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Tse E, Bao S, Campbell M, Carson N, Hussaina H, Maher KS, Beyzaei N, Kemethofer M, Seidenberger M, Spruyt K, Lewis S, Ipsiroglu O, Klosch G. 0635 Vigilance Observations - Learning from Nighttime Driving Behaviours. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Campbell M, Yau C, Borowsky A, Vandenberg S, Wolf D, Rimm D, Nanda R, Liu M, Brown-Swigart L, Hirst G, Asare S, van't Veer L, Yee D, DeMichele A, Berry D, Esserman L. Abstract PD6-08: Analysis of immune infiltrates (assessed via multiplex fluorescence immunohistochemistry) and immune gene expression signatures as predictors of response to the checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab in the neoadjuvant I-SPY 2 trial. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-pd6-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Pembrolizumab (Pembro), an anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor, has been approved for the treatment of a variety of cancers including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and urothelial carcinoma. Pembro was recently evaluated in HER2- breast cancer patients in the neoadjuvant I-SPY 2 TRIAL and graduated in the triple negative (TN), HR+HER2-, and HER2- signatures. HER2- patients were randomized to receive Pembro+paclitaxel followed by doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (P+T -> AC) vs. T -> AC. We and others have shown that TN breast cancers tend to have high numbers of immune infiltrates, including T cells and tumor associated macrophages (TAMs). We evaluated expression signatures representing 14 immune cell types (TILs, T cells, CD8 T cells, exhausted T cells, Th1, Tregs, cytotoxic cells, NK, NK CD56dim, dendritic cells, mast cells, B cells, macrophages, and neutrophils) as specific predictors of response to Pembro.
Methods: Data from 248 patients (Pembro: 69; controls: 179) were available. Pre-treatment biopsies were assayed using Agilent gene expression arrays. Signature scores are calculated by averaging cell type specific genes. All I-SPY 2 qualifying biomarker analyses follow a pre-specified analysis plan. We used logistic modeling to assess biomarker performance. A biomarker is considered a specific predictor of Pembro response if it associates with response in the Pembro arm but not the control arm, and if the biomarker x treatment interaction is significant (likelihood ratio test, p<0.05). This analysis is also performed adjusting for HR status as covariates, and within receptor subsets. For successful biomarkers, we use Bayesian modeling to estimate the pCR rates of 'predicted sensitive' patients in each arm. Our statistics are descriptive rather than inferential and do not adjust for multiplicities of other biomarkers outside this study.
Results: 10 out of the 14 cell-type signatures tested are associated with response in the Pembro arm. Higher expression levels of 9 of these cell-type signatures are associated with higher pCR rates (T cells, exhausted T cells, Th1, cytotoxic cells, NK, NK CD56dim, dendritic cells, B cells, and macrophages), whereas higher mast cell signature expression is associated with non-pCR. Interestingly, many of these same signatures also associate or trend towards association with response in the control arm; and in a model adjusting for HR status, only 3 of these signatures (Th1, B cells and dendritic cells) show significant interaction with treatment. Within the whole population and the TN subtype, the dendritic cell signature is the strongest predictor of specific response to Pembro (OR/1SD: 4.04 and 4.4, LR p < 0.001 overall and in TN). Although other immune signatures (T cells, exhausted T cells, NK, and macrophages) also associate with response in the Pembro arm in the TN subtype, only the dendritic cell and Th1 signatures have a significant interaction with treatment. In contrast, in the HR+HER2- subtype, only 3 signatures (Th1, B cells, and mast cells) associate with response to Pembro; but none of these signatures have significant interaction with treatment. Of note, in both the Pembro and control arms, HR+HER2- patients with higher average mast cell marker expression have lower pCR rates (OR/1SD: 0.33 and 0.51, LRp: 0.006 and 0.04 in Pembro and control arm).
Conclusion: As expected, multiple immune cell expression signatures are predictive of response in the Pembro arm; but only dendritic cells and Th1 cells are specific to Pembro in both the population as a whole and the TN subtype. Interestingly, the presence of mast cells may impede response, especially in HR+HER2- patients. Correlation of these signatures with multiplex-IF immune markers is pending.
Citation Format: Campbell M, Yau C, Borowsky A, Vandenberg S, Wolf D, Rimm D, Nanda R, Liu M, Brown-Swigart L, Hirst G, Asare S, van't Veer L, Yee D, DeMichele A, Berry D, Esserman L. Analysis of immune infiltrates (assessed via multiplex fluorescence immunohistochemistry) and immune gene expression signatures as predictors of response to the checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab in the neoadjuvant I-SPY 2 trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD6-08.
