Measurement of Prompt D^{0}, Λ_{c}^{+}, and Σ_{c}^{0,++}(2455) Production in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV

The p_{T}-differential production cross sections of prompt D^{0}, Λ_{c}^{+}, and Σ_{c}^{0,++}(2455) charmed hadrons are measured at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) in pp collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV. This is the first measurement of Σ_{c}^{0,++} production in hadronic collisions. Assuming the same production yield for the three Σ_{c}^{0,+,++} isospin states, the baryon-to-meson cross section ratios Σ_{c}^{0,+,++}/D^{0} and Λ_{c}^{+}/D^{0} are calculated in the transverse momentum (p_{T}) intervals 2<p_{T}<12 and 1<p_{T}<24  GeV/c. Values significantly larger than in e^{+}e^{-} collisions are observed, indicating for the first time that baryon enhancement in hadronic collisions also extends to the Σ_{c}. The feed-down contribution to Λ_{c}^{+} production from Σ_{c}^{0,+,++} is also reported and is found to be larger than in e^{+}e^{-} collisions. The data are compared with predictions from event generators and other phenomenological models, providing a sensitive test of the different charm-hadronization mechanisms implemented in the models.

Long-term outcomes of very-low-birth-weight and low-birth-weight preterm newborns with neonatal seizures: A single-center perspective

OBJECTIVE

Newborn seizures are frequent in preterm newborns and indicate brain lesions in many cases. The objective of this observational study was to investigate the long-term outcome of very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) and low-birth-weight (LBW) preterm infants with neonatal seizures.

METHODS

We examined 54 preterm infants (40 VLBW and 14 LBW cases) born between 2008 and 2011 with clinical seizures during the neonatal period confirmed by interictal or ictal electroencephalography recordings in a retrospective single-center study. Neurodevelopmental follow-up included an expert neurological examination and cognitive testing (Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children) at a mean age of six years.

RESULTS

The (mean ± standard deviation) gestational ages of the VLBW and LBW infants were 27.2 ± 1.9 weeks and 33.4 ± 1.7 weeks, respectively, and the postnatal age at seizure onset was 13 ± 11 days in VLBW infants and 9 ± 8 days in LBW infants, with a wide range of one to 62 days. LBW infants more frequently developed non-motor seizures (50.0%) than VLBW infants did (25.0%), and higher-grade intracranial hemorrhage was the predominant etiology in the VLBW group (18.0%), while the etiology in the LBW group was more heterogeneous and included central nervous system malformations and genetic syndromes. At the mean age of 6.2 ± 2.0, years, 25/54 patients were assessed and 44.4% of the VLBW group and 71.4% of the LBW group showed intellectual impairment. Infantile cerebral palsy was present in 22% of VLBW and 42.9% of LBW infants, respectively.

SIGNIFICANCE

The present analysis of long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm neonates who experienced seizures shows that the risk for intellectual impairment is not limited only to VLBW infants but may significantly affect LBW infants as well. The etiological spectrum differs in relation to gestational age.

Histologic tumor necrosis rate as a predictor of recurrence after surgical treatment for localized clear cell renal cell carcinoma

INTRODUCTION

Coagulative tumor necrosis (TN) is a potential negative prognostic marker in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Our study assessed the significance of the TN rate in histological specimens in terms of the risk of recurrence in patients after surgical treatment for localized disease.

METHODS

Our study included 149 subjects surgically treated for ccRCC from 2011 to 2014. Mean postoperative follow-up was 538 days. Presence of TN was assessed by a physician - pathologist in histological specimens. The following findings were described: without necrosis (79 samples), TN rate below 50% (46 samples) and TN rate higher or equal to 50% of the specimen (24 samples). The Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test and Cox regression analysis were used to evaluate the disease-free survival (DFS).

