151
|
Observation of soliton fusion in a Josephson array. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:034103. [PMID: 16486706 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.034103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of topological solitons in a parallel array of a Josephson junction is studied experimentally. We observe the fusion of two relativistic solitons of the same polarity into a single soliton. The soliton carries two quanta of magnetic flux and, most strikingly, travels 18% faster than an ordinary soliton under the same driving force. We also find a variety of bunched states composed of solitons of the same polarity, moving with fixed separation.
Collapse
|
152
|
Posaconazole as salvage therapy for zygomycosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:126-33. [PMID: 16377677 PMCID: PMC1346806 DOI: 10.1128/aac.50.1.126-133.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2005] [Revised: 09/09/2005] [Accepted: 10/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zygomycosis, an infection that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, is becoming common in immunocompromised patients. Posaconazole is a new extended-spectrum azole antifungal that has demonstrated in vitro and in vivo activity against zygomycetes. This report provides the results from the first 24 patients with active zygomycosis who were enrolled in two open-label, nonrandomized, multicentered compassionate trials that evaluated oral posaconazole as salvage therapy for invasive fungal infections. Posaconazole was usually given as an oral suspension of 200 mg four times a day or 400 mg twice a day. Eleven (46%) of the infections were rhinocerebral. Duration of posaconazole therapy ranged from 8 to 1,004 days (mean, 292 days; median, 182 days). Rates of successful treatment (complete cure and partial response) were 79% in 19 subjects with zygomycosis refractory to standard therapy and 80% in 5 subjects with intolerance to standard therapy. Overall, 19 of 24 subjects (79%) survived infection. Survival was also associated with surgical resection of affected tissue and stabilization or improvement of the subjects' underlying illnesses. Failures either had worsening of underlying illnesses or requested all therapy withdrawn; none of the failures received more than 31 days of posaconazole. Posaconazole oral solution was well tolerated and was discontinued in only one subject due to a drug rash. Posaconazole appears promising as an oral therapy for zygomycosis in patients who receive required surgery and control their underlying illness.
Collapse
|
153
|
Die Nutzung der Erlösdaten der „DRGs“ für ein externes Benchmarking der anästhesiologischen und intensivmedizinischen Leistungserbringung. Anaesthesist 2006; 55:26-32. [PMID: 16177897 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-005-0918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Measurement and assessment of the economic efficiency of clinical departments is still an unresolved, yet important problem in hospital management. Benchmarking with other providers can help to evaluate one's own efficacy in anaesthesia and intensive care services. In this article we describe a method for using the diagnosis-related-groups (DRG) cost breakdown data, to achieve a case mix adjusted comparison of own costs for anaesthesia and intensive care services with the average costs in German hospitals. On the basis of 19,401 cases from 10 different surgical departments, we compared our own costs with the German-wide benchmark. Major factors for profit optimisation are discussed. Special attention is given to the close interaction of surgical, anaesthesiological and intensive care process performance and costs and its impact on benchmarking studies.
Collapse
|
154
|
Abstract
The main symptom of unilateral vocal fold palsy is hoarseness, which can cause considerable disturbance to the patient depending on its extent and the patient's individual situation. Therapy aims at the restitution of a tuneful and resilient voice, which can be achieved by surgical or conservative means, improving the glottal closure and synchronizing the vocal fold vibrations during phonation. Vocal therapy is a common conservative method that may be supported by psychotherapeutic or physical procedures. In surgical therapy, there is a distinction between techniques of endoscopic augmentation by injecting different materials into the vocal folds and transcutaneous laryngeal framework surgery, i.e., transferring the paralyzed vocal fold to the glottal midline. Particularly apt for injection are biocompatible materials amount and position whose can easily be controlled. However, the inevitable resorption of many materials causes deterioration in voice quality. Furthermore, the change of vocal fold morphology obstructs regular phonatory vibration. On the other hand, medialization thyroplasty leads to permanent voice amelioration without a substantial complication rate when performed by experienced surgeons.
Collapse
|
155
|
Abstract
Gold prostheses in middle ear surgery were found to have a higher extrusion rate than prostheses made from titanium. Incidences of deafness after insertion of a gold piston into the vestibule during stapes surgery have been observed. The aim of this study was to find out to what degree gold cations can diffuse from the prosthesis piston into the perilymph. For this, gold prostheses were incubated in artificial perilymph for four months, after which the gold content of the perilymph was analysed. As gold exhibits a special behaviour in complex fluids like the perilymph, a new analysing method was developed. The results show that gold does leak out of the pistons, that it can be reliably measured and that the amount of gold reaching the perilymph depends on the contact area. As the amount of gold measured in the perilymph stays far below the toxic level, it is very unlikely that the gold cations diffusing from a stapes prosthesis into the perilymph have a toxic effect on the inner ear hair cells. Inflammatory or allergic reactions to gold induced by direct tissue contact, however, cannot be excluded.
