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Wham C, Carr R, Heller F. Country of origin predicts nutrition risk among community living older people. J Nutr Health Aging 2011; 15:253-8. [PMID: 21437555 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-010-0305-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the nutrition risk status of community living older people and to identify associated risk factors. DESIGN A cross-sectional study using convenience sampling. SETTING North Shore City, Auckland, New Zealand. Data collection was carried out by a research nutritionist using computer assisted personal interviewing in the participant's own home. PARTICIPANTS Fifty-one independently living people aged between 80 and 85 years. MEASUREMENT A survey using three validated questionnaires: Practitioner Assessment of Network Type (PANT) to evaluate social networks; Elderly Assessment System (EASY-Care) to evaluate physical and mental wellbeing and Seniors in the Community: Risk Evaluation for Eating and Nutrition Version II (SCREEN II) to assess nutrition risk. RESULTS A third of the participants (31%) were at high risk of malnutrition (SCREEN II score <50; range 29-58 out of maximum score of 64). The majority of participants (82%) lived alone and nearly half (47%) had supportive social networks including close relationships with local family, friends and neighbours. Low self-rated health, disability and social factors (being born outside of New Zealand, losing a spouse and loneliness) were key underlying factors associated with being at nutrition risk. CONCLUSION Nutrition risk is common among aged individuals living in the community. Health and social factors that shape eating behaviours place older people at increased nutrition risk. Strategies are needed for the early identification of risk factors to prevent nutrition problems. Engaging older people at risk to share meal preparation and dining experiences may foster better outcomes.
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Carr R. Brown herb. Br Dent J 2011; 210:149. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2011.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bendre V, Gautam M, Carr R, Smith J, Malloy A. Characterisation of Nanoparticle Size and Concentration for Toxicological Studies. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2011; 7:195-6. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2011.1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Liu J, Mendenhall MP, Holley AT, Back HO, Bowles TJ, Broussard LJ, Carr R, Clayton S, Currie S, Filippone BW, García A, Geltenbort P, Hickerson KP, Hoagland J, Hogan GE, Hona B, Ito TM, Liu CY, Makela M, Mammei RR, Martin JW, Melconian D, Morris CL, Pattie RW, Pérez Galván A, Pitt ML, Plaster B, Ramsey JC, Rios R, Russell R, Saunders A, Seestrom SJ, Sondheim WE, Tatar E, Vogelaar RB, VornDick B, Wrede C, Yan H, Young AR. Determination of the axial-vector weak coupling constant with ultracold neutrons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:181803. [PMID: 21231098 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.181803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A precise measurement of the neutron decay β asymmetry A₀ has been carried out using polarized ultracold neutrons from the pulsed spallation ultracold neutron source at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center. Combining data obtained in 2008 and 2009, we report A₀ = -0.119 66±0.000 89{-0.001 40}{+0.001 23}, from which we determine the ratio of the axial-vector to vector weak coupling of the nucleon g{A}/g{V}=-1.275 90{-0.004 45}{+0.004 09}.
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Seear M, Gandhi D, Carr R, Dayal A, Raghavan D, Sharma N. The need for better data about counterfeit drugs in developing countries: a proposed standard research methodology tested in Chennai, India. J Clin Pharm Ther 2010; 36:488-95. [PMID: 21729113 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2010.01198.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE There is still surprisingly little basic research data to support widely repeated claims about the prevalence of drug counterfeiting. To meet the need for more reliable drug quality data, we designed a study framework that includes clear definitions of measured end points, sampling methods and assay technique. Our objective was to test this research design in Chennai (formerly Madras), India, using a joint Indian and Canadian team. METHODS The city was divided into ten areas along municipal lines. From each area, ten stores and pharmacies selling drugs were selected. At each of these 100 outlets, three study drugs (artesunate, ciprofloxacin and rifampicin) were purchased. The 300 samples were tested by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Assay content was expressed as a percentage of stated tablet content. Based on assay results and their distribution, we developed drug quality definitions for normal manufacturing standards, counterfeiting, decomposition, poor quality control and adulteration. RESULTS The group mean for ciprofloxacin was close to normal manufacturing limits (99·2 ± 7·1%) but rifampicin (91·6 ± 5·7%), and artesunate (80·1 ± 9·1%), were both below normal pharmaceutical standards. Overall, 43% of all samples fell below the widely accepted manufacturing range of 90-110% of stated content. No tablet from any sample contained less than 50% of the stated dose. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION The quality of at least some anti-infective drugs in Chennai is below commonly accepted standards but we found no evidence of criminal counterfeiting. Poor drug quality was most likely due to decomposition during storage or poor manufacturing standards. Our research methodology worked well under practical conditions and should hopefully be of value to others working in this area.