RESULTS

Seventeen patients experienced recurrence - with no TN detected in 3, TN rate below 50% in 6 and TN rate above 50% in 8 patients. There was a significant difference in DSF in patients with proven TN compared to patients without TN (HR 3.83; CI95% 1.489.94%; p=0.006; in multivariate analysis: p=0.031). Evaluation according to the proportion of TN showed a significant difference in DFS in patients with the TN rate below or equal to 50% compared to patients without TN (HR 16.27; CI95% 4.0066.15; p=0.0001; in multivariate analysis: p=0.041). The difference of DSF between patients without TN and with the TN rate higher than 50%, and patients with the TN rate below 50% and higher than 50% was not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION

Our study confirmed TN as a risk factor of disease recurrence. Additionally, a higher TN rate is associated with a significantly higher risk of recurrence.

Measurement of the Cross Sections of Ξ_{c}^{0} and Ξ_{c}^{+} Baryons and of the Branching-Fraction Ratio BR(Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}e^{+}ν_{e})/BR(Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}π^{+}) in pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV

The p_{T}-differential cross sections of prompt charm-strange baryons Ξ_{c}^{0} and Ξ_{c}^{+} were measured at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) in proton-proton (pp) collisions at a center-of-mass energy sqrt[s]=13  TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The Ξ_{c}^{0} baryon was reconstructed via both the semileptonic decay (Ξ^{-}e^{+}ν_{e}) and the hadronic decay (Ξ^{-}π^{+}) channels. The Ξ_{c}^{+} baryon was reconstructed via the hadronic decay (Ξ^{-}π^{+}π^{+}) channel. The branching-fraction ratio BR(Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}e^{+}ν_{e})/BR(Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}π^{+})=1.38±0.14(stat)±0.22(syst) was measured with a total uncertainty reduced by a factor of about 3 with respect to the current world average reported by the Particle Data Group. The transverse momentum (p_{T}) dependence of the Ξ_{c}^{0}- and Ξ_{c}^{+}-baryon production relative to the D^{0} meson and to the Σ_{c}^{0,+,++}- and Λ_{c}^{+}-baryon production are reported. The baryon-to-meson ratio increases toward low p_{T} up to a value of approximately 0.3. The measurements are compared with various models that take different hadronization mechanisms into consideration. The results provide stringent constraints to these theoretical calculations and additional evidence that different processes are involved in charm hadronization in electron-positron (e^{+}e^{-}) and hadronic collisions.

Λ_{c}^{+} Production and Baryon-to-Meson Ratios in pp and p-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV at the LHC

The prompt production of the charm baryon Λ_{c}^{+} and the Λ_{c}^{+}/D^{0} production ratios were measured at midrapidity with the ALICE detector in pp and p-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV. These new measurements show a clear decrease of the Λ_{c}^{+}/D^{0} ratio with increasing transverse momentum (p_{T}) in both collision systems in the range 2<p_{T}<12  GeV/c, exhibiting similarities with the light-flavor baryon-to-meson ratios p/π and Λ/K_{S}^{0}. At low p_{T}, predictions that include additional color-reconnection mechanisms beyond the leading-color approximation, assume the existence of additional higher-mass charm-baryon states, or include hadronization via coalescence can describe the data, while predictions driven by charm-quark fragmentation processes measured in e^{+}e^{-} and e^{-}p collisions significantly underestimate the data. The results presented in this Letter provide significant evidence that the established assumption of universality (colliding-system independence) of parton-to-hadron fragmentation is not sufficient to describe charm-baryon production in hadronic collisions at LHC energies.

Experimental Evidence for an Attractive p-ϕ Interaction

This Letter presents the first experimental evidence of the attractive strong interaction between a proton and a ϕ meson. The result is obtained from two-particle correlations of combined p-ϕ⊕ p[over ¯]-ϕ pairs measured in high-multiplicity pp collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV by the ALICE Collaboration. The spin-averaged scattering length and effective range of the p-ϕ interaction are extracted from the fully corrected correlation function employing the Lednický-Lyuboshits approach. In particular, the imaginary part of the scattering length vanishes within uncertainties, indicating that inelastic processes do not play a prominent role for the p-ϕ interaction. These data demonstrate that the interaction is dominated by elastic p-ϕ scattering. Furthermore, an analysis employing phenomenological Gaussian- and Yukawa-type potentials is conducted. Under the assumption of the latter, the N-ϕ coupling constant is found to be g_{N-ϕ}=0.14±0.03(stat)±0.02(syst). This work provides valuable experimental input to accomplish a self-consistent description of the N-ϕ interaction, which is particularly relevant for the more fundamental studies on partial restoration of chiral symmetry in nuclear medium.

