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Rai S, Marak RSK, Jain S, Dhole TN. Posterior fossa midline cryptococcoma in a patient with idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia. Indian J Med Microbiol 2012; 30:367-70. [DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.99510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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77
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Rai S, Jain S, Prasad KN, Ghoshal U, Dhole TN. Rationale of azithromycin prescribing practices for enteric fever in India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2012; 30:30-3. [PMID: 22361757 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.93017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study was performed to assess the current susceptibility pattern of blood isolates of Salmonella spp from a super specialty hospital in North India against nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and azithromycin and compare the in vitro and in vivo response against azithromycin. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated the minimum inhibitory concentration's (MIC's) of 107 blood isolates of Salmonella spp against nalidixic acid, azithromycin and ciprofloxacin and correlated in vitro and in vivo response of azithromycin from the treatment and discharge summaries from the Hospital Information System (HIS) software. RESULTS Among the 107 isolates evaluated, 94 (87.8%) were nalidixic acid-resistant (NAR) Salmonella and 36 were resistant to azithromycin by MIC testing. The MIC 90 value for azithromycin was 24 μg/mL. Among the 57 treatment histories evaluated using the HIS software, 19 (33%) patients had documented clinical non-response to azithromycin which required change of therapy. CONCLUSIONS The present study observed a higher MIC 90 values for azithromycin compared to Salmonella isolates from Western studies. There was also a documented clinical non-response against azithromycin. The in vitro and in vivo findings in this study suggest a guarded use of azithromycin for cases of enteric fever in India. The study also augments the reversal of resistance pattern in favour of chloramphenicol, ampicillin and trimethoprim - sulfamethoxazole.
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Hudek L, Rai S, Michalczyk A, Rai LC, Neilan BA, Ackland ML. Physiological metal uptake by Nostoc punctiforme. Biometals 2012; 25:893-903. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-012-9556-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Rai S. Author’s reply. Indian J Med Microbiol 2012. [DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.96730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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80
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Wadhwa V, Rai S, Thukral T, Chopra M. Laboratory quality management system: Road to accreditation and beyond. Indian J Med Microbiol 2012; 30:131-40. [DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.96647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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81
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82
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Iqbal M, Rai S, Sadique M, Bhargava P. Numerical simulation of aircraft crash on nuclear containment structure. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2011.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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83
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Rai S, Manchanda V, Singh NP, Kaur IR. Zinc-dependent carbapenemases in clinical isolates of family Enterobacteriaceae. Indian J Med Microbiol 2011; 29:275-9. [PMID: 21860109 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.83912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The emergence and spread of zinc-dependent carbapenem resistance has become a diagnostic challenge for clinical microbiologists. The objective of the present study was to screen zinc-dependent carbapenemase activity in clinical isolates of family Enterobacteriaceae. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 102 multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs), non-repeat clinical isolates of family Enterobacteriaceae from two tertiary care centres in Delhi, were screened for carbapenemase production by a modified Hodge test (MHT) and additionally by a re-modified Hodge test, EDTA double disc synergy test, and combined disc test (or disc enhancement test) to determine zinc dependence of carbapenemases harbouring bacteria. RESULTS Of the total 102 clinical isolates (June through November 2010), 91 were from urine and 11 were from blood specimens. The isolates were obtained from patients visiting the outpatient department (18 isolates), admitted in non-ICU inpatient care units (74 isolates) and patients admitted in ICUs (4 isolates). MHT identified 92 (90.2%) isolates as carbapenemases producers. Among those found negative for MHT (n=10), metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) activity was demonstrated through the EDTA disc diffusion synergy test and the combined disc test in 8 and 9 isolates respectively. A total of 63 (61.7%) isolates demonstrated MBL activity despite in vitro sensitivity to Imipenem. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated that supplementing the MHT with at least one of the screening methods increases the likelihood of picking up such isolates that may be missed by the MHT. The study also demonstrates the wide-spread presence of MBLs in Enterobacteriaceae members from patients visiting hospitals in east Delhi.
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Barry PN, Riley EC, Pan J, Crew JB, Lee K, Jain D, Kruse B, Quillo AR, Rai S, Dragun AE. P2-16-05: Delay of Adjuvant Chemotherapy after Elective Mastectomy and Immediate Reconstruction in Breast Conservation Candidates: A Matched-Pair Analysis. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs11-p2-16-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: To analyze factors that influence the timing of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients who are candidates for breast conservation therapy (BCT) but elect mastectomy with immediate reconstruction (M-IR).
