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Sun Y, Li S, Zhou Z, Saha ML, Datta S, Zhang M, Yan X, Tian D, Wang H, Wang L, Li X, Liu M, Li H, Stang PJ. Alanine-Based Chiral Metallogels via Supramolecular Coordination Complex Platforms: Metallogelation Induced Chirality Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3257-3263. [PMID: 29290113 PMCID: PMC5842145 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chiral self-assemblies constantly attract great interest because of their potential to provide insight into biological systems and materials science. Herein we report on the efficient preparation of alanine-based chiral metallacycles, rhomboids 1D and 1L and hexagons 2D and 2L using a Pt(II) ← pyridyl directional bonding approach. The metallacycles are subsequently assembled into nanospheres at low concentration, that generate chiral metallogels at high concentration driven by hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic and π-π interactions. The gels consist of microscopic chiral nanofibers with well-defined helicity, as confirmed by circular dichroism (CD) and scanning (SEM) and transmission electron (TEM) microscopies. Given these results, we expect this technique will not only unlock interesting new approaches to understand homochirality in nature but also allow the design of versatile soft materials containing chiral supramolecular cores.
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77
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Stang PJ. Peer Review at the Journal of the American Chemical Society. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16431-16432. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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78
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Park YJ, Ryu JY, Hwang S, Park KH, Lee JM, Cho S, Lee S, Saha ML, Stang PJ, Lee J. Cationic Ti Complexes with Three [N,O]-Type Tetrazolyl Ligands: Ti↔Fe Transmetalation within Fe Metallascorpionate Complexes. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:14060-14068. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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79
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Yu G, Zhang M, Saha ML, Mao Z, Chen J, Yao Y, Zhou Z, Liu Y, Gao C, Huang F, Chen X, Stang PJ. Antitumor Activity of a Unique Polymer That Incorporates a Fluorescent Self-Assembled Metallacycle. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15940-15949. [PMID: 29019660 PMCID: PMC5827967 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the well-known anticancer activity of mono- and multinuclear platinum complexes, studies of the antitumor performances of platinum-based supramolecular coordination complexes are rare. Herein, we report on the synthesis of a four-armed amphiphilic copolymer, Pt-PAZMB-b-POEGMA, containing a metallacycle M, in which the tetraphenylethene derivative acts as an aggregation-induced emissive fluorescent probe for live cell imaging and the 3,6-bis[trans-Pt(PEt3)2]phenanthrene (PhenPt) is an anticancer drug. This copolymer was further self-assembled into nanoparticles of different sizes and vesicles depending upon the experimental conditions. The impacts of the morphology and size of the assemblies on their endocytic pathways, uptake rates, internalization amounts, and cytotoxicities were investigated. The self-assemblies were further employed to encapsulate doxorubicin (DOX) to achieve a synergistic anticancer effect. Controlled drug release was also realized via amphiphilicity changes and was driven by a glutathione-induced cascade elimination reaction. The DOX-loaded nanoparticles of around 50 nm in size exhibited an excellent antitumor performance as well as a low systemic toxicity, due to an enhanced permeability and retention effect.
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80
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Li Z, Yan X, Huang F, Sepehrpour H, Stang PJ. Near-Infrared Emissive Discrete Platinum(II) Metallacycles: Synthesis and Application in Ammonia Detection. Org Lett 2017; 19:5728-5731. [PMID: 29027805 PMCID: PMC5808942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two novel discrete organoplatinum(II) metallacycles are prepared by means of coordination-driven self-assembly of a 90° organoplatinum(II) acceptor, cis-(PEt3)2Pt(OTf)2, with two donors, a pyridyl donor, 9,10-di(4-pyridylvinyl)anthracene, and one of two dicarboxylate ligands. Both metallacycles display aggregation-induced emission as well as solvatochromism. More interestingly, both metallacycles exhibit near-infrared fluorescent emission in the solid state and can be used to detect ammonia gas.
