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Katsumata E, Ueda Y, Arai K, Katsumata H, Kishimoto M, Watanabe G, Taya K. Circulating testosterone and inhibin levels at different ages in the male beluga (Delphinapterus leucas). J Vet Med Sci 2011; 74:293-300. [PMID: 21997236 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.10-0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is the first report on circulating testosterone and inhibin levels in a species of whales, the beluga. Circulating testosterone and immunoreactive (ir-) inhibin levels in two captive male belugas ("Nack", originally from Canada and "Duke", from the Okhotsk Sea) were measured every month for 9 years between 1995 and 2003. Assuming that clearly increased testosterone levels in the circulation indicates that the belugas had reached sexual maturity, at the ages of 10 ("Nack") and 11 years old ("Duke"). Their testosterone levels before the significant increase (pre-pubertal) were 0.42 ± 0.07 ng/ml (n=18) and 0.35 ± 0.10 ng/ml (n=18) and, those of after the increase (maturity) were 1.65 ± 0.14 ng/m l (n=74) and 2.06 ± 0.14 ng/ml (n=74). Circulating ir-inhibin levels before sexual maturity were 0.78 ± 0.04 ng/ml (n=18) and 0.64 ± 0.04 ng/ml (n=15) and, after sexual maturity were 0.52 ± 0.02 ng/ml (n=56) and 0.43 ± 0.02 ng/ml (n=67). Seasonal changes were observed in the testosterone levels after sexual maturity and the levels increased during March and April in Canadian origin "Nack", and peaked in February in Okhotsk origin "Duke". Circulating ir-inhibin level gradually decreased as they aged. A negative correlation between the circulating testosterone and ir-inhibin was observed. No seasonal changes were observed in the ir-inhibin levels after sexual maturity. These data will surely correspond to clarification of endocrinology and the successful reproduction of the beluga.
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Kandiel MMM, Watanabe G, Abou-El-Roos MEA, Abdel-Ghaffar AE, Sosa GA, El-Azab AESI, Nagaoka K, Li JY, Manabe N, Taya K. Follicular turnover and hormonal association in postpartum goats during early and late lactation. J Reprod Dev 2011; 58:61-8. [PMID: 21986231 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.11-012s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify the effect of lactation period on ovarian follicular activity and associated hormonal levels in goats, six goats were monitored daily by ultrasonographic examination with blood sampling during early (Days 5 to 25; Day 0 was the day of kidding) and late (Days 40 to 60) lactation. While the presence of a corpus luteum of pregnancy retarded follicular growth in the ipsilateral ovary until Days 11-13 postpartum, the total follicular number (TFN) and area (TFA) increased during late lactation due to the significant increase in the number of medium- and large-sized follicles and decrease in the number of small follicles. Four goats showed a similar pattern of follicular development during the period studied characterized by the emergence of five and six waves during the early and late lactation, respectively. The largest follicle diameter of the first three waves monitored during early lactation was significantly smaller as compared with the diameter of those existing during late lactation. TFN showed a positive correlation with FSH but showed a negative correlation with immunoreactive (ir-) inhibin and estradiol during the postpartum period. TFA was positively correlated with ir-inhibin, estradiol and PRL and negatively correlated with FSH during the monitored periods. The plasma levels of ir-inhibin and progesterone were significantly higher during late lactation compared with the levels recorded during early lactation. Ir-inhibin levels showed a significant positive correlation with LH and estradiol during early and late lactation but showed a negative correlation with FSH during the whole lactation period. LH was positively correlated with estradiol and PRL during early and late lactation, respectively. These results suggest that the lactation period has a detrimental effect on ovarian activity during the early postpartum period in goats.