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McCune E, Johnson B, O'Meara T, Theiner S, Campos M, Heditsian D, Brain S, Esserman L, Campbell M. Abstract P1-05-01: Breast cancer and the human microbiome. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p1-05-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The human body harbors ten times more bacterial cells than human cells – a stunning figure that suggests a likely dynamic between our bodies and the bacteria we carry, both in health and disease. In this study, we characterized and compared the gut, oral, and breast tissue microbiomes from women with invasive breast cancer, women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and healthy women. Samples were collected prior to any systemic therapy to avoid therapy-associated effects on the microbiomes studied. Kits containing materials for collecting oral and stool swab samples were distributed to patients for self-collection. DNA was isolated from these samples and bacterial 16S rRNA was PCR amplified and sequenced. Based on the sequencing results, bacterial taxa present in the samples were enumerated. In our analyses, we looked at microbial diversity and differential relative abundance of bacterial taxa across the three cohorts. Oral and gut microbial diversity at various taxa levels were assessed using Shannon and Simpson diversity indices. The oral microbiome did not show any significant difference in microbial diversity across the three cohorts. In the gut microbiome, the invasive cohort showed a significant decrease in microbial diversity when compared to the healthy cohort. Differences in phylogenetic and relative abundance of bacterial taxa across the three cohorts were measured using a T-test analysis with a p value less than 0.05 considered significant. In the oral microbiome, there were no significant differences in the relative abundance of bacteria across the three cohorts. In the gut microbiome, there were significant differences in the relative abundance of bacteria within each cohort on the phylum, family, and genus levels. The genus Fusicanterbacter (associated with the Lachnospiracaea family and Firmicutes phylum) was significantly overabundant in gut microbiomes of healthy women when compared to the gut microbiomes of women with DCIS or invasive breast cancer. Meanwhile, the genus Bacteriodes (associated with the Bacteroidaceae family and Bacteriodetes phylum) was significantly overabundant in the gut microbiomes of women with invasive breast cancer when compared to the gut microbiomes of healthy women. Although tissues are often thought of as sterile, there is emerging data indicating that different tissues may harbor their own unique microbiomes. We obtained breast tissue microbiome data from a small subset of our breast cancer and DCIS cohorts, as well as healthy breast tissue from reduction mammaplasty specimens. At the genus level, we observed an enrichment of Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, and Halomonas in healthy breast tissues compared to breast cancer tissues and an enrichment of Hyphomicrobium in breast cancer tissues compared to healthy breast tissues. Understanding how gut, oral, and tissue microbiomes relate to breast cancer may open up new opportunities for the development of novel markers for early detection (or markers of susceptibility) as well as new strategies for prevention and/or treatment.
Citation Format: McCune E, Johnson B, O'Meara T, Theiner S, Campos M, Heditsian D, Brain S, Esserman L, Campbell M. Breast cancer and the human microbiome [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-05-01.
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Kilgannon AK, Holman B, Mawson AJ, Campbell M, Collins D, Hopkins D. Effect of Controlled Temperature-Time Variation during the Chilled Storage of Beef on Tenderness Characteristics. MEAT AND MUSCLE BIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.22175/rmc2018.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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80
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Campbell M, Eagleson K, Hooke B, Macaulay C, Gavranich J, Reeves B, Newcomb D, Webb K, Justo R. At the Heart of the Matter: Developing a Statewide Approach to the Developmental Needs of Children with Congenital Heart Disease Following Early Open Heart Surgery. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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81
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Greene C, Kealy J, Humphries MM, Gong Y, Hou J, Hudson N, Cassidy LM, Martiniano R, Shashi V, Hooper SR, Grant GA, Kenna PF, Norris K, Callaghan CK, Islam MDN, O’Mara SM, Najda Z, Campbell SG, Pachter JS, Thomas J, Williams NM, Humphries P, Murphy KC, Campbell M. Dose-dependent expression of claudin-5 is a modifying factor in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:2156-2166. [PMID: 28993710 PMCID: PMC6298981 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects up to 1% of the general population. Various genes show associations with schizophrenia and a very weak nominal association with the tight junction protein, claudin-5, has previously been identified. Claudin-5 is expressed in endothelial cells forming part of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Furthermore, schizophrenia occurs in 30% of individuals with 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), a population who are haploinsufficient for the claudin-5 gene. Here, we show that a variant in the claudin-5 gene is weakly associated with schizophrenia in 22q11DS, leading to 75% less claudin-5 being expressed in endothelial cells. We also show that targeted adeno-associated virus-mediated suppression of claudin-5 in the mouse brain results in localized BBB disruption and behavioural changes. Using an inducible 'knockdown' mouse model, we further link claudin-5 suppression with psychosis through a distinct behavioural phenotype showing impairments in learning and memory, anxiety-like behaviour and sensorimotor gating. In addition, these animals develop seizures and die after 3-4 weeks of claudin-5 suppression, reinforcing the crucial role of claudin-5 in normal neurological function. Finally, we show that anti-psychotic medications dose-dependently increase claudin-5 expression in vitro and in vivo while aberrant, discontinuous expression of claudin-5 in the brains of schizophrenic patients post mortem was observed compared to age-matched controls. Together, these data suggest that BBB disruption may be a modifying factor in the development of schizophrenia and that drugs directly targeting the BBB may offer new therapeutic opportunities for treating this disorder.
