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Jagim AR, Jones MT, Wright GA, St Antoine C, Kovacs A, Oliver JM. The acute effects of multi-ingredient pre-workout ingestion on strength performance, lower body power, and anaerobic capacity. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2016; 13:11. [PMID: 26962303 PMCID: PMC4784458 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-016-0122-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements (MIPS) are popular among resistance trained individuals. Previous research has indicated that acute MIPS ingestion may increase muscular endurance when using a hypertrophy-based protocol but less is known in regard to their effects on strength performance and high intensity running capacity. Therefore, the purpose was to determine if short-term, MIPS ingestion influences strength performance and anaerobic running capacity. Methods In a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled, crossover design; 12 males (19 ± 1 yrs.; 180 ± 12 cm; 89.3 ± 11 kg; 13.6 ± 4.9 %BF) had their body composition assessed followed by 5-repetition maximum (5RM) determination of back squat (BS; 119.3 ± 17.7 kg) and bench press (BP; 92.1 ± 17.8 kg) exercises. On two separate occasions subjects ingested a MIPS or a placebo (P) 30-minutes prior to performing a counter movement vertical jump test, 5 sets of 5 repetitions at 85 % of 5RM of BS and BP, followed by a single set to failure, and an anaerobic capacity sprint test to assess peak and mean power. Subjective markers of energy levels and fatigue were also assessed. Subjects returned one week later for a second testing session using counter treatment. Results MIPS resulted in a greater number of repetitions performed in the final set to failure in the BP (MIPS, 9.8 ± 1.7 repetitions; P, 9.1 ± 2; p = 0.03, d = 0.38), which led to a greater total volume load (set x repetitions x load) in the MIPS (753 ± 211 kg) compared to P (710 ± 226 kg; p =0.03, d = .20). MIPS ingestion improved subjective markers of fatigue (p = 0.01, d = 3.78) and alertness (p = 0.048, d = 2.72) following a bout of resistance training. An increase in mean power was observed in the MIPS condition (p = 0.03, d = 0.25) during the anaerobic sprint test. Conclusion Results suggest that acute ingestion of a MIPS study may increase upper body muscular endurance. In addition, acute MIPS ingestion improved mean power output during an anaerobic capacity sprint test. However, the practical significance of these performance related outcomes may be minimal due to the small effect sizes observed. MIPS ingestion does appear to positively influence subjective markers of fatigue and alertness during high-intensity exercise.
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Jones MT. A Model to Create Initial Experiential Learning Opportunities in Strength and Conditioning. Strength Cond J 2015. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Anzalone AJ, Almada AL, Van Eck LE, Jones MT, Jagim AR, Mitchell JB, Shah M, Oliver JM. Effect of post-exercise ingestion of different molecular weight carbohydrate solutions. Part II: The incretin response. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2015. [PMCID: PMC4595447 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-12-s1-p31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Van Eck LE, Almada AL, Jones MT, Jagim A, Mitchell J, Oliver JM. Effect of post-exercise ingestion of different molecular weight carbohydrate solutions. Part III: Power output during a subsequent resistance training bout. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2015. [PMCID: PMC4595088 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-12-s1-p32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Kisiolek J, Schultz K, Luedke J, Jones MT, Oliver JM, Jagim AR. A comparison of resting energy prediction equations in young recreationally active women. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2015. [PMCID: PMC4595499 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-12-s1-p50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
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Jagim AR, Wright G, Schultz K, St Antoine C, Jones MT, Oliver JM. Effects of acute ingestion of a multi-ingredient pre-workout supplement on lower body power and anaerobic sprint performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2015. [PMCID: PMC4595097 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-12-s1-p49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Nystrom MG, Jagim AR, Greenwood M, Oliver JM, Jones MT. Nutrient timing habits of Division I NCAA athletes. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2015. [PMCID: PMC4595379 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-12-s1-p33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Almada AL, Van Eck LE, Shah M, Jones MT, Jagim A, Dalton R, Mitchell J, Oliver JM. Effect of post-exercise ingestion of different molecular weight carbohydrate solutions. Part 1: The glucose and insulin response. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2015. [PMCID: PMC4594787 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-12-s1-p30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Oliver JM, Kreutzer A, Jenke S, Phillips MD, Mitchell JB, Jones MT. Acute response to cluster sets in trained and untrained men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2015; 115:2383-93. [PMID: 26183257 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In traditional sets (TRD) repetitions are performed continuously, whereas cluster sets (CLU) allow a brief rest between groups of repetitions. We investigated the acute mechanical, metabolic, and hormonal response to CLU in men. METHODS Twelve resistance-trained (RT) and 11 untrained (UT) men performed TRD (4 × 10 repetitions with 2 min rest) and CLU [4 × (2 × 5) with 1.5 min rest between sets 30 s rest between clusters] at 70 % 1RM back squat in random order. Seven days separated trials. Average power and time under tension (TUT) were calculated. Blood was sampled pre, sets 1, 2, and 3; immediate post-exercise, 5, 15, 30, 60 min post-exercise for blood lactate, total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), growth hormone (GH), and cortisol. RESULTS CLU produced greater average power at an increasing number of repetitions over each set with greater total volume load. TUT was shorter for RT and lower for CLU in repetitions 1, 6, 7, 8. Blood lactate was higher Set 2 through 30 min in TRD. RT had higher TT; however, the time course was similar between RT and UT. TT and FT increased immediate post-exercise and remained elevated 30 min in both conditions. GH was significantly greater during TRD with a similar pattern observed in both conditions. Cortisol was significantly lower at 30 min in CLU. CONCLUSION CLU allowed greater total volume load, shorter TUT, greater average power, similar anabolic hormonal response, and less metabolic stress. The acute response was similar despite training status.
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Jones MT. Effect of compensatory acceleration training in combination with accommodating resistance on upper body strength in collegiate athletes. Open Access J Sports Med 2014; 5:183-9. [PMID: 25177154 PMCID: PMC4128835 DOI: 10.2147/oajsm.s65877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the impact of inclusion of a band or chain compensatory acceleration training (CAT), in a 5-week training phase, on maximal upper body strength during a 14-week off-season strength and conditioning program for collegiate male athletes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-four National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) collegiate baseball players, who were familiar with the current strength and conditioning program and had a minimum of 1 year of formal collegiate strength and conditioning experience, participated in this off-season training study. None of the men had participated in CAT before. Subjects were matched following a maximal effort (1-repetition maximum [1-RM]) bench press test in week 1, then were randomly assigned into a band-based CAT group or a chain-based CAT group and participated in a 5-week training phase that included bench pressing twice per week. Upper body strength was measured by 1-RM bench press again at week 6. A 2 × 2 mixed factorial (method × time) analysis of variance was calculated to compare differences across groups. The alpha level was set at P<0.05. RESULTS No difference (F 1,22=0.04, P=0.84) existed between the band-based CAT and chain-based CAT groups. A significant difference was observed between pre- and posttests of 1-RM bench (F 1,22=88.46, P=0.001). CONCLUSION A 5-week band CAT or chain CAT training program used in conjunction with an off-season strength and conditioning program can increase maximal upper body strength in collegiate baseball athletes. Using band CAT and/or chain CAT as a training modality in the off-season will vary the training stimulus from the traditional and likely help to maintain the athlete's interest.
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Jones MT. Progressive-overload whole-body vibration training as part of periodized, off-season strength training in trained women athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2014; 28:2461-9. [PMID: 24936902 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purpose was to examine the effects of progressive-overload, whole-body vibration (WBV) training on strength and power as part of a 15-week periodized, strength training (ST) program. Eighteen collegiate women athletes with ≥1 year of ST and no prior WBV training participated in the crossover design. Random assignment to 1 of the 2 groups followed pretests of seated medicine ball throw (SMBT), single-leg hop for distance (LSLH, RSLH), countermovement jump (CMJ), 3 repetition maximum (3RM) front squat (FS), pull-up (PU), and 3RM bench press (BP). Whole-body vibration was two 3-week phases of dynamic and static hold body weight exercises administered 2 d·wk in ST sessions throughout the 15-week off-season program. Total WBV exposure was 6 minutes broken into 30-second bouts with 60-second rest (1:2 work-to-relief ratio). Exercises, frequency, and amplitude progressed in intensity from the first 3-week WBV training to the second 3-week phase. Repeated-measures analysis of variances were used to analyze the SMBT, CMJ, LSLH, RSLH, FS, PU, and BP tests. Alpha level was p ≤ 0.05. Front squat, LSLH, and RSLH increased (p = 0.001) from pre- to posttest; FS increased from mid- to posttest. Pull-up increased (p = 0.008) from pre- to posttest. Seated medicine ball throw and BP showed a trend of increased performance from pre- to posttest (p = 0.11). Two 3-week phases of periodized, progressive-overload WBV + ST training elicited gains in strength and power during a 15-week off-season program. Greatest improvements in performance tests occurred in the initial WBV phase. Implementing WBV in conjunction with ST appears to be more effective in the early phases of training.
