76
|
DeLisi MP, Peterson AM, Lile LA, Noojin GD, Shingledecker AD, Stolarski DJ, Oian CA, Kumru SS, Thomas RJ. Suprathreshold laser injuries in excised porcine skin for millisecond exposures at 1070 nm. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-11. [PMID: 30550049 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.12.125001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Skin injury response to near-infrared (NIR) laser radiation between the minimum visible lesion threshold and ablation onset is not well understood. This study utilizes a 1070-nm diode-pumped Yb-fiber laser to explore the response of excised porcine skin to high-energy exposures in the suprathreshold injury region without inducing ablation. Concurrent high-speed videography is employed to determine a dichotomous response for three progressive damage categories: observable surface distortion, surface bubble formation due to contained intracutaneous water vaporization, and surface bubble rupture during exposure. Median effective dose (ED50) values are calculated in these categories for 3- and 100-ms pulses with beam diameters (1 / e2) of 3 mm (28, 35, and 49 J / cm2) and 7 mm (96, 141, and 212 J / cm2), respectively. Double-pulse cases are secondarily investigated. Experimental data are compared with the maximum permissible exposure limits and ablation onset simulated by a one-dimensional multiphysics model. Logistic regression analysis predicted injury events with ∼90 % of accuracy. The distinction of skin response into progressive damage categories expands the current understanding of high-energy laser safety while underlining the unique biophysical effects during induced water phase change in tissue. These results prove to be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of NIR laser injuries.
Collapse
|
77
|
Stacey G, Andrews P, Asante C, Barbaric I, Barry J, Bisset L, Braybrook J, Buckle R, Chandra A, Coffey P, Crouch S, Driver P, Evans A, Gardner J, Ginty P, Goldring C, Hay DC, Healy L, Hows A, Hutchinson C, Jesson H, Kalber T, Kimber S, Leathers R, Moyle S, Murray T, Neale M, Pan D, Park BK, Rebolledo RE, Rees I, Rivolta MN, Ritchie A, Roos EJ, Saeb-Parsy K, Schröder B, Sebastian S, Thomas A, Thomas RJ, Turner M, Vallier L, Vitillo L, Webster A, Williams D. Science-based assessment of source materials for cell-based medicines: report of a stakeholders workshop. Regen Med 2018; 13:935-944. [PMID: 30488776 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2018-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have the potential to transform medicine. However, hurdles remain to ensure safety for such cellular products. Science-based understanding of the requirements for source materials is required as are appropriate materials. Leaders in hPSC biology, clinical translation, biomanufacturing and regulatory issues were brought together to define requirements for source materials for the production of hPSC-derived therapies and to identify other key issues for the safety of cell therapy products. While the focus of this meeting was on hPSC-derived cell therapies, many of the issues are generic to all cell-based medicines. The intent of this report is to summarize the key issues discussed and record the consensus reached on each of these by the expert delegates.
Collapse
|
78
|
Dorafshan S, Thomas RJ, Maguire M. SDNET2018: An annotated image dataset for non-contact concrete crack detection using deep convolutional neural networks. Data Brief 2018; 21:1664-1668. [PMID: 30505897 PMCID: PMC6247444 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
SDNET2018 is an annotated image dataset for training, validation, and benchmarking of artificial intelligence based crack detection algorithms for concrete. SDNET2018 contains over 56,000 images of cracked and non-cracked concrete bridge decks, walls, and pavements. The dataset includes cracks as narrow as 0.06 mm and as wide as 25 mm. The dataset also includes images with a variety of obstructions, including shadows, surface roughness, scaling, edges, holes, and background debris. SDNET2018 will be useful for the continued development of concrete crack detection algorithms based on deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs), which are a subject of continued research in the field of structural health monitoring. The authors present benchmark results for crack detection using SDNET2018 and a crack detection algorithm based on the AlexNet DCNN architecture. SDNET2018 is freely available at https://doi.org/10.15142/T3TD19.