Methods: Using data from the University of Louisville Cancer Registry, we identified 35 consecutively-treated patients with stage I or II breast cancer between 2004 and 2009 who underwent M-IR and adjuvant chemotherapy. These were matched for age and AJCC stage to 35 controls who underwent BCT and adjuvant chemotherapy. We examined the timing of initiation of chemotherapy from the date of surgery and assessed the probability of therapeutic delay using univariate logistic regression and McNemar's test for matched pairs. Results: For the 70 patients included in this study, the median age was 46y (range: 30–65y), and the distribution for stage I, IIA and IIB was 22.9%, 65.7% and 11.4%, respectively. The two groups were well balanced in terms of race, rural/urban status, smoking, diabetes, insurance coverage, and histology. The median time to initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy was 38 days (range: 25–103 days) for BCT and 55 days (range: 30–165 days) for M-IR. Patients undergoing M-IR were more likely to experience any delay (> 45 days; 74.3% vs. 25.7%, p < 0.001) and/or significant delay (>90 days; 20.0% vs. 2.9%, p < 0.001) than those choosing BCT. On univariate logistic regression analysis, the extent of surgery had a major impact on the likelihood of any delay in chemotherapy (OR= 8.35, 95% C.I. = 2.86−24.3, p <0.001). None of the other aforementioned factors predicted for delay. Conclusion: The use of elective mastectomy with immediate reconstruction in breast conservation candidates independently predicts for delay in initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy. Further study is needed to qualify the underlying causes of and ultimate clinical significance of these delays.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-16-05.
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Bokatial L, Rai S. Photoluminescence and Energy Transfer Study of Eu3+ Codoped with CdS Nanoparticles in Silica Glass. J Fluoresc 2011; 22:505-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-011-0984-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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86
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Silan V, Kant S, Goswami K, Rai S, Misra P. P2-475 HIV risk behaviour and prevalence of self reported sexually transmitted diseases among men who have sex with men, registered with selected non-governmental organisations in Delhi, India. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976m.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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87
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Manchanda V, Rai S, Gupta S, Rautela RS, Chopra R, Rawat DS, Verma N, Singh NP, Kaur IR, Bhalla P. Development of TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction for the detection of the newly emerging form of carbapenem resistance gene in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Indian J Med Microbiol 2011; 29:249-53. [DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.83907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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88
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Jain S, Rai S, Prasad K, Dhole T, Ghoshal U, Maurya A. PP-027 Rationale of azithromycin prescribing practices for enteric fever in India. Int J Infect Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1201-9712(11)60180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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89
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Somashekhar SP, Jaka R, Zaveri SS, Rai S. Value of frozen section and primary tumor factors in determining sentinel lymph node metastasis in early breast carcinoma: Indian experience. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e11530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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90
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Dragun AE, Pan J, Riley EC, Kruse BB, Wilson MR, Rai S, Jain D. Increasing use of mastectomy with immediate reconstruction and contralateral prophylactic mastectomy in breast-conservation candidates: A 14-year report from a comprehensive cancer center. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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91
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Kumar S, Alam MN, Rai S, Bashir T, McGinty D, Szymusiak R. Central nervous system sites of the sleep promoting effects of eszopiclone in rats. Neuroscience 2011; 181:67-78. [PMID: 21382446 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effects of eszopiclone (ESZ), a GABA-A receptor agonist in current clinical use as a hypnotic medication, on the activity of subcortical wake- and sleep-active neuronal populations in the rat brain. Sleep-wake states were quantified after i.p. injections of ESZ (3 and 10 mg/kg) or vehicle administered early in the dark phase, when rats are spontaneously awake. Rats were euthanized 2 h post-injection and brain tissue was processed for c-Fos protein immunoreactivity (IR) and for neurotransmitter markers. ESZ at 3 and 10 mg/kg increased time spent in non-rapid-eye-movement (nonREM) sleep, but had no significant effect on Fos-IR in GABAergic neurons in the preoptic hypothalamus that normally express c-Fos during sleep. Among wake-active cell types examined, Fos-IR in hypocretin (HCRT) neurons in the perifornical lateral hypothalamus (LH) was reduced following 3 and 10 mg/kg ESZ. At 10 mg/kg, ESZ suppressed Fos-IR in cholinergic and noncholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain and in serotonergic and nonserotonegic neurons in the dorsal raphe. Having determined that HCRT neurons were responsive to the low dose of systemic ESZ, we unilaterally perfused ESZ directly into the LH of awake rats, using reverse microdialysis. Perfusion of ESZ at 50 μM into the LH for 2 h suppressed waking-related Fos-IR in HCRT neurons, but not in nonHCRT neurons ipsilateral to the dialysis probe. Bilateral LH perfusion of ESZ at 50 μM for 2 h early in the dark phase significantly increased sleep. These findings demonstrate that sleep induction by ESZ does not require activation of GABAergic sleep-regulatory neurons in the preoptic hypothalamus, and identify suppression of HCRT neurons in the LH and suppression of basal forebrain and dorsal raphe neurons as potential mechanisms underlying the sleep-promoting effects of ESZ.
