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Flemington V, Simpson I, Davies E, Robinson D, Lindsay N, Hanson L, Hopcroft P, Tonge M, Roberts K, Ward R. Abstract B156: Discovery and characterization of AZ6197, a potent and selective ERK1/2 inhibitor. Mol Cancer Ther 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-17-b156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The RAS/MAPK pathway is a major driver in oncogenesis and is dysregulated in approximately 30% of human cancers, primarily by mutations in BRAF or RAS genes. The extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERK1 and ERK2) serve as key central nodes within this pathway. The feasibility of targeting the RAS/MAPK pathway has been demonstrated by the initial positive clinical responses observed to BRAF and MEK inhibitors in BRAF V600E/K metastatic melanoma; however, resistance frequently develops by reactivation of the RAS/MAPK pathway. Direct targeting of ERK1/2 may provide another therapeutic option in tumors with mutations in BRAF or RAS genes and, importantly, may overcome acquired resistance to RAF and MEK inhibitors where RAS/MAPK pathway reactivation has occurred, such as relapsed BRAF V600E/K melanoma. Here we describe the discovery and characterization of compound 35 (Ward et al., J Med Chem 2017 27;60), also known as AZ6197. AZ6197 is a highly potent and selective inhibitor of ERK1 and ERK2, with IC50 of <1nM in biochemical assays. AZ6197 reduces cellular phospho-p90RSK1 levels in BRAF and RAS mutant cancer cell lines and inhibits proliferation of cancer cell lines exhibiting dysregulation of RAS/MAPK pathway signaling, including cell lines with mutations in BRAF, NRAS, or KRAS. AZ6197 is also active in multiple BRAF- and MEK- inhibitor resistant A375 melanoma cell lines, which have acquired a range of mutations that reactivate the RAS/MAPK pathway. In tumor xenograft models, AZ6197 reduces the pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarkers phospho-p90RSK1 and phospho-FRA1 in tumors in line with compound exposure levels, and induces significant tumor regression in the KRAS mutant NSCLC Calu 6 xenograft model. AZ6197 can be combined safely and effectively with the MEK1/2 inhibitor selumetinib in KRAS mutant NSCLC xenograft models, and this simultaneous targeting of MEK and ERK leads to synergistic tumor regressions being observed in multiple xenografts. In summary, AZ6197 is a potent and selective ERK1/2 inhibitor with activity in cell lines and tumor xenograft models with RAS/MAPK pathway activation. AZ6197 also has significant activity in BRAF mutant melanoma cell lines in which resistance to RAF and MEK inhibitors is due to the acquisition of NRAS and MEK1 mutations. Combination treatment of AZ6197 and the MEK1/2 inhibitor selumetinib drives synergistic tumor regression in multiple KRAS mutant xenograft models.
Citation Format: Vikki Flemington, Iain Simpson, Emma Davies, David Robinson, Nicola Lindsay, Lyndsey Hanson, Philip Hopcroft, Michael Tonge, Karen Roberts, Richard Ward. Discovery and characterization of AZ6197, a potent and selective ERK1/2 inhibitor [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2017 Oct 26-30; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2018;17(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B156.
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Roberts K, Mason R, Vagenas D, Lwin Z, Hughes B, Jain V, O’Byrne K. P2.07-032 Outcomes of Nivolumab in Metastatic NSCLC Patients via the Access Program Across Multiple Tertiary Oncology Centres. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.11.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Roberts K, Tran Q, Eliadis P, Hughes B, O’Byrne K. P2.07-033 Anti-PD1-Induced Rotator Cuff Injury: A Case Series. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.11.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Roberts K, Chan Tseung HSW, Beltran C, Laack N. Biologic Dose and Imaging Changes in Spot Scanning Proton Therapy in Pediatric Brain Tumor Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Basch K, Madril P, Hart P, Roberts K. Differences in Dietary Patterns and Nutrient Intake in Chronic Pancreatitis: A Case Control Study. J Acad Nutr Diet 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wilhite T, Routman D, Arnett A, Glasgow A, Habermann E, Boorjian S, Jethwa K, Pisansky T, Mynderse L, Roberts K, Frank I, Choo C, Davis B, Stish B. Increased Utilization of External Beam Radiation Therapy Relative to Cystectomy for Localized, Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: A SEER Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Merkatz R, Simmons K, Kumar N, Variano B, Plagianos M, Roberts K, Han L, Creasy G. Effects of coadministration of vaginal miconazole nitrate on the pharmacokinetics andabsorption of the nestorone and ethinyl estradiol contraceptive vaginal ring. Fertil Steril 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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83
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Carlyle M, Dumay N, Roberts K, McAndrew A, Stevens T, Lawn W, Morgan CJA. Improved memory for information learnt before alcohol use in social drinkers tested in a naturalistic setting. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6213. [PMID: 28740085 PMCID: PMC5524957 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06305-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is known to facilitate memory if given after learning information in the laboratory; we aimed to investigate whether this effect can be found when alcohol is consumed in a naturalistic setting. Eighty-eight social drinkers were randomly allocated to either an alcohol self-dosing or a sober condition. The study assessed both retrograde facilitation and alcohol induced memory impairment using two independent tasks. In the retrograde task, participants learnt information in their own homes, and then consumed alcohol ad libitum. Participants then undertook an anterograde memory task of alcohol impairment when intoxicated. Both memory tasks were completed again the following day. Mean amount of alcohol consumed was 82.59 grams over the evening. For the retrograde task, as predicted, both conditions exhibited similar performance on the memory task immediately following learning (before intoxication) yet performance was better when tested the morning after encoding in the alcohol condition only. The anterograde task did not reveal significant differences in memory performance post-drinking. Units of alcohol drunk were positively correlated with the amount of retrograde facilitation the following morning. These findings demonstrate the retrograde facilitation effect in a naturalistic setting, and found it to be related to the self-administered grams of alcohol.
