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Martin C, Roberts D, van Der Weide M, Rossau R, Jannes G, Smith T, Maher M. Development of a PCR-based line probe assay for identification of fungal pathogens. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:3735-42. [PMID: 11015393 PMCID: PMC87466 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.38.10.3735-3742.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a reverse-hybridization line probe assay (LiPA) which when combined with PCR amplification detects and identifies clinically significant fungal pathogens including Candida, Aspergillus, and Cryptococcus species. DNA probes have been designed from the internal transcribed-spacer (ITS) regions of Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, Candida dubliniensis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus versicolor, Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus flavus. The probes were incorporated into a LiPA for detection of biotinylated ITS PCR products, and the specificity of the probes was evaluated. We established LiPA detection limits for ITS 1 and for full ITS amplicons for genomic DNA from C. albicans, A. fumigatus, and C. neoformans. Further evaluation of the LiPA was carried out on clinical fungal isolates. One hundred twenty-seven isolates consisting of dimorphic yeasts and dermatophytic and filamentous fungi were tested by the LiPA, which correctly identified 77 dimorphic yeasts and 23 of the filamentous isolates; the remaining 27 isolates represented species of fungi for which probes were not included in the LiPA. The fungal-PCR-LiPA technology was applied to blood samples inoculated with Candida cells which were pretreated by minibead beating to mechanically disrupt the cells, with the DNA extracted by either a previously described guanidium thiocyanate-silica method or the commercially available QIAmp tissue kit. PCR amplification of the extracted DNA and subsequent DNA probe hybridization in the LiPA assay yielded detection limits of 2 to 10 cells/ml. An internal standard control was included in the PCR amplification to monitor for PCR inhibition. This fungal PCR-LiPA assay is robust and sensitive and can easily be integrated into a clinical-testing laboratory with the potential for same-day diagnosis of fungal infection.
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77
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Marti A, Almostarchid B, Maher M, Saidi A. Desmoplastic non-infantile ganglioglioma. Case report. J Neurosurg Sci 2000; 44:150-4. [PMID: 11126451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Desmoplastic gangliogliomas are rare mixed glial and neuronal cerebral tumors, especially described in infants below 4 years of age but exceptional cases have been reported in young adults. These tumors are generally localised in parietal or temporal lobes, present as a large cystic lesion with peripheral contrast enhancement. They also have characteristic histological features: extensive desmoplasia and tumoral cells of variable size exhibiting immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of glial and neuronal differentiation. Total surgical removal is sufficient for the treatment of these tumors and no radiotherapy or chemotherapy are indicated if complete resection is achieved. We report a case of desmoplastic ganglioglioma in a 19-year-old male. This tumor presented as a large parieto- temporal cystic lesion with rimmed contrast enhancement. At histological examination, this tumor exhibited extensive desmoplasia and comprised 2 types of tumoral cells: small cells with round nuclei, positive for NSE, neurofilaments and synaptophysin and sometimes presenting typical morphological features of neuronal differentiation, and large cells with abundant eosinophilic strongly staining for GFAP. This observation emphazises on the fact that desmoplastic ganglioglioma can no more be considered as a specific entity of infancy and must be well recognised even in young adults because it may be misdiagnosed as malignant glioma.
