76
|
Kandagor V, Cela CJ, Sanders CA, Greenbaum E, Lazzi G, Humayun MS, Zhou DM, Castro R, Gaikwad S, Little J. Spatial characterization of electric potentials generated by pulsed microelectrode arrays. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2010; 2010:6243-6246. [PMID: 21097346 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2010.5628058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This presentation is a report on the in situ characterization of stimulating microelectrodes in the context of multielectrode retinal prosthetic implants. The experimental system approximately replicates the geometric and electrical parameters of Second Sight Medical Products' Argus II Retinal Implant. Topographic maps of electric potentials have been prepared for a 60 electrode structure in which selected electrodes were stimulated with biphasic repetitively pulsed charge densities at 100 microC·cm(-2). Surface contour maps were prepared using a 10 microm diameter recording electrode.
Collapse
|
77
|
Santos VM, Castro RA, Lima CC, Moraes MB, Sugai TAM. Skin eruption and thrombocytopaenia in a woman with glaucoma: a case report. W INDIAN MED J 2010; 59:102-105. [PMID: 20931926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic and non-antibiotic sulphonamides are often prescribed. Although chemical differences make cross-reactivity rare, reactions may be severe in patients allergic to sulphur. Adverse reactions are common with sulphonamides but low platelets and skin changes are rarely associated with eye-drops for glaucoma. A woman treated with dorzolamide and timolol presented with disseminated eruption. On admission, her physical examination was unremarkable except for the skin changes and severe thrombocytopaenia was detected. Skin biopsy showed hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, perivascular and periadnexal infiltrates with no vasculitis. After discontinuation of eye-drops, the eruption improved but low platelets persisted. Skin changes reappeared with use of dapsone which suggested sulphonamide cross-reactivity.
Collapse
|
78
|
Hwang SM, Li J, Koo NY, Choi SY, Lee SJ, Oh SB, Castro R, Kim JS, Park K. Role of purinergic receptor in alpha fodrin degradation in Par C5 cells. J Dent Res 2009; 88:927-32. [PMID: 19783801 DOI: 10.1177/0022034509342227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies specific for alpha-fodrin fragments are found in the tissues of persons afflicted with Sjögren's syndrome (SS). However, the mechanism for alpha-fodrin degradation remains elusive. The following experiments utilized Par C5 cells to examine the role of P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) in apoptosis, particularly in the cleavage and release of alpha-fodrin, an apparent SS autoantigen. Five mM ATP stimulation induced apoptotic cell death with a sustained Ca2+ influx, which was mimicked in HEK cells transfected with P2X7R. ATP also induced cleavage of alpha-fodrin mediated by caspase-3 and calpain, releasing alpha-fodrin fragments through membrane blebs. However, both apoptotic cell death and alpha-fodrin cleavage were inhibited in the presence of 300 microM oxidized-ATP (ox-ATP), an irreversible blocker of P2X7R, or in Ca(2+)-free solution. We concluded that P2X7R plays an important role in apoptosis and alpha-fodrin degradation in salivary epithelial cells, providing an important clue elucidating the presence of alpha-fodrin fragments in SS tissues.
Collapse
|
79
|
Roehrborn C, Barkin J, Siami P, Tubaro A, Damião R, Gagnier R, Castro R, Morrill B, Nandy I, Montorsi F. Effects of combination therapy with dutasteride and tamsulosin on clinical outcomes in men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia: Four-year results from the CombAT study. JOURNAL OF MEN'S HEALTH 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jomh.2009.08.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
80
|
Roehrborn C, Tubaro A, Barkin J, Wilson T, Gagnier R, Castro R, Rittmaster R. Effect of dutasteride on the detection of prostate cancer in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia in the Combination of Avodart and Tamsulosin (CombAT) trial. JOURNAL OF MEN'S HEALTH 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jomh.2009.08.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
81
|
Carballido J, Fourcade R, Pagliarulo A, Cricelli C, Brenes F, Pedromingo-Marino A, Castro R. Can simple tests performed in the primary care setting provide accurate and efficient diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia? Rationale and design of the Diagnosis Improvement in Primary Care Trial. Int J Clin Pract 2009; 63:1192-7. [PMID: 19558487 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2009.02092.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) improves lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and patient quality of life, and reduces the risk of complications arising from disease progression. However, treatment can only be initiated when men with BPH are identified by accurate diagnostic tests. Current evidence suggests that diagnostic procedures employed by primary care physicians vary widely across Europe. The expected increases in BPH prevalence accompanying the gradual aging of the population, coupled with greater use of medical therapy, mean that general practitioners (GPs) are likely to have an increasingly important role in managing the condition. The GP/primary care clinic is therefore an attractive target location for strategies designed to improve the accuracy of BPH diagnosis. The Diagnosis Improvement in Primary Care Trial (D-IMPACT) is a prospective, multicentre, epidemiological study that aims to identify the optimal subset of simple tests applied by GPs in the primary care setting to diagnose BPH in men who spontaneously report obstructive (voiding) and/or irritative (storage) LUTS. These tests comprise medical history, symptom assessment with the International Prostate Symptom Score questionnaire, urinalysis, measurement of serum levels of prostate-specific antigen and subjective GP diagnosis after completing all tests including digital rectal examination. GP diagnoses and all other tests will be compared with gold-standard diagnoses provided by specialist urologists following completion of additional diagnostic tests. D-IMPACT will establish the diagnostic performance using a non-subjective and reproducible algorithm. An adjusted and multivariate analysis of the results of D-IMPACT will allow identification of the most efficient combination of tests that facilitate accurate BPH diagnosis in the primary care setting. In addition, D-IMPACT will estimate the prevalence of BPH in patients who present spontaneously to GPs with LUTS.