Collapse
|
156
|
[Quality of life and voice handicap of laryngectomees using tracheoesophageal substitute voice]. Laryngorhinootologie 2005; 84:101-7. [PMID: 15712045 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-826068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health-related quality of life (QoL) and subjective health have become popular constructs for the evaluation of both efficacy and efficiency of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in medicine. QoL is considered a multidimensional construct encompassing physical, mental and social facets of life. It is an accepted outcome parameter not only in international classification systems such as ICIDH and ICF, but as well in clinical guidelines and disease management programs. Measuring quality of life allows for comparison of different diseases though it certainly lacks disease specific aspects. Thus, it has to be assumed that in patients with distinct functional deficits QoL cannot cover all aspects that are important for the individual patient. This study focuses on laryngectomies and their self-evaluation of post-laryngectomy speech. It is well known that these patients experience a decreased QoL compared to patients after partial laryngectomy or healthy persons. In this study, the impact of voice restoration on the laryngectomies' QoL was evaluated. PATIENTS AND METHODS In 20 male laryngectomies aged 62 +/- 8 years, relations between QoL and voice handicap were evaluated using two instruments as proposed in the international literature, i. e. the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the Voice Handicap Index (VHI). All patients had successfully been using tracheoesophageal substitute voice for at least one year. Complete data sets were available from all patients. Data were analysed using Microsoft Excel and Sigma Plot, Jandel Corp. software packages. RESULTS Results of both the SF-36 and the VHI reveal wide interindividual ranges. There are statistically significant correlations (p < 0.05) between the SF-36's scales General Health and Vitality and the VHI, whereas no correlations were found between social and psychological scales and the voice handicap. DISCUSSION Wide ranges of the data obtained reveal that obviously both health related quality of life and voice handicap are not affected in a group specific way. So, both tests are of clinical value to depict individual aspects of wellbeing after laryngectomy. The combination of VHI and SF-36 illuminates correlations between general and special subjective aspects. Strikingly, the laryngectomies' social and psychological status is not related to their voice handicap. Data allow for conclusion that laryngectomies' substitute voice problems do not affect social aspects of quality of life in a disease specific way, at least as long as voice restoration was successful at all.
Collapse
|
157
|
Health-related quality of life (HRQL) associated with bortezomib compared with high-dose dexamethasone in relapsed multiple myeloma (MM): Results from APEX study. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.6535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
158
|
Abstract
Internal transfer pricing system (ITPS) of anaesthesia services is established to guarantee a close connection of delivered service and the budget of the department of anaesthesia. In most cases a time-based system is used with the pricing unit being calculated as the quotient from the enumerator "costs" divided by the denominator "anaesthesia time in minutes". The implementation of a transfer pricing system requires the identification of all relevant costs caused by the department of anaesthesia and a cost centre structure is needed which allocates all costs correctly according to their cause. The regulations regarding cost calculations as defined by the German DRG System should be considered. To generate valid data not only the necessary technical infrastructure is needed, but also detailed training of the staff and plausibility checks are needed to ensure correct and complete data. Subsequent agreements with the hospital administration are necessary in order to adjust the system if extrinsic cost increases occur. This paper gives a step-by-step guidance for the successful implementation of an internal transfer pricing system based on anaesthesia time.
Collapse
|
159
|
|
160
|
|
161
|
Abstract
The Ensembl (http://www.ensembl.org/) project provides a comprehensive and integrated source of annotation of large genome sequences. Over the last year the number of genomes available from the Ensembl site has increased by 7 to 16, with the addition of the six vertebrate genomes of chimpanzee, dog, cow, chicken, tetraodon and frog and the insect genome of honeybee. The majority have been annotated automatically using the Ensembl gene build system, showing its flexibility to reliably annotate a wide variety of genomes. With the increased number of vertebrate genomes, the comparative analysis provided to users has been greatly improved, with new website interfaces allowing annotation of different genomes to be directly compared. The Ensembl software system is being increasingly widely reused in different projects showing the benefits of a completely open approach to software development and distribution.
