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Singh VK, Singh NA, Kumar N, Raghu HV, Sharma PK, Singh KP, Yadav A. Spore immobilization and its analytical performance for monitoring of aflatoxin M1 in milk. Can J Microbiol 2014; 60:793-8. [PMID: 25387994 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2014-0465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Immobilization of Bacillus megaterium spores on Eppendorf tubes through physical adsorption has been used in the detection of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk within real time of 45 ± 5 min using visual observation of changes in a chromogenic substrate. The appearance of a sky-blue colour indicates the absence of AFM1 in milk, whereas no colour change indicates the presence of AFM1 in milk at a 0.5 ppb Codex maximum residue limit. The working performance of the immobilized spores was shown to persist for up to 6 months. Further, spores immobilized on 96-well black microtitre plates by physical adsorption and by entrapment on sensor disk showed a reduction in detection sensitivity to 0.25 ppb within a time period of 20 ± 5 min by measuring fluorescence using a microbiological plate reader through the addition of milk and fluorogenic substrate. A high fluorescence ratio indicated more substrate hydrolysis due to spore-germination-mediated release of marker enzymes of spores in the absence of AFM1 in milk; however, low fluorescence ratios indicated the presence of AFM1 at 0.25 ppb. Immobilized spores on 96-well microtitre plates and sensor disks have shown better reproducibility after storage at 4 °C for 6 months. Chromogenic assay showed 1.38% false-negative and 2.77% false-positive results while fluorogenic assay showed 4.16% false-positive and 2.77% false-negative results when analysed for AFM1 using 72 milk samples containing raw, pasteurized, and dried milk. Immobilization of spores makes these chromogenic and fluorogenic assays portable, selective, cost-effective for real-time detection of AFM1 in milk at the dairy farm, reception dock, and manufacturing units of the dairy industry.
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Singh AK, Jain A, Jain B, Singh KP, Dangi T, Mohan M, Dwivedi M, Kumar R, Kushwaha RAS, Singh JV, Mishra AC, Chhaddha MS. Viral aetiology of acute lower respiratory tract illness in hospitalised paediatric patients of a tertiary hospital: one year prospective study. Indian J Med Microbiol 2014; 32:13-8. [PMID: 24399381 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.124288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI), ranked as the second leading cause of death are the primary cause of hospitalisation in children. Viruses are the most important causative agents of ALRI. AIM To study the viral aetiology of ALRI in children at a tertiary care hospital. SETTING AND DESIGN One year prospective observational study in a tertiary care hospital of King George's Medical University, Lucknow. MATERIAL AND METHODS Nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) was collected from children admitted with signs and symptoms of ALRI who were aged 0-14 years. Samples were transported to the laboratory at 4°C in viral transport media and processed for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) A and B, influenza virus A and B, adenovirus (ADV), human Boca virus (HBoV), human metapneumo virus (hMPV) and parainfluenzavirus 1, 2, 3 and 4 using mono/multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). STATA was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS In one year, 188 NPAs were screened for respiratory viruses, of which 45.7% tested positive. RSV was most commonly detected with 21.3% positivity followed by measles virus (8.5%), influenza A virus (7.4%), ADV (5.3%), influenza B virus (1.6%), hMPV (1.1%) and HBoV (0.5%). Month wise maximum positivity was seen in December and January. Positivity rate of RSV was highest in children aged < 1 year, which decreased with increase in age, while positive rate of influenza virus increased with increasing age. CONCLUSION The occurrence of viral predominance in ALRI is highlighted.
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Jain P, Prakash S, Gupta S, Singh KP, Shrivastava S, Singh DD, Singh J, Jain A. Prevalence of hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis D virus and hepatitis E virus as causes of acute viral hepatitis in North India: a hospital based study. Indian J Med Microbiol 2014; 31:261-5. [PMID: 23883712 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.115631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Acute viral hepatitis (AVH) is a major public health problem and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. AIM The aim of the present study is to determine the prevalence of hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis D virus (HDV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) as causes of AVH in a tertiary care hospital of North India. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Blood samples and clinical information was collected from cases of AVH referred to the Grade I viral diagnostic laboratory over a 1-year period. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Samples were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen, anti-HCV total antibodies, anti-HAV immunoglobulin M (IgM) and anti-HEV IgM by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PCR for nucleic acid detection of HBV and HCV was also carried out. Those positive for HBV infection were tested for anti-HDV antibodies. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Fisher's exact test was used and a P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS Of the 267 viral hepatitis cases, 62 (23.22%) patients presented as acute hepatic failure. HAV (26.96%) was identified as the most common cause of acute hepatitis followed by HEV (17.97%), HBV (16.10%) and HCV (11.98%). Co-infections with more than one virus were present in 34 cases; HAV-HEV co-infection being the most common. HEV was the most important cause of acute hepatic failure followed by co-infection with HAV and HEV. An indication towards epidemiological shift of HAV infection from children to adults with a rise in HAV prevalence was seen. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report indicating epidemiological shift of HAV in Uttar Pradesh.