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78
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Lu L, Zhang H, Lv N, Ma X, Tian L, Hu X, Liu S, Xu M, Weng Q, Watanabe G, Taya K. Immunolocalization of Androgen Receptor, Aromatase Cytochrome P450, Estrogen Receptor Alpha and Estrogen Receptor Beta Proteins during the Breeding Season in Scent Glands of Muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus). Zoolog Sci 2011; 28:727-32. [DOI: 10.2108/zsj.28.727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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79
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Lueders I, Taya K, Watanabe G, Yamamoto Y, Yamamoto T, Kaewmanee S, Niemuller C, Gray C, Streich WJ, Hildebrandt TB. Role of the Double Luteinizing Hormone Peak, Luteinizing Follicles, and the Secretion of Inhibin for Dominant Follicle Selection in Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus)1. Biol Reprod 2011; 85:714-20. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.110.090167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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80
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Hebishima T, Matsumoto Y, Watanabe G, Soma GI, Kohchi C, Taya K, Hayashi Y, Hirota Y. Oral administration of immunopotentiator from Pantoea agglomerans 1 (IP-PA1) improves the survival of B16 melanoma-inoculated model mice. Exp Anim 2011; 60:101-9. [PMID: 21512265 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.60.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the usefulness of the immunopotentiator from Pantoea agglomerans 1 (IP-PA1) as a supportive drug in melanoma therapy, we analyzed the immunological effects of IP-PA1 on melanoma-inoculated model mice. Oral administration of IP-PA1 increased the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α at 2 h after the administration and interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-12 at 12 h after the administration in naïve BALB/cCrSlc mice as evaluated by ELISA. IP-PA1 did not affect the proliferation of melanoma cells directly determined by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Combinatory treatment of IP-PA1 with doxorubicin for 9 days increased the serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-12 by 71.0 and 15.3%, respectively, compared to the treatment of doxorubicin alone in melanoma-bearing C57BL/6NCrSlc mice as evaluated by ELISA. It also increased the proportion of natural killer (NK) cells and the ratio of CD4(+) to CD8(+) T cells in the spleen from 6.1 ± 0.3 to 7.4 ± 0.5% and from 1.25 ± 0.03 to 1.38 ± 0.04, respectively, compared to the treatment of doxorubicin alone as analyzed by flow cytometry. The mean survival period of melanoma-bearing, doxorubicin treated mice was prolonged from 31.4 ± 7.1 to 35.3 ± 8.4, 51.1 ± 5.4, and 45.0 ± 8.4 days by combinatory treatment of IP-PA1 at the daily doses of 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg, respectively. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest the usefulness of IP-PA1 as a supportive drug in melanoma therapy.
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81
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Yamamoto Y, Yuto N, Yamamoto T, Kaewmanee S, Shiina O, Mouri Y, Narushima E, Katayanagi M, Sugimura K, Nagaoka K, Watanabe G, Taya K. Secretory Pattern of Inhibin During Estrous Cycle and Pregnancy in African (Loxodonta africana) and Asian (Elephas maximus) Elephants. Zoo Biol 2011; 31:511-22. [DOI: 10.1002/zoo.20415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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82
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Dhakal P, Tsunoda N, Nakai R, Kitaura T, Harada T, Ito M, Nagaoka K, Toishi Y, Taniyama H, Gen W, Taya K. Annual Changes in Day-length, Temperature, and Circulating Reproductive Hormones in Thoroughbred Stallions and Geldings. J Equine Sci 2011; 22:29-36. [PMID: 24833985 PMCID: PMC4013971 DOI: 10.1294/jes.22.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, immunoreactive(ir)-inhibin, testosterone, estradiol-17β, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I in Thoroughbred stallions along with changes in prolactin secretion in geldings were studied. The correlations of day-length with changes in the concentrations of these hormones were also studied. Five stallions and thirteen geldings were employed to draw blood samples in monthly basis and radioimmunoassay was performed to measure these hormones. All hormones showed a seasonal pattern, the levels being highest during the breeding season and lowest during the winter months. Most of the hormones were at their highest concentration during the month of April, the mid of spring in northern hemisphere. The concentration of circulating IGF-I also demonstrated seasonality, the peak lying on the month of April. The plasma concentration of prolactin also increased during the breeding season. This phenomenon was similar both in stallions and geldings although geldings had lower concentration than that of stallions. The changes in concentration of prolactin in stallions and geldings correlated more towards the day-length than towards the temperature. These results clearly indicate the seasonality of pituitary and gonadal hormones of Thoroughbred stallions, the activity being highest during the month of April and May of the breeding season.
