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Turaka A, Hasan S, Li T, Mehra R, Scott W, Yu J. Correlation of PET/CT Response to the Mediastinal Down-Staging in Operable NSCLC: Impact of RT Dose. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.1816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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77
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Hasan S, Kong D, Stewart K. Physicians’ Opinions on Collaboration with Pharmacists in the United Arab Emirates. Res Social Adm Pharm 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2014.07.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hasan S, Miranda D, Gupta A, Conill A, Lieberfarb M, Nguyen Sperry J, Fernandez E, Landau E. Simultaneous Integrated Boost (SIB) for Advanced Head and Neck (H&N) Cancer May Accelerate Muscle Loss in Concurrent Chemoradiation as Assessed by a Validated CT-Based Tool. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.1722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hasan S, Miranda D, Landau E, Ferndandez E, Leiberfarb M. Sarcopenia in Head-and-Neck Cancer: A Significant Problem in Patients Receiving Intensity Modulated (IMRT) and Image Guided Radiation (IGRT) as Assessed by a Validated CT-Based Assessment Tool. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.11.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hasan S, Li T, Turaka A. EP-1152: Correlation of PET results with pathological response after doseescalation RT for NSCLC. Radiother Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)31270-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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McGhee DJM, Royle PL, Counsell CE, Abbas A, Sethi P, Manku L, Narayan A, Clegg K, Bardai A, Brown SHM, Hafeez U, Abdelhafiz AH, McGovern A, Breckenridge A, Seenan P, Samani A, Das S, Khan S, Puffett AJ, Morgan J, Ross G, Cantlay A, Khan N, Bhalla A, Sweeting M, Nimmo CAMD, Fleet J, Igbedioh C, Harari D, Downey CL, Handforth C, Stothard C, Cracknell A, Barnes C, Shaw L, Bainbridge L, Crabtree L, Clark T, Root S, Aitken E, Haroon K, Sudlow M, Hanley K, Welsh S, Hill E, Falconer A, Miller H, Martin B, Tidy E, Pendlebury S, Thompson S, Burnett E, Taylor H, Lonan J, Adler B, McCallion J, Sykes E, Bancroft R, Tullo ES, Young TJ, Clift E, Flavin B, Roberts HC, Sayer AA, Belludi G, Aithal S, Verma A, Singh I, Barne M, Wilkinson I, Sakoane R, Singh N, Wilkinson I, Cottee M, Irani TS, Martinovic O, Abdulla AJJ, Irani TS, Abdulla AJJ, Riglin J, Husk J, Lowe D, Treml J, Vasilakis JN, Buttery A, Reid J, Healy P, Grant-Casey J, Pendry K, Richards J, Singh A, Jarrett D, Hewitt J, Slevin J, Barwell G, Youde J, Kennedy C, Romero-Ortuno R, O'Shea D, Robinson D, O'Shea D, Kenny RA, O'Connell J, Kennedy C, Romero-Ortuno R, O'Shea D, Robinson D, O'Shea D, Robinson D, O'Connell J, Topp JD, Topp JD, Warburton K, Simpson L, Bryce K, Suntharalingam S, Grosser K, D'Silva A, Southern L, Bielawski C, Cook L, Sutton GM, Flanagan L, Storr A, Charlton L, Kerr S, Robinson L, Shaw F, Finch LK, Weerasuriya N, Walker M, Sahota O, Logan P, Brown F, Rossiter F, Baxter M, Mucci E, Brown A, Jackson SHD, de Savary N, Hasan S, Jones H, Birrell J, Hockley J, Hensey N, Meiring R, Athavale N, Simms J, Brown S, West A, Diem P, Simms J, Brown S, West A, Diem P, Davies R, Kings R, Coleman H, Stevens D, Campbell C, Hope S, Morris A, Ong T, Harwood R, Dasgupta D, Mitchell S, Dimmock V, Collin F, Wood E, Green V, Hendrickse-Welsh N, Singh N, Cracknell A, Eccles J, Beezer J, Garside M, Baxter J. Clinical effectiveness. Age Ageing 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/aft016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hasan S, Al-Sharqawi N, Dashti F, AbdulAziz M, Abdullah A, Shukkur M, Bouhaimed M, Thalib L. Level of empathy among medical students in Kuwait University, Kuwait. Med Princ Pract 2013; 22:385-9. [PMID: 23485677 PMCID: PMC5586767 DOI: 10.1159/000348300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the level of empathy among medical students in Kuwait University Medical School and its association with sociodemographic factors, stress levels and personality. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 264 medical students was conducted in the Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University. Empathy levels were measured using the Jefferson Scale, personality was assessed using the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Scale and the Perceived Stress Scale was used to measure stress levels. Factors associated with empathy were evaluated using t test/ANOVA for categorical variables and correlation for continuous predictors. RESULTS Mean empathy score was 104.6 ± 16.3. Empathy scores were significantly associated with gender, year of study, mother's level of education, household income, satisfactory relationship with the mother and stress levels. Male medical students in their clinical years also had significantly lower empathy levels. However, factors such as grade point average, desired specialty, marital status of parents, father's educational level and relationship with father were not significantly (p > 0.05) associated with levels of empathy. Stress scores were significantly and positively associated with empathy (r = 0.13; p = 0.041). CONCLUSION Medical students in Kuwait University had low empathy level and this may be a cause for concern; as such we suggest a possible inclusion of emphasis on empathy in the curriculum.