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Tabatabai MA, Kengwoung-Keumo JJ, Eby WM, Bae S, Manne U, Fouad M, Singh KP. A New Robust Method for Nonlinear Regression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 5:211. [PMID: 26185732 DOI: 10.4172/2155-6180.1000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When outliers are present, the least squares method of nonlinear regression performs poorly. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a robust alternative technique to the Ordinary Least Squares nonlinear regression method. This new robust nonlinear regression method can provide accurate parameter estimates when outliers and/or influential observations are present. METHOD Real and simulated data for drug concentration and tumor size-metastasis are used to assess the performance of this new estimator. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to evaluate the robustness of our new method in comparison with the Ordinary Least Squares method. RESULTS In simulated data with outliers, this new estimator of regression parameters seems to outperform the Ordinary Least Squares with respect to bias, mean squared errors, and mean estimated parameters. Two algorithms have been proposed. Additionally and for the sake of computational ease and illustration, a Mathematica program has been provided in the Appendix. CONCLUSION The accuracy of our robust technique is superior to that of the Ordinary Least Squares. The robustness and simplicity of computations make this new technique more appropriate and useful tool for the analysis of nonlinear regressions.
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Tabatabai MA, Li H, Eby WM, Kengwoung-Keumo JJ, Manne U, Bae S, Fouad M, Singh KP. Robust Logistic and Probit Methods for Binary and Multinomial Regression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 5. [PMID: 26078914 DOI: 10.4172/2155-6180.1000202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we introduce new robust estimators for the logistic and probit regressions for binary, multinomial, nominal and ordinal data and apply these models to estimate the parameters when outliers or inluential observations are present. Maximum likelihood estimates don't behave well when outliers or inluential observations are present. One remedy is to remove inluential observations from the data and then apply the maximum likelihood technique on the deleted data. Another approach is to employ a robust technique that can handle outliers and inluential observations without removing any observations from the data sets. The robustness of the method is tested using real and simulated data sets.
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Yadav A, Singh KP, Singh MK, Saini N, Palta P, Manik RS, Singla SK, Upadhyay RC, Chauhan MS. Effect of physiologically relevant heat shock on development, apoptosis and expression of some genes in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) embryos produced in vitro. Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 48:858-65. [PMID: 23581430 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
For investigating the effects of physiologically relevant heat shock, buffalo oocytes/embryos were cultured at 38.5°C (control) or were exposed to 39.5°C (Group II) or 40.5°C (Group III) for 2 h once every day throughout in vitro maturation (IVM), fertilization (IVF) and culture (IVC). Percentage of oocytes that developed to 8-cell, 16-cell or blastocyst stage was lower (p < 0.05) and the number of apoptotic nuclei was higher (p < 0.05) for Group III > Group II > controls. At both 8-16-cell and blastocyst stages, relative mRNA abundance of stress-related genes HSP 70.1 and HSP 70.2 and pro-apoptotic genes CASPASE-3, BID and BAX was higher (p < 0.05) in Groups III and II than that in controls with the exception of stress-related gene HSF1. Expression level of anti-apoptotic genes BCL-XL and MCL-1 was also higher (p < 0.05) in Groups III and II than that in controls at both 8-16-cell and blastocyst stages. Among the genes related to embryonic development, at 8-16-cell stage, the expression level of GDF9 was higher (p < 0.05) in Group III than that in controls, whereas that of GLUT1, ZAR1 and BMP15 was not significantly different among the three groups. At the blastocyst stage, relative mRNA abundance of GLUT1 and GDF9 was higher (p < 0.05) in Group II than that in controls, whereas that of ZAR-1 and BMP15 was not affected. The results of this study demonstrate that exposure of buffalo oocytes and embryos to elevated temperatures for duration of time that is physiologically relevant severely compromises their developmental competence, increases apoptosis and affects stress-, apoptosis- and development-related genes.