Collapse
|
82
|
Castro R, Vega J, Pereira A, Portas A. Data distribution architecture based on standard real time protocol. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.12.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
83
|
Castro R, Sun XH, Liu XB, Martinez JR, Zhang GH. Inhibition of Ca2+ influx by surfactant in NR8383 alveolar macrophages. Inflamm Res 2009; 57:489-96. [PMID: 18827971 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-008-6214-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pulmonary surfactants reduce alveolar surface tension and alter inflammatory cell function. We studied the effects of surfactant preparations on Ca2+ influx regulated by protein kinase C (PKC) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and cytokine secretion in the alveolar macrophage (AM) cell line NR8383. METHODS Fura-2-loaded AMs were stimulated with zymosan (200 microg/ml), 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol (DOG, 20 microM) or C6-ceramide (C6C, 10 microM) in the presence of exogenous surfactants (beractant, calfactant or colfosceril) or surfactant phospholipid (dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, DPPC), at 250 microg/ml phospholipid and changes in cytosolic free Ca2+ (Delta[Ca2+]i) and cytokines were measured. RESULTS Zymosan-induced Delta[Ca2+]i (117 +/- 5 nM) at 3 min was reduced (p <0.001) by beractant (50 +/- 6 nM), colfosceril (61 +/- 2 nM), calfactant (46 +/- 5 nM), and DPPC (52 +/- 5 nM). Beractant inhibited the Delta[Ca2+]i by PKC stimulation with DOG and all preparations reduced the MAPK-induced Ca2+ influx by C6C. Beractant and Ca2+ channel blocker SKF 96365 (10 microM) together abolished the zymosan-stimulated Delta[Ca2+]i. Zymosan-stimulated TNF-alpha and IL-1beta secretion was also inhibited by surfactant pretreatment. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that exogenous surfactant inhibits Ca2+ influx and cytokine secretion in zymosan-stimulated AMs. This anti-inflammatory activity may be through an interaction with downstream signaling elements or Ca2+ channels.
Collapse
|
84
|
Fructuoso M, Castro R, Oliveira L, Prata C, Morgado T. [Infection in haemodialysis catheters: a retrospective examination]. Nefrologia 2009; 29:176-177. [PMID: 19396328 DOI: 10.3265/nefrologia.2009.29.2.4973.en.full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
|
85
|
Castro R, Baptista T, Vale A, Nunes H, Prieto E, Mansinho K, da Luz Martins Pereira F. Anorectal lymphogranuloma venereum: the first two confirmed cases in Portugal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 13. [PMID: 19087868 DOI: 10.2807/ese.13.50.19060-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We describe two cases of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) in men who have sex with men in Portugal in 2008. These first two confirmed cases of LGV L2b proctitis in Portugal highlight the need for an enhanced surveillance programme in Portugal.