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Ryan KA, Moran AP, Hynes SO, Smith T, Hyde D, O'Morain CA, Maher M. Genotyping of cagA and vacA, Lewis antigen status, and analysis of the poly-(C) tract in the alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase gene of Irish Helicobacter pylori isolates. FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2000; 28:113-20. [PMID: 10799800 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2000.tb01464.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Much work has focused on trying to identify markers in Helicobacter pylori that might allow the eventual disease outcome of an infection to be predicted. In this study we examined the cagA and vacA genotype, and Lewis status in a panel of 43 Irish H. pylori clinical isolates, and investigated a possible correlation with disease pathology. In addition, differences in the poly-(C) tract of the alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase gene were examined to identify a possible correlation with gene expression. Only three of 43 isolates were cagA-negative, whereas the remaining 40 isolates, independent of pathology, were cagA-positive. In all the strains we examined, the vacA signal-sequence was type s1a. For the vacA mid-region 12/43 isolates were type m1 and 31/43 isolates were type m2. These data, and examination of isolates from different pathology groups, suggests that there is no correlation between virulence and vacA genotype in the Irish population of H. pylori isolates. Western blotting of whole cell lysates from 32 H. pylori isolates showed 3/32 displayed only the Le(x) epitope, 12/32 only the Le(y), 13/32 both epitopes and 4/32 neither epitope. No apparent association between Lewis phenotype and disease pathology was evident. A range of lengths of poly-(C) tract were observed in the alpha(1, 3)-fucosyltransferase gene, however the length of the tract in an isolate did not correlate with the Lewis structures present. We conclude that future studies on H. pylori pathogenesis should not alone focus on the importance of molecular markers, but also on the host response, including genetic background and immune responsiveness.
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Forman MR, Zhang J, Gunter E, Yao SX, Gross M, Qiao YL, Graubard BI, Taylor PR, Keith S, Maher M. Season-specific correlation between dietary intake of fruits and vegetables and levels of serum biomarkers among Chinese tin miners at high risk for lung cancer. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2000; 889:230-9. [PMID: 10668498 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08739.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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80
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O'Connor L, Joy J, Kane M, Smith T, Maher M. Rapid polymerase chain reaction/DNA probe membrane-based assay for the detection of Listeria and Listeria monocytogenes in food. J Food Prot 2000; 63:337-42. [PMID: 10716562 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-63.3.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We describe the development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/DNA probe membrane-based colorimetric assays for the detection and identification of Listeria and L. monocytogenes. PCR primers designed from the 16S to 23S rRNA intergenic spacer region amplified products that were reverse hybridized to membrane-bound oligonucleotide probes specific for Listeria and L. monocytogenes with a detection limit of 1 to 10 CFU/25 ml in inoculated raw and pasteurized milk samples. These qualitative assays have the potential to be integrated into testing laboratories for monitoring the microbiological quality of foods.
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Feeley KM, Fullard JF, Heneghan MA, Smith T, Maher M, Murphy RP, O'Gorman TA. Microsatellite instability in sporadic colorectal carcinoma is not an indicator of prognosis. J Pathol 2000. [PMID: 10398134 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9896(199905)188:1<14::aid-path323>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fifty sporadic colorectal carcinomas diagnosed in 1991 were analysed for microsatellite instability at four loci. Five of 50 (10 per cent) tumours showed replication errors (RERs) at two or more loci and were classed as RER-positive (RER+). A further five showed RERs at one locus only. A significant association (Fisher exact test) was found between RER+ tumours and location in the proximal colon, exophytic shape, size >5 cm, histological margin, lymphoid reaction, and near-diploid DNA content. There was no significant difference for age, sex, grade, mucin production, p53 protein overexpression or Duke's stage. There was no significant difference in survival as measured over a 60-month follow-up period. The findings, though limited by the small case numbers involved, show an association between RER positivity in sporadic colorectal tumours and certain clinico-pathological features. They do not suggest a better clinical outcome for sporadic RER+ tumours.
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82
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O'Sullivan NA, Fallon R, Carroll C, Smith T, Maher M. Detection and differentiation of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in broiler chicken samples using a PCR/DNA probe membrane based colorimetric detection assay. Mol Cell Probes 2000; 14:7-16. [PMID: 10725058 DOI: 10.1006/mcpr.1999.0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter enteritis in humans has been linked to consumption of poultry meat. Surveys show that 30-100% of poultry harbour Campylobacter as normal flora of the digestive tract which indicates a need to identify prevalent organism types in flocks and trace their epidemiology. In this study we describe a Campylobacter genus specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, amplifying the 16 S-23 S rRNA intergenic spacer region with an internal Campylobacter genus specific DNA probe and species specific probes for Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli designed for confirmation of the amplified PCR products by Southern blot and colorimetric reverse hybridization assays. The specificity of this assay was established by testing a range of food pathogens. Broiler chicken samples were tested following presumptive positive identification by the Malthus System V analyser (Malthus Instruments, UK). The combined PCR and colorimetric reverse hybridization assay is easy to perform and faster than conventional methods for confirmation and identification of Campylobacter species.