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Tripathi R, Gupta S, Rai S, Mittal PC. Effect of topical application of methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), EDTA on pitting edema and oxidative stress in a double blind, placebo-controlled study. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2011; 57:62-69. [PMID: 21366964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
No pharmacological treatment exists for lower extremity pitting edema, characterized by inflammation, found in chronic venous insufficiency. Treatment with EDTA, an effective metal chelator, was explored because it can modulate free calcium and iron and prevent further free radical production. However, EDTA may not effectively penetrate the cell membrane, hence methylsulfonylmethane(MSM), reported to facilitate transmembrane transport, was added. The effect of topical application of a lotion containing MSM+EDTA was assessed in two phases of a double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial. In phase 1, patients having swelling in the lower extremities were randomly distributed to receive the MSM+EDTA lotion or a placebo (vehicle) alone. In the second phase, patients were given MSM as placebo followed by MSM+EDTA lotion for 2 weeks. The circumference of calf, ankle and foot for both legs were found to decline significantly after 2 weeks of application of the lotion/ but not placebo, and total antioxidant capacity (FRAP) and lipid peroxidation products (MDA), assayed in blood, showed decline in oxidative stress. Application of MSM alone increased the swelling. Thus EDTA+MSM offers an efficacious treatment for lower extremity pitting edema, through reduction in oxidative stress.
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Bhatt A, Zacarias A, Pan J, Rai S, El-Ghamry M. Tumor Volume (GTV) Change before, during, and after Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) for Early Stage Lung Cancer (ESLC). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abdelhamid M, Davies R, Rai S, Hopkins J, Duddy M, Vohra R. Below-the-ankle Angioplasty is a Feasible and Effective Intervention for Critical leg ischaemia. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2010; 39:762-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2010.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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95
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kumar R, Rai S, Kant S, Anand K, Dar L, Singh U. HIV prevalence and MDR TB among DOTS attendees in a rural area of Haryana, India. Int J Infect Dis 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.1812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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96
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Mukherjee PK, Mukherjee D, Maji AK, Rai S, Heinrich M. The sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)– phytochemical and therapeutic profile. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.61.04.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (Nymphaeaceae), also known as sacred lotus, is a well known medicinal plant. This article reviews the traditional uses, phytochemistry and therapeutic reports on different parts of N. nucifera viz. the seeds, rhizomes, leaves and flowers. This review also describes various compounds isolated from different parts of this plant and the therapeutic benefits derived from those phytoconstituents.
Key findings
There are several therapeutic benefits of this plant for which different parts are used. The extracts of rhizomes, seeds, flowers and leaves have been reported to have varied therapeutic potential. Several bioactive compounds have been derived from these plant parts belonging to different chemical groups, including alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, triterpenoid, vitamins etc., which all have their own therapeutic impact. Thus, the pharmacological effects and various active ingredients of different parts of N. nucifera are well understood.
Summary
In this review we explore the current pharmaceutical, phytochemical and pharmacological knowledge about this well known plant species as well as several emerging aspects for research on N. nucifera.
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Otis B, Moritz C, Holleman J, Mishra A, Pandey J, Rai S, Yeager D, Zhang F. Circuit techniques for wireless brain interfaces. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2009; 2009:3213-6. [PMID: 19964058 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2009.5333160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Efficient, miniaturized wireless recording is critical for both existing and emerging health-monitoring applications. One important example of this is in the brain interface community, where new technologies allow improved observation and understanding of brain functions. This, in turn, drives the need for ever smaller, lower power, and higher performance circuitry for chronic recording. This paper describes circuit and system techniques for low power wireless brain interfaces. Active and passive architectures are described and compared, and measured in-vivo data from both are presented.
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Dragun A, Pan J, Jain D, Kruse B, Rai S. Locoregional Recurrence in Patients with Triple-negative Breast Cancer: The Impact of Radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Singh SS, Tiwari SP, Abraham J, Rai S, Rai AK. Magnetobiological Effects on a Cyanobacterium, Anabaena Doliolum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/15368379409030720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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