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Harding J, Sooriyakumaran M, Anstey KJ, Adams R, Balkau B, Briffa T, Davis TME, Davis WA, Dobson A, Giles GG, Grant J, Knuiman M, Luszcz M, Mitchell P, Pasco JA, Reid C, Simmons D, Simons L, Tonkin A, Woodward M, Shaw JE, Magliano DJ. The metabolic syndrome and cancer: Is the metabolic syndrome useful for predicting cancer risk above and beyond its individual components? DIABETES & METABOLISM 2015; 41:463-9. [PMID: 26037090 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk factor for cancer. However, it is not known if the MetS confers a greater cancer risk than the sum of its individual components, which components drive the association, or if the MetS predicts future cancer risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS We linked 20,648 participants from the Australian and New Zealand Diabetes and Cancer Collaboration with complete data on the MetS to national cancer registries and used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate associations of the MetS, the number of positive MetS components, and each of the five MetS components separately with the risk for overall, colorectal, prostate and breast cancer. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) are reported. We assessed predictive ability of the MetS using Harrell's c-statistic. RESULTS The MetS was inversely associated with prostate cancer (HR 0.85; 95% CI 0.72-0.99). We found no evidence of an association between the MetS overall, colorectal and breast cancers. For those with five positive MetS components the HR was 1.12 (1.02-1.48) and 2.07 (1.26-3.39) for overall, and colorectal cancer, respectively, compared with those with zero positive MetS components. Greater waist circumference (WC) (1.38; 1.13-1.70) and elevated blood pressure (1.29; 1.01-1.64) were associated with colorectal cancer. Elevated WC and triglycerides were (inversely) associated with prostate cancer. MetS models were only poor to moderate discriminators for all cancer outcomes. CONCLUSIONS We show that the MetS is (inversely) associated with prostate cancer, but is not associated with overall, colorectal or breast cancer. Although, persons with five positive components of the MetS are at a 1.2 and 2.1 increased risk for overall and colorectal cancer, respectively, and these associations appear to be driven, largely, by elevated WC and BP. We also demonstrate that the MetS is only a moderate discriminator of cancer risk.
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Waddington G, Adams R, Han J, Witchalls J. Measurement of dynamic proprioception. A systematic review of the literature. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.1603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Liebert A, Ellias S, Adams R, Rebbeck T. Familial factors in cervicogenic headache: a study of sufferers and non-sufferers in family members. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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79
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El-Ansary D, Waddington G, Adams R. Dynamic, multi-planar motion of the sternum following median sternotomy and sternal instability. Heart Lung Circ 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.06.696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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80
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Waddington G, Adams R, Han J, Anson J. A new method for measuring dynamic proprioception. J Sci Med Sport 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2014.11.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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81
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Batista AD, English R, Sidebottom R, Adams R, Winter L, Noble A, Harris A. PB.45. Correlation of perilesional tissue stiffness measured by ultrasound strain elastography with breast density. Breast Cancer Res 2014. [PMCID: PMC4243770 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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McCullagh LM, Tilson L, Adams R, Barry M. HTA Informed Price Negotiations: Cost Savings To The Health Payer in Ireland. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2014; 17:A420. [PMID: 27201061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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83
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Barbieri M, Weatherly HLA, Ara R, Basarir H, Sculpher M, Adams R, Ahmed H, Coles C, Guerrero-Urbano T, Nutting C, Powell M. What is the quality of economic evaluations of non-drug therapies? A systematic review and critical appraisal of economic evaluations of radiotherapy for cancer. APPLIED HEALTH ECONOMICS AND HEALTH POLICY 2014; 12:497-510. [PMID: 25060829 PMCID: PMC4175431 DOI: 10.1007/s40258-014-0115-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast, cervical and colorectal cancers are the three most frequent cancers in women, while lung, prostate and colorectal cancers are the most frequent in men. Much attention has been given to the economic evaluation of pharmaceuticals for treatment of cancer by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in the UK and similar authorities internationally, while economic analysis developed for other types of anti-cancer interventions, including radiotherapy and surgery, are less common. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to review methods used in published cost-effectiveness studies evaluating radiotherapy for breast, cervical, colorectal, head and neck and prostate cancer, and to compare the economic evaluation methods applied with those defined in the guidelines used by the NICE technology appraisal programme. METHODS A systematic search of seven databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CDSR, NHSEED, HTA, DARE, EconLit) as well as research registers, the NICE website and conference proceedings was conducted in July 2012. Only economic evaluations of radiotherapy interventions in individuals diagnosed with cancer that included quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) or life-years (LYs) were included. Included studies were appraised on the basis of satisfying essential, preferred and UK-specific methods requirements, building on the NICE Reference Case for economic evaluations and on other methods guidelines. RESULTS A total of 29 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria (breast 14, colorectal 2, prostate 10, cervical 0, head and neck 3). Only two studies were conducted in the UK (13 in the USA). Among essential methods criteria, the main issue was that only three (10%) of the studies used clinical-effectiveness estimates identified through systematic review of the literature. Similarly, only eight (28%) studies sourced health-related quality-of-life data directly from patients with the condition of interest. Other essential criteria (e.g. clear description of comparators, patient group indication and appropriate time horizon) were generally fulfilled, while most of the UK-specific requirements were not met. CONCLUSION Based on this review there is a dearth of up-to-date, robust evidence on the cost effectiveness of radiotherapy in cancer suitable to support decision making in the UK. Studies selected did not fully satisfy essential method standards currently recommended by NICE.