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83
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Qureshi H, Maher M. Endoscopic placement of esophageal prostheses for inoperable carcinoma of esophagus. J PAK MED ASSOC 1999; 49:308-9. [PMID: 10695284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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84
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Margolis K, Maher M, Sidhu M. Complete hydatidiform mole with coexisting normal fetus-report of two cases. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1999; 39:511-3. [PMID: 10687779 DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-828x.1999.tb03148.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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85
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Forman MR, Zhang J, Nebeling L, Yao SX, Slesinski MJ, Qiao YL, Ross S, Keith S, Maher M, Giffin C, Barrett M, Taylor PR, Graubard BI. Relative validity of a food frequency questionnaire among tin miners in China: 1992/93 and 1995/96 diet validation studies. Public Health Nutr 1999; 2:301-15. [PMID: 10512565 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980099000403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diet validation research was conducted to compare the respondents' reporting of dietary intake in a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with intake reported in food recalls. Because the population received annual salary increments that could modify food intake, diet validation studies (DVSs) were conducted during two time intervals. DESIGN A 99-item FFQ was administered by an interviewer twice in a 1-year interval, and responses to each FFQ item were compared with 28 days of interviewer-administered food recalls that were collected in four 1-week intervals during each season of 1992/93. The second validation study in 1995/96 had a similar design to the earlier one. SETTING A prospective cohort study of lung cancer among tin miners in China was initiated in 1992, with dietary and other risk factors updated annually. SUBJECTS Among a cohort of high risk tin miners for lung cancer, two different samples (n = 141 in 1992/93, and n = 113 in 1995/96) for each diet validation study were randomly selected from four mine units, that were representative of all worker units. RESULTS Miners reported a significantly higher average frequency of intake of foods in the food recalls than the FFQ, with few exceptions. Deattenuated Pearson correlation coefficients of the frequency of food intake between the FFQ and food recalls were in the range of -0.40 to 0.72 in both studies, with higher positive correlations for beverages and cereal staples than for animal protein sources, vegetables, fruits and legumes. The percentage of individuals with exact agreement in the extreme quartiles of intake in the food recalls and FFQ ranged from 0 to 100% in both studies. CONCLUSIONS Among Chinese miners, the range in correlations between the food recalls and the FFQ were due to: (i) market availability of foods during the food recall weeks compared to their annual reported intake in the FFQ; (ii) cultural perception of time; and (iii) differences in how the intake of mixed dishes and their multi-ingredient foods were reported in the recalls vs. the FFQ. The range in the percentage of agreement in the same quartiles and the changes in food intake over time may have implications for the analysis of the diet-disease relationship in this cohort.
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86
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Feeley KM, Fullard JF, Heneghan MA, Smith T, Maher M, Murphy RP, O'Gorman TA. Microsatellite instability in sporadic colorectal carcinoma is not an indicator of prognosis. J Pathol 1999; 188:14-7. [PMID: 10398134 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9896(199905)188:1<14::aid-path323>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Fifty sporadic colorectal carcinomas diagnosed in 1991 were analysed for microsatellite instability at four loci. Five of 50 (10 per cent) tumours showed replication errors (RERs) at two or more loci and were classed as RER-positive (RER+). A further five showed RERs at one locus only. A significant association (Fisher exact test) was found between RER+ tumours and location in the proximal colon, exophytic shape, size >5 cm, histological margin, lymphoid reaction, and near-diploid DNA content. There was no significant difference for age, sex, grade, mucin production, p53 protein overexpression or Duke's stage. There was no significant difference in survival as measured over a 60-month follow-up period. The findings, though limited by the small case numbers involved, show an association between RER positivity in sporadic colorectal tumours and certain clinico-pathological features. They do not suggest a better clinical outcome for sporadic RER+ tumours.