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Tamang HK, Timilsina U, Thapa S, Singh KP, Shrestha S, Singh P, Shrestha B. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Nepalese type 2 diabetic patients. NEPAL MEDICAL COLLEGE JOURNAL : NMCJ 2013; 15:50-55. [PMID: 24592795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to establish the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the type 2 diabetic patients in Nepal. Two hundred twenty one participants aged 26-90 (mean age 53.41 +/- 13.30) years with established type 2 diabetes visiting Kathmandu Model Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal from August 2011 to November 2011 were included in the study. National Cholesterol Education Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATPIII) definition of the metabolic syndrome with ethnic threshold on abdominal obesity was used. 170 (76.9%) participants were found to have metabolic syndrome. Thirty two (14.5%) participants fulfilled all 5 criteria for metabolic syndrome, 63 (28.5%) participants had four criteria while three criteria were fulfilled by 75 (33.9%) of the participants. Among the patients having metabolic syndrome, hypertension was seen in 89 (52.35%) participants, raised serum triglyceride levels were found in 144 (84.70%) subjects, decreased serum HDL cholesterol levels were found in 119 (70%) participants while in 108 (63.35%) participants increased waist circumference was found. There was a higher frequency of metabolic syndrome in obese (81.58%) and in overweight (79.49%) subjects. This study indicates significant prevalence of metabolic syndrome among type 2 diabetic patients with strong association of obesity.
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Singh KP, Choudhary MK, Chianella I, Singh P. Development of Non-Labeled QCM Biosensor for the Detection of <i>β</i>-Galactosidase: A Comparative Study of Gold and Polystyrene Nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/anp.2013.22027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Singh KP, Prajapati RK, Ahlawat S, Ahlawat S, Mungali M, Kumar S. Use of Isoproturon Imprinted Polymer Membranes as a Selective Recognition Platform in a Resistance Based Electrochemical Sensor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ojab.2013.21003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kala S, Kaushik R, Singh KP, Kadam PH, Singh MK, Manik RS, Singla SK, Palta P, Chauhan MS. In vitro culture and morphological characterization of prepubertal buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) putative spermatogonial stem cell. J Assist Reprod Genet 2012; 29:1335-42. [PMID: 23151879 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-012-9883-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) have the unique ability both to self-renew and to produce progeny that undergo differentiation to spermatozoa. The present study has been carried out to develop a method to purify and enrich the pure populations of spermatogonial stem cell like cells in buffalo. METHODS The spermatogonial cells were isolated from testes of 3-7 month old buffalo calves and disaggregated by double enzymatic digestion. Mixed population of isolated cells were then plated on Datura stramonium agglutinin (DSA) lectin coated dishes for attachment of Sertoli cells. The desired cells were obtained from suspension medium after 18 h of incubation and then loaded on discontinuous density gradient using percoll (20-65 %) and different types of spermatogonia cells were obtained at interface of each layer. These cells were cultured in vitro. RESULTS Spermatogonial cells isolated have spherical outline and two or three eccentrically placed nucleoli, created a colony after proliferation during first week or immediately after passage. After 7-10 days of culture, the resulted developed colonies of spermatogonial cells expressed the spermatogonial specific genes like Plzf and VASA; and other pluripotency related markers viz. alkaline phosphtase, DBA, CD9, CD90, SSEA-1, OCT-4, NANOG and REX-1. CONCLUSION Our results show that the isolated putative spermatogonial stem cells exhibit the expression of pluripotency related and spermatogonial specific genes. This study may help to establish a long term culture system for buffalo spermatogonia.