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Bamford CH, Al-Lamee KG, Middleton IP, Paprotny J, Carr R. Chemical Modification of Polymers Intended to Increase Blood Compatibility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bscb.19900991109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Carr R, Warren R, Towers L, Bartholomew A, Duggal HV, Rehman Y, Harrison TG, Olowokure B. Investigating a cluster of Legionnaires’ cases: Public health implications. Public Health 2010; 124:326-31. [PMID: 20483439 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Revised: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Michels J, Ellard SL, Le L, Kollmannsberger C, Murray N, Tomlinson Guns ES, Carr R, Chi KN. A phase IB study of ABT-751 in combination with docetaxel in patients with advanced castration-resistant prostate cancer. Ann Oncol 2009; 21:305-311. [PMID: 19633045 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdp311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK) and clinical antitumor activity of ABT-751, a novel sulfonamide antimitotic and vascular disrupting agent, in combination with docetaxel (Taxotere) in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients received docetaxel (60-75 mg/m(2)) i.v. on day 1 and ABT-751 (100-200 mg) orally daily for 14 days, repeated every 3 weeks for up to 10 times on four escalating dose levels (DLs). RESULTS Thirty-two patients received a median of 8.5 treatment cycles (range 1-10). One of six patients on DL 3 (D 60 mg/m(2) + A 200 mg) and 4 (D 75 mg/m(2) + A 200 mg) experienced dose-limiting toxicity, and both DLs were expanded. Overall, severe adverse events occurred more commonly on DL 4 than 3 (47% versus 18% of patients). PK data for docetaxel and ABT-751 were similar to reported literature. Best post-treatment prostate-specific antigen decline of > or =50% occurred in 60% and objective responses occurred in 45% of patients. Median overall survival was 24 months (95% confidence interval 8.3-37.7 months). CONCLUSIONS The combination of ABT-751 and docetaxel is safe and active in CRPC. Based on the cumulative safety analysis, the recommended phase II dose of ABT-751 is 200 mg daily with docetaxel 60 mg/m(2) for this patient population.
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Pattie RW, Anaya J, Back HO, Boissevain JG, Bowles TJ, Broussard LJ, Carr R, Clark DJ, Currie S, Du S, Filippone BW, Geltenbort P, García A, Hawari A, Hickerson KP, Hill R, Hino M, Hoedl SA, Hogan GE, Holley AT, Ito TM, Kawai T, Kirch K, Kitagaki S, Lamoreaux SK, Liu CY, Liu J, Makela M, Mammei RR, Martin JW, Melconian D, Meier N, Mendenhall MP, Morris CL, Mortensen R, Pichlmaier A, Pitt ML, Plaster B, Ramsey JC, Rios R, Sabourov K, Sallaska AL, Saunders A, Schmid R, Seestrom S, Servicky C, Sjue SKL, Smith D, Sondheim WE, Tatar E, Teasdale W, Terai C, Tipton B, Utsuro M, Vogelaar RB, Wehring BW, Xu YP, Young AR, Yuan J. First measurement of the neutron beta asymmetry with ultracold neutrons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:012301. [PMID: 19257182 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.012301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report the first measurement of an angular correlation parameter in neutron beta decay using polarized ultracold neutrons (UCN). We utilize UCN with energies below about 200 neV, which we guide and store for approximately 30 s in a Cu decay volume. The interaction of the neutron magnetic dipole moment with a static 7 T field external to the decay volume provides a 420 neV potential energy barrier to the spin state parallel to the field, polarizing the UCN before they pass through an adiabatic fast passage spin flipper and enter a decay volume, situated within a 1 T field in a 2x2pi solenoidal spectrometer. We determine a value for the beta-asymmetry parameter A_{0}=-0.1138+/-0.0046+/-0.0021.