Collapse
|
162
|
[Helicobacter pylori: reasons for eradication]. PRAXIS 2004; 93:2135-2141. [PMID: 15672764 DOI: 10.1024/0369-8394.93.51.2135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection has been recognized as the most important pathogenetic principal of peptic ulcer disease, atrophic gastritis, gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma. At the moment efforts are made to clarify it's role in functional dyspepsia, and gastro-esophageal reflux disease. The complex interactions between H. pylori infection and NSAIDs is another field of ongoing research. Diagnosis and eradication therapy are standardized. Established indications are peptic ulcer disease, low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma, early gastric cancer treated by mucosal resection and partial gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Atrophic gastritis, known to be a precancerous lesion, as well as first degree relatives of patients with gastric cancer is another widely accepted indication for eradication therapy. The recommended eradication regimens combine a proton pump inhibitor with clarithromycin and either amoxicillin or metronidazole--for a week.
Collapse
|
163
|
Ein retrospektiver Vergleich der Kosten von Allgemeinanästhesien und Regionalanästhesien. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-837336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
164
|
Die Auswirkungen einer internen Leistungsverrechnung anästhesiologischer Leistungen auf Prozesszeiten in der Anästhesie. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-837335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
165
|
Rapid analysis of CpG methylation patterns using RNase T1 cleavage and MALDI-TOF. Nucleic Acids Res 2004; 32:e167. [PMID: 15576674 PMCID: PMC535694 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gnh165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we introduce a method for the fast and accurate analysis of DNA methylation based on bisulfite-treated DNA. The target region is PCR amplified using a T7 RNA polymerase promoter-tagged primer. A subsequent in vitro transcription leads to a transcript which contains guanosine residues only at sites that contained methylated cytosines before bisulfite treatment. In a single tube reaction using guanosine-specific cleavage by RNase T1, a specific pattern of RNA fragments is formed. This pattern directly represents the methylation state of the sample DNA and is analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight technology. This method was successfully applied to the analysis of artificially methylated and unmethylated DNA, mixtures thereof and colon DNA samples. The applicability for the analysis of both PCR products and cloned PCR products is demonstrated. The observed methylation patterns were confirmed by bisulfite sequencing.
Collapse
|
166
|
Promoter specificity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing revealed by DNA binding of purified LasR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:15833-9. [PMID: 15505212 PMCID: PMC528741 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0407229101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with their cognate acyl-homoserine lactone signals, the quorum sensing regulators LasR and RhlR control the expression of hundreds of genes in the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This extensive, overlapping regulatory network affords the opportunity to systematically investigate the sequence requirements and specificity determinants of large families of target promoters. Many of the P. aeruginosa quorum-controlled genes possess conserved palindromic promoter elements predicted to be binding sites for either one or both transcriptional regulators, but biochemical proof has not been reported. We have purified native LasR and characterized binding to various quorum-controlled promoters in vitro. Purified LasR was a dimer in solution that irreversibly bound two molecules of 3-oxo-C12-homoserine lactone. LasR bound several las-responsive promoters specifically and with high affinity, interacting cooperatively with some promoters and noncooperatively with others. LasR recognized some, but not all, of the predicted binding sites, and also bound to several unexpected sites. In contrast to predictions from genetic data, we found that the recognition sequences of las-specific promoters showed little overall sequence conservation and did not require dyad symmetry. We found distinct differences in sequence composition between las-specific noncooperative, las-specific cooperative, and rhl-responsive promoters. These results provide the basis for defining promoter specificity elements in P. aeruginosa quorum sensing. Insights into the molecular mechanism of LasR function have implications for the development of quorum-sensing targeted antivirulence compounds.
Collapse
|
167
|
Abstract
At Agfa Medical Imaging Systems, a new type of image plate scanner is being developed. Instead of scanning the irradiated image plate with a single laser and reading the luminescence information with a single light collector and photomultiplier, the new system employs a whole line of laser diodes and a set of CCD line sensors. This technique allows for virtually unlimited detection areas and a very fast readout.