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81
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Zhang M, Xu H, Wang M, Saha ML, Zhou Z, Yan X, Wang H, Li X, Huang F, She N, Stang PJ. Platinum(II)-Based Convex Trigonal-Prismatic Cages via Coordination-Driven Self-Assembly and C 60 Encapsulation. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:12498-12504. [PMID: 28945436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of three-dimensional (3D) supramolecular coordination complexes is of great interest from both fundamental and application points of view because these materials are useful in molecular catalysis, separation and purification, sensing, etc. Herein, we describe the synthesis of two Klärner's molecular-clip-based tetrapyridyl donors, which possess a C-shaped structure as shown by X-ray analysis, and subsequently use them to prepare four convex trigonal-prismatic cages via coordination-driven self-assembly with two 180° diplatinum(II) acceptors. The cages are fully characterized by multinuclear NMR (31P and 1H) analysis, diffusion-ordered spectroscopy, electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and UV/vis absorption spectroscopy. Moreover, the incorporation of molecular-clip-based ligands provides these cages with free cavities to encapsulate fullerene C60 via aromatic interactions, which may be useful for fullerene separation and purification. The studies described herein enlarge the scope of the platinum(II)-based directional bonding approach in the preparation of curved 3D metallacages and their host-guest chemistry.
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82
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Kobayashi S, Saha ML, Stang PJ. Pyrene functionalized metallosupramolecular rhomboids and their photophysical properties. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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83
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Ryu JY, Wi EH, Pait M, Lee S, Stang PJ, Lee J. Unique Ruthenium Bimetallic Supramolecular Cages From C4-Symmetric Tetrapyridyl Metalloligands. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:5471-5477. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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84
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Zhang M, Saha ML, Wang M, Zhou Z, Song B, Lu C, Yan X, Li X, Huang F, Yin S, Stang PJ. Multicomponent Platinum(II) Cages with Tunable Emission and Amino Acid Sensing. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:5067-5074. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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85
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He Z, Li M, Que W, Stang PJ. Self-assembly of metal-ion-responsive supramolecular coordination complexes and their photophysical properties. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:3120-3124. [PMID: 28203666 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00174f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the synthesis and characterization of two newly self-assembled supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs) by using the cis-{Pt(PEt3)2}2+ center and two different kinds of pyridyl-derivatized ligands. The photophysical properties of the resulting SCCs in the presence of metal ions revealed that these dipyridyl-containing SCCs hold potential as metal-ion-responsive materials.
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86
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Sepehrpour H, Saha ML, Stang PJ. Fe–Pt Twisted Heterometallic Bicyclic Supramolecules via Multicomponent Self-Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:2553-2556. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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87
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Saha ML, Yan X, Stang PJ. Photophysical Properties of Organoplatinum(II) Compounds and Derived Self-Assembled Metallacycles and Metallacages: Fluorescence and its Applications. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:2527-2539. [PMID: 27736060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past couple of decades, coordination-driven self-assembly has evolved as a broad multidisciplinary domain that not only covers the syntheses of aesthetically pleasing supramolecular architectures but also emerges as a method to form new optical materials, chemical sensors, theranostic agents, and compounds with light-harvesting and emissive properties. The majority of these applications depend upon investigations that reveal the photophysical nature and electronic structure of supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs), including two-dimensional (2D) metallacycles and three-dimensional (3D) metallacages. As such, well-defined absorption and emission spectra are important for a given SCC to be used for sensing, bioimaging, and other applications with molecular fluorescence being an important component. In this Account, we summarize the photophysical properties of some bis(phosphine)organoplatinum(II) compounds and their discrete SCCs. The platinum(II) based organometallic precursors typically display spectral red-shifts and have low fluorescence quantum yields and short fluorescence lifetimes compared to their organic counterparts because the introduction of metal centers enhances both intersystem crossing (ISC) and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) processes, which can compete with the fluorescence emissions. Likewise ligands with conjugation can also increase the ICT process; hence the corresponding organoplatinum(II) compounds undergo a further decrease in fluorescence lifetimes. The use of endohedral amine functionalized 120°-bispyridyl ligands can dramatically enhance the emission properties of the resultant organoplatinum(II) based SCCs. As such these SCCs display emissions in the visible region (ca. 400-500 nm) and are significantly red-shifted (ca. 80-100 nm) compared to the ligands. This key feature makes them suitable as supramolecular theranostic agents wherein these unique emission properties provide diagnostic spectroscopic handles and the organoplatinum(II) centers act as potential anticancer agents. Using steady state and time-resolved-spectroscopic techniques and quantum computations in concert, we have determined that the emissive properties stem from the ligand-centered transitions involving π-type molecular orbitals with modest contributions from the metal-based orbitals. The self-assembly and the photophysics of organoplatinum(II) ← 3-substituted pyridyl based SCCs are highly diverse. Subtle changes in the ligands' structures can form molecular congener systems with distinct conformational and photophysical properties. Furthermore, the heterometallic SCCs described herein possess rich photophysical properties and can be used for sensing based applications. Tetraphenylethylene (TPE) based SCCs display emissions in the aggregated state as well as in dilute solutions. This is a unique phenomenon that bridges the aggregation caused quenching (ACQ) and aggregation induced emission (AIE) effects. Moreover, a TPE based metallacage exhibits solvatoluminescence, including white light emission in THF solvent, and can act as a fluorescence-sensor for structurally similar ester compounds.