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Baou M, Jewell A, Muthurania A, Wickremasinghe RG, Yong KL, Carr R, Marsh P, Murphy JJ. Involvement of Tis11b, an AU-rich binding protein, in induction of apoptosis by rituximab in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Leukemia 2008; 23:986-9. [PMID: 19092855 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Namer B, Barta B, Ørstavik K, Schmidt R, Carr R, Schmelz M, Handwerker HO. Microneurographic assessment of C-fibre function in aged healthy subjects. J Physiol 2008; 587:419-28. [PMID: 19064617 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2008.162941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological changes in the nervous system occur with ageing. Both a decline of function and a decrease in the number of C-fibres in the skin have been reported for healthy aged subjects. With the use of microneurographic recordings from single C-fibres in humans we have compared the sensory and axonal properties of these neurones in young and aged healthy subjects. A total of 146 C-fibres were recorded from the common peroneal nerve in young subjects (mean age 24.7 years) and 230 C-fibres were recorded in aged subjects (mean age 56.2 years). In aged subjects, changes were found in the composition of the C-fibre population and in sensory and axonal properties. The relative incidence of afferent to efferent C-fibres was relatively constant independent of the age of subjects. The ratio of mechano-responsive to mechano-insensitive nociceptors was approximately 8 : 2 in the young controls while in aged subjects it was 7 : 3. In aged subjects 13% of the fibres showed atypical discharge characteristics, while this was not observed in young subjects. Spontaneous activity, sensitization and loss of sensory function were found regularly. Changes in functions of the conductile membrane were also observed in fibres from aged subjects. The degree of activity-dependent conduction velocity slowing in response to high frequency stimulation (2 Hz) was more pronounced, while the normalization of conduction velocity subsequent to high frequency stimulation was protracted. We found that both sensitization and desensitization or degeneration of afferent C-fibres occur with age, but are still rare compared to patients with neuropathy. The changes in the axonal properties of C-fibres in aged subjects are compatible with hypoexcitability of the fibres. These findings are important for the understanding and differential diagnoses regarding pathological processes and normal ageing.
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Eldredge JD, Carr R, Broudy D, Voorhees RE. The effect of training on question formulation among public health practitioners: results from a randomized controlled trial. J Med Libr Assoc 2008; 96:299-309. [PMID: 18974808 PMCID: PMC2568834 DOI: 10.3163/1536-5050.96.4.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To improve understanding of the information-seeking behaviors of public health professionals, the authors conducted this randomized controlled trial involving sixty participants to determine whether library and informatics training, with an emphasis on PubMed searching skills, increased the frequency and sophistication of participants' practice-related questions. METHODS The intervention group (n = 34) received evidence-based public health library and informatics training first, whereas the control group (n = 26) received identical training two weeks later. The frequency and sophistication of the questions generated by both intervention and control groups during the interim two-week period served as the basis for comparison. RESULTS The intervention group reported an average of almost 1.8 times more questions than those reported by the control group (1.24 vs. 0.69 questions per participant); however, this difference did not reach statistical significance. The intervention group overall produced more sophisticated (foreground) questions than the control group (18 vs. 9); however, this difference also did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION The training provided in the current study seemed to prompt public health practitioners to identify and articulate questions more often. Training appears to create the necessary precondition for increased information-seeking behavior among public health professionals.
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Carr R, Marin H. Nursing Care Systems: Enhancing Care Processes in Practice and Management. Yearb Med Inform 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1638578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
ObjectiveTo summarize aspects of nursing informatics application and introduces challenges that are currently being addressed by nurses around the world.
