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Yuan S, Wang Z, Xia K. [Comprehensive evaluation and practical confirmation on processing technology of Daphne genkwa Sieb. et Zucc]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 1999; 24:464-5, 510. [PMID: 12205864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of five processing methods for D. genkwa. METHOD Comparing the pharmacodynamic and toxic parameters and related chemical constituents of the processed products with those of crude D. genkwa and vinegar-processed D. genkwa recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. THE RESULT The vinegar stir-fry method was the best. One hundred kilograms of crud D. genkwa was evenly mixed with 30 kg vinegar diluted in 60 kg water and moistened in a closed container for an hour, then put into a drug-parching machine to get nearly dry with slow fire wenhuo and taken out timely. CONCLUSION Three repetitions of pilot production have shown that the technology is simple, easy to operate and of good reproducibility, and thus can be used in the production of D. genkwa in slice form.
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Xia K, Lee RS, Narsimhan RP, Mukhopadhyay NK, Neel BG, Roberts TM. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the proto-oncoprotein Raf-1 is regulated by Raf-1 itself and the phosphatase Cdc25A. Mol Cell Biol 1999; 19:4819-24. [PMID: 10373531 PMCID: PMC84280 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.19.7.4819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence demonstrating that Raf-1 is phosphorylated on tyrosines upon stimulation of a variety of receptors. Although detection of Raf-1 tyrosine phosphorylation has remained elusive, genetic analyses have demonstrated it to be important for Raf-1 activation. Here we report new findings which indicate that Raf-1 tyrosine phosphorylation is regulated in vivo. In both a mammalian and baculovirus expression system, a kinase-inactive allele of Raf-1 was found to be tyrosine phosphorylated at levels much greater than that of wild-type Raf-1. The level of tyrosine phosphate on Raf-1 was markedly increased upon treatment with phosphatase inhibitors either before or after cell lysis. Cdc25A was found to dephosphorylate Raf-1 on tyrosines that resulted in a significant decrease in Raf-1 kinase activity. In NIH 3T3 cells, coexpression of wild-type Raf-1 and phosphatase-inactive Cdc25A led to a marked increase in Raf-1 tyrosine phosphorylation in response to platelet-derived growth factor. These data suggest that the tyrosine phosphorylation of Raf-1 is regulated not only by itself but also by Cdc25A.
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78
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Xia JH, Liu CY, Tang BS, Pan Q, Huang L, Dai HP, Zhang BR, Xie W, Hu DX, Zheng D, Shi XL, Wang DA, Xia K, Yu KP, Liao XD, Feng Y, Yang YF, Xiao JY, Xie DH, Huang JZ. Mutations in the gene encoding gap junction protein beta-3 associated with autosomal dominant hearing impairment. Nat Genet 1998; 20:370-3. [PMID: 9843210 DOI: 10.1038/3845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hearing impairment is the most commonly occurring condition that affects the ability of humans to communicate. More than 50% of the cases of profound early-onset deafness are caused by genetic factors. Over 40 loci for non-syndromic deafness have been genetically mapped, and mutations in several genes have been shown to cause hearing loss. Mutations in the gene encoding connexin 26 (GJB2) cause both autosomal recessive and dominant forms of hearing impairment. To study the possible involvement of other members of the connexin family in hereditary hearing impairment, we cloned the gene (GJB3) encoding human gap junction protein beta-3 using homologous EST searching and nested PCR. GJB3 was mapped to human chromosome 1p33-p35. Mutation analysis revealed that a missense mutation and a nonsense mutation of GJB3 were associated with high-frequency hearing loss in two families. Moreover, expression of Gjb3 was identified in rat inner ear tissue by RT-PCR. These findings suggest that mutations in GJB3 may be responsible for bilateral high-frequency hearing impairment.
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79
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Liu P, Tao S, Xia K. [Giant-cell tumor of bone: a review of diagnosis and treatment of 105 cases]. ZHONGHUA ZHONG LIU ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY] 1997; 19:313-5. [PMID: 11038769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize the experience in the diagnosis and treatment of giant-cell tumor of bone, the selection of various operation methods and their effects were evaluated and discussed. METHODS From 105 cases of giant-cell tumor of bone data were collected and reviewed. The clinical features were analyzed in association with radiological and histological characteristics. Prognosis was assessed by long-term follow-up. RESULTS Among 105 cases, one had multiple giant-cell tumors and two had distant metastases. In some cases, the radiological and histological appearances didn't accord with the clinical findings. The recurrence rate was 36% in patients treated with curettage. Although no recurrence was seen in patients treated by local excision, the joint function could not be fully retained. CONCLUSION Diagnosis should be made on the basis of integrated clinical, radiological and pathological manifestations. Early diagnosis and operation are important. The function of joint must be retained as much as possible. Pre-operative embolization of tumor of sacrum and pelvis is very helpful to ensure operative success and to minimize recurrence.