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Zhou Z, Yan X, Saha ML, Zhang M, Wang M, Li X, Stang PJ. Immobilizing Tetraphenylethylene into Fused Metallacycles: Shape Effects on Fluorescence Emission. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:13131-13134. [PMID: 27672700 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the selective formation of a discrete fused metallarhomboid and a triangle by the careful control of the shape and stoichiometry of the building blocks. A tetraphenylethylene (TPE)-based tetrapyridyl donor is exploited as the bridging component, and coordination immobilization of the TPE unit within the rigid metallacyclic frameworks efficiently suppresses its intramolecular rotational motions. As a result, the fused polygons are innately emissive in dilute solution, representing an alternative to aggregation-induced emission. Upon further molecular aggregation, these metallacycles display aggregation-induced enhanced emissions. Interestingly, the fused rhomboid 7 shows a weaker fluorescence in dilute solutions relative to that of the fused triangle 8, while a reversal of emission intensities was observed in the aggregated state. These markedly different fluorescence efficiencies are likely due to the differences in the shapes of the fused polygons. Thus, this work shows that the properties of supramolecular coordination complexes can be affected by subtle structural factors, which can be controlled easily and precisely at the molecular level.
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89
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Tian Y, Yan X, Saha ML, Niu Z, Stang PJ. Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Responsive Organoplatinum(II) Metallacycle–TMV Complexes with Turn-On Fluorescence. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:12033-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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90
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Wei P, Yan X, Cook TR, Ji X, Stang PJ, Huang F. Supramolecular Copolymer Constructed by Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Orthogonal Host-Guest, H-Bonding, and Coordination Interactions. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:671-675. [PMID: 35614665 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular copolymers with complex architectures and emergent functions constitute a class of challenging but enticing synthetic targets in polymer science. Individual building blocks can be tailored to endow a resulting supramolecular copolymer with increased structural and functional complexity. Herein, we describe the construction of a linear supramolecular copolymer comprising mechanically interlocked segments with hydrogen-bonding metallorhomboidal units. Specifically, a hierarchical supramolecular polymerization of a crown ether-based [2]rotaxane and a discrete organoplatinum(II) metallacycle driven by 2-ureido-4-pyrimidinone (UPy) quadruple hydrogen bonding provides the impetus for its formation. This system demonstrates enhanced structural complexity accessed by the unification of orthogonal noncovalent interactions: metal coordination, host-guest chemistry, and multiple hydrogen bonding interfaces.
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91
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Vacek J, Caskey DC, Horinek D, Shoemaker RK, Stang PJ, Michl J. Correction to “Pyridine Ligand Rotation in Self-Assembled Trigonal Prisms. Evidence for Intracage Solvent Vapor Bubbles”. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:6688. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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92
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Saha ML, Zhou Z, Stang PJ. A Four-Component Heterometallic Cu-Pt Quadrilateral via Self-Sorting. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:2662-2666. [PMID: 27124365 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein we combine the subcomponent self-assembly and integrative self-sorting techniques with the well-established platinum(II)-pyridine coordination-driven self-assembly to report the quantitative synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of a heterometallic CuI -PtII quadrilateral QL that is formed from a total of twelve molecular components from four unique species, including 5-(pyridin-4-ylethynyl)picolinaldehyde (1), p-toluidine (2), [Cu(CH3 CN4 ](PF6 ) (3), and cis-Pt(PEt3 )2 (OTf)2 (4), in a 4:4:2:2 ratio. Despite the many different entities potentially forming from these four precursor units, the clean formation of QL is mainly guided by the different coordination preferences of the metal ions 3 and 4, and the design criteria inherent in compounds 1 and 2.