MethodsKey contributions in the field are surveyed and put in the perspective of the IMIA Nursing Informatics Strategic Plan.
Results As a discipline, nursing informatics offers real and practical instruments and opportunities to delivery nursing care across settings, units of care and specialties. A variety of patient care systems are managed by nurses who are introduced to this link during their training embracing information networks, communication skills together with an ability to work both in practice and administrative positions in a variety of clinical and community settings.
Conclusion At a time when the tendency is toward a computer-based patient record, nurses must be able to identify what kind of nursing data and information will construct useable and useful nursing knowledge. There are many options for each area of application and the selection must be done carefully, considering the enhancement for organizational, technological and local requirements.
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Namer B, Carr R, Johanek LM, Schmelz M, Handwerker HO, Ringkamp M. Separate peripheral pathways for pruritus in man. J Neurophysiol 2008; 100:2062-9. [PMID: 18562548 DOI: 10.1152/jn.90482.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings suggest that itch produced by intradermal insertion of cowhage spicules in human is histamine independent. Neuronal mechanisms underlying nonhistaminergic itch are poorly understood. To investigate which nerve fibers mediate cowhage induced itch in man, action potentials were recorded from cutaneous C-fibers of the peroneal nerve in healthy volunteers using microneurography. Mechano-responsive and -insensitive C-nociceptors were tested for their responsiveness to cowhage spicules, histamine, and capsaicin. Cowhage spicules induced itching and activated all tested mechano-responsive C-units (24/24), but no mechano-insensitive C-fibers (0/17). Histamine also induced itch, but in contrast to cowhage, it caused lasting activation only in mechano-insensitive units (8/12). In mechano-responsive C-units, histamine caused no or only short and weak responses unrelated to the time course of itching. Capsaicin injections activated four of six mechano-responsive fibers and three of four mechano-insensitive C-fibers. Cowhage and histamine activate distinctly different nonoverlapping populations of C-fibers while inducing similar sensations of itch. We hypothesize that cowhage activates a pathway for itch that originates peripherally from superficial mechano-responsive (polymodal) C-fibers and perhaps other afferent units. It is distinct from the pathway for histamine-mediated pruritus and does not involve the histamine-sensitive mechano-insensitive fibers.
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Åberg G, Aigbirhio FI, Alexakis E, Al-Maharik N, Almi M, Ambacher Y, Andersson S, Athlan A, Badman G, Baldwin SA, Baumann M, Baxendale IR, Botting NP, Bragg RA, Brown JA, Burton A, Bushby N, Cable K, Campbell G, Carr R, Carroll M, Chen L, Christlieb M, Davies P, Ellames GJ, Ellis W, Elmore C, Fryatt T, Geach N, Harding JR, Hartmann S, Harwood S, Hayward JJ, Henderson PJF, Herbert RB, Heys JR, Hölzl S, Hopkin MD, Horn P, Ilyas T, Irvine S, Jackson SD, Jin J, Keats A, Kennedy AR, Kerr WJ, Kitching MO, Landreau C, Lanners S, Lawrence R, Lawrie KWM, Ley SV, Little G, Lockley WJS, Maier D, Manning C, McNeill A, Middleton DA, Montgomery S, Morrison JJ, Mrzljak L, Newman J, Newsome J, Nikbin-Roudsari N, Nilsson GN, Oldfield MF, Patching SG, Procter DJ, Randall G, Robertson AA, Rummel CS, Rustidge D, Sherhod R, Shipley N, Smith CD, Smith CJ, Smith DI, Song C, Tamborini L, Waterhouse I, Watts A, Werkheiser JL, Williams G, Willis CL, Woodward P, Yan R, Young G, Zhang Q. 16th International Isotope Society (UK group) Symposium. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Carr R, Erondu N, Gonzalez C, Gumbiner B, Musser B, Lu K, Capece R, Klein S, Ravussin E, Amatruda J, Heymsfield S. EFFECTS OF TARANABANT, A NOVEL CANNABINOID 1 RECEPTOR (CB-1R) INVERSE AGONIST, ON WEIGHT REDUCTION IN OBESE PATIENTS OVER 12 WEEKS. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(08)70835-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Marin HF, Carr R. Nursing care systems: enhancing care processes in practice and management. Yearb Med Inform 2008:25-28. [PMID: 18660871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize aspects of nursing informatics application and introduces challenges that are currently being addressed by nurses around the world. METHODS Key contributions in the field are surveyed and put in the perspective of the IMIA Nursing Informatics Strategic Plan. RESULTS As a discipline, nursing informatics offers real and practical instruments and opportunities to delivery nursing care across settings, units of care and specialties. A variety of patient care systems are managed by nurses who are introduced to this link during their training embracing information networks, communication skills together with an ability to work both in practice and administrative positions in a variety of clinical and community settings. CONCLUSION At a time when the tendency is toward a computer-based patient record, nurses must be able to identify what kind of nursing data and information will construct useable and useful nursing knowledge. There are many options for each area of application and the selection must be done carefully, considering the enhancement for organizational, technological and local requirements.