Collapse
|
168
|
A randomized placebo-controlled phase II study with the cancer vaccine IGN101 in patients with epithelial solid organ tumors (IGN101/2–01). J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.2619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
169
|
Korreliert die Patientenzufriedenheit mit dem Schmerzniveau bei der Anwendung von patientenkontrollierter Epiduralanalgesie? Schmerz 2004; 18:145-50. [PMID: 15067536 DOI: 10.1007/s00482-003-0241-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The evaluation of patients' satisfaction and outcome after surgery is of increasing importance. An optimized postoperative pain management may contribute substantially to this important goal. METHODS After approval of the local ethics committee and written informed consent, 150 adult patients receiving epidural catheters for postoperative pain management were evaluated over 1 week postoperatively with respect to their satisfaction with the pain therapy and incidence of side effects. All patients received a continuous epidural infusion with ropivacaine 0.2% plus sufentanil 0.5 microg/ml via a PCEA pump (basal rate 6-8 ml/h, bolus 2 ml, lockout time 5 min). For assessment of pain the VAS scale (0-100 mm) was used, and patients' satisfaction was evaluated using a numeric rating scale (1-6, 1=very good, 6=very dissatisfied). RESULTS Of the patients, 95 were operated in general surgery, 32 in orthopedics, and 23 in gynecology. Time of treatment with epidural catheters (71% thoracic, 29% lumbar catheters) was 5.1 +/- 2.9 days. Of the patients, 87.8% evaluated the postoperative pain service as very good or good, and 89% of the patients would choose the same pain therapy again. Side effects mainly consisted in bladder dysfunction (19%) and intermittent motor blockade (18%) especially with lumbar catheters. Correlation between patient satisfaction and the remembered maximum pain levels was low ( r=0.266). CONCLUSION Evaluation of patients' satisfaction with postoperative epidural pain therapy resulted in a high degree of satisfaction without correlation between patients' satisfaction and recalled maximum pain levels. These results, including side effects and special problems during pain therapy, provide motivation to further improve postoperative pain management.
Collapse
|
170
|
|
171
|
Multizentrische Untersuchung einer neuen, problemlösenden Stimmprothese (Provox Activalve®). Laryngorhinootologie 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-823361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
172
|
Effect of deoxynivalenol (DON) on growing pigs and its modification by modified yeast cell wall or modified yeast cell wall and bentonite. Mycotoxin Res 2004; 20:42-8. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02946709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
173
|
Safety and tolerability of combination anidulafungin (ANID) and liposomal amphotericn B (LAmB) for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis (IA). Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2003.12.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
174
|
Waxenecker G, Schuster M, Umana P, Brünker P, Froihofer I, Wiederkum S, Schwager C, Klug H, Mudde G, Himmler G, Loibner H. Cancer Cell Int 2004; 4:S22. [DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-4-s1-s22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
175
|
Selective separation and recovery of heavy metal ions using water-soluble N-benzoylthiourea modified PAMAM polymers. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2003.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
176
|
[Guidelines and their practical application in congenital hearing loss]. DAS GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2003; 65:566-71. [PMID: 14571363 DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-43003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Permanent congenital hearing loss in children does not only influence speech acquisition but also has a severe impact on the entire intellectual and psychological development, and thus social integration is handicapped. However, at least partial compensation can be achieved by complex rehabilitative measures. One of the first medical therapies in children with congenital hearing loss is to equip them with hearing aids. As part of quality management the purpose of this study is to discuss pedaudiological aspects and results of hearing - impaired children equipped with hearing aids against the background of guidelines from Germany and the US. METHODS Data of 107 children equipped with hearing aids from 1997 to 1999 were analysed referring to the relevant German and US guideline. RESULTS In 53 girls and 54 boys, 45% were suffering from at least severe, 45% from moderate and 10% from mild hearing loss. 93 children presented sensory hearing loss, 8 combined and 2 conductive hearing loss. 2 children had unilateral hearing loss, one a combined on one ear and a sensory hearing loss on the other and one child had a central auditory processing disorder. The age when the hearing loss was diagnosed depended on its grade and correlated with adverse environmental aspects. 34 children suffered from a syndrome or multiple handicaps, in these cases, the hearing loss was diagnosed at a later date than in children suffering from hearing loss only. In cases with near deafness audiological results with hearing aids were not sufficient; in these cases, cochlea implantation had to be discussed as an alternative measure. CONCLUSION The data obtained from this study underline the need for universal hearing screening. Discussing the data against the relevant German and US guidelines clearly shows that German benchmarks are not as strict as the American ones. This has to be taken into account for further guideline development in Germany. As permanent hearing loss in children with syndromes and multiple handicaps and children with adverse environment is diagnosed at a later date than in other children public, measures have to be taken to improve this situation.
