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Alam R, Goplen N, Liang Q, Germinaro M, Karim Z. Differential Expression of MAPK Activators and Phosphatases in Acute, Chronic and Tolerant Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhang Z, Liang XF, Su MQ, Liang Q, Li LP, Zhang XH, Wang XM, Zhu X. Pharmacokinetics of dl-praeruptorin A after single-dose intravenous administration to rats with liver cirrhosis. Daru 2011; 19:210-5. [PMID: 22615659 PMCID: PMC3232105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 05/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY As a novel drug in the treatment of cardiac diseases, dl-praeruptorin A (Pd-Ia) is the major active component of traditional herbal medicine Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn and is metabolized primarily via cytochrome P450 isozymes (CYP) 3A1 and 3A2 in rats. In the present study, the influence of liver cirrhosis on pharmacokinetics of Pd-Ia and hepatic mRNA expression of CYP3A1 and 3A2 in rats with experimental liver cirrhosis (LC rats) were evaluated. METHODS Pd-Ia was given intravenously (5 mg kg(-1)) to LC rats induced by dimethylnitrosamine and pharmacokinetic variables were measured. Enzyme kinetic metabolism of Pd-Ia in rat hepatic microsomes was also investigated and hepatic mRNA expression of CYP3A1 and 3A2 were measured by real-time PCR. RESULTS AND MAJOR CONCLUSION After intravenous administration in LC rats, the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0-8) was significantly greater than that in control rats, which might be due to slower rate of the hepatic blood flow and significant slower hepatic intrinsic clearance (CL(int)) in rats. The decreased metabolic clearance of Pd-Ia in LC rats might be at least partly caused by the decreased levels of CYP3A1 and 3A2 responsible for Pd-Ia metabolism. These findings may provide new insights into the inter- and intra-individual pharmacokinetic variability of Pd-Ia.
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Zou N, Liang Q, He H, Liu J, Ji A, Nelson AM, Chu WS. Ultrasound-facilitated formalin fixation of biological specimens. Biotech Histochem 2010; 86:413-20. [PMID: 20854223 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2010.518830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we showed that ultrasound can dramatically reduce the time required for tissue fixation in formalin. It generally is believed that ultrasound increases the speed of tissue fixation in two possible ways: 1) increasing the speed of penetration of fixative molecules into tissue samples and 2) increasing the speed of cross-linking reactions. We addressed here the second possible way by using protein solutions and cultured cells, which minimized the effects of the penetration factor. Proteins or cultured cells in solution were fixed with formalin with or without ultrasound irradiation. Fixed proteins and cell lysates then were separated by SDS-poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis and subjected to Western blotting to examine cross-linking formation in certain proteins. Unexpectedly, irradiation with ultrasound did not produce an observable difference in the rate of cross-linking in protein solutions. In similar experiments using cultured cells, however, we observed a significant reduction in recovery of certain proteins from cells fixed by formalin under the influence of ultrasound, which indicated that the ultrasound fixation procedure accelerated cross-linking formation within cells. Studies on protein and cell fixation without ultrasound showed that cross-linking formation was closely related to incubation temperature, which indicates that the heating function, which is inherently associated with ultrasound is another major factor in the ability of ultrasound to accelerate cross-linking.
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Unverdorben M, Mostert A, Munjal S, van der Bijl A, Potgieter L, Venter C, Liang Q, Meyer B, Roethig HJ. Acute effects of cigarette smoking on pulmonary function. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2010; 57:241-6. [PMID: 20233598 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2009.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2009] [Revised: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic smoking related changes in pulmonary function are reflected as accelerated decrease in FEV1 although histologic changes occur in the peripheral bronchi earlier. More sensitive pulmonary function parameters might mirror those early changes and might show a dose response. METHODS In a randomized three-period cross-over design 57 male adult conventional cigarette (CC)-smokers (age: 45.1+/-7.1 years) smoked either CC (tar:11 mg, nicotine:0.8 mg, carbon monoxide:11 mg [Federal Trade Commission (FTC)]), or used as a potential reduced-exposure product the electrically heated smoking system (EHCSS) (tar:5 mg, nicotine:0.3 mg, carbon monoxide:0.45 mg (FTC)) or did not smoke (NS). After each 3-day exposure period, hematology and exposure parameters were determined preceding body plethysmography. RESULTS Cigarette smoke exposure was significantly (p<0.0001) higher in CC than in EHCSS and in NS: (carboxyhemoglobin: CC: 6.4+/-1.9%; EHCSS: 1.3+/-0.6%; NS: 0.5+/-0.3%; serum nicotine: CC: 18.9+/-7.4 ng/ml; EHCSS: 8.4+/-4.3 ng/ml; NS: 1.2+/-1.6 ng/ml). Significantly lower in CC than in EHCSS and NS were specific airway conductance (0.22+/-0.09; 0.25+/-0.12; 0.25+/-0.1 1/cmH(2)O x s; CC vs EHCSS: p<0.05; CC vs NS: p<0.01), forced expiratory flow 25% (7.6+/-1.7; 7.8+/-1.7; 7.9+/-1.7 L/s; CC vs EHCSS or NS: p<0.01). Thoracic gas volume (5.1+/-1; 5+/-1.1; 5+/-1.1L/min) changed insignificantly. CONCLUSION The data indicate acute and reversible effects of cigarette smoke exposures and no-smoking on mid to small size pulmonary airways in a dose dependent manner.