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Ferrini ME, Hong S, Stierle A, Stierle D, Stella N, Roberts K, Jaffar Z. CB2 receptors regulate natural killer cells that limit allergic airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma. Allergy 2017; 72:937-947. [PMID: 27992060 DOI: 10.1111/all.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease involving the complementary actions of innate and adaptive immune responses. Endogenously generated cannabinoids acting via CB2 receptors play important roles in both homeostatic and inflammatory processes. However, the contribution of CB2-acting eicosanoids to the innate events preceding sensitization to the common house dust mite (HDM) allergen remains to be elucidated. We investigated the role of CB2 activation during allergen-induced pulmonary inflammation and natural killer (NK) cell effector function. METHODS Lung mucosal responses in CB2-deficient (CB2-/- ) mice were examined and compared with wild-type (WT) littermates following intranasal exposure to HDM allergen. RESULTS Mice lacking CB2 receptors exhibited elevated numbers of pulmonary NK cells yet were resistant to the induction of allergic inflammation exemplified by diminished airway eosinophilia, type 2 cytokine production and mucus secretion after allergen inhalation. This phenomenon was corroborated when WT mice were treated with a CB2-specific antagonist that caused a pronounced inhibition of HDM-induced airway inflammation and goblet cell hyperplasia. Unexpectedly, the preponderance of NK cells in the lungs of CB2-/- mice correlated with reduced numbers of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). Depletion of NK cells restored the allergen responsiveness in the lungs and was associated with elevated ILC2 numbers. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results reveal that CB2 activation is crucial in regulating pulmonary NK cell function, and suggest that NK cells serve to limit ILC2 activation and subsequent allergic airway inflammation. CB2 inhibition may present an important target to modulate NK cell response during pulmonary inflammation.
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Ward RA, Bethel P, Cook C, Davies E, Debreczeni JE, Fairley G, Feron L, Flemington V, Graham MA, Greenwood R, Griffin N, Hanson L, Hopcroft P, Howard TD, Hudson J, James M, Jones CD, Jones CR, Lamont S, Lewis R, Lindsay N, Roberts K, Simpson I, St-Gallay S, Swallow S, Tang J, Tonge M, Wang Z, Zhai B. Structure-Guided Discovery of Potent and Selective Inhibitors of ERK1/2 from a Modestly Active and Promiscuous Chemical Start Point. J Med Chem 2017; 60:3438-3450. [PMID: 28376306 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
There are a number of small-molecule inhibitors targeting the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway that have either been approved or are in clinical development for oncology across a range of disease indications. The inhibition of ERK1/2 is of significant current interest, as cell lines with acquired resistance to BRAF and MEK inhibitors have been shown to maintain sensitivity to ERK1/2 inhibition in preclinical models. This article reports on our recent work to identify novel, potent, and selective reversible ERK1/2 inhibitors from a low-molecular-weight, modestly active, and highly promiscuous chemical start point, compound 4. To guide and inform the evolution of this series, inhibitor binding mode information from X-ray crystal structures was critical in the rapid exploration of this template to compound 35, which was active when tested in in vivo antitumor efficacy experiments.
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Roberts K, Book N, Novi J. 48: Long-term anatomic and symptomatic outcomes for women who have undergone abdominal sacrohysteropexy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.12.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kerr C, Shields N, Quarmby L, Roberts K, Imms C. Supports and barriers to implementation of routine clinical assessment for children with cerebral palsy: A mixed-methods study. Disabil Rehabil 2016; 40:425-434. [DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2016.1258736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Roberts K, Gelder S, Wild H. Clinical research nurse interns: the future research workforce. Nurse Res 2016; 24:6-7. [PMID: 27855582 DOI: 10.7748/nr.24.2.6.s2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To ensure that patient care is continuously improved, it is essential that research becomes an integral aspect of clinical care and the NHS Constitution for England ( Department of Health 2012 ) sets out the patients' right to be involved in research as a treatment option.