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Buccoliero R, Hickley N, Sansam K, Gough A, Scullion D, Hasan S, Cerase A. A 72-year-old patient with neuromyelitis optica (NMO) spectrum disorder: A case report. Eur Geriatr Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Hasan S, Mesa-Arango R, Ukkusuri S, Murray-Tuite P. Transferability of Hurricane Evacuation Choice Model: Joint Model Estimation Combining Multiple Data Sources. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1061/(asce)te.1943-5436.0000365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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85
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Hasan S, Hathaway A, Tran D. C2 Deficiency Presenting as Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Bacteremia. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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86
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Hasan S, Jung K, Hsu S, Moors K, Yan B, Kinney P, Chillrud S, Whyatt R, Camann D, Perera F, Miller R. Time Trends In Residential Indoor Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposures Among Inner City Children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Ayub S, Shakoor MT, Hasan S, Khan JA. Mediastinal mass diagnosed as a benign schwannoma. Singapore Med J 2011; 52:e167-e169. [PMID: 21947156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenic tumours of the mediastinum are most commonly present in the posterior mediastinal compartment. Schwannomas, being the most frequently encountered type, can be either benign or malignant, although the former is more common. They typically appear as an asymptomatic mass on radiographic imaging. These tumours with spindle-shaped cells are often asymptomatic, and are routinely detected on standard pulmonary radiography. However, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, especially for posterior mediastinal tumours, provide additional information and help to determine its possible extension to adjacent structures. Therefore, radiographic and histopathological examinations are vital diagnostic tools in the detection of these silent tumours. Complete surgical resection using video-assisted thoracic surgical technique is the mainstay of treatment, and offers an excellent prognosis.
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Ashraf GM, Bilal N, Suhail N, Hasan S, Banu N. Glycosylation of purified buffalo heart galectin-1 plays crucial role in maintaining its structural and functional integrity. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2011; 75:1450-7. [PMID: 21314615 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297910120059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A buffalo heart galectin-1 purified by gel filtration chromatography revealed the presence of 3.55% carbohydrate content, thus it is the first mammalian heart galectin found to be glycosylated in nature and emphasizes the need to perform deglycosylation studies. Physicochemical comparative analysis between the properties of the native and deglycosylated proteins was carried out to understand the significance of glycosylation. The deglycosylated protein exhibited lesser thermal and pH stability compared to the native galectin. When exposed to thiol blocking reagents, denaturants, and detergents, remarkable differences were observed in the properties of the native and deglycosylated protein. Compared to the native glycosylated protein, the deglycosylated galectin showed enhanced fluorescence quenching when exposed to various agents. CD and FTIR analysis showed that deglycosylation of the purified galectin and its exposure to different chemicals resulted in significant deviations from regular secondary structure of the protein, thus emphasizing the significance of glycosylation for maintaining the active conformation of the protein. The remarkable differences observed in the properties of the native and deglycosylated galectin add an important dimension to the significance of protein glycosylation and its associated biological and clinical relevance.