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87
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Taremi SS, Beyer B, Maher M, Yao N, Prosise W, Weber PC, Malcolm BA. Construction, expression, and characterization of a novel fully activated recombinant single-chain hepatitis C virus protease. Protein Sci 1998; 7:2143-9. [PMID: 9792101 PMCID: PMC2143829 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5560071011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Efficient proteolytic processing of essential junctions of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) polyprotein requires a heterodimeric complex of the NS3 bifunctional protease/helicase and the NS4A accessory protein. A single-chain recombinant form of the protease has been constructed in which NS4A residues 21-32 (GSVVIVGRIILS) were fused in frame to the amino terminus of the NS3 protease domain (residues 3-181) through a tetrapeptide linker. The single-chain recombinant protease has been overexpressed as a soluble protein in E. coli and purified to homogeneity by a combination of metal chelate and size-exclusion chromatography. The single-chain recombinant protease domain shows full proteolytic activity cleaving the NS5A-5B synthetic peptide substrate, DTEDVVCCSMSYTWTGK with a Km and k(cat) of 20.0 +/- 2.0 microM and 9.6 +/- 2.0 min(-1), respectively; parameters identical to those of the authentic NS3(1-631)/NS4A(1-54) protein complex generated in eukaryotic cells (Sali DL et al., 1998, Biochemistry 37:3392-3401).
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88
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Mountain L, Maher M, Fawaz B. The influence of trend on estimates of accidents at junctions. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 1998; 30:641-649. [PMID: 9678217 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-4575(98)00009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
While reliable estimates of expected accidents can be achieved by combining observed accidents and accident model predictions using an empirical Bayes approach, there are a number of obstacles to the widespread adoption of the method. This paper concentrates on problems associated with the available predictive models. Of particular concern is the effect on model predictions of accident trends over time resulting from, for instance, traffic growth or national road safety programmes. Since accident models invariably include traffic flow as an explanatory variable, the effects of flow changes can be included provided that account is taken of the nonlinear relationship between accidents and exposure. It is, however, common to assume that accident risk per unit of exposure is constant over time, whereas national data imply that accident risk is declining. In addition, there is a need, in practice, to rank and evaluate remedial sites in terms of the specific accident types or severities which might be targeted by treatment (for example, wet road accidents in the case of surface treatment). This then raises the question of whether the proportions of accidents of various types varies over time or with traffic flow and site characteristics. Generalized linear modelling was used to develop regression estimates of expected junction accidents (both in total and disaggregated by severity, road surface condition and lighting condition) which allow for the possibility of accident risk varying over time. Accident risk at the sample of some 500 junctions was shown to be declining annually by an average of 6%, with no significant difference in the value of trend between accident types. The factors which affected the proportions of accidents of various types included the method of junction control, speed limit and traffic flow.