Collapse
|
177
|
Nahrstoffgehalte von Muskel-, Fett- und Knochengewebe des Schlachtkorpers im Wachstumsverlauf von Lammern der Rasse Merinolandschaf bei unterschiedlicher Futterungsintensitat. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2003; 87:347-58. [PMID: 14507417 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0396.2003.00444.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In a developmental study of lambs, the following question was investigated: What is the influence of gender, bodyweight, and feeding intensity on the nutritional value of the carcass as well as the body tissues? This study was conducted with 108 lambs (50% males and 50% females) of the merino breed. The animals were fattened according to three feeding intensity levels ("high","medium", and "low") using varied feed concentrates and hay in their daily rations. They were slaughtered at body weights of 30, 45 or 55 kg. Six male and six female lambs were slaughtered at a bodyweight of 18 kg which was the initial weight of the fattening lambs. The left half of the slaughtered animal was carved according to the guidelines provided by the DLG (German Agricultural Society). For each cut, an examination of the meat(muscle), fatty tissue and bone/tendons was carried out and the percentages of these tissue components were determined for the whole joint. The samples of the tissues as well as the cuts were analysed for dry matter, crude protein, total fat level and crude ash. The carcasses of the male lambs showed higher protein content and lower fat levels. With increasing feeding intensity level and bodyweight, the differences in these nutritional components between the sexes rose. The muscle tissue (meat) of the lamb carcasses at the usual slaughter weight of 45 kg showed relatively low fat content (less than 10%). This was especially noticeable in carcasses of male lambs (less than 8%).
Collapse
|
178
|
The laryngectomee substitute voice: image processing of endoscopic recordings by fusion with acoustic signals. Methods Inf Med 2003; 42:277-81. [PMID: 12874662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The most radical cancer therapy of the throat is the total excision of the larynx which post-operatively results in the loss of voice. A widely-used method of voice rehabilitation is the insertion of a silicone valve, which establishes an unidirectional connection between trachea and esophagus. Thus, during exhalation, air can be directed from the trachea into the esophagus. This air stream excites tissue vibrations of the esophagus and the hypo-pharynx which act as a substitute voice generator. Purpose of the current study is to present a technique for visualizing the dynamics of the substitute voice generating element. METHODS Digital high speed videos of the vibrating tissue are simultaneously recorded with the emitted acoustic signal. The high speed sequences are directly evaluated by a three-step knowledge based algorithm. It considers correlation between image and acoustic data, information about the gray value of each pixel, and continuity of tissue vibration. The temporal properties of an image series are investigated by evaluating the time dependent gray value at each pixel position. RESULTS The applicability of the algorithm is exemplarily demonstrated using the data of one male patient. It enables the identification of the regions within an image series which are mainly responsible for the acoustic signal. Additionally, the dynamics of tissue vibrations are visualized. The main propagation direction can be clearly identified. CONCLUSIONS The new methodology summarizes the information about endoscopic and acoustic recordings of substitute voice into a single image. The results allow a first estimation of tissue velocity and elastic properties of oscillating tissue.
Collapse
|
179
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cleft lip and palate are the most common malformation in the orofacial region. The type and dimension of the cleft determine the functional limitations of respiration, swallowing, speech, articulation and hearing. In addition, cosmetic and communicative restrictions influence the cognitive, social and educational progress and the wellbeing of the children affected. Their parents face a difficult and lasting task: They have to cope with their child's handicap and the current standardised treatment procedures which start in early infancy. To guarantee optimum therapeutic success parents must be included as co-therapists. Therefore more information about parents' concerns and coping strategies are required. METHOD To assess the strain put on parents of children with cleft lip and palate as well as the parents' coping strategies, a standardised questionnaire for the German-speaking parents was used during consultation in the out-patient clinic. RESULTS. In comparison with parents of children with other handicaps, the parents of children with cleft lip and palate feel less stressed out and adopt strategies of coping such as intensification of partnership, use of social support, as well as self-respect and fulfillment. Working mothers are less preoccupied and less at risk of being focussed on the handicapped child only. In comparison, the parents of children with Orofacial clefts focus less on the handicapped child in general than those parents whose children suffer from additional behavioural disorders. DISCUSSION Though several functional, behavioural and psychological disorders may occur in children with cleft lip and palate their parents feel comparatively little stress. They do use a variety of coping strategies and tend to adopt a rather positive approach. Certainly, additional disorders of the child lead to more parental stress and likewise requiring more attention to the child which may even accentuate existing behavioural disorders. CONCLUSION Parents of children with cleft lip and palate experience less stress in comparison with parents of children with other handicaps. Therapeutic efforts and regular check of the child's progress might support parents' coping strategies. Therapists should also ask for additional disorders such as behavioural disorders and initiate adequate support.
