151
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A normal form for spider diagrams of order. JOURNAL OF VISUAL LANGUAGES AND COMPUTING 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvlc.2014.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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152
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This will make you yawn. New Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0262-4079(14)62444-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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153
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An equivalence study comparing nitrous oxide and oxygen with low-dose sevoflurane and oxygen as inhalation sedation agents in dentistry for adults. Br Dent J 2014; 217:E18. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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154
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Greater fear of hypoglycaemia with premixed insulin than with basal-bolus insulin glargine and glulisine: patient-reported outcomes from a 60-week randomised study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2014; 16:1121-7. [PMID: 24919603 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the effect of initiating insulin treatment on quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in the 60-week All-to-Target trial (NCT00384085). METHODS Patient-reported outcomes from a phase IV, multicentre, randomised, open-label, parallel-group study were analysed. Participants were randomised to: insulin glargine with up to one insulin glulisine injection (G + 1); insulin glargine with stepwise addition of up to three insulin glulisine injections (G + 3); or twice-daily premixed 70/30 insulin protamine-aspart/aspart (PM-2). Patient-reported outcome questionnaires were administered at weeks 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60. RESULTS There were no between-group differences in the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness State-Self Report (PAIS-SR) or in the EuroQoL Group Five-Dimension Self-Report Index Questionnaire (EQ-5D) from baseline to week 60; however, PAIS-SR scores improved significantly over this period in the G + 3 group (p = 0.0016) and EQ-5D scores worsened significantly in the PM-2 group (p = 0.02). Hypoglycemia Fear Survey Behaviour and Worry subscales worsened significantly for all groups, with greater deterioration being observed in the PM-2 group than in the G + 1 group (Behaviour, p = 0.0050; Worry, p = 0.0017) and G + 3 groups (Behaviour, p = 0.0105; Worry, p = 0.0016). Total scores on the Diabetes Quality of Life (DQoL) questionnaire improved more in the G + 3 group than in the PM-2 group over the study period (p = 0.0284), with all groups showing a significant improvement in DQoL score over time. CONCLUSION Insulin glargine-based regimens showed advantages over premixed insulin in a number of patient-reported outcome measures. The potential impact on fear of hypoglycaemia may be of particular relevance when addressing the major barriers to early insulin treatment.
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C-70 * Brain Injury Rehabilitation and Cognitive Therapy: A Program Evaluation of Outcomes. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acu038.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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P169: Multidisciplinary workshop improves medical students’ understanding of disability in older patients. Eur Geriatr Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1878-7649(14)70344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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P176: An innovative communication skills teaching programme equipping clinical medical students with the skills required for interacting with patients with severe dementia. Eur Geriatr Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1878-7649(14)70351-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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158
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P173: The hospital experience of older inpatients and their interaction with medical students from the University of Oxford. Eur Geriatr Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1878-7649(14)70348-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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159
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Vaginal Cancer: Importance of Response to EBRT and Medical Contraindications to Interstitial Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.1543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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160
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Longitudinal alterations in the dynamic autoregulation of optic nerve head blood flow revealed in experimental glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:3509-16. [PMID: 24812551 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To use a novel dynamic autoregulation analysis (dAR) to test the hypothesis that the optic nerve head (ONH) blood flow (BF) autoregulation is disrupted during early stages of experimental glaucoma (EG) in nonhuman primates. METHODS Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT, assessed by optical coherence tomography) and ONH BF (assessed by laser speckle imaging technique) were measured biweekly before and after unilateral laser treatment to the trabecular meshwork. Each nonhuman primate was followed until reaching either an early stage of damage (RNFLT loss < 20%, n = 6) or moderate to advanced stages of damage (RNFLT loss > 20%, n = 9). At each test, dAR was assessed by characterizing ONH BF changes during the first minute of rapid manometrical intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation from 10 to 40 mm Hg. The dAR analysis extracted the following parameters: baseline BF, average BF 10 seconds before IOP elevation; BFΔmax, maximum BF change from baseline BF; Tr, time from baseline BF to the BFΔmax; Kr, average descending BF rate. RESULTS Mean postlaser IOP was 20.2 ± 5.9 and 12.3 ± 2.6 mm Hg in EG and control eyes, respectively (P < 0.0001). Compared with prelaser values, baseline BF was higher in early EG, but lower in moderate to advanced EG (P = 0.01). Tr was increased and Kr was reduced in both stages (P < 0.01). BFΔmax was smaller in the early EG (P = 0.05) and remained low in the moderate to advanced EG (P = 0.15). No changes in the parameters were observed in control eyes. CONCLUSIONS Chronic IOP elevation causes ONH autoregulation dysfunction in the early stage of EG, characterized by a disrupted BF response and delayed Tr, revealed by dAR analysis.