Salvage surgery for cervical radioiodine refractory 18F-FDG-PET positive recurrence of papillary thyroid cancer

PURPOSE

Five percent of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer are diagnosed with radioiodine refractory relapse in the course of the disease. For isolated or oligometastatic cervical recurrence, resection or another local treatment is recommended. In this study, the impact of surgical treatment of cervical radioiodine refractory 18F-FDG-PET positive relapse of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) was evaluated.

METHODS

Patients receiving radioiodine therapy between 2005 and 2015 at the University Hospital of Cologne, Germany, for PTC were screened. The subgroup of patients undergoing surgery during the course of disease after recommendation by a multidisciplinary endocrine team for cervical radioiodine refractory 18F-FDG-PET positive recurrence was identified. Demographics, clinic-pathologic characteristics, oncologic treatment, and outcome were analyzed.

RESULTS

Thirty (3%) of 969 patients with PTC treated with radioiodine therapy at our institution underwent surgery for radioiodine refractory 18F-FDG-PET positive cervical recurrence during the course of the disease. In eight (26.6%) patients, more than one operation was performed. Sixteen (53%) patients received external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) after surgery. Follow-up was on average, 79.2 ± 61.6 months after the last surgical treatment. Biochemical and radiological cure was seen in 12 (40%) patients. Remission was significantly more frequent in younger patients (P = 0.0001) with lymph node rather than soft tissue tumor recurrence (P = 0.004).

CONCLUSIONS

Surgical treatment of radioiodine refractory 18F-FDG-PET positive cervical recurrence led to biochemical and radiological cure in about 40% of patients in this study. Further data are needed concerning risk stratification of potential subgroups benefitting of surgical approach and the possible role of EBRT after repetitive surgery.

Artificial Intelligence-Based 3D Angiography for Visualization of Complex Cerebrovascular Pathologies

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

By means of artificial intelligence, 3D angiography is a novel postprocessing method for 3D imaging of cerebral vessels. Because 3D angiography does not require a mask run like the current standard 3D-DSA, it potentially offers a considerable reduction of the patient radiation dose. Our aim was an assessment of the diagnostic value of 3D angiography for visualization of cerebrovascular pathologies.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

3D-DSA data sets of cerebral aneurysms (n _CA = 10), AVMs (n _AVM = 10), and dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) (n _dAVF = 10) were reconstructed using both conventional and prototype software. Corresponding reconstructions have been analyzed by 2 neuroradiologists in a consensus reading in terms of image quality, injection vessel diameters (vessel diameter [VD] 1/2), vessel geometry index (VGI = VD1/VD2), and specific qualitative/quantitative parameters of AVMs (eg, location, nidus size, feeder, associated aneurysms, drainage, Spetzler-Martin score), dAVFs (eg, fistulous point, main feeder, diameter of the main feeder, drainage), and cerebral aneurysms (location, neck, size).

RESULTS

In total, 60 volumes have been successfully reconstructed with equivalent image quality. The specific qualitative/quantitative assessment of 3D angiography revealed nearly complete accordance with 3D-DSA in AVMs (eg, mean nidus size_{3D angiography/3D-DSA}= 19.9 [SD, 10.9]/20.2 [SD, 11.2] mm; r = 0.9, P = .001), dAVFs (eg, mean diameter of the main feeder_{3D angiography/3D-DSA}= 2.04 [SD, 0.65]/2.05 [SD, 0.63] mm; r = 0.9, P = .001), and cerebral aneurysms (eg, mean size_{3D angiography/3D-DSA}= 5.17 [SD, 3.4]/5.12 [SD, 3.3] mm; r = 0.9, P = .001). Assessment of the geometry of the injection vessel in 3D angiography data sets did not differ significantly from that of 3D-DSA (vessel geometry index_AVM: r = 0.84, P = .003; vessel geometry index_dAVF: r = 0.82, P = .003; vessel geometry index_CA: r = 0.84, P <.001).