Collapse
|
180
|
Analysis and accurate quantification of CpG methylation by MALDI mass spectrometry. Nucleic Acids Res 2003; 31:e50. [PMID: 12711695 PMCID: PMC154238 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gng050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2003] [Revised: 03/01/2003] [Accepted: 03/01/2003] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
As the DNA sequence of the human genome is now nearly finished, the main task of genome research is to elucidate gene function and regulation. DNA methylation is of particular importance for gene regulation and is strongly implicated in the development of cancer. Even minor changes in the degree of methylation can have severe consequences. An accurate quantification of the methylation status at any given position of the genome is a powerful diagnostic indicator. Here we present the first assay for the analysis and precise quantification of methylation on CpG positions in simplex and multiplex reactions based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionisation mass spectrometry detection. Calibration curves for CpGs in two genes were established and an algorithm was developed to account for systematic fluctuations. Regression analysis gave R(2) >or= 0.99 and standard deviation around 2% for the different positions. The limit of detection was approximately 5% for the minor isomer. Calibrations showed no significant differences when carried out as simplex or multiplex analyses. All variable parameters were thoroughly investigated, several paraffin-embedded tissue biopsies were analysed and results were verified by established methods like analysis of cloned material. Mass spectrometric results were also compared to chip hybridisation.
Collapse
|
181
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last few years, paradigms for judging the results of treatment of tumor patients have shifted. In addition to characteristics such as the complete excision of the tumor and the duration of patient survival, restoring the quality of life has become an equally important aim. There is still a lack of systematic (and sufficient) research on coping strategies as a means of dealing with malignant tumors of the head and neck. PATIENTS AND METHOD In a cross-sectional study, 25 laryngectomees, whose voices had been successfully restored with a Provox voice prosthesis,were examined for their coping strategies and the effects of the illness on their lives. The standardized Trier Scales of Coping Strategies and a custom-made questionnaire, which helped to structure the anamnesis of disease specific functional restrictions and the state of rehabilitation, were used as the means of inquiry. RESULTS A high percentage of patients were content despite objective and subjective restrictions. Voice replacement was mainly experienced as unproblematic,with psychosocial restraints more commonly being felt in connection with pain and difficulties ingesting food. A correlation between the patients' evaluation of physical,psychological and social experiences and the coping strategies applied could not be verified. The way laryngectomees deal with their illness does not differ from the strategies of patients suffering from malignant or chronic diseases of other organ systems. CONCLUSION The Trier Scales of Coping Strategies is a suitable means for determining the coping strategies of laryngectomees who have been successfully rehabilitated with the help of voice prostheses. The patients examined here did not apply different coping strategies from groups of patients with other severe illnesses. Obviously, the limitations on communication do not constitute a determining factor in coping with the disease. This finding is useful when planning psychological and social rehabilitation, e.g. by psychosomatic interventions.
Collapse
|
182
|
[Influence of positioning on the quality of unilateral spinal anesthesia]. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2002; 37:659-64. [PMID: 12404142 DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-35119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Unilateral spinal anaesthesia ("hemi-spinal") is theoretically associated with the advantages of fewer cardiovascular effects and longer duration of action while offering high density motor block of the extremity affected. METHODS In a prospective, randomised study 60 patients received 2 mls of 4 % hyperbaric mepivacaine intrathecally. Group I (n = 30) was returned into the supine position after 5 minutes in the lateral position, Group II (n = 30) was kept in the lateral position for 15 minutes. Spread and subsequently offset of sensory and motor block were assessed separately for each side at predetermined time intervals pre-, intra-, and postoperatively. RESULTS Both groups were identical regarding their morphometric parameters. In Group I (5 minutes), the mean cephalad spread of sensory block of the initially dependent side was T6 after 15 mins and T4 after 25 mins. On the initially non-dependent side, the sensory block reached to T5 after 25 mins. In Group II (15 mins), the initial mean difference was equivalent to two segments (T7/T9). After 25 minutes there was no difference to the results in Group I. CONCLUSIONS Unilateral spinal anaesthesia ("hemi-spinal") is an attractive concept, supposed to be associated with the above mentioned advantages and the additional benefit of a partially maintained sensation of one limb. The results demonstrated in this study seriously question this theoretical concept. The most likely reason for the lack of inter-lateral differences in sensory block is the high concentration of hyperbaric local anaesthetic in the cerebrospinal fluid on the dependent side, which, on turning the patient to the supine position, will transit to the previously non-dependent side subsequently leading to a significant block.