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Dhameja K, Singh S, Mustafa MD, Singh KP, Banerjee BD, Agarwal M, Ahmed RS. Therapeutic effect of yoga in patients with hypertension with reference to GST gene polymorphism. J Altern Complement Med 2012; 19:243-9. [PMID: 23062021 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2011.0908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension, a chronic medical condition of increased blood pressure, is a serious public health problem. Environmental and genetic risk factors are known to predispose to hypertension. The present study was designed to investigate the association of glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene polymorphism with oxidative stress in hypertensive patients and the possible beneficial effect of yoga on them. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty (60) hypertensive individuals, between 30 and 60 years of age, were divided into two groups of 30 each. The yoga group was subjected to 50-60 minutes of yogic practices daily for 42 days, while the control group included the remaining 30 age- and sex-matched hypertensive individuals. GST gene polymorphism was analyzed using multiple allele specific polymerase chain reaction, and oxidative stress parameters were assessed biochemically. RESULTS Assessment of blood pressure showed a statistically significant though modest reduction (p<0.05) in the yoga group as compared to the control group. Malondialdehyde was observed to be significantly low (p<0.05), while antioxidant capacity in the form of GST showed an increasing trend and ferric-reducing ability of plasma was significantly increased (p<0.05) in the subjects who practiced yoga. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, yoga has been found to decrease blood pressure as well as the levels of oxidative stress in patients with hypertension.
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Singh MK, Singh KP, Kumar D, Shah RA, Anand T, Chauhan MS, Manik RS, Singla SK, Palta P. Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) ES cell-like cells are capable of in vitro skeletal myogenic differentiation. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 48:284-91. [PMID: 22788718 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02146.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
When buffalo embryonic stem (ES) cell-like cells that expressed surface markers SSEA-4, TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81, CD9 and CD90 and intracellular markers OCT4, SOX2 and FOXD3, as shown by immunofluorescence, and that expressed REX-1 and NUCLEOSTEMIN as confirmed by RT-PCR, were subjected to suspension culture in hanging drops in absence of LIF and buffalo foetal fibroblast feeder layer support, they differentiated to form three-dimensional embryoid bodies (EBs). Of 231 EBs examined on Day 3 of suspension culture, 141 (61.3 ± 3.09%) were of compact type, whereas 90 (38.4 ± 3.12%) were of cystic type. The cells obtained from EBs were found to express NF-68 and NESTIN (ectodermal lineage), BMP-4 and α-skeletal actin (mesodermal lineage), and α-fetoprotein, GATA-4 and HNF-4 (endodermal lineage). When these EBs were cultured on gelatin-coated dishes, they spontaneously differentiated to several cell types such as epithelial- and neuron-like cells. When EBs were cultured in the presence of 1 or 2% DMSO or 10(-8) M or 10(-7) M retinoic acid for 25 days, ES cells could be directed to form muscle cell-like cells, the identity of which was confirmed by expression of α-actinin by immunofluorescence and of MYF-5, MYOD and MYOGENIN genes by RT-PCR. MYOD was first detected on Day 10 in both treatment groups and on Day 15 in controls, whereas MYOGENIN was first detected on Day 10, Day 15 and Day 25 in the presence of retinoic acid, in the presence of DMSO and in controls, respectively. The present study demonstrates the ability of buffalo ES cell-like cells to undergo directed differentiation to cells of skeletal myogenic lineage.
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Elamaran G, Singh KP, Singh MK, Singla SK, Chauhan MS, Manik RS, Palta P. Oxygen Concentration and Cysteamine Supplementation DuringIn vitroProduction of Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Embryos Affect mRNA Expression ofBCL-2, BCL-XL, MCL-1, BAXandBID. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 47:1027-36. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02009.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Singh S, Soni R, Singh KP, Tandon OP. Effect of yoga practices on pulmonary function tests including transfer factor of lung for carbon monoxide (TLCO) in asthma patients. INDIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 56:63-68. [PMID: 23029966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Prana is the energy, when the self-energizing force embraces the body with extension and expansion and control, it is pranayama. It may affect the milieu at the bronchioles and the alveoli particularly at the alveolo-capillary membrane to facilitate diffusion and transport of gases. It may also increase oxygenation at tissue level. Aim of our study is to compare pulmonary functions and diffusion capacity in patients of bronchial asthma before and after yogic intervention of 2 months. Sixty stable asthmatic-patients were randomized into two groups i.e group 1 (Yoga training group) and group 2 (control group). Each group included thirty patients. Lung functions were recorded on all patients at baseline, and then after two months. Group 1 subjects showed a statistically significant improvement (P<0.001) in Transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide (TLCO), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1st sec (FEV1), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) and slow vital capacity (SVC) after yoga practice. Quality of life also increased significantly. It was concluded that pranayama & yoga breathing and stretching postures are used to increase respiratory stamina, relax the chest muscles, expand the lungs, raise energy levels, and calm the body.