Collapse
|
79
|
Sun H, Paixao L, Oliva JT, Goparaju B, Carvalho DZ, van Leeuwen KG, Akeju O, Thomas RJ, Cash SS, Bianchi MT, Westover MB. Brain age from the electroencephalogram of sleep. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 74:112-120. [PMID: 30448611 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The human electroencephalogram (EEG) of sleep undergoes profound changes with age. These changes can be conceptualized as "brain age (BA)," which can be compared to chronological age to reflect the degree of deviation from normal aging. Here, we develop an interpretable machine learning model to predict BA based on 2 large sleep EEG data sets: the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) sleep lab data set (N = 2532; ages 18-80); and the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS, N = 1974; ages 40-80). The model obtains a mean absolute deviation of 7.6 years between BA and chronological age (CA) in healthy participants in the MGH data set. As validation, a subset of SHHS containing longitudinal EEGs 5.2 years apart shows an average of 5.4 years increase in BA. Participants with significant neurological or psychiatric disease exhibit a mean excess BA, or "brain age index" (BAI = BA-CA) of 4 years relative to healthy controls. Participants with hypertension and diabetes have a mean excess BA of 3.5 years. The findings raise the prospect of using the sleep EEG as a potential biomarker for healthy brain aging.
Collapse
|
80
|
Marples NM, Speed MP, Thomas RJ. An individual-based profitability spectrum for understanding interactions between predators and their prey. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
81
|
Baik I, Lee S, Thomas RJ, Shin C. Obstructive sleep apnea, low transferrin saturation levels, and male-pattern baldness. Int J Dermatol 2018; 58:67-74. [PMID: 30144036 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited data on the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which is characterized by intermittent hypoxia, and male-pattern baldness (MPB). Low blood iron levels are reportedly associated with hypoxia and hair loss. This study explored a possible link among OSA, iron status, and MPB. METHODS Polysomnography (PSG) and hair assessments were conducted in a cross-sectional study including 932 men aged 46-76 years. OSA was defined as an apnea-hypopnea index ≥5 by PSG evaluation and MPB as scales from IV to VII according to the Norwood-Hamilton scale classification. Serum transferrin saturation (TSA) levels were assessed. RESULTS A total of 224 men (24%) were identified as MPB cases and 495 men (53%) as having OSA. After considering potential risk factors, OSA and other sleep-related variables were not associated with MPB. In joint analysis of OSA and family history of hair loss, men with these two factors showed a sevenfold higher multivariate odds ratio (95% confidence interval: 3.70, 12.56) for MPB than those without both of them (P < 0.05 for the interaction between OSA and family history of hair loss). TSA levels were significantly associated with MPB and OSA. OSA cases without MPB as well as MPB cases showed lower TSA levels than those with neither OSA nor MPB (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that OSA may be a risk factor for MPB in men who have a family history of hair loss and that low serum TSA levels associated with hypoxia may be involved in a pathway linking OSA and MPB.