Collapse
|
86
|
Singh V, Roy A, Castro R, McClure K, Dai R, Agrawal R, Greenberg RJ, Weiland JD, Humayun MS, Lazzi G. On the thermal elevation of a 60-electrode epiretinal prosthesis for the blind. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2008; 2:289-300. [PMID: 23853132 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2008.2003430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the thermal elevation in the human body due to the operation of a dual-unit epiretinal prosthesis to restore partial vision to the blind affected by irreversible retinal degeneration is presented. An accurate computational model of a 60-electrode device dissipating 97 mW power, currently under clinical trials is developed and positioned in a 0.25 mm resolution, heterogeneous model of the human head to resemble actual conditions of operation of the prosthesis. A novel simple finite difference scheme combining the explicit and the alternating-direction implicit (ADI) method has been developed and validated with existing methods. Simulation speed improvement up to 11 times was obtained for the the head model considered in this work with very good accuracy. Using this method, solutions of the bioheat equation were obtained for different placements of the implant. Comparison with in-vivo experimental measurements showed good agreement.
Collapse
|
87
|
Castro R, Lamas J, Morais P, Sanmartín M, Orallo F, Leiro J. Resveratrol modulates innate and inflammatory responses in fish leucocytes. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 126:9-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2008] [Revised: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
88
|
Piazzón C, Lamas J, Castro R, Budiño B, Cabaleiro S, Sanmartín M, Leiro J. Antigenic and cross-protection studies on two turbot scuticociliate isolates. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 25:417-424. [PMID: 18602012 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2008.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Revised: 05/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The protection induced in turbot by inactivated vaccines containing either of two isolates (I(1) and C(1)) of the scuticociliate parasite Philasterides dicentrarchi, which causes important mortalities in turbot cultures, was evaluated in the present study. The results obtained after challenging the fish with the two isolates show that vaccination protected fish only against the homologous isolate, but did not confer cross-protection. The two isolates constitute two serotypes, as shown in the immobilization tests with mouse and turbot anti-I(1) and anti-C(1) antisera, in which only the homologous antisera immobilized the ciliates. ELISA assays, using total antigen free of proteases (TAWP), cytosolic antigens (CYA), ciliar antigens (CA) or membrane protein fraction (MPF), were also carried out. Differences in the levels of antibodies produced in mouse against the homologous and heterologous antigens were observed; these differences were significantly different when the antigen preparations used in the ELISA were TAWP, CYA or CA. Nevertheless, ELISA assays using turbot sera against TAWP did not show significant differences in the levels of antibodies against the homologous and heterologous antigens. Antigenic cross-reactivity was also detected in the Western blot assays, as well as significant differences in the patterns of antigenic recognition in the two isolates - in both reduced and non-reduced TAWP antigens, but which was noteworthy when mouse antisera were used. The results obtained in the present study demonstrate for the first time the existence of serotypes of the ciliate parasite of turbot Philasterides dicentrarchi that display clear antigenic differences, which must be taken into consideration in the future development of a vaccine against scuticociliatosis.
Collapse
|
89
|
Martins SB, Oliveira E, Castro RA, Sartori MG, Baracat EC, Lima GR, Girao MJ. Clinical and urodynamic evaluation in women with stress urinary incontinence treated by periurethral collagen injection. Int Braz J Urol 2008; 33:695-702; discussion 702-3. [PMID: 17980068 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-55382007000500012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the success of treatment with periurethral collagen injections in patients suffering from stress urinary incontinence (SUI) with bladder neck hypermobility and intrinsic sphincter deficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty women suffering from (SUI) were selected and divided into GI (consisting of 13 women with SUI and bladder neck hypermobility) and GII (consisting of 27 women with SUI and intrinsic sphincter deficiency). Periurethral collagen was injected followed by a subjective evaluation (the need for urinary protectors) and an objective evaluation through urodynamic study before and after the treatment. RESULTS It was noticed that after 9 months there was a decrease in the need of urinary protectors in the two groups. It was observed through the urodynamic study that either cure or improvement was achieved in 46% in GI and 40.7% in GII. There was a significant increase in the leak pressure in GII. Moreover, there was a decrease in the volume of urine leak in the two groups, being the results in GII statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that the periurethral collagen injection is useful for the treatment of the SUI. The results in hypermobility are similar to those in intrinsic sphincter deficiency. In fact, it is a very simple out patient's procedure, with little side effects.