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Campbell M, Macaulay C, Eagleson K, Hooke B, Williams H, Justo R, Webb K. Improving Paediatric Health Service Translation Through Consumer Co-Design. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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83
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Eagleson K, Campbell M, Stocker C, Webb K, Heussler H, McAlinden B, Alphonso N, Justo R. Congenital Heart Disease Long-Term Improvement in Functional Health Program: A Partnership and Integrated Approach to Improving the Long-Term Functional Health of Children with Congenital Heart Disease. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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84
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Tse E, Bao S, Campbell M, Carson N, Hussaina H, Maher K, Jeyaratnam J, Beyzaei N, Kemethofer M, Seidenberger M, Spruyt K, Lewis S, Ipsiroglu O, Kloesch G. Behavioural observations step 3: vigilance of night-time drivers. Sleep Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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85
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Peden C, Campbell M, Aggarwal G. Quality, safety, and outcomes in anaesthesia: what's to be done? An international perspective. Br J Anaesth 2017; 119:i5-i14. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aex346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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86
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Craig P, Campbell M, Escobar O. The impact of Participatory Budgeting: a systematic scoping review of evaluations and outcomes. Eur J Public Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx187.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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87
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Tseng C, Campbell M, Soliman H, Myrehaug S, Ruschin M, Lee Y, Atenafu E, Sahgal A. Imaging-Based Outcomes for 24 Gy in 2 Daily Fractions for Patients With De Novo Spinal Metastases Treated with Spine Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy: An Emerging Standard. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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88
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Tindana P, Campbell M, Marshall P, Littler K, Vincent R, Seeley J, de Vries J, Kamuya D. Developing the science and methods of community engagement for genomic research and biobanking in Africa. Glob Health Epidemiol Genom 2017; 2:e13. [PMID: 29276620 PMCID: PMC5732574 DOI: 10.1017/gheg.2017.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, community engagement (CE) in research has been implemented in the fields of public health, education and agricultural development. In recent years, international discussions on the ethical and practical goals of CE have been extended to human genomic research and biobanking, particularly in the African context. While there is some consensus on the goals and value of CE generally, questions remain about the effectiveness of CE practices and how to evaluate this. Under the auspices of the Human Heredity and Health in Africa Initiative (H3Africa), the H3Africa CE working group organized a workshop in Stellenbosch, South Africa in March 2016 to explore the extent to which communities should be involved in genomic research and biobanking and to examine various methods of evaluating the effectiveness of CE. In this paper, we present the key themes that emerged from the workshop and make a case for the development of a rigorous application, evaluation and learning around approaches for CE that promote a more systematic process of engaging relevant communities. We highlight the key ways in which CE should be embedded into genomic research and biobanking projects.