Collapse
|
82
|
Wang D, Thomas RJ, Yee BJ, Grunstein RR. Last Word on Viewpoint: Hypercapnia is more important than hypoxia in the neuro-outcomes of sleep-disordered breathing. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 120:1489. [PMID: 27306843 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00354.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
83
|
Bergin RJ, Emery J, Bollard RC, Falborg AZ, Jensen H, Weller D, Menon U, Vedsted P, Thomas RJ, Whitfield K, White V. Rural–Urban Disparities in Time to Diagnosis and Treatment for Colorectal and Breast Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:1036-1046. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
84
|
Schwartz ALW, Williams HF, Chadwick E, Thomas RJ, Perkins SE. Roadkill scavenging behaviour in an urban environment. JOURNAL OF URBAN ECOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jue/juy006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
85
|
Kim RE, Yun CH, Thomas RJ, Oh JH, Johnson HJ, Kim S, Lee S, Seo HS, Shin C. Lifestyle-dependent brain change: a longitudinal cohort MRI study. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 69:48-57. [PMID: 29852410 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated both independent and interconnected effects of 3 lifestyle factors on brain volume, measuring yearly changes using large-scale longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging, in middle-aged to older adults. We measured brain volumes in a cohort (n = 984, 49-79 years) from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study group, using baseline and follow-up estimates after 4 years. In our analysis, the accelerated brain atrophy in normal aging was observed across regions (e.g., brain tissue: -0.098 ± 0.01 mL/y, p < 0.001). An independent lifestyle-specific trend of brain atrophy across time was also evident in men, where smoking (p = 0.012) and physical activity (p = 0.014) showed the strongest association with the atrophy rate. Linear regression analysis of the interconnected effect revealed that brain atrophy is mitigated by intense physical activity in smoking males. Lifestyle factors did not show any significant effect on brain volume in women. These results provide important information regarding lifestyle factors that affect brain aging in mid-to-late adulthood. Our findings may aid in the identification of preventive measures against dementia.
Collapse
|
86
|
Glen KE, Cheeseman EA, Stacey AJ, Thomas RJ. A mechanistic model of erythroblast growth inhibition providing a framework for optimisation of cell therapy manufacturing. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
87
|
Johnson KG, Johnson DC, Visintainer PF, Kryger MH, Thomas RJ, Linderauer P, Feldmann E. 0479 Novel Flow Limitation/Obstruction With Recovery Breath (FLOW) Event Identifies Obstructive Burden In Mild Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
88
|
Schmickl CN, Chalise S, Borker PV, Strang A, Thomas RJ. 0572 High Residual Apnea Burden may Contribute to Frequent Outcome Failure in Randomized Controlled Trials of Positive Airway Pressure - a Proof-of-Concept Study. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
89
|
Thomas RJ. 0642 Melatonin Profiling In Clinical Practice Reveals Novel Patterns Of Disease. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
90
|
Thomas RJ, Kim H, Yun C, Kim S, Kim E, Lee S, Shin C. 0966 Dipping Pattern of Nocturnal Blood Pressure and Depressive Symptoms. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
91
|
|
92
|
Stacey AJ, Cheeseman EA, Glen KE, Moore RL, Thomas RJ. Experimentally integrated dynamic modelling for intuitive optimisation of cell based processes and manufacture. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
93
|
Abstract
Twenty-two patients with unilateral arthrodesis of the hip were reviewed clinically and radiologically ten years or more after operation. There was evidence of degenerative disease in 63.6% of the contralateral hips, 68.2% of the ipsilateral knees and in 59.1% of the contralateral knees. Both knees were affected in 50% of cases. All the patients had some degree of backache. The incidence of these problems in contrast with previously reported series is discussed.
Collapse
|
94
|
Koo DL, Nam H, Thomas RJ, Yun CH. Sleep Disturbances as a Risk Factor for Stroke. J Stroke 2018; 20:12-32. [PMID: 29402071 PMCID: PMC5836576 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2017.02887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep, a vital process of human being, is carefully orchestrated by the brain and consists of cyclic transitions between rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep. Autonomic tranquility during NREM sleep is characterized by vagal dominance and stable breathing, providing an opportunity for the cardiovascular-neural axis to restore homeostasis, in response to use, distress or fatigue inflicted during wakefulness. Abrupt irregular swings in sympathovagal balance during REM sleep act as phasic loads on the resting cardiovascular system. Any causes of sleep curtailment or fragmentation such as sleep restriction, sleep apnea, insomnia, periodic limb movements during sleep, and shift work, not only impair cardiovascular restoration but also impose a stress on the cardiovascular system. Sleep disturbances have been reported to play a role in the development of stroke and other cardiovascular disorders. This review aims to provide updated information on the role of abnormal sleep in the development of stroke, to discuss the implications of recent research findings, and to help both stroke clinicians and researchers understand the importance of identification and management of sleep pathology for stroke prevention and care.