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93
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Yan X, Wang M, Cook TR, Zhang M, Saha ML, Zhou Z, Li X, Huang F, Stang PJ. Light-Emitting Superstructures with Anion Effect: Coordination-Driven Self-Assembly of Pure Tetraphenylethylene Metallacycles and Metallacages. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4580-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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94
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El Garah M, Dianat A, Cadeddu A, Gutierrez R, Cecchini M, Cook TR, Ciesielski A, Stang PJ, Cuniberti G, Samorì P. Atomically Precise Prediction of 2D Self-Assembly of Weakly Bonded Nanostructures: STM Insight into Concentration-Dependent Architectures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:343-350. [PMID: 26596683 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A joint experimental and computational study is reported on the concentration-dependant self-assembly of a flat C3 -symmetric molecule on a graphite surface. As a model system a tripodal molecule, 1,3,5-tris(pyridin-3-ylethynyl)benzene, has been chosen, which can adopt either C3h or Cs symmetry when planar, as a result of pyridyl rotation along the alkynyl spacers. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations of 2D nanopatterns with different surface coverage reveal that the molecule can generate different types of self-assembled motifs. The stability of fourteen 2D patterns and the influence of concentration are analyzed. It is found that ordered, densely packed monolayers and 2D porous networks are obtained at high and low concentrations, respectively. A concentration-dependent scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) investigation of this molecular self-assembly system at a solution/graphite interface reveals four supramolecular motifs, which are in perfect agreement with those predicted by simulations. Therefore, this DFT method represents a key step forward toward the atomically precise prediction of molecular self-assembly on surfaces and at interfaces.
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Zhou Z, Yan X, Cook TR, Saha ML, Stang PJ. Engineering Functionalization in a Supramolecular Polymer: Hierarchical Self-Organization of Triply Orthogonal Non-covalent Interactions on a Supramolecular Coordination Complex Platform. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:806-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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96
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Zhang D, Nie Y, Saha ML, He Z, Jiang L, Zhou Z, Stang PJ. Photoreversible [2] Catenane via the Host–Guest Interactions between a Palladium Metallacycle and β-Cyclodextrin. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:11807-12. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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97
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Yan X, Wang H, Hauke CE, Cook TR, Wang M, Saha ML, Zhou Z, Zhang M, Li X, Huang F, Stang PJ. A Suite of Tetraphenylethylene-Based Discrete Organoplatinum(II) Metallacycles: Controllable Structure and Stoichiometry, Aggregation-Induced Emission, and Nitroaromatics Sensing. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:15276-86. [PMID: 26550682 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b10130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Materials that organize multiple functionally active sites, especially those with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties, are of growing interest due to their widespread applications. Despite promising early architectures, the fabrication and preparation of multiple AIEgens, such as multiple tetraphenylethylene (multi-TPE) units, in a single entity remain a big challenge due to the tedious covalent synthetic procedures often accompanying such preparations. Coordination-driven self-assembly is an alternative synthetic methodology with the potential to deliver multi-TPE architectures with light-emitting characteristics. Herein, we report the preparation of a new family of discrete multi-TPE metallacycles in which two pendant phenyl rings of the TPE units remain unused as a structural element, representing novel AIE-active metal-organic materials based on supramolecular coordination complex platforms. These metallacycles possess relatively high molar absorption coefficients but weak fluorescent emission under dilute conditions because of the ability of the untethered phenyl rings to undergo torsional motion as a non-radiative decay pathway. Upon molecular aggregation, the multi-TPE metallacycles show AIE-activity with markedly enhanced quantum yields. Moreover, on account of their AIE characteristics in the condensed state and ability to interact with electron-deficient substrates, the photophysics of these metallacycles is sensitive to the presence of nitroaromatics, motivating their use as sensors. This work represents a unification of themes including molecular self-assembly, AIE, and fluorescence sensing and establishes structure-property-application relationships of multi-TPE scaffolds. The fundamental knowledge obtained from the current research facilitates progress in the field of metal-organic materials, metal-coordination-induced emission, and fluorescent sensing.
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98
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Neti VSPK, Saha ML, Yan X, Zhou Z, Stang PJ. Coordination-Driven Self-Assembly of Fullerene-Functionalized Pt(II) Metallacycles. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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99
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Ryu JY, Park YJ, Park HR, Saha ML, Stang PJ, Lee J. Ruthenium–Cobalt Bimetallic Supramolecular Cages via a Less Symmetric Tetrapyridyl Metalloligand and the Effect of Spacer Units. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:13018-23. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b07625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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100
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Dubey A, Jeong YJ, Jo JH, Woo S, Kim DH, Kim H, Kang SC, Stang PJ, Chi KW. Anticancer Activity and Autophagy Involvement of Self-Assembled Arene–Ruthenium Metallacycles. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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