CONCLUSIONS

In this study, the artificial intelligence-based 3D angiography was a reliable method for visualization of complex cerebrovascular pathologies and showed results comparable with those of 3D-DSA. Thus, 3D angiography is a promising postprocessing method that provides a significant reduction of the patient radiation dose.

Forced to join the Waffen-SS? Chief pharmacist Victor Capesius (1907-1985) and his role in Auschwitz concentration camp

Victor Capesius (1907-1985) attained sad fame as chief pharmacist in the Auschwitz concentration camp. After the war he outlined himself as a victim of his time and claimed to have been forced into the Waffen-SS as a so-called Romanian "Volksdeutscher" (ethnic German). But does this claim stand up to critical scrutiny? What was his actual role in Auschwitz, how did his life develop in the postwar period, how did he himself evaluate his actions in the Third Reich, and to what extent do self-image and historical facts coincide? These are precisely the questions that this article explores. The study is based on primary sources from various archives. These are supplemented and compared with the existing literature on Capesius, the role of pharmacists in the Third Reich, and the Auschwitz concentration camp.<br/> The analysis shows that Capesius was not only complicit in the criminal acts in the concentration camp, but directly involved in the systematic killing of thousands of Jewish people - among other things, by dispensing Zyklon B and phenol and by the lethal selection of people at the ramp. The alleged compulsion to join the Waffen-SS, on the other hand, cannot be substantiated. After 1945, Capesius was imprisoned twice by the Allies, but only charged in the first Auschwitz trial in the 1960s. Despite a guilty verdict, he was released from prison as early as 1968. At the end of his life, Capesius could look back on a successful career as a pharmacist and businessman in Germany. At no time did he come to a self-critical evaluation of his role in the Third Reich.

Multiharmonic Correlations of Different Flow Amplitudes in Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=2.76 TeV

The event-by-event correlations between three flow amplitudes are measured for the first time in Pb-Pb collisions, using higher-order symmetric cumulants. We find that different three-harmonic correlations develop during the collective evolution of the medium when compared to correlations that exist in the initial state. These new results cannot be interpreted in terms of previous lower-order flow measurements since contributions from two-harmonic correlations are explicitly removed in the new observables. A comparison to Monte Carlo simulations provides new and independent constraints for the initial conditions and system properties of nuclear matter created in heavy-ion collisions.

Soft-Dielectron Excess in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV

A measurement of dielectron production in proton-proton (pp) collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV, recorded with the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC, is presented in this Letter. The data set was recorded with a reduced magnetic solenoid field. This enables the investigation of a kinematic domain at low dielectron (ee) invariant mass m_{ee} and pair transverse momentum p_{T,ee} that was previously inaccessible at the LHC. The cross section for dielectron production is studied as a function of m_{ee}, p_{T,ee}, and event multiplicity dN_{ch}/dη. The expected dielectron rate from hadron decays, called hadronic cocktail, utilizes a parametrization of the measured η/π^{0} ratio in pp and proton-nucleus collisions, assuming that this ratio shows no strong dependence on collision energy at low transverse momentum. Comparison of the measured dielectron yield to the hadronic cocktail at 0.15<m_{ee}<0.6  GeV/c^{2} and for p_{T,ee}<0.4  GeV/c indicates an enhancement of soft dielectrons, reminiscent of the "anomalous" soft-photon and soft-dilepton excess in hadron-hadron collisions reported by several experiments under different experimental conditions. The enhancement factor over the hadronic cocktail amounts to 1.61±0.13(stat)±0.17(syst,data)±0.34(syst,cocktail) in the ALICE acceptance. Acceptance-corrected excess spectra in m_{ee} and p_{T,ee} are extracted and compared with calculations of dielectron production from hadronic bremsstrahlung and thermal radiation within a hadronic many-body approach.

[Medical students as helpers in the pandemic : Innovative concept for recruitment, training and assignment planning of medical students as medical personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic]

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic posed enormous challenges to the German healthcare system and highlighted the need for strategies to recruit, train, and deploy medical personnel. Until now, no holistic concept existed to use medical students as support for professionals in intensive care units (ICU) to avoid staff shortages in medical care.