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83
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Li X, Weng J, Liu S, Xu M, Weng Q, Watanabe G, Taya K. The Indispensable Role of Androgen in Follicular Development of Wild Female Ground Squirrels (Citellus dauricus Brandt) During Non-Breeding Season. Biol Reprod 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/biolreprod/85.s1.656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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84
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Sheng X, Wang Q, Tian Y, Liu S, Xu M, Weng Q, Watanabe G, Taya K. Seasonal Expression of Nerve Growth Factor and Its Receptors in the Wild Ground Squirrel Ovary. Biol Reprod 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/biolreprod/85.s1.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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85
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Shen Y, Li L, Liu Y, Ma J, Liu S, Xu M, Weng Q, Watanabe G, Taya K. Seasonal Changes in Immunoactivity of PPARG2, Leptin and Leptin Receptor in Oviduct of Chinese Brown Frogs (Rana chensinensis). Biol Reprod 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/biolreprod/85.s1.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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86
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Zhang H, Dai M, Rong H, Liu S, Xu M, Weng Q, Watanabe G, Taya K. Immunoactivities of Leptin and Leptin Receptor Associated Changes in Testicular Activity of Wild Male Ground Squirrels (Citellus dauricus Brandt) During Pre-Hibernation and Post-Hibernation. Biol Reprod 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/biolreprod/85.s1.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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87
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Ren L, Weng Q, Kishimoto M, Watanabe G, Jaroenporn S, Taya K. Effect of short period vasectomy on FSH, LH, inhibin and testosterone secretions, and sperm motility in adult male rats. Exp Anim 2011; 60:47-56. [PMID: 21325751 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.60.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to clarify changes in secretions of FSH, LH, inhibin and testosterone, and sperm motility after bilateral vasectomy in adult male rats. Bilateral vasectomy was created surgically (treated group) and intact rats were used as control (control group). On days 3, 5, 7, 14, 30, 60, and 90 after surgery, plasma concentrations of FSH, LH, inhibin, and testosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay, and sperm motility characteristics were measured by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). The results show that weights of epididymides significantly increased in vasectomized rats as compared to control rats. Histologically, damage to spermatogenesis was observed in vasectomized rats. Multinucleated giant cells were observed in the lumen of some seminiferous tubules, and there were degenerative spermatids in the epididymides of vasectomized rats. Plasma levels of LH, FSH, and testosterone only decreased on day 3 after vasectomy; however, plasma levels of ir-inhibin significantly increased on day 3 after vasectomy. In addition, the sperm motility parameters, straight-line velocity, curvilinear velocity, deviation of the sperm head from the mean trajectory and the maximum amplitude of lateral head displacement were decreased from day 60 after vasectomy. These results suggest that vasectomy reduces sperm motility starting from day 60 after vasectomy, and early bilateral vasectomy does not strongly affect the endocrine function of the testis, though it may result in damage to spermatogenesis in vasectomized rats.
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88
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Derar DR, Taya K, Watanabe G, Miyake YI. Characterization of Immunoreactive IGF-I Pattern During the Peri-ovulatory Period of the Oestrous Cycle of Thoroughbred Mares and Its Relation to Other Hormones. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 47:151-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01819.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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89
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Ono M, Ohtaki T, Tanemura K, Ishii M, Watanabe G, Taya K, Tsumagari S. Effect of short-term fasting on hepatic steroid hormone metabolism in cows. J Vet Med Sci 2011; 73:1145-9. [PMID: 21566399 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.10-0578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of 4-day fasting on steroid hormone metabolism in the liver and secretion of LH was examined in cows. Six non pregnant, dry Holstein cows were used. The estrous cycle was synchronized in all cows using CIDR-Ovsynch. Cows were allocated to a control group (n=3) and a fasting group (n=3). In the fasting group, cows were fasted for four days from day -4 to day -1 (day 0=day of 2nd GnRH injection) but otherwise were fed ad libitum. The experiment was repeated in a crossover design after an interval of about one month. The peripheral progesterone (P(4)) concentration in the fasting group was significantly higher than in the control group on day -1 and 0. The peripheral estradiol-17β concentration in the fasting group was also significantly higher than in the control group on day -1 and 0. The portal vein P(4) concentration in the fasting group was significantly higher than in the control group. On day 0, there was no difference in LH secretion between groups. The mean percentages of lipid droplets in liver cells in the fasting group were significantly higher than in the control group on day 0. These results suggest that short-term fasting leads to reduced hepatic steroid hormone metabolism by accumulation of fat in the liver, which causes high peripheral steroid hormone concentrations.