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80
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Xia K, Mehadi A, Taylor RW, Bleam WF. X-Ray Absorption and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Studies of Cu(II) Sorbed to Silica: Surface-Induced Precipitation at Low Surface Coverages. J Colloid Interface Sci 1997; 185:252-7. [PMID: 9056344 DOI: 10.1006/jcis.1996.4590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Both EPR and XAFS spectroscopy were used to characterize the sorption of Cu(II) on silica surfaces at extremely low surface coverage (0.8 and 9.9% monolayer). The binding structure of Cu(II) on silica surfaces revealed by XAFS experiment was compared to that predicted by EPR spectra. Our XAFS results show that Cu(II) hydroxide clusters form on silica surfaces even at surface coverage as low as 0.8% of a monolayer. However, we observed low EPR intensity and line-broadening which has been assigned to dipole-dipole interactions between isolated Cu(II) ions. The results of our XAFS studies indicate that the loss of EPR intensity and line-broadening can be traced to Cu(OH)2 clusters on silica surfaces.
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81
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Barber DL, Corless CN, Xia K, Roberts TM, D'Andrea AD. Erythropoietin activates Raf1 by an Shc-independent pathway in CTLL-EPO-R cells. Blood 1997; 89:55-64. [PMID: 8978277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of the erythropoietin receptor (EPO-R) or the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2-R) by their respective ligands has been reported to activate tyrosine phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic protein, Shc. We have recently characterized a cell line, CTLL-EPO-R, that contains functional cell-surface receptors for both EPO and IL-2. Although stimulation with IL-2 or IL-15 resulted in the rapid, dose-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc, stimulation with EPO failed to activate Shc. EPO, IL-2, and IL-15 activated the tyrosine phosphorylation of the adaptor protein, Shp2, and the association of Shp2/Grb2/cytokine receptor complexes. In addition, EPO, IL-2, and IL-15 activated Raf1 and ERK2, demonstrating that the Raf1/MEK/MAP kinase pathway was activated. These results indicate that multiple biochemical pathways are capable of conferring a mitogenic signal in CTLL-EPO-R. EPO can activate the Raf1/MEK/MAP kinase pathway via Shc-dependent or Shc-independent pathways, and Shc activation is not required for EPO-dependent cell growth in CTLL-EPO-R.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport
- Animals
- Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Cattle
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Line
- Enzyme Activation
- Erythropoietin/pharmacology
- GRB2 Adaptor Protein
- Humans
- Interleukin-15/physiology
- Interleukin-2/physiology
- Mice
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational/drug effects
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Proteins/metabolism
- Proteins/physiology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf
- Receptors, Erythropoietin/drug effects
- Receptors, Erythropoietin/physiology
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/drug effects
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/physiology
- Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
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82
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Yuan S, Zhang B, Wang Z, Xia K. [HPLC analysis of the influence of processing on the contents of genkwanin in flos Genkwa]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 1996; 21:728-9, 761. [PMID: 9812676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The contents of genkwanin in differently processed samples of Flos Genkwa have been analyzed by HPLC. The result shows that the contents in all these samples are decreased, the least decreased being the one processed with vinegar. The contents of genkwanin in samples of Flos Genkwa from the main habitats of china have also been analyzed by HPLC. Experimental criteria are provided for the quality control of Flos Genkwa.
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83
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Yuan S, Zhang B, Wang Z, Xia K. [HPLC analysis of mimic vinegar-processing of genkwanin]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 1996; 21:665-6, 703. [PMID: 9812693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the variation of genkwanin content before and after mimic vinegar-processing has been analyzed by HPLC. The result has shown that there is no difference between the quantity and quality of genkwanin before and after mimic vinegar-processing. It is clarified that acetic acid is not the main reason for the decrease of genkwanin content in the flower of Daphne genkwa during the process of vinegar-fry.