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Jones MT, Lorenzo DC. Assessment of power, speed, and agility in athletic, preadolescent youth. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2013; 53:693-700. [PMID: 24247194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this report was to assess power, speed, and agility in athletic, preadolescent youth, and determine how agility related to muscular strength and power. METHODS Boys (N.=53) and girls (N.=104) completed vertical jump (VJ), standing long jump (SLJ), seated medicine ball throw (SMBT), proagility shuttle run (PRO), partial curl-ups (CURL), and 20 yd sprint (20 SP). One-way analysis of variance for gender comparison and multiple regression analysis for determining association among tests were used. RESULTS No gender differences (P>0.05) existed for VJ or PRO. However, boys performed better on SLJ (P=0.03; 162.61+24.64 vs.154.51+20.78 cm), 20 SP (P=0.001; 3.70+0.35 vs. 3.96+0.33 s), and CURL (P=0.02; 35.16+9.67 vs. 31.48+8.80) while girls scored higher on SMBT (P=0.001; 340.46+68.58 vs. 287.12+56.39 cm). Among girls, PRO was correlated (P<0.01) with SLJ (r=-0.70) and VJ (r=-0.67). In boys, correlations (P<0.01) existed between VJ and SLJ (r=0.73) and 20 SP and PRO (r=0.72). CONCLUSION The current study supports previous research that found a correlation between SLJ and VJ. SLJ, VJ and SP were significant predictors of PRO, accounting for 55%, 46%, and 43% of the variation, respectively. The PRO agility test is easy to administer and requires lower body strength and power necessary for the quick changes in direction inherent to ground-based field sports. When designing a performance-related test battery for young athletes, PRO, SLJ, and VJ are effective measures and worthy of inclusion.
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Girman JC, Jones MT, Matthews TD, Wood RJ. Acute effects of a cluster-set protocol on hormonal, metabolic and performance measures in resistance-trained males. Eur J Sport Sci 2013; 14:151-9. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2013.775351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Skidmore BL, Jones MT, Blegen M, Matthews TD. Acute effects of three different circuit weight training protocols on blood lactate, heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion in recreationally active women. J Sports Sci Med 2012; 11:660-8. [PMID: 24150076 PMCID: PMC3763312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Interval and circuit weight training are popular training methods for maximizing time-efficiency, and are purported to deliver greater physiological benefits faster than traditional training methods. Adding interval training into a circuit weight-training workout may further enhance the benefits of circuit weight training by placing increased demands upon the cardiovascular system. Our purpose was to compare acute effects of three circuit weight training protocols 1) traditional circuit weight training, 2) aerobic circuit weight training, and 3) combined circuit weight-interval training on blood lactate (BLA), heart rate (HR), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). Eleven recreationally active women completed 7 exercise sessions. Session 1 included measurements of height, weight, estimated VO2max, and 13 repetition maximum (RM) testing of the weight exercises. Sessions 2-4 were held on non-consecutive days for familiarization with traditional circuit weight training (TRAD), aerobic circuit weight training (ACWT), and combined circuit weight-interval training (CWIT) protocols. In sessions 5-7, TRAD, ACWT, and CWIT were performed in a randomized order ≥ 72 hr apart for measures of BLA, HR, and RPE at pre-exercise and following each of three mini-circuit weight training stations. Repeated-measures ANOVAs yielded significant interactions (p < 0.05) in BLA, HR, and RPE. Combined circuit weight-interval training (CWIT) produced higher BLA (7.31 ± 0.37 vs. TRAD: 3.99 ± 0.26, ACWT: 4.54 ± 0.31 mmol.L(-1)), HR (83.51 ± 1.18 vs. TRAD: 70.42 ± 1.67, ACWT: 74.13 ± 1.43 beats.min(-1)) and RPE (8.14 ± 0.41 vs. TRAD: 5.06 ± 0.43, ACWT: 6.15 ± 0.42) at all measures. Aerobic circuit weight training (ACWT) elicited greater RPE than traditional circuit weight training (TRAD) at all measures. Including combined circuit weight-interval training (CWIT) workouts into exercise programming may enhance fitness benefits and maximize time-efficiency more so than traditional circuit training methods.