METHOD

In a large-scale pilot project 265 medical students were trained for an ICU assignment. The innovative training module was accompanied by a pre-post questionnaire for self-assessment of the skills learned. 22 weeks after the training module and still during the pandemic deployment, another questionnaire was used to evaluate experiences in deployment and the efficiency of the training module with respect to preparation for ICU deployment.

RESULTS

The analysis revealed significant mean differences for all COVID-19-specific variables (safety dimension) in favor of the training module (n = 168). The deployment evaluation showed that the training concept was inconsistently assessed as preparation for the work deployment for 69 of the 89 deployed students in total (53% agreement/47% disagreement).

CONCLUSION

The results show a good feasibility of an innovative training concept for medical students with respect to a pandemic deployment as assistants in intensive care units. The concept is suitable for providing additional helpers in intensive care units during a pandemic; however, the inconsistent evaluation indicates that the concept can be expanded and needs to be adapted.

Impact of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support on piperacillin exposure in septic patients: a case-control study

OBJECTIVES

To describe the impact of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) devices on piperacillin exposure in ICU patients.

METHODS

This observational, prospective, multicentre, case-control study was performed in the ICUs of two tertiary care hospitals in France. ECMO patients with sepsis treated with piperacillin/tazobactam were enrolled. Control patients were matched according to SOFA score and creatinine clearance. The pharmacokinetics of piperacillin were described based on a population pharmacokinetic model, calculating the proportion of time the piperacillin plasma concentration was above 64 mg/L (i.e. 4× MIC breakpoint for Pseudomonas aeruginosa).

RESULTS

Forty-two patients were included. Median (IQR) age was 60 years (49-66), SOFA score was 11 (9-14) and creatinine clearance was 47 mL/min (5-95). There was no significant difference in the proportion of time piperacillin concentrations were ≥64 mg/L in patients treated with ECMO and controls during the first administration (P = 0.184) or at steady state (P = 0.309). Following the first administration, 36/42 (86%) patients had trough piperacillin concentrations <64 mg/L. Trough concentrations at steady state were similar in patients with ECMO and controls (P = 0.535). Creatinine clearance ≥40 mL/min was independently associated with piperacillin trough concentration <64 mg/L at steady state [OR = 4.3 (95% CI 1.1-17.7), P = 0.043], while ECMO support was not [OR = 0.5 (95% CI 0.1-2.1), P = 0.378].

CONCLUSIONS

ECMO support has no impact on piperacillin exposure. ICU patients with sepsis are frequently underexposed to piperacillin, which suggests that therapeutic drug monitoring should be strongly recommended for severe infections.

Treatment planning facilitates clinical decision making for hyperthermia treatments

Background: Treatment quality is important in clinical hyperthermia. Guideline-based treatment protocols are used to determine system settings and treatment strategies to ensure effective tumor heating and prevent unwanted treatment-limiting normal tissue hot spots. Realizing both these goals can prove challenging using generic guideline-based and operator-dependent treatment strategies. Hyperthermia treatment planning (HTP) can be very useful to support treatment strategies. Although HTP is increasingly integrated into the standard clinical workflow, active clinical application is still limited to a small number of hyperthermia centers and should be further stimulated.Purpose: This paper aims to serve as a practical guide, demonstrating how HTP can be applied in clinical decision making for both superficial and locoregional hyperthermia treatments.HTP in clinical decision making: Seven problems that occur in daily clinical practice are described and we show how HTP can enhance insight to formulate an adequate treatment strategy. Examples use representative commercially available hyperthermia devices and cover all stages during the clinical workflow. Problems include selecting adequate phase settings, heating ability analysis, hot spot suppression, applicator selection, evaluation of target coverage and heating depth, and predicting possible thermal toxicity in case of an implant. Since we aim to promote a general use of HTP in daily practice, basic simulation strategies are used in these problems, avoiding a need for the application of dedicated advanced optimization routines that are not generally available.Conclusion: Even fairly basic HTP can facilitate clinical decision making, providing a meaningful and clinically relevant contribution to maintaining and improving treatment quality.