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84
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Xia K, Mukhopadhyay NK, Inhorn RC, Barber DL, Rose PE, Lee RS, Narsimhan RP, D'Andrea AD, Griffin JD, Roberts TM. The cytokine-activated tyrosine kinase JAK2 activates Raf-1 in a p21ras-dependent manner. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:11681-6. [PMID: 8876196 PMCID: PMC38118 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.21.11681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
JAK2, a member of the Janus kinase superfamily was found to interact functionally with Raf-1, a central component of the ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway. Interferon-gamma and several other cytokines that are known to activate JAK2 kinase were also found to stimulate Raf-1 kinase activity toward MEK-1 in mammalian cells. In the baculovirus coexpression system, Raf-1 was activated by JAK2 in the presence of p21ras. Under these conditions, a ternary complex of p21ras, JAK2, and Raf-1 was observed. In contrast, in the absence of p21ras, coexpression of JAK2 and Raf-1 resulted in an overall decrease in the Raf-1 kinase activity. In addition, JAK2 phosphorylated Raf-1 at sites different from those phosphorylated by pp60v-src. In mammalian cells treated with either erythropoietin or interferon-gamma, a small fraction of Raf-1 coimmunoprecipitated with JAK2 in lysates of cells in which JAK2 was activated as judged by its state of tyrosine phosphorylation. Taken together, these data suggest that JAK2 and p21ras cooperate to activate Raf-1.
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85
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Xin Y, Xia K, Tong P. Measured Velocity Boundary Layers in Turbulent Convection. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 77:1266-1269. [PMID: 10063033 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.1266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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86
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Yuan S, Zhang B, Xia K. [HPLC analysis of mimic vinegar-processed yuanhuacine]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 1996; 21:469-71, 510. [PMID: 9642406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the variation of yuanhuacine samples after vinegar-processing and hydrolysis has been analyzed by HPLC. The result has shown that the content of yuanhuacine decreases hearly 22% after mimic vinegar-processing. Also this procedure has brought a new compound-hydrolytic product of yuanhuacine, whose UV lambda max is 264nm. The research work is to be continued.
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87
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Zhang B, Yuan S, Xia K. [Determination of genkwanin in flos Genkwa by HPLC]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 1996; 21:237, 253, 256. [PMID: 9208558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the method for determining genkwanin in Flos Genkwa was established by HPLC. Detected at 332nm on a Lichrosorb 5 RP-18 column with a mobile phase of methanol-water-acetic acid (65:35:5), the content of genkwanin in Flos Genkwa was determined to be 0.16%. The recovery rate was 95.46% and RSD 1.15%.
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88
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Shen Y, Tong P, Xia K. Turbulent convection over rough surfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 76:908-911. [PMID: 10061582 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.76.908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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89
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Abstract
The herpes simplex virus ICP4 protein is required for induction of early and late viral gene transcription as well as for repression of expression of its own gene and several other viral genes. Several electrophoretic forms of ICP4 have been observed, and phosphorylation is thought to contribute to this heterogeneity and possibly to the multiple functions of ICP4. To define the complexity of the site(s) of phosphorylation of ICP4 and to initiate mapping of this site(s), we have performed two-dimensional phosphopeptide mapping of wild-type and mutant forms of ICP4 labeled in infected cells or in vitro. Wild-type ICP4 labeled in infected cells shows a complex pattern of phosphopeptides, and smaller mutant forms of ICP4 show progressively fewer phosphopeptides, arguing that multiple sites on ICP4 are phosphorylated. The serine-rich region of ICP4, residues 175 to 198, was shown to be a site for phosphorylation. Furthermore, the serine-rich region itself or the phosphorylation of this region increases phosphorylation of all phosphopeptides. A mutant ICP4 molecule lacking the serine-rich region showed low levels of phosphorylation by protein kinase A or protein kinase C in vitro. These results suggest that there may be a sequential phosphorylation of ICP4, with phosphorylation of the serine-rich region stimulating phosphorylation of the rest of the molecule. In addition, purified ICP4 showed an associated kinase activity or an autophosphorylation activity with properties different from those of protein kinase A or protein kinase C.