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Jones MT, Ambegaonkar JP, Nindl BC, Smith JA, Headley SA. Effects of unilateral and bilateral lower-body heavy resistance exercise on muscle activity and testosterone responses. J Strength Cond Res 2012; 26:1094-100. [PMID: 22222320 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e318248ab3b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Unilateral and bilateral lower-body heavy resistance exercises (HREs) are used for strength training. Little research has examined whether muscle activation and testosterone (TES) responses differ between these exercises. Our purpose was to compare the effects of unilateral and bilateral lower-body HRE on muscle activity using surface electromyography (sEMG) and TES concentrations. Ten resistance-trained, college-aged male athletes (football, track and field) completed 5 testing sessions in which bilateral (back squat [BS]) and unilateral (pitcher squat [PS]) exercises were performed using a counterbalanced design. Sessions 1 and 2 determined estimated maximum strength (10 repetition maximum [10RM]) in the BS and PS. During testing session 3, muscle activation (sEMG) was measured in the right vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gluteus maximus, and erector spinae (ES) during both BS and PS (stance leg) exercises. In sessions 4 and 5, total TES concentrations (nanomoles per liter) were measured via blood draws at baseline (preexercise), 0, 5, 10, 15, and 30 minutes postexercise after 4 sets of 10 repetitions at the 10RM. Separate repeated-measures analyses of variance examined differences in sEMG and TES between BS and PS (p < 0.05). The sEMG amplitudes were similar (p = 0.80) for BS (0.22 ± 0.06 mV) and PS (0.20 ± 0.07 mV). The TES responses were also similar (p = 0.15) between BS (21.8 ± 6.9 nmol·L(-1)) and PS (26.2 ± 10.1 nmol·L(-1)). The similar lower limb and back sEMG and TES responses may indicate that the neuromuscular and hormonal demands were comparable for both the BS and PS exercises despite the absolute work being less in the PS. The PS exercise may be an effective method for including unilateral exercise into lower-body resistance training when designing training programs for ground-based activities.
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Jones MT, Parker BM, Cortes N. The effect of whole-body vibration training and conventional strength training on performance measures in female athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2012; 25:2434-41. [PMID: 21792072 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e31822817cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of regular whole-body vibration (WBV) training on lower body strength and power. National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III softball athletes (n = 9) completed the 9-week protocol as part of their off-season strength and conditioning program. The athletes were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups. Week 1, pretesting included 3 repetition maximum (3RM) back squat, standing long jump (SLJ), and vertical countermovement jump (VCMJ). Phase I training (weeks 2-4) consisted of either WBV training (group 1) or conventional strength training (CST, group 2). The primary programmatic difference between WBV and CST was the inclusion of WBV sets after squat sets. Posttesting (3RM squat, SLJ, VCMJ) occurred at week 5. Phase II training (weeks 6-8) consisted of either WBV training (group 2) or CST (group 1). Posttesting was repeated at week 9 after the completion of phase II. Three 2 × 2 mixed factorial analyses of variance were computed. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were found between groups or between groups and testing period for the SLJ, VCMJ, and estimated 1RM back squat. Increases (p < 0.05) were observed in SLJ, VCMJ, and back squat from pretest to posttest 1. Back squat increased (p < 0.05) from posttest 1 to posttest 2. All the athletes experienced significantly greater (p < 0.05) percent changes from pretest to posttest 1 for SLJ and VCMJ. These results indicate that the inclusion of WBV as part of an off-season strength and conditioning program has no apparent benefit over CST methods for collegiate softball players.