Collapse
|
90
|
Emberton M, Cornel EB, Bassi PF, Fourcade RO, Gómez JMF, Castro R. Benign prostatic hyperplasia as a progressive disease: a guide to the risk factors and options for medical management. Int J Clin Pract 2008; 62:1076-86. [PMID: 18479366 PMCID: PMC2440415 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2008.01785.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a complex disease that is progressive in many men. BPH is commonly associated with bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms; progressive disease can also result in complications such as acute urinary retention (AUR) and BPH-related surgery. It is therefore important to identify men at increased risk of BPH progression to optimise therapy. Several factors are associated with progression, including age and prostate volume (PV). Serum prostate-specific antigen level is closely correlated with PV, making it useful for determining the risk of BPH progression. Medical therapy is the most frequently used treatment for BPH. 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors impact the underlying disease and decrease PV; this results in improved symptoms, urinary flow and quality of life, and a reduced risk of AUR and BPH-related surgery. Alpha-blockers achieve rapid symptom relief but do not reduce the overall risk of AUR or BPH-related surgery, presumably because they have no effect on PV. Combination therapy provides greater and more durable benefits than either monotherapy and is a recommended option in treatment guidelines. The Combination of Avodart and Tamsulosin (CombAT) study is currently evaluating the combination of dutasteride with tamsulosin over 4 years in a population of men at increased risk of BPH progression. A preplanned 2-year analysis has shown sustained symptom improvement with combination therapy, significantly greater than with either monotherapy. CombAT is also the first study to show benefit in improving BPH symptoms for combination therapy over the alpha-blocker, tamsulosin, from 9 months of treatment.
Collapse
|
91
|
Castro R, Regueira T, Aguirre ML, Llanos OP, Bruhn A, Bugedo G, Dougnac A, Castillo L, Andresen M, Hernández G. An evidence-based resuscitation algorithm applied from the emergency room to the ICU improves survival of severe septic shock. Minerva Anestesiol 2008; 74:223-231. [PMID: 18356807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Septic shock is highly lethal. We recently implemented an algorithm (advanced resuscitation algorithm for septic shock, ARAS 1) with a global survival of 67%, but with a very high mortality (72%) in severe cases [norepinephrine (NE) requirements >0.3 microg/kg/min for mean arterial pressure > or =70 mmHg]. As new therapies with different levels of evidence were proposed [steroids, drotrecogin alpha, high-volume hemofiltration (HVHF)], we incorporated them according to severity (NE requirements; algorithm ARAS-2), and constructed a multidisciplinary team to manage these patients from the emergency room (ER) to the ICU. The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of severe septic shock patients under both protocols. METHODS Adult patients with severe septic shock were enrolled consecutively and managed prospectively with ARAS-1 (1999-2001), and ARAS-2 (2002-05). ARAS-2 incorporates HVHF for intractable shock. RESULTS Thirty-three patients were managed with each protocol, without statistical differences in baseline demographics, APACHE II (22.2 vs 23.8), SOFA (11.4 vs 12.7) and NE peak levels (0.62 vs 0.8 microg/kg/min). The 28-day mortality and epinephrine use were higher with ARAS-1 (72.7% vs 48.5%; 87.9% vs 18.2 %); and low-dose steroids (35.9% vs 72.7%), drotrecogin (0 vs 15 %) and HVHF use (3.0% vs 39.4%) were higher for ARAS-2 (P<0.05 for all). CONCLUSION Management of severe septic shock with a multidisciplinary team and an updated protocol (according to the best current evidence), with precise entry criteria for every intervention at different stages of severity, may improve survival in these patients. Multidisciplinary management, rationalization of the use of vasoactives and rescue therapy based on HVHF instead of epinephrine may have contributed to these RESULTS Management of severe septic shock with these kinds of algorithms is feasible and should be encouraged.
Collapse
|
92
|
Suwalsky M, Castro R, Villena F, Sotomayor C. Cr(III) exerts stronger structural effects than Cr(VI) on the human erythrocyte membrane and molecular models. J Inorg Biochem 2008; 102:842-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2007.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2007] [Revised: 11/27/2007] [Accepted: 11/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
93
|
Castro R, Vega J, Portas A, López D, Balme S, Theis J, Lebourg P, Fernandes H, Neto A, Duarte A, Oliveira F, Reis F, Purahoo K, Thomsen K, Schiller W, Kadlecsik J. PAPI based federation as a test-bed for a common security infrastructure in EFDA sites. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2007.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
94
|
Sanmartín ML, Paramá A, Castro R, Cabaleiro S, Leiro J, Lamas J, Barja JL. Vaccination of turbot, Psetta maxima (L.), against the protozoan parasite Philasterides dicentrarchi: effects on antibody production and protection. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2008; 31:135-140. [PMID: 18234021 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2007.00876.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of a vaccine against the fish pathogen Philasterides dicentrarchi was evaluated in turbot by measuring the production of specific antibodies and duration of protection. Four groups of turbot were vaccinated twice, on days 0 and 30, with phosphate-buffered saline, mineral oil adjuvant, antigen or antigen plus adjuvant. Specific serum antibodies were determined on day 0 and 1 month after the first and the second vaccinations. Protection was evaluated 1 month after the first vaccination and 1 and 5 months after the second vaccination. Serum antibody titres, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and protection, assessed by challenges, increased significantly 1 month after the second vaccination in the group injected with antigen plus adjuvant and the protection lasted for at least a further 5 months in this group. The relative protection was 77% and 66% 1 and 5 months after the second vaccination, respectively. Administration of antigen or adjuvant separately had no effect on antibody response or protection. The results indicate that emulsion containing antigen plus adjuvant induced durable protection against P. dicentrarchi after the administration of the two vaccinations, and that this preparation can be used as a vaccine against the pathogen.