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89
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Maher M, Gorey TF. Oesophageal carcinoma: difficulties in interpreting the role of combined modality therapy. Ir J Med Sci 1998; 167:130-1. [PMID: 9780557 DOI: 10.1007/bf02937921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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90
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O'Connor L, Joy J, Smith T, Maher M, Kane M. Rapid membrane capture PCR-based method for detection of Listeria species. Biochem Soc Trans 1998; 26:S77. [PMID: 10909835 DOI: 10.1042/bst026s077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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91
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Kim AL, Maher M, Hayman JB, Ozer J, Zerby D, Yates JL, Lieberman PM. An imperfect correlation between DNA replication activity of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) and binding to the nuclear import receptor, Rch1/importin alpha. Virology 1997; 239:340-51. [PMID: 9434725 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1997.8874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) replicates as a stable multicopy episome in latently infected mammalian cells. Latent cycle DNA replication requires only two viral elements, the cis-acting origin of plasmid replication (oriP) and the trans-acting origin binding protein (EBNA1). EBNA1 binds multiple recognition sites in oriP, but has not other enzymatic activities associated with replication functions. To identify human cellular proteins that mediate EBNA1 function, we designed a one-hybrid assay in yeast to select for proteins that bind to EBNA1 when bound to criP in vivo. A human cDNA encoding the Rch1/hSRP1 alpha/ importin alpha protein was isolated and shown to bind to full-length EBNA1, but not to an amino terminal deletion mutant of EBNA1 when bound to oriP in yeast. The interaction of EBNA1 with Rch1 was confirmed biochemically by coimmunoprecipitation from nuclear extracts and by direct binding of recombinant proteins in vitro. Internal deletion mutations in EBNA1 which compromised DNA replication activity were similarly reduced for binding to Rch1. Mutations with no effect on DNA replication activity were similarly unaffected for Rch1 binding. Rch1/importin alpha has been shown to bind to the nuclear localization sequence (NLS) of several proteins and stimulate nuclear import. A substitution mutation in the EBNA1 nuclear localization sequence reduced Rch1 binding, but had no effect on DNA replication function, indicating that Rch1 binding affinity does not correspond precisely with replication activity. Nevertheless, the identification of a stable interaction between Rch1 and EBNA1 at the origin of viral DNA replication raises the intriguing possibility that Rch1 contributes to the nuclear functions of EBNA1.
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92
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Grundmann HJ, Towner KJ, Dijkshoorn L, Gerner-Smidt P, Maher M, Seifert H, Vaneechoutte M. Multicenter study using standardized protocols and reagents for evaluation of reproducibility of PCR-based fingerprinting of Acinetobacter spp. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35:3071-7. [PMID: 9399496 PMCID: PMC230124 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.35.12.3071-3077.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Seven laboratories in six European countries examined 40 isolates belonging to the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex to investigate whether standardized protocols and quality-controlled reagents could produce reliable, discriminatory, and reproducible PCR-based fingerprinting results. Four PCR protocols with different primers (primers DAF4, ERIC-2, M13, and REP1 + REP2) were used. The epidemiological conclusions reached by the participating laboratories were substantially correct, with 96.4% of the total isolate grouping allocations agreeing with the consensus view. All laboratories identified the main epidemiological clusters, and each laboratory also identified two non-outbreak-related isolates. There were no significant differences between the isolate grouping results obtained by the different protocols and with the different primers. Visual comparison indicated that the standardized protocols and reagents yielded reproducible fingerprint patterns, but with some variations in particular band intensities. Minor variations in fingerprint profiles were detected, but computer-assisted analysis of PCR fingerprints obtained on agarose gels demonstrated that 88.3 to 91.6% (depending on the source of DNA) of the patterns clustered correctly, while 96.4 to 98.9% of the patterns clustered correctly following automated high-resolution laser fluorescence analysis. Correlation of the patterns for isogenic isolates ranged from 83.3 to 86.6% but was slightly better (mean correlation, 87.1%) for centrally prepared DNA extracts than for DNA extracts prepared by individual laboratories (mean correlation, 84.7%). It was concluded that independently produced PCR fingerprint patterns can be obtained reproducibly for Acinetobacter spp. at the practical level if (i) quality-controlled reagents, (ii) standardized extraction of DNA, and (iii) standardized amplification conditions are used.