Collapse
|
183
|
Mycophenolate mofetil reduces anti-HLA antibody production and cellular rejection in heart transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 2002; 34:1828-9. [PMID: 12176593 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(02)03092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
184
|
Synthesis of phospholipid-inhibitor conjugates by enzymic transphosphatidylation with phospholipase D. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00076a004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
185
|
|
186
|
|
187
|
Engineering Subtilisin for Peptide Coupling: Studies on the Effects of Counterions and Site-Specific Modifications on the Stability and Specificity of the Enzyme. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00094a005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
188
|
|
189
|
Expression and purification of homogenous proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae based on ubiquitin-FLAG fusion. Protein Expr Purif 2002; 24:497-504. [PMID: 11922767 DOI: 10.1006/prep.2001.1595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The construction of an expression vector for increased expression of cytoplasmic proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is described. To enhance the yield of expressed proteins, fusion of ubiquitin to an octapeptide (a FLAG tag) upstream of the respective model genes was applied. During protein maturation ubiquitin is efficiently removed by yeast autologous hydrolases, generating the FLAG octapeptide at the N-terminus. Fusion proteins were recognized by the specific monoclonal antibody M1 directed against the FLAG tag. The FLAG-tagged proteins were purified to homogeneity by immunoaffinity chromatography using an anti-FLAG M1 agarose. Different model proteins, green fluorescent protein, green fluorescent protein-human lysozyme, green fluorescent protein elongation-initiahon factor 5a, green fluorescent protein-rapamycin-selective 25-kDa immunophilin, and green fluorescent protein-heat shock protein 90 beta have been selected to demonstrate the efficiency of the new vector construct.
Collapse
|
190
|
Abstract
Feed grain production for on-farm use is widespread in Bavarian agriculture and garants a reliable production of healthy foodstuff. Therefore the quality of feed grain is very important for farmers. In an orientating investigation of the on-farm stored feed grain quality from the harvest years 1991 to 2000 1757 samples were analysed. Based on values for guidance by the German government for DON and ZEA and Commission Regulation EC No 472/2002 for OTA the results show that only 2% of the positive samples have amounts higher then 0,05 mg ZEA/kg grain, 4% of the positive samples contain more then 1 mg DON/kg grain and 2% of the positive samples have amounts higher then 0,003 mg OTA/kg feed grain. These illustrate the good conservation and storage quality on Bavarian farms.
Collapse
|
191
|
Microwave-assisted digestion of organoarsenic compounds for the determination of total arsenic in aqueous, biological, and sediment samples using flow injection hydride generation electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
192
|
Observation of breather resonances in Josephson ladders. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2002; 65:016606. [PMID: 11800810 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.65.016606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report experimental observation of resonances excited by nonlinear localized states (rotobreathers) in Josephson junction ladders. The rotobreathers are found to persist in a frequency range that allows for their resonant interaction with linear electromagnetic modes in the ladders. This interaction leads to nearly constant voltage steps on the current-voltage characteristics. We also present numerical simulations that agree well with experimental data and confirm the resonant interaction between breathers and linear waves. Resonances occur at the base frequency as well as higher harmonics of the linear modes. The observed substructures on the resonances are attributed to the cavity modes for the ladders. Both experimental and simulated current-voltage characteristics show good quantitative agreement with an analytically calculated dispersion relation for linear electromagnetic modes.
Collapse
|
193
|
[NPPE - a rare anaesthetic complication]. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2001; 36:759-62. [PMID: 11743673 DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-18984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
We report a rare anaesthetic complication: NPPE (negative pressure pulmonary edema). A 20-year-old otherwise healthy man developed pulmonary edema in the early postoperative phase after uneventful general anaesthesia. The release of the edema was acute obstruction of the upper airways due to postoperative drowsiness.
Collapse
|
194
|
Abstract
The cause of otosclerosis is still unknown. Recently, measles virus involvement has been implicated. The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of measles virus RNA within the otosclerotic focus and to evaluate the perilymphatic antibody pattern. Bone and perilymph specimens from 40 patients with the spontaneous form of otosclerosis and from control patients were investigated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot techniques, and cell culture. By the use of RT-PCR, measles virus RNA could be detected in 32 patients, but not in controls. Analysis of perilymph revealed the presence of antibodies to N, F1, and M measles virus proteins in all cases, and antibodies against H protein in 2 additional cases. In preosteoblasts cultured from otosclerotic bone chips, no measles virus RNA could be amplified. We conclude that the spontaneous form of otosclerosis is, in the vast majority of cases, a measles virus-associated disease of the otic capsule.