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Warren R, Harvey G, Carr R, Ward D, Doroshenko A. Control of infections due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing organisms in hospitals and the community. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008; 14 Suppl 1:124-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01870.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Armstrong DS, Arvieux J, Asaturyan R, Averett T, Bailey SL, Batigne G, Beck DH, Beise EJ, Benesch J, Bimbot L, Birchall J, Biselli A, Bosted P, Boukobza E, Breuer H, Carlini R, Carr R, Chant N, Chao YC, Chattopadhyay S, Clark R, Covrig S, Cowley A, Dale D, Davis C, Falk W, Finn JM, Forest T, Franklin G, Furget C, Gaskell D, Grames J, Griffioen KA, Grimm K, Guillon B, Guler H, Hannelius L, Hasty R, Allen AH, Horn T, Johnston K, Jones M, Kammel P, Kazimi R, King PM, Kolarkar A, Korkmaz E, Korsch W, Kox S, Kuhn J, Lachniet J, Lee L, Lenoble J, Liatard E, Liu J, Loupias B, Lung A, Marchand D, Martin JW, McFarlane KW, McKee DW, McKeown RD, Merchez F, Mkrtchyan H, Moffit B, Morlet M, Nakagawa I, Nakahara K, Neveling R, Ong S, Page S, Papavassiliou V, Pate SF, Phillips SK, Pitt ML, Poelker M, Porcelli TA, Quéméner G, Quinn B, Ramsay WD, Rauf AW, Real JS, Roche J, Roos P, Rutledge GA, Secrest J, Simicevic N, Smith GR, Spayde DT, Stepanyan S, Stutzman M, Sulkosky V, Tadevosyan V, Tieulent R, Van de Wiele J, van Oers WTH, Voutier E, Vulcan W, Warren G, Wells SP, Williamson SE, Wood SA, Yan C, Yun J, Zeps V. Transverse beam spin asymmetries in forward-angle elastic electron-proton scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:092301. [PMID: 17930999 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.092301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the beam-normal single-spin asymmetry in elastic scattering of transversely polarized 3 GeV electrons from unpolarized protons at Q2=0.15, 0.25 (GeV/c)2. The results are inconsistent with calculations solely using the elastic nucleon intermediate state and generally agree with calculations with significant inelastic hadronic intermediate state contributions. A(n) provides a direct probe of the imaginary component of the 2gamma exchange amplitude, the complete description of which is important in the interpretation of data from precision electron-scattering experiments.