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93
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Byrne A, Moran N, Maher M, Walsh N, Crean P, Fitzgerald DJ. Continued thromboxane A2 formation despite administration of a platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist in patients undergoing coronary angioplasty. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997; 17:3224-9. [PMID: 9409315 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.17.11.3224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Experimental data suggest that formation of thromboxane A2 may be suppressed during administration of a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist. We determined the dose of one such compound, fradafiban, required to provide > 80% occupancy of the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa and examined its effects on thromboxane A2 formation in patients undergoing PTCA. The dose response to fradafiban and additional effects of aspirin were explored initially in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Fradafiban induced a dose-dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation that correlated with fibrinogen receptor occupancy and plasma drug concentration. Addition of aspirin 300 mg had no effect on these parameters. At the highest dose, mean fibrinogen receptor occupancy was 89.7 +/- 1.2% (n = 3) at 4 hours and platelet aggregation had decreased by 93.4 +/- 2.7%. Eighteen patients undergoing coronary angioplasty were randomized to receive either aspirin 330 mg or that dose of fradafiban producing > 80% fibrinogen receptor occupancy. Platelet aggregation was suppressed throughout the infusion of fradafiban to a greater extent than with aspirin. However, there was a marked increase in urinary excretion of 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 in patients treated with fradafiban: from 1973 +/- 889 to a peak of 9760 +/- 3509 pg/mg creatinine (P = .0046). Despite this evidence of continued platelet activation in vivo, there were no cases of coronary thrombosis. In conclusion, fradafiban suppresses platelet aggregation and may be a useful alternative to aspirin in the prevention of thrombotic events in patients undergoing PTCA. However, there is continued formation of thromboxane A2, which may continue to exert its effects as a potent vasoconstrictor and vascular smooth muscle mitogen.
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94
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Campana F, Giraud P, Gaboriaud G, Vilcoq JR, Maher M, Melo E, Danhier S, Saint-Gaudens AB, de La Rochefordière A, Pontveit D, Fourquet A. P33 Hyperthermie interstitielle et curiethérapie dans le traitement conservateur du cancer du sein. Cancer Radiother 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1278-3218(97)89621-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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95
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Glennon M, Jäger B, Dowdall D, Maher M, Dawson M, Quigley F, Costello E, Smith T. PCR-based fingerprinting of Mycobacterium bovis isolates. Vet Microbiol 1997; 54:235-45. [PMID: 9100325 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1135(96)01280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated a number of PCR-based strategies for sub-typing isolates of Mycobacterium bovis. A panel of 15 PCR primers, designed from random sequences, insertion sequences and repetitive elements, were analyzed for their ability to allow differentiation between eight M. bovis isolates. PCR products were analyzed using agarose gel electrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Random primer based PCR, conducted with a variety of primers did not differentiate between isolates of M. bovis. Successful differentiation between isolates was achieved by the amplification of fragments located between DNA repetitive elements and insertion sequences of the M. bovis genome. PCR primers designed from the major polymorphic tandem repeat (MPTR) region and from insertion sequences IS6110 and IS986 allowed differentiation between isolates of M. bovis. This study is presented as a first step towards the development of PCR-based methods to differentiate between isolates.
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96
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Pieters BR, Maher M, Gerbaulet AL. Brachytherapy in the management of breast cancer: a review. Cancer Treat Rev 1996; 21:527-39. [PMID: 8599803 DOI: 10.1016/0305-7372(95)90016-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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97
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Maher M, Glennon M, Martinazzo G, Turchetti E, Marcolini S, Smith T, Dawson MT. Evaluation of a novel PCR-based diagnostic assay for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum samples. J Clin Microbiol 1996; 34:2307-8. [PMID: 8862607 PMCID: PMC229240 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.34.9.2307-2308.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on a PCR-based assay we have developed for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum samples. One hundred sputum specimens, which included 34 culture-positive and 66 culture-negative specimens, were evaluated with this system. Of the 34 culture-positive specimens, 31 were PCR positive, and 60 of the culture-negative specimens were PCR negative. An internal standard has been included in the assay system to monitor PCR inhibition and to confirm the reliability of the PCR assay.