Collapse
|
195
|
Increased prevalence of autoimmune phenomena and greater risk for alloreactivity in female heart transplant recipients. Circulation 2001; 104:I177-83. [PMID: 11568052 DOI: 10.1161/hc37t1.094704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of sex on alloreactivity and graft outcome after heart transplantation was evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS A retrospective review of 520 consecutive recipients of a primary cardiac allograft between 1992 and 2000 at a single center was performed. The influence of sex on alloreactivity, acute rejection, transplant-related coronary artery disease, and survival was determined. Statistical methods included logistic regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier actuarial survival analysis. Female recipients had an increased prevalence before transplant of idiopathic cardiomyopathy, antinuclear antibodies, and HLA-B8, DR3 haplotypes. After transplant, female sex predicted shorter duration to a first rejection, higher cumulative rejection frequency, and earlier posttransplant production of anti-HLA antibodies. Female recipients had higher early mortality rates (<6 months) that were due to infection. Fatal infections correlated with 2-fold higher cyclosporine levels in female recipients. However, the incidence of transplant-related coronary artery disease developing beyond 1 year after transplant was lower in female than in male recipients. CONCLUSIONS Females undergoing cardiac transplantation are more likely to manifest features of an underlying autoimmune state. This may predispose to a higher posttransplant risk of allograft rejection and requirement for increased immunosuppression. Earlier diagnosis and management of alloreactivity in female recipients before development of acute rejection and the use of more focused and less globally immunosuppressive agents during established rejections may have a significant effect on the clinical outcome of female cardiac allograft recipients.
Collapse
|
196
|
|
197
|
Rapid exchange of large numbers of donor- and host leukocytes after human liver transplantation. Transpl Int 2001; 14:240-7. [PMID: 11512057 DOI: 10.1007/s001470100323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
After liver transplantation, the release of donor leukocytes into the host and the uptake of host leukocytes by the graft is one of the earliest immunologic interactions between donor and host. Using three-color flow cytometry, these interactions were investigated in eight patients from 5 min-24 h after receiving HLA unmatched liver grafts. Five minutes after reperfusion, 5.0 % +/- 1.4 % of all blood leukocytes in the host were of donor origin, decreasing to 1.1 % +/- 0.8 % after 24 h. Donor granulocytes preferentially disappeared from the host circulation, whereas no differences were found between NK-cells and various B- and T cell subpopulations. Furthermore, host granulocytes were preferentially retained in the donor liver. Thus, despite extensive pre-operative perfusion, more than 10(9) donor leukocytes quickly leave the liver graft while host granulocytes preferentially accumulate there. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms mediating these early interactions might help to develop new strategies for diagnosis and therapy of liver graft rejection.
Collapse
|
198
|
Abstract
A GDP-azasugar conjugate was synthesized starting from an enzymatically obtained phosphorylated azasugar. It inhibits human fucosyltransferase V at micromolar concentrations, which is discussed in terms of transition state analogy.
Collapse
|
199
|
Bildung von Ochratoxin A bei der Lagerung von Triticale nach künstlicher Infektion mitPenicillium verrucosum in Abhängigkeit unterschiedlicher Feuchtegehalte. Mycotoxin Res 2001; 17 Suppl 2:193-7. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03036434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
200
|
Conformational coupling in the chemotaxis response regulator CheY. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:6003-8. [PMID: 11353835 PMCID: PMC33503 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.101571298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2000] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CheY, a response regulator protein in bacterial chemotaxis, serves as a prototype for the analysis of response regulator function in two-component signal transduction. Phosphorylation of a conserved aspartate at the active site mediates a conformational change at a distal signaling surface that modulates interactions with the flagellar motor component FliM, the sensor kinase CheA, and the phosphatase CheZ. The objective of this study was to probe the conformational coupling between the phosphorylation site and the signaling surface of CheY in the reverse direction by quantifying phosphorylation activity in the presence and absence of peptides of CheA, CheZ, and FliM that specifically interact with CheY. Binding of these peptides dramatically impacted autophosphorylation of CheY by small molecule phosphodonors, which is indicative of reverse signal propagation in CheY. Autodephosphorylation and substrate affinity, however, were not significantly affected. Kinetic characterization of several CheY mutants suggested that conserved residues Thr-87, Tyr-106, and Lys-109, implicated in the activation mechanism, are not essential for conformational coupling. These findings provide structural and conceptual insights into the mechanism of CheY activation. Our results are consistent with a multistate thermodynamic model of response regulator activation.
Collapse
|