76
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Nye ER, Scott PJ, Janus ED. Management of hypercholesterolaemia and cholestyramine. THE NEW ZEALAND MEDICAL JOURNAL 1984; 97:272. [PMID: 6587212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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77
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Merrilees MA, Scott PJ, Norris RM. Prognosis after myocardial infarction: results of 15 year follow up. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1984; 288:356-9. [PMID: 6229313 PMCID: PMC1444289 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.288.6414.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A total of 271 out of 757 patients who had suffered a myocardial infarction during 1966-7 were still alive after six years; these patients were subsequently followed up 15 years after the infarction. Two hundred and sixty eight (99%) of the patients alive at six years and 519 (95%) of the 549 originally discharged from hospital were traced. A coronary prognostic index, which had predicted survival both to three years and from three to six years after recovery from the infarct also predicted survival from six to 15 years after recovery. The major factor affecting survival to 15 years was age at the time of the original infarct. Among patients aged under 60 at the time of infarction women fared better than men (p = 0.027). Factors in the coronary prognostic index that were associated with impairment of left ventricular function at the time of infarction and that had predicted mortality to three years and from three to six years also predicted mortality from six to 15 years. These factors were cardiac enlargement, pulmonary venous congestion, and the presence of infarction before the index infarct. The dominant cause of death remained coronary heart disease and its complications.
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78
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Keren DF, Scott PJ, McDonald RA, Wiatrak M. Effect of parenteral immunization on the local immunoglobulin A response of the intestine to Shigella flexneri antigens. Infect Immun 1983; 42:202-7. [PMID: 6352492 PMCID: PMC264543 DOI: 10.1128/iai.42.1.202-207.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Most traditional methods of immunization involve parenteral vaccines. Using a chronically isolated ileal loop model as the probe, we examined the effect of a primary parenteral immunization on the local immune response of the intestine. Secretions from isolated ileal loops of rabbits given a primary parenteral immunization with Shigella flexneri without adjuvant showed a small, but definite, specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) response locally, whereas a vigorous serum antigen-specific IgG response was elicited. Also, stronger antigen-specific IgG activity was detected in secretions of parenterally immunized animals than from animals given shigella only by oral immunization. No local IgA or IgG memory response could be elicited by prior parenteral priming with S. flexneri antigens. Lastly, no increase in the primary local IgA response was found in secretions from animals given an oral dosage regimen previously shown to prime for mucosal memory and then challenged with a single parenteral dose of the same antigen. These studies demonstrate that without adjuvant, parenteral doses of S. flexneri antigens elicit both specific serum and local immune responses, but they are not able to prime for a mucosal memory response upon subsequent mucosal challenge. The implications of these findings for programs that use parenteral vaccination to protect against mucosal diseases are discussed.
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79
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Scott PJ. Effect of technology on medicine: the changing decision-making process. THE NEW ZEALAND MEDICAL JOURNAL 1983; 96:655-8. [PMID: 6576261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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80
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Bryson SM, Verma N, Scott PJ, Rubin PC. Pharmacokinetics of valproic acid in young and elderly subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1983; 16:104-5. [PMID: 6411107 PMCID: PMC1427943 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1983.tb02151.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The disposition of valproic acid was studied following single dose intravenous administration in seven young male volunteers aged 20-35 years and six elderly male in-patients aged 75-87 years. Following administration of 400 mg sodium valproate, blood samples were collected for 48 h and valproic acid concentrations analysed by enzymatic immunoassay. The median elimination half-life was 7.2 h in the young subjects but 14.9 h in the elderly patients (P less than 0.01). However, clearance did not differ significantly between groups, the values for young and old being 0.69 and 0.58 1/h respectively. The prolonged half-life resulted from a greater volume of distribution in the elderly. The median values (1/kg) for young and old were 0.13 and 0.19 respectively (P less than 0.01). These pharmacokinetic changes are unlikely to be of clinical importance.
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81
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82
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Phillips JS, Scott PJ. Therapeutic trials. THE NEW ZEALAND MEDICAL JOURNAL 1983; 96:266-7. [PMID: 6572844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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83
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Frith RW, Hannan SF, Simcock JP, Scott PJ. Tangier disease with normal serum cholesterol. AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 1982; 12:515-9. [PMID: 6960872 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.1982.tb03834.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Three patients with Tangier Disease (hypoalphalipoproteinaemia) from the same family are described. One shows the classically described lipid abnormalities of the disease, with a low serum cholesterol level, and almost absent high density lipoprotein (HDL). However, two of his siblings, although demonstrable as Tangier homozygotes, have serum cholesterol levels within the normal range. This anomaly has arisen because they are also heterozygous for familial combined hyperlipidaemia. The pattern of inheritance of the two disorders, Tangier Disease and combined hyperlipidaemia, appears to be unrelated.