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Headley SA, Henry K, Nindl BC, Thompson BA, Kraemer WJ, Jones MT. Effects of lifting tempo on one repetition maximum and hormonal responses to a bench press protocol. J Strength Cond Res 2011; 25:406-13. [PMID: 20351575 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181bf053b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out in 2 parts: part 1 was designed to measure the 1 repetition maximum (1RM) bench press with 2 different moderate-velocity tempos (2/0/2) vs. (2/0/4) in male lifters while part 2 compared the hormonal responses at the same tempos as described in part 1. In both parts 1 and 2, the 1RMs (lbs) were higher on the 2/0/2 tempo than on the 2/0/4 tempo. The change in plasma volume (PV) was greater after the 2/0/4 tempo (-5.7 ± 1.7% vs. 0.96 ± 1.2%, p < 0.05). All blood parameters were significantly (p < 0.05) higher post-exercise compared with baseline. With PV corrected, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) (ng·mL⁻¹) was higher with the 2/0/2 tempo only (pre-exercise: 277.4 ± 21.8, post-exercise: 308.1 ± 22.9; 2/0/4 tempo pre-exercise: 277.2 ± 17.6, post-exercise: 284.8 ± 21.2). In conclusion, heavier loads can be lifted and more total work can be performed using a (2/0/2) tempo compared with a slower (2/0/4) tempo, but with the exception of IGF-1, the hormonal responses are similar. Individuals may get the same metabolic responses to training by using different tempos, but they will need to use less weight at a slower tempo.
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Rickman A, Cortes N, Greska E, Kollock R, Ambegoankar J, Jones MT, Onate J. The Effect Of Sequential Fatigue On Lower Extremity Biomechanics During A Crossover Task. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000401159.70639.da] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Jones MT, Matthews TD, Murray M, Van Raalte J, Jensen BE. Psychological correlates of performance in female athletes during a 12-week off-season strength and conditioning program. J Strength Cond Res 2010; 24:619-28. [PMID: 20093958 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181cc23c3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Examination of the relationship between performance testing and psychological measures before and after a 12-week strength and conditioning program was the study's purpose. Female NCAA Division-III soccer (n = 28), field hockey (n = 28), and softball (n = 19) athletes completed pre- and post-testing held 12 weeks apart. On day 1, athletes completed informed consent, 3 psychological measures (Profile of Mood States [POMS], Physical Self Perception Profile [PSPP], and Athlete's Self Perception of Physical Abilities [ASPPA]), and 2 strength tests (1 repetition maximum [1RM] bench, 1RM back squat). Day 2 consisted of the 30-yd sprint, pro agility run (PRO), vertical jump (VJ), and standing long jump (SLJ). All sports improved (p < 0.01) in 1RM bench and squat and reported increases in perceived Physical Strength on the PSPP (p < 0.01). Soccer athletes improved (p < 0.01) in VJ, SLJ, and PRO (p < 0.05). No differences were found in POMS scores. The POMS scores indicated that the athletes were not overtrained or experiencing staleness. A series of correlations showed relationships between physical and psychological measures. Specifically, Physical Strength was correlated with 1RM upper-body (r = 0.49, p < 0.01) and lower-body (r = 0.42, p < 0.01) strength. The PSPP Physical Strength was correlated with ASPPA ratings of upper-body (r = 0.68, p < 0.01) and lower-body (r = 0.57, p < 0.01) strength. The PSPP Sport Competence correlated with ASPPA ratings of power (r = 0.45, p < 0.01) and PRO (r = 0.38, p < 0.05). The study's results highlight the benefits of strength and conditioning. Furthermore, these results demonstrate how physical changes are related to athletes' physical self-perceptions and self-assessment of ability within their teams.