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Donegani E, Aiani A, Basilico F, Bolognini D, Borasio P, Cappelletti P, Chiari P, Frigerio M, Gelosa S, Giannini G, Hasan S, Mattera A, Mauri P, Monti A, Ostinelli A, Prest M, Vallazza E, Zanini A. 1409 poster TOWARDS A HOSPITAL-BASED BNCT WITH A STANDARD RADIO-THERAPIC LINAC. Radiother Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(11)71531-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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90
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Hasan SK, Buttari F, Ottone T, Voso MT, Hohaus S, Marasco E, Mantovani V, Garagnani P, Sanz MA, Cicconi L, Bernardi G, Centonze D, Lo-Coco F. Risk of acute promyelocytic leukemia in multiple sclerosis: coding variants of DNA repair genes. Neurology 2011; 76:1059-65. [PMID: 21346221 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e318211c3c8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in double-strand break repair genes may alter DNA repair capacity and, in turn, confer predisposition to leukemia. We analyzed polymorphic variants of DNA repair and detoxification genes in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) who developed secondary acute promyelocytic leukemia (sAPL), in most cases after treatment with mitoxantrone (MTZ). METHODS Using MassARRAY high-throughput DNA analysis with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, we genotyped patients with sAPL (n=20) developed after treatment of MS (18 out 20 treated with MTZ) for the presence of 210 SNPs of 22 genes mostly involved in DNA repair and drug detoxification. Patients with MS who did not develop sAPL including 41 treated with MTZ (n=253 and 41, respectively) and healthy blood donors (n=310) were also genotyped as controls. RESULTS We observed risk allele frequency between MS and sAPL for BRCA2 (rs1801406): 6% and 26%, p=0.007; XRCC5 (rs207906): 2.5% and 15%, p=0.016; CYP3A4 (rs2740574): 4.5% and 25%, p=0.0035. The association of homozygous variants of BRCA2 and XRCC5 yielded higher risk of sAPL (MS vs sAPL: 0.4% and 18%, p=0.001). We also observed a significant association between a SNP in the promoter region (rs2740574) of CYP3A4, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of chemotherapeutic agents and development of sAPL. CONCLUSIONS Increased susceptibility to develop sAPL in patients with MS receiving MTZ may be linked to genetic variants in DNA repair and drug-metabolizing enzymes that result in impaired detoxification of chemotherapy or inefficient repair of drug-induced genetic damage.
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Suhail N, Bilal N, Khan HY, Hasan S, Sharma S, Khan F, Mansoor T, Banu N. Effect of vitamins C and E on antioxidant status of breast-cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. J Clin Pharm Ther 2011; 37:22-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2010.01237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Khan SH, Hasan S, Sardar R, Dil S. Effect of dietary supplementation of probiotic on the performance of F1 crossbred (Rhode Island red male × Fayoumi female) cockerels. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2010; 95:523-32. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01079.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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93
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Hasan S, Chander P, Ali J, Baboota S, Ali M. A new validated ultra performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of acyclovir. Drug Test Anal 2010; 3:187-90. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Travers B, Henderson S, Vasireddy S, SeQueira EJ, Cornell PJ, Richards S, Khan A, Hasan S, Withrington R, Leak A, Sandhu J, Joseph A, Packham JC, Lyle S, Martin JC, Goodfellow RM, Rhys-Dillon C, Morgan JT, Mogford S, Rowan-Phillips J, Moss D, Wilson H, McEntegart A, Morgan JT, Martin JC, Rhys Dillon C, Goodfellow R, Gould L, Bukhari M, Hassan S, Butt S, Deighton C, Gadsby K, Love V, Kara N, Gohery M, Keat A, Lewis A, Robinson R, Bastawrous S, Roychowdhury B, Roskell S, Douglas B, Keating H, Giles S, McPeake J, Molloy C, Chalam V, Mulherin D, Price T, Sheeran T, Benjamin SR, Thompson PW, Cornell P, Siddle HJ, Backhouse MR, Monkhouse RA, Harris NJ, Helliwell PS, Azzopardi L, Hudson S, Mallia C, Cassar K, Coleiro B, Cassar PJ, Aquilina D, Camilleri F, Serracino Inglott A, Azzopardi LM, Robinson S, Peta H, Margot L, David W, Mann C, Gooberman-Hill R, Jagannath D, Healey E, Goddard C, Pugh MT, Gilham L, Bawa S, Barlow JH, MacFarland L, Tindall L, Leddington Wright S, Tooby J, Ravindran J, Perkins P, McGregor L, Mabon E, Bawa S, Bond U, Swan J, O'Connor MB, Rathi J, Regan MJ, Phelan MJ, Doherty T, Martin K, Ruth C, Panthakalam S, Bondin D, Castelino M, Evin S, Gooden A, Peacock C, Teh LS, Ryan SJ, Bryant E, Carter A, Cox S, Moore AP, Jackson A, Kuisma R, Pattman J, Juarez M, Quilter A, Williamson L, Collins D, Price E, Chao Y, Mooney J, Watts R, Graham K, Birrell F, Reed M, Croyle S, Stell J, Vasireddy S, Storrs P, McLoughlin YM, Scott G, McKenna F, Papou A, Rahmeh FH, Richards SC, Westlake SL, Birrell F, Morgan L, Baqir W, Walsh NE, Ward L, Caine R, Williams M, Breslin A, Owen C, Ahmad Y, Morgan L, Blair A, Birrell F, Ramachandran Nair J, Zia A, Mewar D, Peffers GM, Larder R, Dockrell D, Wilson S, Cummings J, Bansal J, Barlow J. BHPR: Audit/Service Delivery [239-277]: 239. Arma-Based Audit of Rheumatology Service Delivered Predominantly Outside the Traditional Hospital Setting. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Malik T, Haleem D, Hasan S, Pervez S, Fatima T. P3.020 Protective effects of Nigella sativa on the neuronal alterations of the striatum induced by haloperidol. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(09)70584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Mattera A, Bolognini D, Hasan S, Prest M, Vallazza E, Giannini G, Cappelletti P, Frigerio M, Gelosa S, Monti A, Ostinelli A, Mauri P, Basilico F, Zanini A, Capelli E, Chiari P, Borasio P. REAL-TIME IMAGING OF 10B IN A HOSPITAL-BASED NEUTRON FACILITY. Radiother Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)73203-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Khan MSA, Zahin M, Hasan S, Husain FM, Ahmad I. Inhibition of quorum sensing regulated bacterial functions by plant essential oils with special reference to clove oil. Lett Appl Microbiol 2009; 49:354-60. [PMID: 19627477 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2009.02666.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate quorum sensing (QS) inhibitory activity of plant essential oils using strains of Chromobacterium violaceum (CV12472 and CVO26) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1). METHODS AND RESULTS Inhibition of QS-controlled violacein production in C. violaceum was assayed using disc diffusion and agar well diffusion method. Of the 21 essential oils, four oils showed varying levels of anti-QS activity. Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) oil showed promising anti-QS activity on both wild and mutant strains with zones of pigment inhibition 19 and 17 mm, respectively, followed by activity in cinnamon, lavender and peppermint oils. The effect of clove oil on the extent of violacein production was estimated photometrically and found to be concentration dependent. At sub-MICs of clove oil, 78.4% reduction in violacein production over control and up to 78% reduction in swarming motility in PAO1 over control were recorded. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of clove oil indicated presence of many phytocompounds. Eugenol, the major constituent of clove oil could not exhibit anti-QS activity. CONCLUSIONS Presence of anti-QS activity in clove oil and other essential oils has indicated new anti-infective activity. The identification of anti-QS phytoconstituents is needed to assess the mechanism of action against both C. violaceum and Ps. aeruginosa. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Essential oils having new antipathogenic drugs principle because of its anti-QS activity might be important in reducing virulence and pathogenicity of drug-resistant bacteria in vivo.