Collapse
|
95
|
Castro R, Andresen M, Ruiz C, Gonzalez A, Diaz O, Mercado M, Meneses L, Fava M, Cordova S. Pro-brain natriuretic peptide as a marker of successful thrombolysis in patients with submassive pulmonary thromboembolism. Crit Care 2008. [PMCID: PMC4088813 DOI: 10.1186/cc6663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
96
|
Paramá A, Castro R, Arranz JA, Sanmartín ML, Lamas J, Leiro J. Scuticociliate cysteine proteinases modulate turbot leucocyte functions. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 23:945-56. [PMID: 17761435 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2007.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2006] [Revised: 01/22/2007] [Accepted: 02/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The effects exerted by cysteine proteinases isolated from the histiophagous ciliate Philasterides dicentrarchi on the phagocytic functions of turbot pronephric leucocytes (PL) were investigated. The enzymes were tested at concentrations of 125, 250 and 500 microg ml(-1), and it was found that the viability of the leucocytes was not affected after treatment for 24h. Leucocyte migration was inhibited by the cysteine proteinases in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the ascitic fluid obtained from turbot experimentally infected with P. dicentrarchi induced high chemotactic activity in the turbot PL. The proteinases did not affect yeast cell phagocytosis but increased intracellular production of the superoxide anion (O2(-)). Stimulation with the proteinases did not alter the PGE2 levels in supernatants from 24-h cultures of PL, however, beta-glucans (100 microg ml(-1)) provoked a large increase in PGE2 levels, which were inhibited after addition of 10 microg ml(-1) of indomethacin, a non-selective inhibitor of COX2 enzymatic activity. The mean PGE2 level in ascitic fluid from turbot, experimentally infected with P. dicentrarchi, was 500 pg ml(-1), and the addition of low levels of PGE2 (62.5 pg ml(-1)) to PL cultures stimulated O2(-) production, although addition of PGE2 at concentrations higher than 250 pg ml(-1) blocked the increase in stimulation. Addition of cysteine proteinases to 24-h cultures of PL also increased mRNA levels in the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta. The results revealed the capacity of cysteine proteinases isolated from P. dicentrarchi to modulate the innate immune response of turbot, which together with the inflammation mediators produced during infection, may play an important role in pathogenesis of the disease and in the survival of the parasite.
Collapse
|
97
|
Urban TJ, Brown C, Castro RA, Shah N, Mercer R, Huang Y, Brett CM, Burchard EG, Giacomini KM. Effects of genetic variation in the novel organic cation transporter, OCTN1, on the renal clearance of gabapentin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2007; 83:416-21. [PMID: 17609685 DOI: 10.1038/sj.clpt.6100271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gabapentin is an anticonvulsant that is widely prescribed for epilepsy and other neuropathic disorders. The pharmacokinetics, particularly the absorption and renal elimination, of gabapentin appear to involve membrane transporters. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that organic cation transporter 1 (OCTN1), a multispecific transporter expressed at the apical membrane in intestine and kidney, plays a role in gabapentin pharmacokinetics and that the common variant of OCTN1, OCTN1-L503F, contributes to variation in the pharmacokinetics of the drug. We observed that OCTN1 facilitates the Na+-independent transport of gabapentin, and that the OCTN1-L503F variant is deficient in gabapentin transport activity in stably transfected HEK-293 cells (fourfold enhanced uptake of gabapentin by OCTN1-503L vs twofold enhanced uptake by OCTN1-L503F, compared to mock-transfected cells). In clinical studies, we found that in subjects homozygous for the L503F variant, gabapentin renal clearance (CL(R)) approximates the glomerular filtration rate (mean+/-SE: 110+/-12 ml/min, n=9), whereas in subjects homozygous for the reference allele, gabapentin undergoes net secretion in the kidney (141+/-7.8 ml/min, n=11, P<0.05). Creatinine clearance and OCTN1 genotype accounted for 56% of the variation in CL(R) and were the only significant predictors of CL(R) (P<0.05). Importantly, OCTN1 genotype was the only significant predictor of net secretion of gabapentin (P<0.008). Oral bioavailability of gabapentin was not affected by OCTN1 genotype. We conclude that OCTN1 contributes to active tubular secretion of gabapentin, and that this effect may be diminished or absent in individuals carrying the OCTN1-L503F polymorphism. These results provide clinical evidence of the role of genetic variation in renal drug transporters in active drug secretion in vivo.
