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Angus C, Beneke R. The Blood Lactate Response to Short-Term Maximal Sprinting Exercise in Children and Adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200605001-01810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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77
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Beneke R, Leithauser RM, Micklewright D, Jumah MD. Teleoanticipation - Strategic Concept or Immediate Feed Forward / Feed Backward Control? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200605001-02338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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78
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Leithauser RM, Hütler M, Beneke R. Optimization of Cardio Pulmonary Exercise Testing in Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200605001-02406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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79
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Alkhatib A, Beneke R, Beneke R. Effects of Cycling Cadence on Pyruvate Combustion. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200605001-03039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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80
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Wolframm IA, Shearman J, Micklewright D, Beneke R. The Effect of Rider Mood on Equine Dressage Performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200605001-01884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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81
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Yusof A, Beneke R, Leithauser R, Golding LA, Conway-Klaassen JM, Wilson MT. Damage to Erythrocyte Membranes during Extreme Endurance Events. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200605001-02635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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82
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Micklewright D, Alkhatib A, Beneke R. Mechanically versus electro-magnetically braked cycle ergometer: performance and energy cost of the Wingate Anaerobic Test. Eur J Appl Physiol 2006; 96:748-51. [PMID: 16468058 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-006-0145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Performance and metabolic profiles of the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) were compared between a mechanically resisted (ME) and an electro-magnetically braked (EE) cycle ergometer. Fifteen healthy subjects (24.0+/-3.5 years, 180.5+/-6.1 cm, 75.4+/-11.9 kg) performed a WAnT on ME, and EE 3 days apart. Performance was measured as peak power (PP), minimum power (MP), mean power (AP), time to PP (TTPP), fatigue rate (FR), and maximum cadence (RPM(MAX)). Lactic (W (LAC)) and alactic (W (PCR)) anaerobic energy were calculated from net lactate appearance and the fast component of post-exercise oxygen uptake. Aerobic metabolism (W (AER)) was calculated from oxygen uptake during the WAnT. Total energy cost (W (TOT)) was calculated as the sum of W (LAC), W (PCR), and W (AER). There was no difference between ME and EE in PP (873+/-159 vs. 931+/-193 W) or AP (633+/-89 vs. 630+/-89 W). In the EE condition TTPP (2.3+/-0.7 vs. 4.3+/-0.7 s) was longer (P<0.001), MP (464+/-78 vs. 388+/-57 W) was lower (P<0.001), FR (15.2+/-5.2 vs. 20.5+/-6.8%) was higher (P<0.005), and RPM(MAX) (168+/-18 vs. 128+/-15 rpm) was slower (P<0.001). There was no difference in W (TOT) (1,331+/-182 vs. 1,373+/-120 J kg(-1)), W (AER) (292+/-76 vs. 309+/-72 J kg(-1)), W (PCR) (495+/-153 vs. 515+/-111 J kg(-1)) or W (LAC) (545+/-132 vs. 549+/-141 J kg(-1)) between ME and EE devices. The EE produces distinctly different performance measures but valid metabolic WAnT results that may be used to evaluate anaerobic fitness.
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83
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Beneke R, Hütler M. The effect of training on running economy and performance in recreational athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006; 37:1794-9. [PMID: 16260983 DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000176399.67121.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the effect of an 8-wk training program on the energy cost of running (C) and the performance of 16 recreational males. METHODS A training group (TG, N = 8, 25.3 +/- 2.9 yr, 183.6 +/- 7.3 cm, 80.9 +/- 9.6 kg) and a control group (CG, N = 8, 24.3 +/- 3.7 yr, 179.3 +/- 6.1 cm, 75.5 +/- 8.0 kg) performed three two-stage tests (TST) at weeks 0, 4, and 8 (W0, W4, W8). Speeds of the first (v-slow) and second stage (v-fast) were 2.4 +/- 0.3 vs 2.5 +/- 0.4 m x s(-1) and 3.7 +/- 0.3 vs 3.9 +/- 0.4 m.s (TG vs CG), respectively. Maximum running time at v-fast (T) served as the measure of performance. C was calculated from oxygen uptake above rest, blood lactate concentration, and speed. The TG trained 3-5x wk(-1) at an HR of +/-10 beats of the HR measured at v-slow at W0 (161 +/- 12 bpm). The CG did not train. RESULTS At W0, there were no significant differences between the groups in T (377 +/- 47 vs 335 +/- 34 s) and C (v-slow: 4.1 +/- 0.3 vs 4.3 +/- 0.4 J x kg(-1) x m(-1); v-fast: 4.2 +/- 0.4 vs 4.0 +/- 0.4 J x kg(-1) x m(-1)). In the CG, T and C remained almost unchanged at W4 (363 +/- 38 s, 4.0 +/- 0.4 J x kg(-1) x m(-1)) and at W8 (342 +/- 49 s, 4.0 +/- 0.3 J x kg(-1) x m(-1)). In the TG, T increased (P < 0.05) at W4 (469 +/- 45 s) and at W8 (591 +/- 109 s). At v-fast, also C increased (P < 0.05) at W8 (4.6 +/- 0.4 J x kg(-1) x m(-1)), whereas at v-slow, C decreased (P < 0.05) at W4 (3.7 +/- 0.4 J x kg(-1) x m(-1)) with no further change at W8 (3.7 +/- 0.4 J x kg(-1) x m(-1)). CONCLUSION The training successfully increased running performance in terms of T. During the initial training period, C could be reduced at the speed predominantly used in training. However, at high running speeds, C may even increase if the corresponding running time is largely increased.