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Rameshbabu K, Sharma R, Singh KP, George A, Chauhan MS, Singla SK, Manik RS, Palta P. Presence of Nitric Oxide Synthase Immunoreactivity and mRNA in Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Oocytes and Embryos. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 47:e22-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01884.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sundaram EN, Reddy PUM, Singh KP. Effect of alcoholic extracts of Indian medicinal plants on the altered enzymatic activities of diabetic rats. Indian J Pharm Sci 2011; 71:594-8. [PMID: 20502588 PMCID: PMC2866361 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.58175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2008] [Revised: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In present study, the effect of alcoholic extract of Momordica charantia, Aegle marmelos and Eugenia jambolana was studied on serum glutamic oxaloacetate transminase and serum glutamic pyruvate transminase activities and on serum urea, total protein and albumin concentrations of streptozotocin diabetic rats. Diabetes in rats was induced by single dose of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg i. p.). On confirming the diabetes after 48 h of injection, alcoholic extracts of three plants were administered orally in doses of 250 mg and 500 mg/kg/d for 30 d. Glibenclamide (300 μg/kg/d) was used as a reference drug for comparison. Streptozotocin diabetic rats showed a significant increase in serum glutamic oxaloacetate transminase and serum glutamic pyruvate transminase activities and serum urea concentration but a significant decrease in serum total protein and albumin concentrations and albumin/globulin ratio. Oral administration of alcoholic extract of Momordica charantia, Aegle marmelos and Eugenia jambolana in daily doses of 250 mg and 500 mg/kg for a period of 1 mo produced dose- and duration-dependent decrease in serum glutamic oxaloacetate transminase and serum glutamic pyruvate transminase activities as well as decrease in serum urea concentration and restored the serum total protein and albumin concentration and albumin/globulin ratio to a great extent in streptozotocin diabetic rats. The beneficial effects of these plants in 500 mg/kg dose in streptozotocin diabetic rats were comparable to that of glibenclamide (300 μg/kg), a standard oral hypoglycaemic drug used in clinical practice.
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Mukherjee A, Kumar D, Singh KP, Chauhan MS, Singla SK, Palta P, Manik RS. Assessment of DNA damage during in vitro development of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) embryos: effect of cysteamine. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 45:1118-21. [PMID: 19515031 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2009.01484.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Comet assay was used in the present study to examine DNA damage to buffalo oocytes and embryos during in vitro culture. Embryos were produced in vitro from oocytes obtained from slaughterhouse ovaries in presence of cysteamine (IVM and IVC media supplemented with 50 and 100 μM, respectively) or in its absence (controls). Compared to controls, cysteamine supplementation increased (p < 0.01) cleavage rate and proportion of oocytes that developed to 8- to 16-cell stage. The incidence of DNA damage was lower (p < 0.01) in cysteamine group than that in controls at 8- to 16- (19.3 ± 4.24 vs 72.0 ± 5.22%) but not in 2-cell stage embryos (11.7 ± 5.63 vs 20.8 ± 5.49%) or in mature oocytes (5.3 ± 3.43 vs 10.3 ± 4.73%). The tail length, which indicates magnitude of DNA damage, was shorter (p < 0.01) in cysteamine group than in controls in mature oocytes (25.5 ± 0.5 vs 36.0 ± 0.71 pixels) and 8- to 16-cell stage (49.2 ± 1.64 vs 152.7 ± 1.28 pixels) but not in 2-cell stage embryos (36.3 ± 1.54 vs 36.4 ± 0.75 pixels). Also, exposure of oocytes/embryos to UV radiation or H2O2 caused extensive DNA damage. In conclusion, these results suggest that oocytes/embryos suffer from DNA damage during progress of in vitro culture, which can be partly ameliorated by cysteamine supplementation of culture media.