Collapse
|
98
|
Shu Y, Brown C, Castro RA, Shi RJ, Lin ET, Owen RP, Sheardown SA, Yue L, Burchard EG, Brett CM, Giacomini KM. Effect of genetic variation in the organic cation transporter 1, OCT1, on metformin pharmacokinetics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2007; 83:273-80. [PMID: 17609683 PMCID: PMC2976713 DOI: 10.1038/sj.clpt.6100275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine the effects of genetic variation in the organic cation transporter 1, OCT1, on the pharmacokinetics of the antidiabetic drug, metformin. Twenty healthy volunteers with known OCT1 genotype agreed to participate in the study. Each subject received two oral doses of metformin followed by collection of blood and urine samples. OCT1 genotypes had a significant (P<0.05) effect on metformin pharmacokinetics, with a higher area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), higher maximal plasma concentration (Cmax), and lower oral volume of distribution (V/F) in the individuals carrying a reduced function OCT1 allele (R61C, G401S, 420del, or G465R). The effect of OCT1 on metformin pharmacokinetics in mice was less than in humans possibly reflecting species differences in hepatic expression level of the transporter. Our studies suggest that OCT1 genotype is a determinant of metformin pharmacokinetics.
Collapse
|
99
|
Castro R, Paramá A, Barja JL, Leiro J, Sanmartin ML, Lamas J. Culture of the histophagous ciliate Philasterides dicentrarchi (Ciliophora: Scuticociliatia) in fish tissues. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2007; 30:239-42. [PMID: 17394526 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2007.00801.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
|
100
|
Ozawa M, Terasaki PI, Lee JH, Castro R, Alberu J, Alonso C, Alvarez I, Toledo R, Alvez H, Monterio M, Teixeira J, Campbell P, Ciszek M, Charron D, Gautreau C, Christiansen F, Conca R, Gomez B, Monteon F, Grosse-Wilde H, Heinemann F, Humar I, Kamoun M, Kimball P, Kobayashi T, Kupatawintu P, Leech S, LeFor W, Mehra N, Panigrahi A, Naumova E, Norman D, Piazza A, Poli F, Colombo B, Roy R, Schonemann C, Sireci G, Tanabe K, Ishida H, Van den Berg-Loonen E, Zeevi A. 14th International HLA and Immunogenetics Workshop: Report on the Prospective Chronic Rejection Project. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 69 Suppl 1:174-9. [PMID: 17445195 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00765.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
An international collaborative study of 45 transplant centers was undertaken at the 14th International HLA (human leukocyte antigen) and Immunogenetics Workshop to see if HLA antibodies detected posttransplant are predictive of chronic graft failure. With the newly developed assay, MICA (major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A) antibodies were also measured and their effect analyzed. Total of 5219 sera from patients who were more than 6 months posttransplant with functioning graft were tested for HLA antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, or Luminex. HLA antibodies were found in 27.2% of kidney patients, 23.6% in the liver, 52.7% in the heart, and 21.7% in the lung. The method of antibody testing did not have a marked influence on the frequency of antibodies detected. MICA antibodies were detected in 15% of kidney patients, 30% of heart patients, and 31% of liver patients. Among 948 kidney patients who had HLA antibodies, 7.3% had rejected their graft within 1 year of testing, compared with 1.7% in 2615 patients without HLA antibodies (P= 0.8 x 10(-17)). Death occurred in 1.4% of total kidney patients and did not correlate to the presence of antibodies. We conclude that patients with posttransplant HLA antibodies indeed have a higher rate of chronic graft failure and that posttransplant antibodies are predictive of chronic rejection.
Collapse
|