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Liang Q, Davis S, DeWerd L. SU-GG-T-285: Combined Effect of Intrinsic Energy Dependence and Intrinsic Linearity on TLD-100 Response to Moderately Filtered 50 KVp X-Ray Spectra Relative to 60Co. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3468679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Li Y, Liang Q, Wen YQ, Chen LL, Wang LT, Liu YL, Luo CQ, Liang HZ, Li MT, Li Z. Comparative proteomics analysis of human osteosarcomas and benign tumor of bone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 198:97-106. [PMID: 20362224 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2010.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2009] [Revised: 01/02/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We conducted comparative proteomic analysis of osteosarcoma, with hopes of identifying the specific protein markers of osteosarcoma and improve the understanding of tumorigenesis and progression of osteosarcoma. Proteins extracted from osteosarcoma tissue and benign bone tumors, including osteoblastoma, chondroblastoma, and giant cell tumor of bone, were examined using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry analysis and database searches. We also validated the expression levels of interesting proteins by Western blotting assay and immunohistochemical staining. Intensity alterations of 30 spots were detected in osteosarcoma, and 18 of these spots were finally identified, including 12 up-regulated proteins and 6 down-regulated ones. The up-regulated proteins include VIM, TUBA1C, ZNF133, EZR, ACTG1, TF, and so on. The six down-regulated proteins include ADCY1, ATP5B, TUBB, RCN3, ACTB, and YWHAZ. Subsequent immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting assay for TUBA1C and ZNF133 in osteosarcoma samples confirmed the observation obtained by proteomic analysis. Our results suggest that these identified proteins may be potential biomarkers for osteosarcoma tumorigenesis and therapeutics. Aberrant expression of cytoskeletal- and microtubule-associated proteins in osteosarcoma may provide an advantage for tumor invasion and metastasis by affecting the stability of microtubule, which consequently influences the prognosis of patients.
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Ostroukhova M, Liang Q, Goplen N, Alam R. Switching of Glucose Metabolism from Oxidative Phosphorylation to Aerobic Glycolysis (the Warburg Effect) in T-Cells from Patients with Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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84
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Wang YB, Liu DS, Pan TH, Liang Q, Huang XH, Wu ST, Huang CC. Structural variation from 1D to 3D: effect of metal centers on the construction of metal–organic coordination polymers with N-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)benzamide ligand. CrystEngComm 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c003502e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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85
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Liang Q. Nephrotoxicity study of Aristolochia fangchi in rats by metabonomics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 7:746-52. [DOI: 10.3736/jcim20090808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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86
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Liang Q, DeWerd L. SU-FF-T-279: The Influence of Readout Parameters On the TL Dose Response of TLD-100. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Gogate S, Liang Q, Hanifi A, Gorska M, Alam R. T cells from Allergic Asthmatic Patients are Inherently Resistant to nTreg and TGFβ-mediated Suppression: the Importance of the ERK1/2 of Signaling Pathway. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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88
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Feng S, Roethig HJ, Liang Q, Kinser R, Jin Y, Scherer G, Urban M, Engl J, Riedel K. Evaluation of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene,S-phenylmercapturic acid,trans,trans-muconic acid, 3-methyladenine, 3-ethyladenine, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine and thioethers as biomarkers of exposure to cigarette smoke. Biomarkers 2008; 11:28-52. [PMID: 16484135 DOI: 10.1080/13547500500399730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the utility of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA), trans,trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA), 3-methyladenine (3-MeAd), 3-ethyladenine (3-EtAd), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and thioethers as biomarkers for assessing the exposure in adult smokers who switched from smoking conventional cigarettes to candidate potential reduced exposure products (PREP) or who stopped smoking. Two electrically heated smoking systems (EHCSS) were used as prototype cigarettes that have significant reductions in a number of mainstream smoke constituents as measured by smoking machines relative to those from conventional cigarettes. Urine samples were collected from a randomized, controlled, forced-switching study in which 110 adult smokers of a conventional cigarette brand (CC1) were randomly assigned to five study groups. The groups included the CC1 smoking group, a lower-tar conventional cigarette (CC2) smoking group, EHCSS1 group, EHCSS2 group and a no smoking group that were monitored for 8 