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84
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Scott PJ. Chelation therapy for degenerative vascular disease. THE NEW ZEALAND MEDICAL JOURNAL 1982; 95:538-9. [PMID: 6813779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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85
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Smith GW, Hannan SF, Scott PJ, Simpson IJ. Immune complex-like activity associated with abnormal serum lipoproteins in systemic erythematosus. Clin Exp Immunol 1982; 48:8-16. [PMID: 6979451 PMCID: PMC1536556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sera from four patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were shown to contain abnormal lipoproteins which behaved as immune complexes (IC). One IC lipoprotein (IC VLDL) had the density in ultracentrifugation of very low density lipoprotein, but a markedly altered electrophoretic mobility. A second IC lipoprotein (IC LDL) had the electrophoretic mobility of very low density lipoprotein but was slightly denser than low density lipoprotein on ultracentrifugation. Both the IC VLDL and IC LDL contained IgG and behaved as IC in the Clq deviation test, platelet aggregation and rheumatoid factor inhibition assays, but not in the conglutinin and Clq binding assays and the Clq solid phase assay. These differences could be due to the low densities of the IC VLDL and IC LDL. The abnormal lipoprotein IC disappeared with clinical remission in two patients and were not present in the sera of other patients with inactive or mild SLE, Type IV hyperlipidaemia, or during prednisone therapy or plasma exchange for other conditions. These IC appeared to be markers of severe and active SLE.
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86
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Rubin PC, Scott PJ, McLean K, Reid JL. Noradrenaline release and clearance in relation to age and blood pressure in man. Eur J Clin Invest 1982; 12:121-5. [PMID: 6807683 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.1982.tb00948.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Plasma noradrenaline concentration increases with age. This study was designed to investigate whether an increased rate of noradrenaline release into the circulation or a decrease in clearance is primarily responsible for this age related change in concentration. Sixteen healthy male subjects were studied, eight young (21-36 years) and eight old (65-78 years). Clearance was calculated from steady state noradrenaline concentrations during constant rate infusions of unlabelled noradrenaline. Clearance did not differ between the two groups: young 4.8 l/min (range 2.7-6.1), old 4.1 (range 2.6-8.2). The old subjects had significantly greater rates of release. Supine: young 10.3 nmol/min (range 5.3-17.6), old 19.7 (range 10.1-30), P less than 0.05. Standing: young 17.2 (range 11-36.4), old 29.2 (range 21.8-47.9), P less than 0.01. No significant relationship was found in either supine or standing position between rate of noradrenaline release and either systolic or diastolic blood pressure. These results indicate that plasma noradrenaline concentration rises with age because of an increased rate of release, but that this increased release is not responsible for the higher blood pressure seen in the elderly.
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87
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Rubin PC, Scott PJ, McLean K, Pearson A, Ross D, Reid JL. Atenolol disposition in young and elderly subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1982; 13:235-7. [PMID: 7059422 PMCID: PMC1402004 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1982.tb01364.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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88
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Scott PJ, Reid JL. The effect of age on the responses of human isolated arteries to noradrenaline. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1982; 13:237-9. [PMID: 7059423 PMCID: PMC1402010 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1982.tb01365.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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89
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Keren DF, Kern SE, Bauer DH, Scott PJ, Porter P. Direct demonstration in intestinal secretions of an IgA memory response to orally administered Shigella flexneri antigens. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1982; 128:475-9. [PMID: 7033378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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90
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Scott PJ, Stansfield J, Williams BO. Prescribing habits and potential adverse drug interactions in a geriatric medical service. HEALTH BULLETIN 1982; 40:5-9. [PMID: 7061232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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91
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Keren DF, Kern SE, Bauer DH, Scott PJ, Porter P. Direct demonstration in intestinal secretions of an IgA memory response to orally administered Shigella flexneri antigens. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1982. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.128.1.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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92
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Scott PJ. The challenge to medicine-an analysis of the 1980 Reith lectures. THE NEW ZEALAND MEDICAL JOURNAL 1981; 94:454-6. [PMID: 6950293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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93
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Abstract
1 The disposition of prazosin following oral and intravenous administration has been studied in seven young and seven elderly men, all of whom were in good health and living independently in the community. 2 The elimination half-life (min) of prazosin was 123 +/- 19.4 (s.d.) in the young and 194 +/- 36 in the elderly (P less than 0.01). 3 Clearance (ml min-1 kg-1) was 3.94 +/- 0.73 in the young and 3.53 +/- 1 in the elderly (P greater than 0.1). Volume of distribution at steady state (1 kg-1) was 0.63 +/- 0.14 in the young and 0.89 +/- 0.26 in the elderly (P less than 0.05). 4 The absolute bioavailability of orally administered prazosin was 0.68 +/- 0.17 in the young and 0.48 +/- 0.16 in the elderly (P less than 0.05). 5 The significant increase in prazosin half-life in the elderly results from an increased volume of distribution, not from decreased clearance. 6 Gastrointestinal absorption of prazosin decreases in old age.