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90
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Xia K, Knipe DM, DeLuca NA. Role of protein kinase A and the serine-rich region of herpes simplex virus type 1 ICP4 in viral replication. J Virol 1996; 70:1050-60. [PMID: 8551563 PMCID: PMC189911 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.70.2.1050-1060.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient expression of herpes simplex virus genes requires the synthesis of functional ICP4, a nuclear phosphoprotein that contains a prominent serine-rich region between amino acids 142 and 210. Residues in this region not only are potential sites for phosphorylation but also are involved in the functions of ICP4. By comparing the growth of a virus in which this region is deleted (d8-10) with wild-type virus (KOS) in PC12 cells or PC12 cells that are deficient in cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), two observations were made: (i) the growth of wild-type virus was impaired by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude in the PKA-deficient cells, indicating the involvement of PKA in the growth cycle of herpes simplex virus type 1, and (ii) while the growth of d8-10 was impaired by almost 2 orders of magnitude in wild-type cells, it was not further impaired (as was that of wild-type virus) in PKA-deficient cells, implicating the region deleted in d8-10 as a possible target for cellular PKA. In trigeminal'ganglia of mice, the d8-10 mutant virus grew poorly; however, it established latency in nearly 90% of ganglia tested. Studies of the phosphorylation of wild-type and d8-10 ICP4 proteins revealed that the serine-rich region is a major determinant for phosphorylation of ICP4 in vivo and that the phosphorylation state could change as a function of the PKA activity. Consistent with this observation, the serine-rich region of ICP4 was shown to be a target for PKA in vitro. While intact ICP4 was readily phosphorylated by ICP4 in vitro, the d8-10 mutant ICP4 was not. Moreover, a synthethic peptide representing a sequence in the serine tract that is predicted to be a substrate for PKA was phosphorylated by PKA in vitro, having a Km within the physiological range. These data suggest that PKA plays a role in viral growth through phosphorylation of one or more sites on the ICP4 molecule.
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91
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Shen Y, Xia K, Tong P. Measured local-velocity fluctuations in turbulent convection. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 75:437-440. [PMID: 10060021 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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92
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Fu H, Xia K, Pallas DC, Cui C, Conroy K, Narsimhan RP, Mamon H, Collier RJ, Roberts TM. Interaction of the protein kinase Raf-1 with 14-3-3 proteins. Science 1994; 266:126-9. [PMID: 7939632 DOI: 10.1126/science.7939632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Members of a family of highly conserved proteins, termed 14-3-3 proteins, were found by several experimental approaches to associate with Raf-1, a central component of a key signal transduction pathway. Optimal complex formation required the amino-terminal regulatory domain of Raf-1. The association of 14-3-3 proteins and Raf-1 was not substantially affected by the activation state of Raf.
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93
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Zhang BX, Yuan XT, Xia K, Li JH. [Determination of yuanhuacine in Daphne genkwa Sieb. et Zucc. by HPLC]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 1994; 19:551-2, 575. [PMID: 7811369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Separated on phenox RP18 column with a mobile phase of methyl alcohol-water (82:18) and detected at wavelength 232nm, yuanhuacine has shown a good linearity in the range from 7.6 x 10(-3) to 0.76 microgram. The recovery is 99.56% with RSD 3.61% (n = 9). The content of yuanhuacine in Daphne genkwa is 0.00848%.
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94
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Wang C, Chen T, Xia K, Li Y, Liu Y, Yang D, Yin M. [Studies of cockroachcidal toxin]. WEI SHENG WU XUE BAO = ACTA MICROBIOLOGICA SINICA 1992; 32:383-6. [PMID: 1481534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A cockroachcidal bacterial isolate CW-W-90-3 was selected by egg yolk agar plate. The isolate produced phospholipase C (PLC) which was pathogenic to the nymph of cockroach. The conditions for production of high level PLC indicated that using LB medium supplement Tween-80 or minimal medium could effectively increase the activity of PLC. The optical phase for production of PLC was in the period of 12-18 hours and below pH8.0. The activity of PLC was reduced along with the culture time until 48 hours. The PLC was resistant to heat. The partially purified PLC from the culture supernatant was assayed by using cockroach nymphes and produced 71.74% mortality.
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95
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Jia W, Strauss E, Yen WM, Xia K, Zhao M. Characterization of the water of crystallization in CsMnCl3. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1989; 39:12853-12860. [PMID: 9948159 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.39.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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96
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Xia K, Maher JV. Dynamic light scattering from binary-liquid gels. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1988; 37:3626-3629. [PMID: 9900123 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.37.3626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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97
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Xia K, Maher JV. Light scattering from a binary-liquid entanglement gel. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1987; 36:2432-2439. [PMID: 9899138 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.36.2432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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