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Albar S, Robinson S, Alwan N, Burley V, Finglas P, Harvey L, Johnson L, Ness A, Page P, Roberts K, Roe M, Steer T, Wark P, Cade J. P29 Best practice guidance for dietary assessment in research: DIET@NET Guidelines. J Epidemiol Community Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2016-208064.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Roberts K, Wang L, Reiboldt W, Gonitzke D. Intakes of Selenium and Calcium Are Inversely Correlated with Incidence of Colorectal Cancer: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2014. J Acad Nutr Diet 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.06.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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91
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Elenburg JL, Foley BS, Roberts K, Bayliss AJ. Utilization of mechanical diagnosis and therapy (MDT) for the treatment of lumbar pain in the presence of known lumbar transverse process fractures: a case study. J Man Manip Ther 2016; 24:74-9. [PMID: 27559276 DOI: 10.1179/2042618614y.0000000101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal fractures are typically considered a contraindication to mechanical diagnosis and therapy (MDT). OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE The purpose of this case study is to illustrate how MDT was used safely and effectively to treat lumbar pain in a patient with multiple lumbar transverse process fractures. CLINICAL PRESENTATION The subject was a 24-year-old female with left L2-5 transverse process fractures, sustained 10 weeks prior in a pedestrian versus motor vehicle accident. INTERVENTION AND TECHNIQUE After collaboration with her physiatrist, an MDT examination revealed a presentation consistent with the lumbar derangement syndrome. CONCLUSION After three visits, utilizing patient generated forces with the extension principle of treatment, her pain, Oswestry disability index (ODI) score, and function all improved.
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Louw J, Orr N, Horwitz S, Vergunst R, Tibbs J, Roberts K, Badroodien G, Kaplan S, Jeannot C, Nixon M. The emergence of psychological themes in the South African Medical Journal, 1927–1975. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/008124639502500205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The articles published in the South African Medical Journal between 1927 and 1975 were examined for the presence of psychological and psychiatric themes. Two hundred and seventy-seven articles and editorials were identified and analysed. The relative space allocated to issues psychological remained quite stable at low levels in the period under investigation. The following themes are discussed: psychopathology and treatment, psychoneuroses, psychology and physical disease, psychological testing, and psychology as an auxiliary to the medical profession.
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Roberts K, Cannon J, Carapetis J. PT287 Rheumatic Heart Disease Severity, Progression and Outcomes: A Multi-State Model. Glob Heart 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2016.03.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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94
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Roberts K, Cannon J, Atkinson D, Brown A, Maguire G, Remenyi B, Wheaton G, Geelhoed E, Carapetis J. PT298 A Cost Utility Analysis of Echocardiographic Screening for Rheumatic Heart Disease in Indigenous Australian Children. Glob Heart 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2016.03.622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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D’Cruz K, Unsworth C, Roberts K, Morarty J, Turner-Stokes L, Wellington-Boyd A, Matchado J, Lannin NA. Engaging patients with moderate to severe acquired brain injury in goal setting. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERAPY AND REHABILITATION 2016. [DOI: 10.12968/ijtr.2016.23.1.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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96
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Archer D, Thomas M, Conard J, Merkatz R, Creasy G, Roberts K, Plagianos M, Blithe D, Sitruk-Ware R. Impact on hepatic estrogen-sensitive proteins by a 1-year contraceptive vaginal ring delivering Nestorone® and ethinyl estradiol. Contraception 2016; 93:58-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Aloysius I, Amin K, Alexakis C, Wong C, Roberts K, Mathews K, Banks C. PEG insertions at Royal Surrey County Hospital (RSCH): Audit of mortality. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2015; 10:e187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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El-Rahman AIA, Kashi A, Cartledge JC, O'Sullivan M, Laperle C, Borowiec A, Roberts K. Simplified perturbation-based approach for predicting the tolerance to intra-channel nonlinear effects. 2015 EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL COMMUNICATION (ECOC) 2015. [DOI: 10.1109/ecoc.2015.7341781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Kashi AS, Cartledge JC, Bakhshali A, Rezania A, El-Rahman AIA, O'Sullivan M, Laperle C, Borowiec A, Roberts K. Information rates for the SP 128-QAM and DP 16-QAM modulation formats. 2015 EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL COMMUNICATION (ECOC) 2015. [DOI: 10.1109/ecoc.2015.7341640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Roberts K, Callis R, Ikeda T, Paunovic A, Simpson C, Tang E, Turton N, Walker G. Implementation and Challenges of Direct Acoustic Dosing into Cell-Based Assays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 21:76-89. [PMID: 26169025 DOI: 10.1177/2211068215595212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Since the adoption of Labcyte Echo Acoustic Droplet Ejection (ADE) technology by AstraZeneca in 2005, ADE has become the preferred method for compound dosing into both biochemical and cell-based assays across AstraZeneca research and development globally. The initial implementation of Echos and the direct dosing workflow provided AstraZeneca with a unique set of challenges. In this article, we outline how direct Echo dosing has evolved over the past decade in AstraZeneca. We describe the practical challenges of applying ADE technology to 96-well, 384-well, and 1536-well assays and how AstraZeneca developed and applied software and robotic solutions to generate fully automated and effective cell-based assay workflows.
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