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Beneke R, Hütler M, Jung M, Leithäuser RM. Modeling the blood lactate kinetics at maximal short-term exercise conditions in children, adolescents, and adults. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2005; 99:499-504. [PMID: 16020438 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00062.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether age-related differences in blood lactate concentrations (BLC) reflect specific BLC kinetics was analyzed in 15 prepubescent boys (age 12.0 +/- 0.6 yr, height 1.54 +/- 0.06 m, body mass 40.0 +/- 5.2 kg), 12 adolescents (16.3 +/- 0.7 yr, 1.83 +/- 0.07 m, 68.2 +/- 7.5 kg), and 12 adults (27.2 +/- 4.5 yr, 1.83 +/- 0.06 m, 81.6 +/- 6.9 kg) by use of a biexponential four-parameter kinetics model under Wingate Anaerobic Test conditions. The model predicts the lactate generated in the extravasal compartment (A), invasion (k(1)), and evasion (k(2)) of lactate into and out of the blood compartment, the BLC maximum (BLC(max)), and corresponding time (TBLC(max)). BLC(max) and TBLC(max) were lower (P < 0.05) in boys (BLC(max) 10.2 +/- 1.3 mmol/l, TBLC(max) 4.1 +/- 0.4 min) than in adolescents (12.7 +/- 1.0 mmol/l, 5.5 +/- 0.7 min) and adults (13.7 +/- 1.4 mmol/l, 5.7 +/- 1.1 min). No differences were found in A related to the muscle mass (A(MM)) and k(1) between boys (A(MM): 22.8 +/- 2.7 mmol/l, k(1): 0.865 +/- 0.115 min(-1)), adolescents (22.7 +/- 1.3 mmol/l, 0.692 +/- 0.221 min(-1)), and adults (24.7 +/- 2.8 mmol/l, 0.687 +/- 0.287 min(-1)). The k(2) was higher (P < 0.01) in boys (2.87 10(-2) +/- 0.75 10(-2) min(-1)) than in adolescents (2.03 x 10(-2) +/- 0.89 x 10(-2) min(-1)) and adults (1.99 x 10(-2) +/- 0.93 x 10(-2) min(-1)). Age-related differences in the BLC kinetics are unlikely to reflect differences in muscular lactate or lactate invasion but partly faster elimination out of the blood compartment.
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85
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Böning D, Strobel G, Beneke R, Maassen N. Lactic Acid Still Remains the Real Cause of Exercise-Induced Metabolic Acidosis. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2005; 289:R902-3; author reply R904-910. [PMID: 16105825 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00069.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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86
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Beneke R, Bihn D, Hütler M, Leithäuser RM. Haemolysis caused by alterations of α- and β-spectrin after 10 to 35 min of severe exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2005; 95:307-12. [PMID: 16096844 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-005-0010-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of exercise related haemolysis is not thoroughly understood. We investigated whether exercise related haemolysis (1) is associated with alterations of red blood cell (RBC) membrane proteins similar to those found in inherited anaemic diseases, (2) can be induced with a non-running exercise mode, (3) is related to exercise intensity, and (4) coincides with indicators of oxidative stress. In ten triathletes [median (P25/P75-percentiles) age: 28.0 (26.3/28.5) years, height: 1.84 (1.78/1.87) m, body mass: 78.5 (74.8/80.8) kg, maximal oxygen uptake: 60.0 (57.3/64.8) ml kg(-1) min(-1)], haptoglobin, alpha- and beta-spectrin bands, malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2-induced chemiluminescence (H2O2-Chem) were determined immediately pre- and post-both, a 35 min low intensity and a high intensity cycling exercise [240 (218/253) vs 290 (270/300) W, P<0.05) requiring similar amounts of metabolic energy [28.3 (25.9/29.9) vs 24.9 (18.4/30.5) kJ kg(-1), P>0.05]. At high exercise intensity haptoglobin [1.10 (0.81/2.53) vs 1.01 (0.75/2.00) g l(-1)] decreased (P<0.05) whilst MDA [2.80 (2.65/3.20) vs 3.13 (2.78/3.31) nmol ml(-1)] and H2O2-Chem [29.70 (22.55/37.10) vs 37.25 (35.20/52.63) rel. U min] increased (P<0.05), coinciding with the disappearance of the spectrin bands in six out of ten gels. No corresponding changes were found at low intensity exercise. Ten to 35 min of non-running exercise in a regularly used intensity domain causes intra-vascular haemolysis associated with alterations in the RBC membrane proteins similar to those found after in vitro oxidative stress and in inherited anaemic diseases like Sphaerocytosis and Fanconi's anaemia.