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Caldwell J, Campbell M. INNOVATION IN HEALTH CARE DELIVERY FOR ADULTS AGING WITH DISABILITIES. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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90
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Herrera A, Moskowitz A, Bartlett N, Vose J, Ramchandren R, Feldman T, Lacasce A, Ansell S, Moskowitz C, Fenton K, Ogden C, Taft D, Zhang Q, Kato K, Campbell M, Advani R. INTERIM RESULTS FROM a PHASE 1/2 STUDY OF BRENTUXIMAB VEDOTIN IN COMBINATION WITH NIVOLUMAB IN PATIENTS WITH RELAPSED OR REFRACTORY HODGKIN LYMPHOMA. Hematol Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.2437_73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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91
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Almeida-DoRosário A, Kawaoka J, Fulton J, Falvey M, Campbell M, Smith C, Smith D, Lee K. 205 Getting smart about skin screenings: Observations from beach screening events. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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92
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Andrea KA, Wang L, Carrier AJ, Campbell M, Buhariwalla M, Mutch M, MacQuarrie SL, Bennett C, Mkandawire M, Oakes K, Lu M, Zhang X. Adsorption of Oligo-DNA on Magnesium Aluminum-Layered Double-Hydroxide Nanoparticle Surfaces: Mechanistic Implication in Gene Delivery. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:3926-3933. [PMID: 28375634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium aluminum-layered double-hydroxide nanoparticles (LDH NPs) are promising drug-delivery vehicles for gene therapy, particularly for siRNA interference; however, the interactions between oligo-DNA and LDH surfaces have not been adequately elucidated. Through a mechanistic study, oligo-DNA initially appears to rapidly bind strongly to the LDH outer surfaces through interactions with their phosphate backbones via ligand exchange with OH- on Mg2+ centers and electrostatic forces with Al3+. These initial interactions might precede diffusion into interlayer spaces, and this knowledge can be used to design better gene therapy delivery systems.
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Adamson P, Aliaga L, Ambrose D, Anfimov N, Antoshkin A, Arrieta-Diaz E, Augsten K, Aurisano A, Backhouse C, Baird M, Bambah BA, Bays K, Behera B, Bending S, Bernstein R, Bhatnagar V, Bhuyan B, Bian J, Blackburn T, Bolshakova A, Bromberg C, Brown J, Brunetti G, Buchanan N, Butkevich A, Bychkov V, Campbell M, Catano-Mur E, Childress S, Choudhary BC, Chowdhury B, Coan TE, Coelho JAB, Colo M, Cooper J, Corwin L, Cremonesi L, Cronin-Hennessy D, Davies GS, Davies JP, Derwent PF, Desai S, Dharmapalan R, Ding P, Djurcic Z, Dukes EC, Duyang H, Edayath S, Ehrlich R, Feldman GJ, Frank MJ, Gabrielyan M, Gallagher HR, Germani S, Ghosh T, Giri A, Gomes RA, Goodman MC, Grichine V, Group R, Grover D, Guo B, Habig A, Hartnell J, Hatcher R, Hatzikoutelis A, Heller K, Himmel A, Holin A, Hylen J, Jediny F, Judah M, Kafka GK, Kalra D, Kasahara SMS, Kasetti S, Keloth R, Kolupaeva L, Kotelnikov S, Kourbanis I, Kreymer A, Kumar A, Kurbanov S, Lang K, Lee WM, Lin S, Liu J, Lokajicek M, Lozier J, Luchuk S, Maan K, Magill S, Mann WA, Marshak ML, Matera K, Matveev V, Méndez DP, Messier MD, Meyer H, Miao T, Miller WH, Mishra SR, Mohanta R, Moren A, Mualem L, Muether M, Mufson S, Murphy R, Musser J, Nelson JK, Nichol R, Niner E, Norman A, Nosek T, Oksuzian Y, Olshevskiy A, Olson T, Paley J, Pandey P, Patterson RB, Pawloski G, Pershey D, Petrova O, Petti R, Phan-Budd S, Plunkett RK, Poling R, Potukuchi B, Principato C, Psihas F, Radovic A, Rameika RA, Rebel B, Reed B, Rocco D, Rojas P, Ryabov V, Sachdev K, Sail P, Samoylov O, Sanchez MC, Schroeter R, Sepulveda-Quiroz J, Shanahan P, Sheshukov A, Singh J, Singh J, Singh P, Singh V, Smolik J, Solomey N, Song E, Sousa A, Soustruznik K, Strait M, Suter L, Talaga RL, Tamsett MC, Tas P, Thayyullathil RB, Thomas J, Tian X, Tognini SC, Tripathi J, Tsaris A, Urheim J, Vahle P, Vasel J, Vinton L, Vold A, Vrba T, Wang B, Wetstein M, Whittington D, Wojcicki SG, Wolcott J, Yadav N, Yang S, Zalesak J, Zamorano B, Zwaska R. Measurement of the Neutrino Mixing Angle θ_{23} in NOvA. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:151802. [PMID: 28452513 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.151802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This Letter reports new results on muon neutrino disappearance from NOvA, using a 14 kton detector equivalent exposure of 6.05×10^{20} protons on target from the NuMI beam at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. The measurement probes the muon-tau symmetry hypothesis that requires maximal θ_{23} mixing (θ_{23}=π/4). Assuming the normal mass hierarchy, we find Δm_{32}^{2}=(2.67±0.11)×10^{-3} eV^{2} and sin^{2}θ_{23} at the two statistically degenerate values 0.404_{-0.022}^{+0.030} and 0.624_{-0.030}^{+0.022}, both at the 68% confidence level. Our data disfavor the maximal mixing scenario with 2.6σ significance.