Collapse
|
95
|
Anter E, Di Biase L, Contreras-Valdes FM, Gianni C, Mohanty S, Tschabrunn CM, Viles-Gonzalez JF, Leshem E, Buxton AE, Kulbak G, Halaby RN, Zimetbaum PJ, Waks JW, Thomas RJ, Natale A, Josephson ME. Atrial Substrate and Triggers of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2017; 10:CIRCEP.117.005407. [PMID: 29133380 DOI: 10.1161/circep.117.005407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with atrial remodeling, atrial fibrillation (AF), and increased incidence of arrhythmia recurrence after pulmonary vein (PV) isolation. We aimed to characterize the atrial substrate, including AF triggers in patients with paroxysmal AF and OSA. METHODS AND RESULTS In 86 patients with paroxysmal AF (43 with ≥moderate OSA [apnea-hypopnea index ≥15] and 43 without OSA [apnea-hypopnea index <5]), right atrial and left atrial voltage distribution, conduction velocities, and electrogram characteristics were analyzed during atrial pacing. AF triggers were examined before and after PV isolation and targeted for ablation. Patients with OSA had lower atrial voltage amplitude (right atrial, P=0.0005; left atrial, P=0.0001), slower conduction velocities (right atrial, P=0.02; left atrial, P=0.0002), and higher prevalence of electrogram fractionation (P=0.0001). The areas of atrial abnormality were consistent among patients, most commonly involving the left atrial septum (32/43; 74.4%). At baseline, the PVs were the most frequent triggers for AF in both groups; however, after PV isolation patients with OSA had increased incidence of additional extra-PV triggers (41.8% versus 11.6%; P=0.003). The 1-year arrhythmia-free survival was similar between patients with and without OSA (83.7% and 81.4%, respectively; P=0.59). In comparison, control patients with paroxysmal AF and OSA who underwent PV isolation alone without ablation on extra-PV triggers had increased risk of arrhythmia recurrence (83.7% versus 64.0%; P=0.003). CONCLUSIONS OSA is associated with structural and functional atrial remodeling and increased incidence of extra-PV triggers. Elimination of these triggers resulted in improved arrhythmia-free survival.
Collapse
|
96
|
Kim H, Thomas RJ, Yun CH, Au R, Lee SK, Lee S, Shin C. Association of Mild Obstructive Sleep Apnea With Cognitive Performance, Excessive Daytime Sleepiness, and Quality of Life in the General Population: The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). Sleep 2017; 40:2962428. [PMID: 28329071 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives Research points to impaired cognitive performance in sleep clinic patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, inconsistent findings from various epidemiologic studies make this relationship less generalizable. The current study investigated the association between OSA and functional outcome measures, such as cognition, daytime sleepiness, and quality of life, in a Korean general population sample. Methods A total of 1492 participants from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) were included in the analyses. The presence of OSA measured by overnight polysomnography (PSG) was defined by apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) >5. Cognitive performance was determined with scores from a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Excessive daytime sleepiness and quality of life were additionally measured through subjective reports. Results After adjusting for various demographic and medical characteristics, OSA was independently associated with lower performance in the Digit Symbol Test (52.73 ± 17.08 vs. 58.72 ± 18.03, OSA vs. not, p = .02). Hypoxia measures were not related to cognitive performance. OSA was associated with higher odds of displaying excessive daytime sleepiness (odds ratio = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.05-2.80), but there was no significant relationship between OSA and quality of life. Conclusions Cognition was unexpectedly unaffected overall. However, OSA was associated with impairment in a multidomain test that taps skills generally associated with frontal lobe function. The results suggest that research on protective and adaptive brain mechanisms to OSA stress can provide unique insights into the brain-sleep interface. As the study runs longitudinally, it will enable future studies on the impact of OSA on cognitive decline.