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Limited evidence for adaptive evolution and functional effect of allelic variation at rs702424 in the promoter of the TAS2R16 bitter taste receptor gene in Africa. J Hum Genet 2014; 59:349-52. [PMID: 24785689 PMCID: PMC4075171 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2014.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bitter taste perception, mediated by receptors encoded by the TAS2R loci, has important roles in human health and nutrition. Prior studies have demonstrated that nonsynonymous variation at site 516 in the coding exon of TAS2R16, a bitter taste receptor gene on chromosome 7, has been subject to positive selection and is strongly correlated with differences in sensitivity to salicin, a bitter anti-inflammatory compound, in human populations. However, a recent study suggested that the derived G-allele at rs702424 in the TAS2R16 promoter has also been the target of recent selection and may have an additional effect on the levels of salicin bitter taste perception. Here, we examined alleles at rs702424 for signatures of selection using Extended Haplotype Homozygosity (EHH) and FST statistics in diverse populations from West Central, Central and East Africa. We also performed a genotype-phenotype analysis of salicin sensitivity in a subset of 135 individuals from East Africa. Based on our data, we did not find evidence for positive selection at rs702424 in African populations, suggesting that nucleotide position 516 is likely the site under selection at TAS2R16. Moreover, we did not detect a significant association between rs702424 alleles and salicin bitter taste recognition, implying that this site does not contribute to salicin phenotypic variance. Overall, this study of African diversity provides further information regarding the genetic architecture and evolutionary history of a biologically-relevant trait in humans.
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Parametric transfer function analysis and modeling of blood flow autoregulation in the optic nerve head. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 6:13-22. [PMID: 24665355 PMCID: PMC3961098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to establish a parametric transfer function to describe the relationship between ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) and blood flow (BF) in the optic nerve head (ONH). A third-order parametric theoretical model was proposed to describe the ONH OPP-BF relationship within the lower OPP range of the autoregulation curve (< 80 mmHg) based on experimentally induced BF response to a rapid intraocular pressure (IOP) increase in 6 rhesus monkeys. The theoretical and actual data fitted well and suggest that this parametric third-order transfer function can effectively describe both the linear and nonlinear feature in dynamic and static autoregulation in the ONH within the OPP range studied. It shows that the BF autoregulation fully functions when the OPP was > 40 mmHg and becomes incomplete when the OPP was < 40 mmHg. This model may be used to help investigating the features of autoregulation in the ONH under different experimental conditions.