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90
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Taketa Y, Yoshida M, Inoue K, Takahashi M, Sakamoto Y, Watanabe G, Taya K, Yamate J, Nishikawa A. Differential Stimulation Pathways of Progesterone Secretion from Newly Formed Corpora Lutea in Rats Treated with Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether, Sulpiride, or Atrazine. Toxicol Sci 2011; 121:267-78. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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91
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Dhakal P, Tsunoda N, Nakai R, Nagaoka K, Nambo Y, Sato F, Taniyama H, Taya K. Post-Natal Dynamic Changes in Circulating Follicle-Stimulating Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone, Immunoreactive Inhibin, Progesterone, Testosterone and Estradiol-17β in Thoroughbred Colts until 6 Months of Age. J Equine Sci 2011; 22:9-15. [PMID: 24833982 PMCID: PMC4013995 DOI: 10.1294/jes.22.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of present study was to clarify the post-natal profile of follicle-stimulating
hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), immunoreactive (ir)-inhibin, progesterone,
testosterone, and estradiol-17β, and their relationships in Thoroughbred colts. Six
hundred and thirty-six colts were used for the study. Single plasma samples from each
animal were harvested from the blood drawn through jugular venipuncture. The subjects were
born with high amounts of progesterone, testosterone, and estradiol-17β, all of which
dropped significantly and remained at lower levels till the end of 6 months. FSH decreased
transiently after birth until day 12 and then gradually increased to peak at day 100 which
then maintained in lesser levels towards the end of the studied period. LH was highest
during birth which decreased until day 26 and then increased slowly to sub-birth levels up
to day 90. Animals were born with high amounts of ir-inhibin. It dropped slowly and halved
by day 20 and then decreased towards rest of the studied period. The increase in FSH is
negatively correlated with the declining ir-inhibin levels. The early increase in FSH can
be the indication of early post-natal maturation of the hypothalamic pituitary testicular
axis that ultimately might be responsible for priming the testes for future
development.
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92
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Dhakal P, Otsuka A, Nambo Y, Harada T, Nobuo T, Itoh M, Gen W, Taya K. Dynamic Change in Circulating Pituitary and Gonadal Hormones from Birth to Puberty in the Thoroughbred Colts and Fillies. Biol Reprod 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/biolreprod/83.s1.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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93
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Pan L, Jaroenporn S, Watanabe G, Taya K. Dynamic Changes in Secretory Activity of Adrenocortical Cell During the Reproductive Cycle in Female Rats. Biol Reprod 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/biolreprod/83.s1.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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94
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Sheng X, Jiang YT, Li L, Weng Q, Taya K. Seasonal Localization and Expression of Activin Signaling Components in the Wild Ground Squirrel Testis. Biol Reprod 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/biolreprod/83.s1.552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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95
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Zhang HL, Li XW, Shen Y, Weng Q, Taya K. The Reason for Testicular Recrudescence and Regression in Wild Ground Squirrels: Seasonal Changes of Immunodetection for bcl-2, bax, and PCNA. Biol Reprod 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/biolreprod/83.s1.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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96
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Kaewmanee S, Watanabe G, Keio M, Yamamoto Y, Yamamoto T, Kishimoto M, Nagaoka K, Narushima E, Katayanagi M, Nakao R, Sakurai Y, Morikubo S, Kaneko M, Yoshihara M, Yabe T, Taya K. A surge-like increase in luteinizing hormone preceding musth in a captive bull African elephant (Loxodonta africana). J Vet Med Sci 2010; 73:379-83. [PMID: 21041991 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.10-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the correlation between reproductive hormones and musth in a male African elephant. Changes in circulating luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone and immunoreactive (ir-) inhibin and the degree of musth were evaluated for 4 years. LH increased 4 weeks before musth began. The highest concentrations of testosterone and ir-inhibin were observed from April to October. There were positive correlations among testosterone, ir-inhibin and musth behavior. These findings suggested that the surge-like LH in the pre-musth period might stimulate secretion of testosterone and ir-inhibin and thus initiate the musth behavior. This study also suggested that the high LH level before musth might be a useful biomarker for the beginning of the musth season.