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Platt L, Vickerman P, Collumbien M, Hasan S, Lalji N, Mayhew S, Muzaffar R, Andreasen A, Hawkes S. Prevalence of HIV, HCV and sexually transmitted infections among injecting drug users in Rawalpindi and Abbottabad, Pakistan: evidence for an emerging injection-related HIV epidemic. Sex Transm Infect 2009; 85 Suppl 2:ii17-22. [PMID: 19307346 DOI: 10.1136/sti.2008.034090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To measure the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV), HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI) among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Rawalpindi and Abbottabad and to examine risk factors associated with HIV and HCV. METHODS Two cross-sectional surveys were performed of community-recruited IDUs with collection of clinical specimens for testing of HCV, HIV and other STIs. Behavioural data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires. Characteristics and risk behaviours were compared across cities. Univariate and multivariate analyses explored risk factors associated with HIV and HCV. RESULTS The prevalence of HIV was 2.6% (95% CI 0.83% to 4.5%) in Rawalpindi (n = 302) and zero in Abbottabad (n = 102). The prevalence of HCV was significantly higher in Rawalpindi at 17.3% (95% CI 13.0% to 21.6%) than in Abbottabad at 8% (95% CI 2.6% to 13.4%). The prevalence of other STIs was low in both cities, with <2% of participants having current gonorrhoea or Chlamydia and <3% with active syphilis. Injecting risk behaviours were greater in Rawalpindi. An increased risk of HCV was associated with using informal sources as a main source of new needles/syringes (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.3 to 6.0) compared with pharmacies and a history of drug treatment (OR 3.7, 95% CI 0.9 to 11.6). Reporting symptoms of an STI was associated with decreased odds of HIV in Rawalpindi (OR 0.02, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.9). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest recent transmission of HIV and HCV and point to the urgent need for the provision of clean needles/syringes to IDUs and a review of how needles/syringes are currently provided via healthcare establishments.
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Hawkes S, Collumbien M, Platt L, Lalji N, Rizvi N, Andreasen A, Chow J, Muzaffar R, ur-Rehman H, Siddiqui N, Hasan S, Bokhari A. HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among men, transgenders and women selling sex in two cities in Pakistan: a cross-sectional prevalence survey. Sex Transm Infect 2009; 85 Suppl 2:ii8-16. [PMID: 19307351 DOI: 10.1136/sti.2008.033910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The extent and possibilities of spread of the HIV epidemic are not fully understood in Pakistan. A survey was conducted among men, women and transgender populations selling sex in Rawalpindi (Punjab) and Abbottabad (North West Frontier Province) in order to inform evidence-based programme planning. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was performed with participants recruited through respondent-driven sampling. Male and transgender sex workers were analysed in three gender groups; women were analysed as one group. Behavioural surveys were conducted and clinical specimens collected. Laboratory tests looked for evidence of acute infection (gonorrhoea, Chlamydia, syphilis, Trichomonas) and infection over the lifetime (HIV, herpes simplex virus-2, syphilis). Predictors of infection were explored using univariable and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS The prevalence of HIV was low in 917 male and transgender sex workers and absent in 533 female sex workers in the study. High levels of current sexually transmitted infections were found, predominantly among transgender sex workers. Risk behaviours were common and knowledge of HIV was extremely low. Multivariable analysis found a large number of factors associated with higher levels of infection, including experience of forced first sex. Protection against risk was low, but those sex workers who reported using condoms at last sex had lower rates of infection. CONCLUSIONS The HIV epidemic is currently in its early stages among people who sell sex, but there may be potential for a much greater spread given the levels of other sexually transmitted infections found and the concomitant low levels of both protective knowledge and risk-reducing behaviours. Action is needed now to avert an epidemic. Framing interventions by upholding the recognition and protection of human rights is vital.
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Scandale W, Vomiero A, Baricordi S, Dalpiaz P, Fiorini M, Guidi V, Mazzolari A, Della Mea G, Milan R, Ambrosi G, Zuccon P, Bertucci B, Burger W, Duranti M, Cavoto G, Santacesaria R, Valente P, Luci C, Iacoangeli F, Vallazza E, Afonin AG, Chesnokov YA, Kotov VI, Maisheev VA, Yazynin IA, Kovalenko AD, Taratin AM, Denisov AS, Gavrikov YA, Ivanov YM, Lapina LP, Malyarenko LG, Skorogobogatov VV, Suvorov VM, Vavilov SA, Bolognini D, Hasan S, Mozzanica A, Prest M. Observation of multiple volume reflection of ultrarelativistic protons by a sequence of several bent silicon crystals. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:084801. [PMID: 19257744 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.084801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The interactions of 400 GeV protons with different sequences of bent silicon crystals have been investigated at the H8 beam line of the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. The multiple volume reflection of the proton beam has been studied in detail on a five-crystal reflector measuring an angular beam deflection theta = 52.96 +/- 0.14 microrad. The efficiency was found larger than 80% for an angular acceptance at the reflector entrance of 70 microrad, with a maximal efficiency value of epsilon = 0.90 +/- 0.01 +/- 0.03.
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