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Rodriguez-Cuenca S, Pellegrinelli V, Campbell M, Oresic M, Vidal-Puig A. Sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids - The "ying and yang" of lipotoxicity in metabolic diseases. Prog Lipid Res 2017; 66:14-29. [PMID: 28104532 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids in general and ceramides in particular, contribute to pathophysiological mechanisms by modifying signalling and metabolic pathways. Here, we present the available evidence for a bidirectional homeostatic crosstalk between sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids, whose dysregulation contributes to lipotoxicity induced metabolic stress. The initial evidence for this crosstalk originates from simulated models designed to investigate the biophysical properties of sphingolipids in plasma membrane representations. In this review, we reinterpret some of the original findings and conceptualise them as a sort of "ying/yang" interaction model of opposed/complementary forces, which is consistent with the current knowledge of lipid homeostasis and pathophysiology. We also propose that the dysregulation of the balance between sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids results in a lipotoxic insult relevant in the pathophysiology of common metabolic diseases, typically characterised by their increased ceramide/sphingosine pools.
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Marcos S, Werner JS, Burns SA, Merigan WH, Artal P, Atchison DA, Hampson KM, Legras R, Lundstrom L, Yoon G, Carroll J, Choi SS, Doble N, Dubis AM, Dubra A, Elsner A, Jonnal R, Miller DT, Paques M, Smithson HE, Young LK, Zhang Y, Campbell M, Hunter J, Metha A, Palczewska G, Schallek J, Sincich LC. Vision science and adaptive optics, the state of the field. Vision Res 2017; 132:3-33. [PMID: 28212982 PMCID: PMC5437977 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive optics is a relatively new field, yet it is spreading rapidly and allows new questions to be asked about how the visual system is organized. The editors of this feature issue have posed a series of question to scientists involved in using adaptive optics in vision science. The questions are focused on three main areas. In the first we investigate the use of adaptive optics for psychophysical measurements of visual system function and for improving the optics of the eye. In the second, we look at the applications and impact of adaptive optics on retinal imaging and its promise for basic and applied research. In the third, we explore how adaptive optics is being used to improve our understanding of the neurophysiology of the visual system.
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Acharya B, Alexandre J, Baines S, Benes P, Bergmann B, Bernabéu J, Branzas H, Campbell M, Caramete L, Cecchini S, de Montigny M, De Roeck A, Ellis JR, Fairbairn M, Felea D, Flores J, Frank M, Frekers D, Garcia C, Hirt AM, Janecek J, Kalliokoski M, Katre A, Kim DW, Kinoshita K, Korzenev A, Lacarrère DH, Lee SC, Leroy C, Lionti A, Mamuzic J, Margiotta A, Mauri N, Mavromatos NE, Mermod P, Mitsou VA, Orava R, Parker B, Pasqualini L, Patrizii L, Păvălaş GE, Pinfold JL, Popa V, Pozzato M, Pospisil S, Rajantie A, Ruiz de Austri R, Sahnoun Z, Sakellariadou M, Sarkar S, Semenoff G, Shaa A, Sirri G, Sliwa K, Soluk R, Spurio M, Srivastava YN, Suk M, Swain J, Tenti M, Togo V, Tuszyński JA, Vento V, Vives O, Vykydal Z, Whyntie T, Widom A, Willems G, Yoon JH, Zgura IS. Search for Magnetic Monopoles with the MoEDAL Forward Trapping Detector in 13 TeV Proton-Proton Collisions at the LHC. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:061801. [PMID: 28234515 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.061801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
MoEDAL is designed to identify new physics in the form of long-lived highly ionizing particles produced in high-energy LHC collisions. Its arrays of plastic nuclear-track detectors and aluminium trapping volumes provide two independent passive detection techniques. We present here the results of a first search for magnetic monopole production in 13 TeV proton-proton collisions using the trapping technique, extending a previous publication with 8 TeV data during LHC Run 1. A total of 222 kg of MoEDAL trapping detector samples was exposed in the forward region and analyzed by searching for induced persistent currents after passage through a superconducting magnetometer. Magnetic charges exceeding half the Dirac charge are excluded in all samples and limits are placed for the first time on the production of magnetic monopoles in 13 TeV pp collisions. The search probes mass ranges previously inaccessible to collider experiments for up to five times the Dirac charge.