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Kessler L, Adams R, Mighion L, Walther S, Ganguly A. Prenatal diagnosis in haemophilia A: experience of the genetic diagnostic laboratory. Haemophilia 2014; 20:e384-91. [PMID: 25196590 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The paper describes the experience of the Genetic Diagnostic Laboratory in prenatal testing for haemophilia A, an X-linked recessive disease caused by mutations in the F8 gene. Knowledge of a familial mutation prior to pregnancy can benefit prenatal diagnosis and decrease wait time for molecular testing during pregnancy. This is a retrospective review of a series of pregnant women who pursued F8 gene testing from December 1997 through May 2012, highlighting three cases, which demonstrate the technical complexities of analysis and the implications of not knowing carrier status prior to pregnancy. Mutations of the F8 gene were detected in affected males, obligate female carriers and suspected female carriers by DNA sequencing, inverse-PCR, qRT-PCR, Southern blot and exonic dosage analysis. The same methods were used to analyse prenatal samples from obligate or suspected female carriers upon request. Maternal cell contamination studies were performed for all prenatal samples analysed. Ninety-nine women pursued F8 testing during pregnancy, either for carrier status alone or carrier status and prenatal diagnosis. Ninety-one women (91%) requested carrier testing because they did not know their F8 mutation carrier status prior to pregnancy. Eight women requested prenatal diagnosis only, and only 4 of these were aware of their mutation status. Thirty-seven individuals were found to be mutation carriers. Forty-two prenatal samples were received for prenatal diagnosis. In total 21 foetuses were identified as mutation carriers. Mutation detection was complex and increased the turnaround time in some cases. Only four of 99 women who submitted samples for F8 testing were aware of their F8 mutation status prior to pregnancy. Knowledge of F8 mutation status prior to pregnancy allows for efficient prenatal diagnosis, when desired. Thus, preconception genetic counselling is required to inform patients of the available options and the complex and time-consuming nature of F8 testing.
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Ciardiello F, Tabernero J, Seufferlein T, Taïeb J, Moiseyenko V, Ma B, López G, Esser R, Adams R. Physicians' Awareness and Understanding of Personalized Medicine in the Treatment of Cancer and Its Adoption in Clinical Practice: a Multinational Survey. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu438.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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86
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Gwynne S, Spezi E, Maggs R, Parsons P, Crosby T, Adams R, Mukherjee S, Nixon L, Ray R, Miles E, Sebag-Montefiore D, Staffurth J. Progress Towards Prospective Real-Time Review of Outlining in GI Trials at a UK Radiation Therapy Quality Assurance Center. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.2138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zboray R, Mor I, Dangendorf V, Stark M, Tittelmeier K, Cortesi M, Adams R. High-frame rate imaging of two-phase flow in a thin rectangular channel using fast neutrons. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 90:122-31. [PMID: 24709611 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have demonstrated the feasibility of performing high-frame-rate, fast neutron radiography of air-water two-phase flows in a thin channel with rectangular cross section. The experiments have been carried out at the accelerator facility of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt. A polychromatic, high-intensity fast neutron beam with average energy of 6 MeV was produced by 11.5 MeV deuterons hitting a thick Be target. Image sequences down to 10 ms exposure times were obtained using a fast-neutron imaging detector developed in the context of fast-neutron resonance imaging. Different two-phase flow regimes such as bubbly slug and churn flows have been examined. Two phase flow parameters like the volumetric gas fraction, bubble size and mean bubble velocities have been measured. The first results are promising, improvements for future experiments are also discussed.