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98
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Qureshi H, Maher M, Ahmed W, Zuberi SJ. Endoscopic re-evaluation of Visick grading. J PAK MED ASSOC 1996; 46:174-6. [PMID: 8936974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Correlation of Visick grading was done with serial endoscopies in 19 patients operated for duodenal ulceration. Deeper mucosal lesions like ulceration showed good association with Visick grading (100%), while superficial mucosal lesions were mostly asymptomatic and therefore, caused disparity in grading. Moreover, as symptoms and endoscopic findings changed with passage of time, it was concluded that in the light of endoscopic findings the grading need re-evaluation.
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99
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Maher M, Caldwell MP, Waldron R, Murchan P, Beesley W, Feeley TM, Tanner WA, Keane FB. Staged resection or primary anastomosis for obstructing lesions to the left colon. IRISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1996; 89:138-139. [PMID: 8824036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The management of obstructing left-sided colonic and rectal lesions has traditionally been by a staged procedure. The introduction of 'on-table lavage', has made primary resection and anastomosis of the large bowel feasible for patients presenting as emergencies. We have studied the perioperative course of 28 patients who presented with left colonic obstruction to determine whether primary anastomosis conferred additional morbidity. The patients ranged in age from 29 to 89 years (mean 66 years) at presentation. The ASA status of patients was comparable in both groups (Table 1). Fourteen patients underwent resection, on-table lavage, and primary anastomosis (PA) and 14 a Hartmann's procedure (HP). The mean operative time for the PA procedure was 200 minutes compared to 110 minutes for the HP group. There was no significant difference in the postoperative complication rate nor mean hospital stay rate for the primary procedures between the two groups. There was no clinical anastomotic leak in patients undergoing primary anastomosis. However secondary surgery for patients undergoing colorectal reconnection conferred added morbidity for patients who had a HP. We conclude that resection, on-table lavage, and primary anastomosis is safe in the management of left-sided colonic obstruction and in most cases is the treatment of choice.
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Mescall FM, Kane MT, Keyes WM, Quinlan LR, Hynes AC, Kane MT, Jordan FM, Hynes AC, McGarvey C, Kelly JP, O’Donnell JM, Kelliher P, O’Donnell JM, Cotton KD, Hollywood MA, Thornbury KD, McHale NG, Curran AK, O’Halloran KD, Bradford A, O’Rourke M, Docherty JR, Brady G, Lyall P, Felle P, Fanning P, O’Boyle KM, Cummins M, Naughton Y, Ryan MP, Clarke H, O’Connell C, McNamara B, Cuffe J, O’Sullivan G, Harvey B, Urbach V, Leguen I, Butt G, MacDonncha C, Watson AWS, Aherne AM, Vaughan CJ, Murphy MB, O’Connell DP, Walsh DE, Harvey BJ, Connor TJ, Kelly JP, Leonard BE, Wrynn AS, Earley B, Harkin AJ, Cassidy EM, O’Connor JJ, Brayden DJ, Dunne JF, Baird AW, McCole DF, Newsholme PN, Love GP, Keenan AK, Doolan CM, Higgins MA, Higgins T, Horwitz E, Reidy D, Redmond AM, McNamara MG, Maginn M, Tamate K, Charleton M, Leavy J, Nolan A, Egan D, Gosling JP, Fottrell PF, Kane M, Murphy N, Long M, Fitzgerald D, O’Fegan P, O’Doherty A, Forde T, Molloy G, Dawson MA, Maher M, Houghton JA, Mccole JC, Moran AP, O/rsmalley DT, Helander IM, Lindner B, Callaghan GA, Mcclorey MB, Hannigan BM, Gilmore WS, Allen JM, Whelton HJ, Dowdall D, Dawson M, Smith T, Whelton H, O≿doherty A, Mccusker J, Joyce KM, Mlay P, Leek BF, Clements BA, Grimes F, Walsh DM, Baxter GD, Toussi H, Lagan KM, Ashford R. Royal academy of medicine in ireland section of biomedical sciences. Ir J Med Sci 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02940256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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