH, Noh SH, Lee YC, Kim HG, Yang WI. Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma presenting as a submucosal tumor of the stomach. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2000; 124:1693-6. [PMID: 11079028 DOI: 10.5858/2000-124-1693-fdcspa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Follicular dendritic cell (FDC) sarcomas, especially those of extranodal origin, are extremely rare, and this entity could easily be missed without a high index of suspicion. We report a case of FDC sarcoma presenting as a submucosal tumor of the stomach in a 45-year-old man. The mass was a spindle and epithelioid mesenchymal tumor with many individually scattered and perivascular aggregates of lymphocytes. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies confirmed the diagnosis. Although more than 50 cases of this tumor have been documented in the English literature, to our knowledge the presentation of FDC sarcoma as a submucosal tumor of the stomach has never been recorded. This case highlights the occurrence of FDC sarcoma as a submucosal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. We believe that FDC sarcoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of spindle or epithelioid cell tumors of the gastrointestinal hollow viscus to prevent this still under-recognized tumor from being overlooked.
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96
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Han JH, Lee SH, Tan YQ, LeMosy EK, Hashimoto C. Gastrulation defective is a serine protease involved in activating the receptor toll to polarize the Drosophila embryo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:9093-7. [PMID: 10922064 PMCID: PMC16827 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.16.9093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The dorsoventral axis of the Drosophila embryo is induced by a ventrally restricted ligand for the receptor Toll. The Toll ligand is generated by a proteolytic processing reaction, which occurs at the end of a proteolytic cascade and requires the gastrulation defective (gd), nudel, pipe, and windbeutel genes. Here we demonstrate that the GD protein is a serine protease and that the three other genes act to restrict GD activity to the ventral side of the embryo. Our data support a model in which the GD protease catalyzes the ventral activation of the proteolytic cascade that produces the Toll ligand.
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97
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Lee CS, Han ES, Jang YY, Han JH, Ha HW, Kim DE. Protective effect of harmalol and harmaline on MPTP neurotoxicity in the mouse and dopamine-induced damage of brain mitochondria and PC12 cells. J Neurochem 2000; 75:521-31. [PMID: 10899927 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0750521.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study elucidated the protective effect of beta-carbolines (harmaline, harmalol, and harmine) on oxidative neuronal damage. MPTP treatment increased activities of total superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase and levels of malondialdehyde and carbonyls in the basal ganglia, diencephalon plus midbrain of brain compared with control mouse brain. Coadministration of harmalol (48 mg/kg) attenuated the MPTP effect on the enzyme activities and formation of tissue peroxidation products. Harmaline, harmalol, and harmine attenuated both the 500 microM MPP(+)-induced inhibition of electron flow and membrane potential formation and the 100 microM dopamine-induced thiol oxidation and carbonyl formation in mitochondria. The scavenging action of beta-carbolines on hydroxyl radicals was represented by inhibition of 2-deoxy-D-ribose degradation. Harmaline and harmalol (100 microM) attenuated 200 microM dopamine-induced viability loss in PC12 cells. The beta-carbolines (50 microM) attenuated 50 microM dopamine-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. The compounds alone did not exhibit significant cytotoxic effects. The results indicate that beta-carbolines attenuate brain damage in mice treated with MPTP and MPP(+)-induced mitochondrial damage. The compounds may prevent dopamine-induced mitochondrial damage and PC12 cell death through a scavenging action on reactive oxygen species and inhibition of monoamine oxidase and thiol oxidation.
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98
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Han JH, Lee DH. Structure of a vortex in the t-J model. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 85:1100-1103. [PMID: 10991484 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.85.1100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We study the single-vortex solution of the t-J model within resonating-valence-bond mean-field theory. We find two types of vortex cores, insulating and metallic, depending on the parameters of the model. The pairing order parameter near both cores have d(x(2)-y(2))+ietad(xy) symmetry. For some range of t/J the calculated tunneling spectrum of the metallic vortex core agrees qualitatively with the STM tunneling data for BSCCO.
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99
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Yu IJ, Kim KJ, Chang HK, Song KS, Han KT, Han JH, Maeng SH, Chung YH, Park SH, Chung KH, Han JS, Chung HK. Pattern of deposition of stainless steel welding fume particles inhaled into the respiratory systems of Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to a novel welding fume generating system. Toxicol Lett 2000; 116:103-11. [PMID: 10906427 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(00)00209-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate occupational diseases related to welding fume exposure, such as nasal septum perforation, pneumoconiosis and manganese intoxication, we built a welding fume exposure system that included a welding fume generator, exposure chamber and fume collector. The fume concentrations in the exposure chamber were monitored every 15 min during a 2-h exposure. Fume (mg/m(3)) concentrations of major metals, including Fe, Mn, Cr, and Ni were found to be consistently maintained. An acute inhalation toxicity study was conducted by exposing male Sprague-Dawley rats to the welding fumes generated in this apparatus by stainless steel arc welding. The rats were exposed in the inhalation chamber to a welding fume with a concentration of 62 mg/m(3) total suspended particulates for 4 h. Animals were sacrificed at 4 h and at 1, 3, 7, 10, and 14 days after exposure. Histopathological examinations were conducted on the animals' upper respiratory tracts, including the nasal pathway and the conducting airway, and on the gas exchange region including the alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli. Diameters of fume particles varied from 0.02 to 0.81 microm and were distributed log normally, with a mean diameter of 0.1 microm and geometric standard deviation of 1.42. Rats exposed to the welding fume for 4 h did not show any significant respiratory system toxicity. The mean particle diameter of 0.1 microm resulted in little adsorption of the welding fume particles in the upper respiratory tract. Particle adsorption took place principally in the lower respiratory tracts, including bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli.
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100
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Kwon HM, Kim DK, Hahn TW, Han JH, Jackwood DJ. Sequence of precursor polyprotein gene (segment A) of infectious bursal disease viruses isolated in Korea. Avian Dis 2000; 44:691-6. [PMID: 11007021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The coding regions of segment A of two recent Korean very virulent (vv) infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) isolates (KK1 and KSH) and one atypical IBDV isolate (K310) were amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, sequenced, and compared with published sequences for IBDV. The overall amino acid sequence similarity of the KK1 and KSH strains compared with foreign vvIBDV strains was between 97.43% and 98.02%. The KK1 and KSH strains, like vvIBDV strains, share unique amino acid residues at positions 222(A), 256(I), 294(I), and 299(S). The sequence of K310 strain was markedly different from other IBDV strains. The K310 strain had 12, 2, and 1 unique amino acid substitutions in the VP2 hypervariable region, VP4, and VP3 gene, respectively, and 3 of 12 substitutions in a VP2 hypervariable region were found in two hydrophilic regions known to be involved in antigenic determination. Also, the K310 strain had 222(S) and 254(S), which were found in variant IBDV strains. The SWSASGS heptapeptide is conserved in all Korean IBDV isolates. By phylogenetic analysis, KK1 and KSH were categorized in one group with foreign vvIBDV isolates, but K310 isolate was categorized in a separate group that was differentiated from the other IBDV strains compared. The K310 strain seemed to be evolved from a separate lineage of IBDV strain.
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