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Kumar N, Singh KP. Use of Dactylaria brochopaga, a Predacious Fungus, for Managing Root-Knot Disease of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Caused by Meloidogyne graminicola. MYCOBIOLOGY 2011; 39:113-117. [PMID: 22783087 PMCID: PMC3385099 DOI: 10.4489/myco.2011.39.2.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A laboratory experiment was conducted to study the induction of constricting rings and test predation of Dactylaria brochopaga isolates against second stage juveniles (J2s) of Meloidogyne graminicola. Among the five fungal isolates, isolate D showed the greatest number of predatory rings and, consequently, trapped the maximum number of M. graminicola J2s in dual cultures. Another pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of D. brochopaga (isolate D) on the management of wheat root-knot disease. Applying a mass culture (10 g/pot) and a spore suspension of the fungus with and without cow dung manure to soil infested with 2,000 M. graminicola juveniles significantly improved plant height, root length, weights of shoots, roots, panicles and grains per hill compared to those in the control. Moreover, the fungus significantly reduced the number of root-knots, the number of egg masses, juveniles, and females per hill compared to those in the control. Bio-efficacy of the fungus was heightened when the mass culture and a spore suspensions were used in combination with cow dung manure to improve the plant growth parameters and reduce the number of root-knot and reproductive factors. Further investigations should be conducted to identify the impact of this fungus in the field.
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Kumar D, Anand T, Singh KP, Singh MK, Shah RA, Chauhan MS, Palta P, Singla SK, Manik RS. Derivation of buffalo embryonic stem-like cells from in vitro-produced blastocysts on homologous and heterologous feeder cells. J Assist Reprod Genet 2011; 28:679-88. [PMID: 21573679 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-011-9572-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study is to compare the ability of homologous and heterologous embryonic fibroblast feeder layers to support isolation and proliferation of buffalo ES-like cells generated from hatched and expanded blastocysts produced by in vitro fertilization and characterization of derived cells through expression of pluripotent markers. METHODS Embryonic stem cells were derived from hatched and expanded blastocysts through intact blastocyst culture and enzymatic method respectively and compared for proliferation rate on homologous (buffalo) and heterologous feeder layers (goat and sheep). RESULTS A total of 69 hatched and 83 expanded blastocysts were used for isolation of inner cell masses which were seeded on buffalo, goat and sheep embryonic feeder layers. Following seeding, attachment rate, primary colony formation rate and survival to maximum number of passages were observed to be higher on homologous feeder layers. CONCLUSIONS Upon comparison of different feeder layer cells for derivation and maintenance of buffalo ES-like cells from hatched and expanded blastocysts, buffalo embryonic fibroblast cells were able to provide a better environment for maintaining pluripotency in culture conditions.
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Shrivastav AB, Singh KP, Bhat MA, Mishra A. Occurrence of Gnathostoma spinigerum in free range tigress. J Parasit Dis 2011; 35:75-6. [PMID: 22654319 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-011-0029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmortem examination of free-range tigress of Pench Tiger Reserve, MP, India, aged approx 15 years revealed nodule in the pyloric part of the stomach packed with worms and was identified as Gnathostoma spinigerum on the basis of morphology of male and female worms, including eggs.
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Upadhyay B, Singh KP, Kumar A. Ethno-veterinary uses and informants consensus factor of medicinal plants of Sariska region, Rajasthan, India. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 133:14-25. [PMID: 20817085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2010] [Revised: 07/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF STUDY The study was conducted in Sariska region of Rajasthan, India to identify the important species used for ethno-veterinary medicine; finding out methods for various ethno-veterinary medicine preparations, and calculate the informant consensus factor (ICF) in relation to medicinal plant use. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ethno-veterinary survey was carried out in the Sariska region of Rajasthan, India. A total of 490 informants (287 men, 203 women) belonging mainly to families which had strong links with animal keeping activities of the area were interviewed using 'specimen display' method and forest walk method. RESULTS The highest ICF (0.61) was scored for the digestive problems including ailments stomachache, indigestion, liver expansion, diarrhea, intestinal worms, and stomach disorder. Citrullus colocynthis is used for fever and general sickness, with a highest use value (UV) of 0.62. While Pedalium murex, and Ziziphus nummularia used for diarrhea (UV=0.57) and Azadirachta indica, used as antiseptic, in foot and mouth disease and prevention from diseases were reported with a UV 0.51. CONCLUSIONS The documentation of this inherited rich traditional ethno-medicinal knowledge has provided novel information and this will not only provide recognition of this undocumented knowledge but will also help in conservation of such rare, gradually vanishing important ethno-veterinary species. It will also provide new pharmacological dimensions for better health care of the human being regarding many ailments.