days. Biomarkers were measured at baseline and day 8. The daily excretion levels of these biomarkers were compared among the groups before and after switching, and the relationships between the daily excretion levels of these biomarkers and cigarette smoking-related exposure were investigated using Pearson product-moment correlation and multiple regression analyses. It was concluded that under controlled study conditions: (1) 1-OHP, S-PMA and t,t-MA are useful biomarkers that could differentiate exposure between smoking conventional and EHCSS cigarettes or between smoking conventional cigarettes and no smoking; between S-PMA and t,t-MA, the former appeared to be more sensitive; (2) 3-MeAd could only differentiate between smoking conventional cigarettes and no smoking; the results for 3-EtAd were not conclusive because contradictory results were observed; (3) 8-OHdG had a questionable association with smoking and therefore the utility of this biomarker for smoking-related exposure could not be established; and (4) urinary excretion of thioethers as a biomarker lacked sensitivity to demonstrate a clear dose-response relationship in conventional cigarette smokers, although it could differentiate the excretion levels between those subjects who smoked a conventional cigarette and those who stopped smoking.
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Li W, Jia D, Wang JL, Liang Q, Jian Z, Wang XL, He S, Gao G. Deterministic Dynamics in Neuronal Discharge from Pallidotomy Targets. J Int Med Res 2008; 36:979-85. [PMID: 18831891 DOI: 10.1177/147323000803600514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-linear dynamic specificity of the firing pattern discharged from neurons of the internal globus pallidus (GPi) was investigated by recording their spontaneous firing using a microelectrode during posteroventral pallidotomy in eight patients with Parkinson's disease. Raw data from the cells were processed to extract spiking events (discharges above a selected threshold) and the interspike interval was measured. Using the unstable periodic orbits extraction method, significant period-1, −2 and −3 orbits were identified in burst firing discharged from the GPi cells in all eight patients, suggesting that deterministic dynamics exist in the timing of the discharges. As well as providing a useful peri-operative technique for locating posteroventral pallidotomy targets in Parkinson's disease, this method also provides a promising basis for investigating characteristic neuronal discharges in other regions of the brain and for various other neurological disorders.
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Wang J, Zhao Z, Liang Q, Wang X, Chang C, Wang J, Gao G. The Nucleus Accumbens Core has a More Important Role in Resisting Reactivation of Extinguished Conditioned Place Preference in Morphine-addicted Rats. J Int Med Res 2008; 36:673-81. [DOI: 10.1177/147323000803600408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the roles of the core and shell subfields of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in drug- or foot-shock-induced reactivation of extinguished conditioned place preference (CPP) in morphine-addicted rats. Rats were given electrolytic lesions to either the core or shell after CPP was established. After surgery, a reduction of CPP scores to morphine was observed in all groups. During the reacquisition of morphine-seeking behaviour, rats in the shell and sham lesion groups regained their CPP, while the CPP in core lesion rats remained severely impaired. Similarly, foot-shock-induced reactivation of CPP in the core lesion group was significantly lower than that of the shell and sham lesion groups, and there was no significant difference between these latter groups. Our results demonstrate that NAc core and shell lesions elicited dissociable effects on reactivation of extinguished CPP in rats, suggesting that the NAc core might play a more important role in resisting reactivation of extinguished CPP in morphine-addicted rats.
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Liang Q, Ma YQ. Organization of membrane-associated proteins in lipid bilayers. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2008; 25:129-138. [PMID: 18330502 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2007-10272-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Lateral organization of proteins in biomembranes is vitally important to membrane functions such as signal transduction, endocytosis, and membrane trafficking. One of the major goals in current biomembrane science is to reveal the microscopic mechanism of membrane-associated protein organization in biomembranes. Here, we investigate the structural organization of membrane-associated proteins in lipid bilayers by combining self-consistent field theory with density functional theory. The present study can simultaneously take into account the entropy effect of lipids, depletion effect of membrane-associated proteins due to the presence of lipid headgroups as well as the effect of interfacial interaction. By varying the volume fraction of lipids, we examine various effects on protein organization, and reveal that a close-packed crystal structure appears at low lipid volume fractions due to interfacial energy and weak depletion effect, whereas a chain structure with branches occurs at high lipid volume fractions mainly due to strong depletion. The present results may provide some theoretical insight into further experiments on organization of membrane proteins.