Collapse
|
97
|
Bianchi MT, Thomas RJ, Westover MB. Response. Sleep Med 2017; 38:160-161. [PMID: 28843388 PMCID: PMC9847345 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
98
|
Pase MP, Himali JJ, Grima NA, Beiser AS, Satizabal CL, Aparicio HJ, Thomas RJ, Gottlieb DJ, Auerbach SH, Seshadri S. Sleep architecture and the risk of incident dementia in the community. Neurology 2017; 89:1244-1250. [PMID: 28835407 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000004373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sleep disturbance is common in dementia, although it is unclear whether differences in sleep architecture precede dementia onset. We examined the associations between sleep architecture and the prospective risk of incident dementia in the community-based Framingham Heart Study (FHS). METHODS Our sample comprised a subset of 321 FHS Offspring participants who participated in the Sleep Heart Health Study between 1995 and 1998 and who were aged over 60 years at the time of sleep assessment (mean age 67 ± 5 years, 50% male). Stages of sleep were quantified using home-based polysomnography. Participants were followed for a maximum of 19 years for incident dementia (mean follow-up 12 ± 5 years). RESULTS We observed 32 cases of incident dementia; 24 were consistent with Alzheimer disease dementia. After adjustments for age and sex, lower REM sleep percentage and longer REM sleep latency were both associated with a higher risk of incident dementia. Each percentage reduction in REM sleep was associated with approximately a 9% increase in the risk of incident dementia (hazard ratio 0.91; 95% confidence interval 0.86, 0.97). The magnitude of association between REM sleep percentage and dementia was similar following adjustments for multiple covariates including vascular risk factors, depressive symptoms, and medication use, following exclusions for persons with mild cognitive impairment at baseline and following exclusions for early converters to dementia. Stages of non-REM sleep were not associated with dementia risk. CONCLUSIONS Despite contemporary interest in slow-wave sleep and dementia pathology, our findings implicate REM sleep mechanisms as predictors of clinical dementia.
Collapse
|
99
|
Thomas RJ, Chang AB. Improving the management of people with bronchiectasis in Saudi: A new beginning. Ann Thorac Med 2017; 12:133-134. [PMID: 28808485 PMCID: PMC5541961 DOI: 10.4103/atm.atm_183_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
100
|
Moore RLL, Worrallo MJ, Mitchell PD, Harriman J, Glen KE, Thomas RJ. Immobilisation of Delta-like 1 ligand for the scalable and controlled manufacture of hematopoietic progenitor cells in a stirred bioreactor. BMC Biotechnol 2017; 17:65. [PMID: 28778182 PMCID: PMC5544980 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-017-0383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Umbilical cord blood provides a source of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation with immunological and availability advantages over conventional bone marrow sources. Limited cell numbers and slower engraftment from umbilical cord blood units has led to the clinical development of immobilised Notch ligand Delta-Like 1 to promote ex vivo expansion of a rapidly engrafting cell population. However, current immobilisation methods are not simple to scale in a controlled manner. Results Delta-Like 1 was immobilised onto streptavidin coated magnetic particles via a heterobifunctionalised polyethylene glycol linker molecule to provide an easily manipulated format of surface protein presentation. CD34+ enriched cord blood cells were treated with Delta-Like 1 immobilised particles, and immunophenotypic markers measured to monitor population distributions using cluster identification, characterization, and regression software. The amenability of the approach to scalability was evaluated in a micro-scale stirred tank bioreactor. Surface concentration of Delta-Like 1 was well controlled used differing stoichiometric reagent ratios. Protein immobilisation was a cost effective process and particles were efficiently removed from the final cell product. Immobilised Delta-Like 1 is functional and stimulates qualitatively similar CD34hi, CD38lo, CD90lo, CD133hi, CD135hi progenitor expansion in both static culture and scalable stirred culture platforms. Conclusions Immobilised Delta-Like 1 in this form has the potential to improve the manufacturing efficiency and control of final ex vivo expanded cell product through compatibility with highly controlled and characterised suspension culture systems. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-017-0383-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|