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Srivastava A, Singh M, Singh KP, Tripathi P, Kumar R, Banerjee G. Identification, characterization and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of non fermenters from clinical specimens in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. THE JOURNAL OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES 2010; 42:171-177. [PMID: 22471180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Present study was an attempt to study the prevalence of nonfermenter and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern at CSM Medical University, Lucknow. All the isolates and samples were selected from clinical specimens received in Bacteriology section, P.G. Depart of Microbiology, for culture. The observation were made on the nonfermenter isolates that can be isolated from clinical specimen using simple Laboratory media e.g. Blood Agar & Mac Conkey agar. All relevant history & information were recorded from the subjects. A total of 8340 specimen were screened for a period of one year. The prevalence of nonfermenters came to be 19.09% among all isolates. Most of spp. belongs to oxidase+ve group (77%). P. aeruginosa was found to be most common isolate (53%). Overall sensitivity profile for ciprofloxacin was 60%, P/T 58% & Amikacin 56%. Sensitivity of imepenem was 60% for multi-resistant isolates. The most resistant isolate was Sachrolytic Acinetobacter spp. The knowledge of synergism between drugs in context to different isolates may aid in effective therapy for these isolates.
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Bhandari RS, Thakur DK, Singh KP. Revisiting Appendicular Lump. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2010. [DOI: 10.31729/jnma.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION:
Appendicular lump is a well known sequalae of acute appendicitis encountered in 2-6% of patients. Successful management of appendicular lump is controversial with different approaches. As many controversies are arising regarding management of appendicular lump. The aim of this study was to find out the outcome and evaluate possible need of changing our management strategy of appendicular lump.
METHODS:
A retrospective analysis of the patients managed with appendicular lump were done. All the patients admitted with diagnosis of appendicular lump and managed between, over two and half years, were included in the study. All age groups and both sex were included. Any patients whose diagnosis was changed after initial diagnosis of appendicular lump were excluded from the study.
RESULTS:
Total 75 patients had appendicular lump suggesting 10% incidence. Age varied between 11-83 years with nearly equal incidence in both sexes. Majority had onset of symptoms between 2 to 14 days with an average of 4 days. Average stay was 3 to 4 days. During study period, 12 (16%) came with recurrence and 13 (17%) cases came for elective appendectomy.
CONCLUSIONS:
Based on our finding, it is not sufficient to change our classical management strategy of appendicular lump and suggests a need for long term prospective study in this very common clinical condition.
KEYWORDS: appendicular lump, conservative management.
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Singh B, Singh KP, Parihar NS, Bansal MP, Singh CM. Lymphosarcomatous involvement of reproductive and endocrine organs in Indian buffalo. ZENTRALBLATT FUR VETERINARMEDIZIN. REIHE A 2010; 27:583-92. [PMID: 6779461 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1980.tb01876.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Kyizom T, Singh S, Singh KP, Tandon OP, Kumar R. Effect of pranayama & yoga-asana on cognitive brain functions in type 2 diabetes-P3 event related evoked potential (ERP). Indian J Med Res 2010; 131:636-640. [PMID: 20516534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Electrophysiological evidence of delayed cognition as measured by P300, an evoked potential is observed in Diabetes mellitus. P300 (or P3) is a component of endogenous cerebral evoked response that assesses higher functions of the brain. Our study aims to see the role of pranayama and yoga-asana on P300 latency and amplitude in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS Sixty patients of type 2 diabetes were recruited from diabetic clinic and divided into two groups - control group on only conventional medical therapy and yoga-group on conventional medical therapy along with pranayama and yoga-asana. Basal recordings of P300 and blood glucose were taken at the time of recruitment and second recordings repeated after forty five days for both the groups. P300 was recorded on Nihon Kohden Neuropack mu MEB 9100 using auditory "odd-ball paradigm". The data were analysed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's test at 5 per cent level of significance. RESULTS Statistically significant improvement in the latency and the amplitude of N200, P300 was observed in the yoga group as compared to the control group. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION Our data suggest that yoga has a beneficial effect on P300 and thus can be incorporated along with the conventional medical therapy for improving cognitive brain functions in diabetes.
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