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Dorian T, Schroeder K, Fogarty T, Mel A, Jones MT, Blegen M. The Influence of Massage on Pre- and Post-Exercise Flexibility. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000274936.92228.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Blegen M, Dorian T, Schroeder K, Fogarty T, Mel A, Jones MT. The Influence of Massage on Pre- and Post-Exercise Soreness Perception. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000274935.84604.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cosio-Lima LM, Reynolds KL, Winter C, Paolone V, Jones MT. Effects of physioball and conventional floor exercises on early phase adaptations in back and abdominal core stability and balance in women. J Strength Cond Res 2004; 17:721-5. [PMID: 14636114 DOI: 10.1519/1533-4287(2003)017<0721:eopacf>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 5 weeks of physioball core stability and balance exercises with conventional floor exercises in women. The experimental group (n = 15) performed curl-ups and back extensions on the physioball while the control group (n = 15) performed the same exercises on the floor. Baseline and post-training tests included electromyography (EMG) recordings of the rectus abdominus and erector spinae muscles; abdominal, back, and knee strength measurements with the Cybex Norm System; and 2 unilateral stance balance tests. The physioball group was found to have significantly greater mean change in EMG flexion and extension activity (p = 0.04 and p = 0.01, respectively) and greater balance scores (p < 0.01) than the floor exercise group. No significant changes (p > 0.05) were observed for heart rate or Cybex strength measurements. Early adaptations in a short-term core exercise program using the physioball resulted in greater gains in torso balance and EMG neuronal activity in previously untrained women when compared to performing exercises on the floor.
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Stoner SC, Worrel JA, Vlach D, Jones MT, Ramlatchman LV. Retrospective analysis of serum valproate levels and need for an antidepressant drug. Pharmacotherapy 2001; 21:850-4. [PMID: 11444581 DOI: 10.1592/phco.21.9.850.34562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We sought to determine whether patients receiving valproate plus an antidepressant had significantly lower serum valproate levels before initiation of the antidepressant than those patients receiving valproate without an antidepressant. We further sought to identify the prevalence of antidepressant-induced mania and to determine if valproate provided a protective effect against antidepressant-induced mania. A computer database search from January 1, 1990-June 30, 1998, identified patients with bipolar or schizoaffective disorder treated with valproate. Patients receiving an antidepressant during valproate therapy were identified as the treatment group (9 patients), and the remaining patients served as the control group (17 patients). Serum valproate levels were recorded just before starting the antidepressant for the treatment group and monthly during a comparable period for the control group. The mean time to antidepressant initiation was 15 +/- 8 weeks. The mean serum valproate level just before antidepressant initiation was significantly lower for the treatment group compared with the mean serum valproate level averaged over 16 +/- 6 weeks for the control group (54 +/- 24 vs 73 +/- 13 microg/ml, p<0.05). Four patients (44%) developed antidepressant-induced mania. Three required discontinuation of the antidepressant; their serum valproate levels were 54, 60, and 71 microg/ml. Patients requiring the addition of an antidepressant had significantly lower valproate serum levels than those who did not require an antidepressant. Further study is necessary to determine whether higher serum valproate levels are needed for prevention of depressive symptoms in bipolar and schizoaffective disorders.
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Jones MT, Cockrum PC. A critical review of published economic modelling studies in depression. PHARMACOECONOMICS 2000; 17:555-583. [PMID: 10977394 DOI: 10.2165/00019053-200017060-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a very costly chronic disease. An important cost driver is treatment failure caused by patient noncompliance due, in part, to the adverse effects of medications. Additionally, inadequate duration of therapy and inappropriate medication switching contribute to the high cost of treatment. With the epidemiological data for depression demonstrating a rise in both incidence and prevalence over the last 20 years, and the fact that many of the newer antidepressants will see patent expiry in the near future, previous antidepressant cost-effectiveness scenarios are likely to change. As economic models play an increasingly important role in therapeutic decision-making, clinicians are encouraged to understand the strategies and methods involved in modelling antidepressant therapy. The aim of this review of the literature and synthesis of the various techniques important to the modelling of antidepressant therapies is for the practitioner to gain an increased understanding of the modelling methods previously utilised and be in a position to better evaluate future health economic models for the treatment of depression.
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