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94
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Holland EJ, Loren AB, Scott PJ, Niwa Y, Yokoyama MM. Demonstration of neutrophil dysfunction in the serum of patients with cystic fibrosis. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL & LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 1981; 6:137-9. [PMID: 7288870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The neutrophil function of 12 patients with cystic fibrosis was evaluated via the new Immunobead/NBT dye reduction test. While the neutrophils appeared to be hyperfunctional when studied in the standard assay using fetal calf serum, we demonstrated a significant neutrophil dysfunction when studied in their own respective serum. The dysfunction involved both the phagocytic and intracellular killing ability of the cells, which we postulate is due to an inhibitory factor present in the patient's serum. The inhibitory factor did not appear to be related to the level of circulating immune complexes.
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95
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Willis JD, West RR, Stewart RD, Scott PJ, O'Donnell TV. Coronary artery bypass surgery. THE NEW ZEALAND MEDICAL JOURNAL 1981; 93:24-6. [PMID: 6973729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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96
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Spicer J, McLeod WR, O'Brien KP, Scott PJ. Psychosomatic patterns of coronary risk in a community sample of New Zealand men. JOURNAL OF CHRONIC DISEASES 1981; 34:271-84. [PMID: 7240366 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9681(81)90032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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97
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Abstract
Patterns of triacylglycerol (TG) turnover in plasma and liver, and the hepatic secretion of very density lipoprotein triacylglycerol (VLDL TG) into the circulation, have been studied in young Large White female pigs, using i.v. tracer [1,3-14C]- and [2-3H]glycerol. Serial measurements were made of plasma [14C]glycerol and [14C]glucose and of liver TG and plasma VLDL TG specific activities. In other studies VLDL TG obtained from a donor pig was reinjected into recipient animals to measure the early disappearance (dilution) of VLDL TG. Multicompartmental analysis revealed a mean rate of hepatic TG turnover somewhat slower than the rate of VLDL TG turnover, suggesting that almost all of the hepatic TG turnover was due to secretion of VLDL TG, and that the intestine probably contributed an appreciable part of the newly synthesized plasma VLDL TG. The t1/2 of reinjected VLDL TG, whether prepared by the most rapid possible techniques and reinjected immediately or stored for several days, was approximately 10 min. This was much faster than the t1/2 of the falling limb of the plasma VLDL TG curve seen after injection of labelled glycerol (t1/2 approximately 2 H). Thus, in these respects, the pig resembled all other species studied rather than human subjects as described by Farquhar et al.
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98
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Keren DF, Scott PJ, Bauer D. Variables affecting the local immune response in Thiry-Vella loops. II. Stability of antigen-specific IgG and secretory IgA in acute and chronic Thiry-Vella loops. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1980; 124:2620-4. [PMID: 6154734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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99
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Keren DF, Scott PJ, Bauer D. Variables affecting the local immune response in Thiry-Vella loops. II. Stability of antigen-specific IgG and secretory IgA in acute and chronic Thiry-Vella loops. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1980. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.124.6.2620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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100
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Sharpe DN, Scott PJ, Flint MH, Donald J. Arterial connective tissue changes and distribution of 125I-labelled low density lipoprotein in hypertensive pigs. Atherosclerosis 1980; 35:393-411. [PMID: 7378120 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9150(80)90180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Young pigs with hypertension of 10 weeks duration, resulting from cellophane perinephritis, were injected with 125I-labelled low-density lipoprotein ([125I]LDL) before being killed 24 h or 48 h later. Intimal thickening and increased acid mucopolysaccharide were demonstrated in the aortas and major arteries of the hypertensive animals. Increased accumulation of [125I]LDL was observed in the inner media beneath areas of intimal thickening. It is suggested that the primary effect of hypertension in atherosclerosis is to produce structural changes in arterial connective tissue which allow increased accumulation of LDL by altering the permeability and binding properties of the arterial wall.
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