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97
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Malaivijitnond S, Ketsuwan A, Watanabe G, Taya K, Cherdshewasart W. Luteinizing hormone reduction by the male potency herb, Butea superba Roxb. Braz J Med Biol Res 2010; 43:843-52. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2010007500076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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98
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Hebishima T, Matsumoto Y, Watanabe G, Soma GI, Kohchi C, Taya K, Hayashi Y, Hirota Y. Recovery from immunosuppression-related disorders in humans and animals by IP-PA1, an edible lipopolysaccharide. Anticancer Res 2010; 30:3113-3118. [PMID: 20871028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Immunopotentiator from Pantoea agglomerans 1 (IP-PA1), an edible lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from symbiotic bacteria in crops, is a promising immunomodulator. It activates macrophages and protects from chemotherapeutic agent-induced growth inhibition in macrophages in vitro. We showed the immune-recovery effects of IP-PA1 in a chicken model of dexamethasone-induced stress in which IP-PA1 inhibited thymic and bursal atrophy and improved antibody production in response to vaccination. Furthermore, we showed IP-PA1 improved survival of melanoma-bearing, doxorubicin-treated mice, although not directly affecting the proliferation of melanoma cells, dominantly through the improvement of host antitumor immunity. These results suggest that IP-PA1 could have other possible applications in the treatment of various immunosuppression-related disorders in humans and animals.
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99
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Hebishima T, Matsumoto Y, Watanabe G, Soma GI, Kohchi C, Taya K, Hayashi Y, Hirota Y. Protective effects of the immunopotentiator from Pantoea agglomerans 1 on chemotherapeutic agent-induced macrophage growth inhibition. Anticancer Res 2010; 30:2033-2040. [PMID: 20651348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunopotentiator from Pantoea agglomerans 1 (IP-PA1) is an edible lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from symbiotic bacteria found in crops. IP-PA1 is known to ameliorate chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression; therefore, its macrophage-activating effect in the presence of chemotherapeutic agents was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation in IP-PA1-treated RAW264 and J774.1 cells was examined using Western blot analyses; Griess assay and ELISA were used to examine the production of nitric oxide and tumour necrosis factor alpha, respectively. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins was also assessed using Western blot analyses. The effect of IP-PA1 on doxorubicin-induced apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry after annexin-V staining. The growth of macrophages treated with chemotherapeutic agents and IP-PA1 was analyzed using an MTT assay. RESULTS IP-PA1 activated NF-kappaB and ameliorated chemotherapy induced growth inhibition in the cells. CONCLUSION IP-PA1 is an edible drug that can potentially support chemotherapy by ameliorating chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression.
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100
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Nakamura D, Yanagiba Y, Duan Z, Ito Y, Okamura A, Asaeda N, Tagawa Y, Li C, Taya K, Zhang SY, Naito H, Ramdhan DH, Kamijima M, Nakajima T. Bisphenol A may cause testosterone reduction by adversely affecting both testis and pituitary systems similar to estradiol. Toxicol Lett 2010; 194:16-25. [PMID: 20144698 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Revised: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) causes reproductive toxicities, but the mechanisms are still unclear. In the present study, we sought to clarify these mechanisms in comparison with those of 17beta-estradiol (E2). Prepubertal Wistar/ST male rats (4 weeks old) were subcutaneously administered BPA (0, 20, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day) or E2 (10 and 100 microg/kg/day) for 6 weeks. Both BPA and E2 treatments decreased plasma and testicular testosterone levels, and plasma luteinizing hormone (LH), but not E2 and follicle-stimulating hormone levels, though E2 treatment increased its plasma level. In relation to the decreased testosterone levels, BPA and E2 decreased expressions of steroidogenic enzymes and cholesterol carrier protein in Leydig cells. Thus, decreased testosterone levels in plasma might have resulted from decreased expressions of these enzymes and protein as well as from decreased plasma LH levels. Interestingly, the changes in steroidogenic enzymes and carrier protein were observed at lower levels of exposure to BPA or E2 than those inhibiting plasma LH levels. Microscopically, 200 mg/kg BPA and 100 microg/kg E2 significantly decreased Leydig cell numbers in the testis. In addition, BPA and E2 also decreased expression of estrogen receptor alpha-mRNA, which might be related to the decreased numbers of Leydig cells. Thus, BPA directly affects not only the Leydig cells but also the pituitary gland, but the former may be impaired at lower exposure concentrations than the latter.
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