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88
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Leithauser RM, Doppelmayr H, Doppelmayr M, Finkernagel H, von Duvillard SP, Golding LA, Roth HJ, Beneke R. Myocardial Stress After Ultra-Endurance Running In Extreme Heat. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200505001-01147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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89
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Micklewright D, Griffin M, Gladwell V, Beneke R. The Effect Of Selected Massaged Techniques On Mood State. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200505001-00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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90
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Beneke R, Jumah MD, Leithauser RM. 4-parameter Model To Analyse The Blood Lactate Response To Short-term All-out Exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200505001-00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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91
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Beneke R. 661. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200505001-00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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92
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Angus C, Onley E, Beneke R. Blood Lactate Kinetics Following Maximal Short-term Sprints In Children. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200505001-00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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93
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Barnett CJ, Beneke R. The Effect Of Pedaling Rates Upon Fat Metabolism Throughout Incremental Exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200505001-01965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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94
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Beneke R, Jumah MD, Leithauser RM. 4-parameter Model To Analyse The Blood Lactate Response To Short-term All-out Exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005. [DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200505001-00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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95
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Papadopoulou E, Sellens M, Hodges S, Lerthauser RM, Micklewright D, Beneke R. Dose Response Of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines And Cytokine-inhibiting Reactions In Long Distance Running. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200505001-01942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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96
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von Duvillard SP, Pokan R, Hofmann P, Wonisch M, Smekal G, Alkhatib A, Beneke R, Leithauser R. Comparing Blood Lactate Values Of Three Different Handheld Lactate Analyzers To YSI 1500 Lactate Analyzer. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200505001-00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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97
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Yusof A, Beneke R, Wilson MT. Damage To Erythrocyte Membrane Proteins Causes Hemolysis In Endurance Athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200505001-00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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98
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Alkhatib A, von Duvillard SP, Beneke R. Effects Of Cycling Cadence On Workload And Relative Intensity At Given Blood Lactate Concentrations. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200505001-00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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99
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Beneke R. Krafttraining – ausgewählte Methoden und ihre Wirkung. Complement Med Res 2004. [DOI: 10.1159/000058091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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100
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Von Duvillard SP, Braun WA, Markofski M, Beneke R, Leithäuser R. Fluids and hydration in prolonged endurance performance. Nutrition 2004; 20:651-6. [PMID: 15212747 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2004.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have confirmed that performance can be impaired when athletes are dehydrated. Endurance athletes should drink beverages containing carbohydrate and electrolyte during and after training or competition. Carbohydrates (sugars) favor consumption and Na(+) favors retention of water. Drinking during competition is desirable compared with fluid ingestion after or before training or competition only. Athletes seldom replace fluids fully due to sweat loss. Proper hydration during training or competition will enhance performance, avoid ensuing thermal stress, maintain plasma volume, delay fatigue, and prevent injuries associated with dehydration and sweat loss. In contrast, hyperhydration or overdrinking before, during, and after endurance events may cause Na(+) depletion and may lead to hyponatremia. It is imperative that endurance athletes replace sweat loss via fluid intake containing about 4% to 8% of carbohydrate solution and electrolytes during training or competition. It is recommended that athletes drink about 500 mL of fluid solution 1 to 2 h before an event and continue to consume cool or cold drinks in regular intervals to replace fluid loss due to sweat. For intense prolonged exercise lasting longer than 1 h, athletes should consume between 30 and 60 g/h and drink between 600 and 1200 mL/h of a solution containing carbohydrate and Na(+) (0.5 to 0.7 g/L of fluid). Maintaining proper hydration before, during, and after training and competition will help reduce fluid loss, maintain performance, lower submaximal exercise heart rate, maintain plasma volume, and reduce heat stress, heat exhaustion, and possibly heat stroke.
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