Roton Excitations in an Oblate Dipolar Quantum Gas

We observe signatures of radial and angular roton excitations around a droplet crystallization transition in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates. In situ measurements are used to characterize the density fluctuations near this transition. The static structure factor is extracted and used to identify the radial and angular roton excitations by their characteristic symmetries. These fluctuations peak as a function of the interaction strength indicating the crystallization transition of the system. We compare our observations to a theoretically calculated excitation spectrum allowing us to connect the crystallization mechanism with the softening of the angular roton modes.

[Refractory pulmonary edema under ECMO: Is there a place for Rashkind atrioseptotomy?]

Hydrostatic pulmonary edema is a well-known complication of veinoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) caused by increased left ventricle afterload due to reverse blood flow in the aorta. Several techniques are commonly used for left ventricle venting such as intra-aortic balloon pump, Impella® (Abiomed, Danvers, MA), central surgical cannulation or Rahskind atrial septostomy. We reported two cases of hydrostatic pulmonary edema in patients under VA-ECMO for whom it was decided to perform Rashkind technique. The first is a late anterior myocardial infarction complicated with cardiac arrest and cardiogenic shock. Refractory hypoxemia due to hydrostatic pulmonary edema conducted us to perform atrial septostomy. The second case is a refractory cardiogenic shock due to left main stent thrombosis myocardial infarction. Procedural transesophageal echocardiography revealed a large left atrial thrombus extended to pulmonary veins preventing the procedure. These two cases illustrate the importance and gravity of pulmonary edema induced by VA-ECMO. The first shows that this technique is feasible, allows great left ventricle unloading and improves hypoxemia. The second underlines the interest of performing transesophageal echocardiography to look for pulmonary veins thrombosis that can take part in the elevation of hydrostatic pressure and forbid Rashkind manoeuver.

008 ARC Genotype Modulates Slow Wave Sleep Following Total Sleep Deprivation

Introduction

The activity-regulated cytoskeleton associated protein (ARC) gene is an immediate early gene that is involved in synaptic plasticity. Recent evidence from a rodent model suggests that Arc may also be involved in sleep homeostasis. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating the sleep homeostat. In humans, sleep homeostasis is manifested by a marked increase in slow wave sleep (SWS) following acute total sleep deprivation (TSD). There are large, trait individual differences in the magnitude of this SWS rebound effect. We sought to determine whether a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the ARC gene is associated with individual differences in SWS rebound following TSD.

Methods

64 healthy normal sleepers (ages 27.2 ± 4.8y; 32 females) participated in one of two in-laboratory TSD studies. In each study, subjects had a baseline day with 10h sleep opportunity (TIB 22:00–08:00) which was followed by 38h TSD. The studies concluded with 10h recovery sleep opportunity (TIB 22:00–08:00). Baseline and recovery sleep were recorded polysomnographically and scored visually by a trained technician. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood. The ARC c.*742 + 58C&gt;T non-coding SNP, rs35900184, was assayed using real-time PCR. Heterozygotes and T/T homozygotes were combined for analysis. The genotype effect on time in SWS was assessed using mixed-effects ANOVA with fixed effects for ARC genotype (C/C vs. T carriers), night (baseline vs. recovery), and their interaction, controlling for study.

Results

The genotype distribution in this sample – C/C: 41; C/T: 17; T/T: 6 – did not vary significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. There was a significant interaction between ARC genotype and night (F1,62=7.27, p=0.009). Following TSD, T allele carriers exhibited 47.6min more SWS compared to baseline, whereas C/C homozygotes exhibited 62.3min more SWS compared to baseline. There was no significant difference in SWS between genotypes at baseline (F1,61=0.69, p=0.41).

Conclusion

ARC T allele carriers exhibited an attenuated SWS rebound following TSD compared to those homozygous for the C allele. This suggests that the ARC SNP is associated with trait individual differences related to sleep homeostasis, and may thus influence molecular mechanisms involved in long-term memory.

Support (if any)

ONR N00014-13-1-0302, NIH R21CA167691, and USAMRDC W81XWH-18-1-0100.