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Liang Q, Jaeglé L, Hudman RC, Turquety S, Jacob DJ, Avery MA, Browell EV, Sachse GW, Blake DR, Brune W, Ren X, Cohen RC, Dibb JE, Fried A, Fuelberg H, Porter M, Heikes BG, Huey G, Singh HB, Wennberg PO. Summertime influence of Asian pollution in the free troposphere over North America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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93
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Liang Q, Balzar S, Wenzel S, Gorska M, Alam R. Cell-specific Activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK in Airway Biopsy Samples from Asthmatic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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94
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Singhania N, Liang Q, Cool C, Tate R, Alam R. Diffuse Idiopathic Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia (DIPNECH) in a Patient with Cough and Dyspnea Resistant to Standard Therapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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95
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Alam R, Goplen N, Liang Q, Rozario S, Morimoto Y, Gorska M. Sensitization to Multiple Allergens Breaks Through Tolerance and Establishes Chronic Asthma That is Unresponsive to Anti-Cytokine Therapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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96
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Goplen N, Stafford S, Liang Q, Gorska M, Rozario S, Alam R. A Phospho-site Screen Identifies Baseline Activation of PKR As a Survival-limiting Factor For Eosinophils. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.12.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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97
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Xu G, Liang Q, Gong Z, Yu W, He S, Xi L. Antitumor activities of the four sesquiterpene lactones from Elephantopus scaber L. Exp Oncol 2006; 28:106-9. [PMID: 16837899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate antitumor activity of sesquiterpene lactones (scabertopin (ES-2), isoscabertopin (ES-3), deoxyelephantopin (ES-4), isodeoxyelephantopin (ES-5)) isolated from Elephantopus scaber L. in vitro and in vivo. METHODS SMMC-7721, Caco-2 and HeLa cell lines were treated with ES-2,3,4,5. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Agarose gel electrophoresis was used to detect DNA fragmentation. To evaluate in vivo antitumor activity of ES-4, experimental murine tumor model was used. RESULTS It was shown that ES-2, ES-4, ES-5 exhibited significant antitumor effect in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. However, the effect of ES-3 on the growth of tested cell lines was relatively weak. In HeLa cells exposed to ES-4 for 48 h, morphological changes and DNA ladder pattern evidencing on apoptosis were detected. ES-4 revealed in vivo antitumor activity. CONCLUSION Antitumor activity of studied sesquiterpene lactones may be due, at least in part, to induction of apoptosis in vitro. ES-4 possesses also antitumor activity in vivo.
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Alam R, Liang Q, Goplen N, Liu W, Rozario S, Vepachedu R, Guo L, Gorska M. The Mechanism of Self-Perpetuated Activation of ERK1/2 in Airway Cells in the Absence of Allergen Exposure in a Mouse Model of Chronic Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Liang Q, Li H, Xu Y, Xiao X. Friction and Adhesion between C60 Single Crystal Surfaces and AFM Tips: Effects of the Orientational Phase Transition. J Phys Chem B 2005; 110:403-9. [PMID: 16471549 DOI: 10.1021/jp054939o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the nanotribological properties of C60 single crystal (111) and (100) surfaces around its orientational order-disorder phase transition temperature, approximately 260 K, by atomic force microscopy and frictional force microscopy (AFM/FFM) in high vacuum. Results show that for both surfaces across the phase transition temperature, the friction force and the adhesive force between a C60 coated AFM tip and the C60 crystal surfaces exhibit discontinuous behavior. The friction force within the applied external load range in the low temperature phase is significantly larger than that in the high temperature phase, with no obvious change in the slope of the friction force curves (the friction coefficient) in the low and high temperature phases. The abrupt change in friction was found to be caused mainly by the abrupt change in adhesion, which, in turn, can be qualitatively understood through changes in the van der Waals interaction and the short-range Coulomb interaction associated with the structural changes across the phase transition. Compared to most other degrees of freedom, the rotation of C60 molecules was found to have little effect on friction and is an ineffective energy dissipation channel.
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Gorska M, Stafford S, Liang Q, Dharajiya N, Sur S, Gaestel M, Alam R. The lack of allergic inflammation in MK2-deficient mice is not due to the impairment of the immune response but is associated with aberrant endothelial function. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.12.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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