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Yu S, Appleton S, Adams R, Chapman I, Wittert G, Visvanathan T, Visvanathan R. Sarcopenia in community dwelling older Australians. Eur Geriatr Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2013.07.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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89
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Adams R, May H, Swift L, Bhattacharya D. Do older patients find multi-compartment medication devices easy to use and which are the easiest? Age Ageing 2013; 42:715-20. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/aft113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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90
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Adams R, Brown GT, Davidson M, Fisher E, Mathisen J, Thomson G, Webster NR. Efficacy of dexmedetomidine compared with midazolam for sedation in adult intensive care patients: a systematic review. Br J Anaesth 2013; 111:703-10. [PMID: 23748199 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aet194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) often require sedatives which commonly include midazolam and the more recently developed α2-receptor agonist, dexmedetomidine. It was our aim to compare the sedative and clinical effectiveness of dexmedetomidine vs midazolam in adults admitted to ICU, using an objective appraisal of randomized control trials. Medline, Embase, SCOPUS, Web of Knowledge, Cinhal, the United States National Library of Medicine, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched using keywords: 'dexmedetomidine', 'midazolam', and 'intensive care'. These were limited to human studies and adults (>18 yr old). Six randomized controlled trials were found and were critically appraised using a standardized appraisal method. Two papers described the time spent by each intervention group within a specified target sedation range and both found no statistically significant difference between midazolam and dexmedetomidine (P=0.18 and P=0.15). A third paper found no statistically significant difference in the length of time that patients were sedated within a target zone (P=0.445). Two additional pilot studies did not report P values as they were insufficiently statistically powered. A final paper found that, of the eight occasions measured, patients on dexmedetomidine were more often within the target sedation range than patients on midazolam. The sedative benefits of dexmedetomidine vs midazolam remain inconclusive. While some secondary outcomes showed clinical effectiveness of dexmedetomidine, more research is needed to validate the findings of these studies.
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Adams R. Slightly rose-tinted. Br Dent J 2013; 214:540. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2013.538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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92
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Adams R, Tsorman N, Stratford K, Akman O, Gilmore S, Juty N, Le Novère N, Millar A, Millar A. The Input Signal Step Function (ISSF), a standard method to encode input signals in SBML models with software support, applied to circadian clock models. J Biol Rhythms 2012; 27:328-32. [PMID: 22855577 PMCID: PMC3423168 DOI: 10.1177/0748730412451077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Time-dependent light input is an important feature of computational models of the circadian clock. However, publicly available models encoded in standard representations such as the Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) either do not encode this input or use different mechanisms to do so, which hinders reproducibility of published results as well as model reuse. The authors describe here a numerically continuous function suitable for use in SBML for models of circadian rhythms forced by periodic light-dark cycles. The Input Signal Step Function (ISSF) is broadly applicable to encoding experimental manipulations, such as drug treatments, temperature changes, or inducible transgene expression, which may be transient, periodic, or mixed. It is highly configurable and is able to reproduce a wide range of waveforms. The authors have implemented this function in SBML and demonstrated its ability to modify the behavior of publicly available models to accurately reproduce published results. The implementation of ISSF allows standard simulation software to reproduce specialized circadian protocols, such as the phase-response curve. To facilitate the reuse of this function in public models, the authors have developed software to configure its behavior without any specialist knowledge of SBML. A community-standard approach to represent the inputs that entrain circadian clock models could particularly facilitate research in chronobiology.
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Dickson T, Waddington G, Trathen S, Baltis D, Adams R. Investigating risk factors in paediatric snowsport injuries: Characterisation of head impacts. J Sci Med Sport 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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94
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Witchalls J, Newman P, Waddington G, Adams R, Blanch P. Functional performance deficits associated with ligamentous instability at the ankle. J Sci Med Sport 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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95
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Church J, Adams R, Marks L. Quality Assurance in Clinical Radiation Therapy: A Qualitative Assessment of the Impact of Physician Attendance on the Number/Nature of Peer Review-defined Changes to Planned Cases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.1419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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96
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Chenu A, Adams R, Mikityuk K, Chawla R. Analysis of selected Phenix EOL tests with the FAST code system – Part I: Control-rod-shift experiments. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2012.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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97
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Daniel M, Paquet C, Howard N, Coffee N, Taylor A, Adams R, Hugo G. Obesity and built environment: Does the association hold longitudinally? Obes Res Clin Pract 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2012.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Baldock K, Paquet C, Howard N, Coffee N, Hugo G, Taylor A, Adams R, Daniel M. Greater perceived distance to fresh food retailers and physical activity resources is associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome in a population-based sample. Obes Res Clin Pract 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2012.08.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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99
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Kveraga K, Boshyan J, Adams R, Hamalainen M, Hadjikhani N, Bar M, Feldman Barrett L. Spatiotemporal dynamics and neural synchrony during perception of threatening vs. merely negative visual scenes. J Vis 2012. [DOI: 10.1167/12.9.594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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100
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Schreiber E, Hannum W, Zeman E, Kostich M, Tracton G, Church J, Dean R, Adams R. WE-G-BRA-01: Development of a Web-Based Dosimetry Training Tool for Therapy and Dosimetry Education. Med Phys 2012; 39:3969. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4736196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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