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Hausenloy DJ, Bhamra GS, Davidson SM, Carr R, Mocanu MM, Yellon DM. Metformin cardioprotects the diabetic heart by inhibiting mPTP opening via the risk pathway. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2007.03.655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
Mucinous cutaneous adnexal tumors are an uncommon occurrence. We describe three cases of mucinous hidradenoma characterized by diffuse and prominent mucinous cell proliferation and discuss the relevant literature. The patients (two men and one woman) ranged in age from 32 to 72 years. The lesions were completely excised, and all patients were alive without evidence of disease (follow-up interval 3-4 years). Case 1 presented as a 1.3-cm eyelid nodule and histology showed a mucinous apocrine hidradenoma with a proliferation of mucinous cells and apocrine glands. Case 2, from the shoulder of a 40-year-old man, was a 2.5-cm well-circumscribed nodule composed of hyperplastic villoglandular proliferation of mucinous cells with focal squamous whorls and focal columnar glandular cells showing decapitation secretion. The tumor was also interpretated as a mucinous hidradenoma, most likely of follicular-apocrine origin. Case 3 was a 3.0-cm scalp nodule. The histology showed a mucinous clear-cell hidradenoma composed of numerous mucinous glands amidst small squamous cells with clear cytoplasm and a hyalinized fibrovascular stroma.
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Norman LR, Carr R, Uche C. The role of sympathy on avoidance intention toward persons living with HIV/AIDS in Jamaica. AIDS Care 2007; 18:1032-9. [PMID: 17012096 DOI: 10.1080/09540120600578409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
As the number of persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) continues to increase in Jamaica, concerns of attitudes become more important. As such, the objective of the present study is to examine the attitudes of university students in Jamaica toward PLWHA including sympathy and avoidance intentions. A large sample of university students (N=1,252) was surveyed between June 2001 and February 2002 using a 193-item questionnaire that measured HIV-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. Results revealed that less than half of the students reported sympathetic attitudes toward homosexual males or female prostitutes living with HIV/AIDS (41% and 44%, respectively) while the majority reported sympathetic attitudes toward heterosexual males and non-prostitute females living with the disease (67% and 81%, respectively). Most students (80%) reported no avoidance intentions toward family members or friends living with the disease. Sympathy, HIV knowledge, education and awareness were associated with no avoidance intention of HIV-positive family members and friends. These findings suggest that sympathy could be important in improving prosocial intentions toward PLWHA and warrants further research.
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Goh B, Thang C, Sukri N, Wong C, Soo R, Carr R, Lee S, Chen C, Humerickhouse R. 108 POSTER Phase I study of ABT869, a multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with refractory solid malignancies. EJC Suppl 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(06)70114-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Fotheringham I, Archer I, Carr R, Speight R, Turner NJ. Preparative deracemization of unnatural amino acids. Biochem Soc Trans 2006; 34:287-90. [PMID: 16545096 DOI: 10.1042/bst20060287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Unnatural amino acids are a growing class of intermediates required for pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and other industrial products. However, no single method has proven sufficiently versatile to prepare these compounds broadly at scale. To address this need, we have developed a general chemoenzymatic process to prepare enantiomerically pure L- and D-amino acids in high yield by deracemization of racemic starting materials. This method involves the concerted action of an enantioselective oxidase biocatalyst and a non-selective chemical reducing agent to effect the stereoinversion of one enantiomer and can result in an enantiomeric excess of >99% from the starting racemate, and product yields of over 90%. This approach compares very favourably with resolution processes, which have a maximum single-pass yield of 50%. We have developed efficient methods to adapt the process towards new target compounds and to optimize key factors that influence process efficiency and offer competitive economics at scale.
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Phillips H, Carr R, Teal J. Leading roles for reference librarians in institutional repositories. REFERENCE SERVICES REVIEW 2005. [DOI: 10.1108/00907320510611339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeAims to describe one academic health science center library's experience with expanding reference librarian leadership roles in implementing institutional repository initiatives.Design/methodology/approachThe institutional repository project development phases are briefly documented. The rationale for selecting reference librarians to lead the initiative and resultant role changes is discussed.FindingsReference librarians are strategically placed to promote and administer institutional repository initiatives successfully. The professional challenge rests in reference librarians' readiness to become scholarly publishing change agents.Practical implicationsThis case study documents a successful approach to incorporating institutional repository projects into existing library roles in addition to providing new leadership opportunities for reference librarians.Originality/valueReference librarian roles in institutional repository projects and the evolution of organizational roles are not addressed in the heavily technology‐ and marketing‐based institutional repository literature.
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