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Klein O, Ngo-Nyekel F, Stefanache T, Torres R, Salomonsson M, Hallgren J, Rådinger M, Bambouskova M, Campbell M, Cohen-Mor S, Dema B, Rose CG, Abrink M, Charles N, Ainooson G, Paivandy A, Pavlova VG, Serrano-Candelas E, Yu Y, Hellman L, Jensen BM, Van Anrooij B, Grootens J, Gura HK, Stylianou M, Tobio A, Blank U, Öhrvik H, Maurer M. Identification of Biological and Pharmaceutical Mast Cell- and Basophil-Related Targets. Scand J Immunol 2017; 83:465-72. [PMID: 27028428 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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98
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Bryant BR, Campbell M, Sangster C. Acute hepatic necrosis and death in a subadult southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) associated with exposure to sterigmatocystin in forage contaminated with Aspergillus nidulans. Aust Vet J 2016; 94:433-434. [PMID: 27785798 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A young male southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum), which was resident in a zoo as part of a multi-rhinoceros group, died suddenly. Necropsy and histopathological findings supported a diagnosis of death from acute hepatic necrosis. The microscopic distribution of liver lesions was suggestive of hepatotoxicosis. Further investigation revealed potential exposure to a mycotoxin, sterigmatocystin, present in spoiled lucerne hay contaminated with Aspergillus nidulans. It was concluded that mycotoxicosis was the likely cause of the hepatic necrosis and death in this animal.
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Bouteloup V, Sabin C, Mocroft A, Gras L, Pantazis N, Le Moing V, d'Arminio Monforte A, Mary-Krause M, Roca B, Miro JM, Battegay M, Brockmeyer N, Berenguer J, Morlat P, Obel N, De Wit S, Fätkenheuer G, Zangerle R, Ghosn J, Pérez-Hoyos S, Campbell M, Prins M, Chêne G, Meyer L, Dorrucci M, Torti C, Thiébaut R. Reference curves for CD4 T-cell count response to combination antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected treatment-naïve patients. HIV Med 2016; 18:33-44. [PMID: 27625009 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to provide a reference for the CD4 T-cell count response in the early months after the initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in HIV-1-infected patients. METHODS All patients in the Collaboration of Observational HIV Epidemiological Research Europe (COHERE) cohort who were aged ≥ 18 years and started cART for the first time between 1 January 2005 and 1 January 2010 and who had at least one available measurement of CD4 count and a viral load ≤ 50 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL at 6 months (± 3 months) after cART initiation were included in the study. Unadjusted and adjusted references curves and predictions were obtained using quantile regressions. RESULTS A total of 28 992 patients were included in the study. The median CD4 T-cell count at treatment initiation was 249 [interquartile range (IQR) 150, 336] cells/μL. The median observed CD4 counts at 6, 9 and 12 months were 382 (IQR 256, 515), 402 (IQR 274, 543) and 420 (IQR 293, 565) cells/μL. The two main factors explaining the variation of CD4 count at 6 months were AIDS stage and CD4 count at cART initiation. A CD4 count increase of ≥ 100 cells/mL is generally required in order that patients stay 'on track' (i.e. with a CD4 count at the same percentile as when they started), with slightly higher gains required for those starting with CD4 counts in the higher percentiles. Individual predictions adjusted for factors influencing CD4 count were more precise. CONCLUSIONS Reference curves aid the evaluation of the immune response early after antiretroviral therapy initiation that leads to viral control.
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Taylor-Robinson D, Wickham S, Campbell M, Pearce A. OP92 Are social inequalities in early childhood smoking explained by parental smoking patterns? Findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study. Br J Soc Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2016-208064.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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