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166Ho and 90Y labeled 6D2 monoclonal antibody for targeted radiotherapy of melanoma: comparison with 188Re radiolabel. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 41:276-81. [PMID: 24533987 PMCID: PMC5437724 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An approach to radioimmunotherapy (RIT) of metastatic melanoma is the targeting of melanin pigment with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to melanin radiolabeled with therapeutic radionuclides. The proof of principle experiments were performed using a melanin-binding antibody 6D2 of IgM isotype radiolabeled with a β emitter (188)Re and demonstrated the inhibition of tumor growth. In this study we investigated the efficacy of 6D2 antibody radiolabeled with two other longer lived β emitters (90)Y and (166)Ho in treatment of experimental melanoma, with the objective to find a possible correlation between the efficacy and half-life of the radioisotopes which possess high energy β (E(max)>1.5 MeV) emission properties. METHODS 6D2 was radiolabeled with longer lived β emitters (90)Y and (166)Ho in treatment of experimental melanoma in A2058 melanoma tumor-bearing nude mice. The immunoreactivity of the radiolabeled 6D2 mAb, its in vitro binding to the MNT1 human melanoma cells, the biodistribution and therapy in A2058 human melanoma bearing nude mice as well as dosimetry calculations were performed. RESULTS When labeled with the longer lived (90)Y radionuclide, the 6D2 mAb did not produce any therapeutic effect in tumor bearing mice while the reduction of the tumor growth by (166)Ho-6D2 was very similar to the previously reported therapy results for (188)Re-6D2. In addition, (166)Ho-labeled mAb produced the therapeutic effect on the tumor without any toxic effects while the administration of the (90)Y-labeled radioconjugate was toxic to mice with no appreciable anti-tumor effect. CONCLUSIONS (166)Ho-labeled mAb to melanin produced some therapeutic effect on the tumor without any toxic effects while the administration of the (90)Y-labeled radioconjugate was toxic to mice with no appreciable anti-tumor effect. We concluded that the serum half-life of the 6D2 carrier antibody matched well the physical half-life of (166)Ho to deliver the tumoricidal absorbed dose to the tumor. Further investigation of this radionuclide for RIT of melanoma is warranted.
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Static blood flow autoregulation in the optic nerve head in normal and experimental glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:873-80. [PMID: 24436190 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-13716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the static blood flow autoregulation in the optic nerve head (ONH), and to investigate its role in hemodynamic changes in experimental glaucoma (EG). METHODS Unilateral elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) was induced in 15 adult rhesus macaques by laser treatment to the trabecular meshwork. Prior to and after laser treatment, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) was assessed, biweekly, by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Optic nerve head static autoregulation was assessed by determining the percentage blood flow (BF) change after the IOP was acutely increased from 10 to 30, 40, or 50 mm Hg manometrically, utilizing a laser speckle flowgraphy device. RESULTS Postlaser IOP (measured during average 7.7 ± 2.6 months) was 20.2 ± 5.9 mm Hg in EG eyes and 12.3 ± 2.6 mm Hg in control eyes (P < 0.0001). Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was reduced by 33 ± 22% of the baseline values (P < 0.001) on average in EG eyes and by 0.4 ± 2.3% in control eyes (P > 0.05). The ONH BF remained at a constant level within a range of ocular perfusion pressure (OPP), 41 mm Hg and above. The autoregulation curves, created by all 723 tests in control and 352 tests in EG, were not significantly different (P = 0.71). CONCLUSIONS Optic nerve head BF in normal nonhuman primate (NHP) eyes is effectively regulated within a range of OPP approximately 41 mm Hg and above. Chronic IOP elevation causes no remarkable change to the static autoregulation within the ONH of EG eyes.
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Investigating the role of the actin regulating complex ARP2/3 in rapid ischemic tolerance induced neuro-protection. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 5:216-227. [PMID: 24379906 PMCID: PMC3867699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal morphology is highly sensitive to ischemia, although some re-organization may promote neuroprotection. In this study we investigate the role of actin regulating proteins (ARP2, ARP3 and WAVE-1) and their role in rapid ischemic tolerance. Using an established in vitro model of rapid ischemic tolerance, we show that WAVE-1 protein levels are stabilized following brief tolerance inducing ischemia (preconditioning). The stabilization appears to be due to a reduction in the ubiquitination of WAVE-1. Levels of ARP2, ARP3 and N-WASP were not affected by ischemic preconditioning. Immunocytochemical studies show a relocalization of ARP2 and ARP3 proteins in neurons following preconditioning ischemia, as well as a re-organization of actin. Blocking the protein kinase CK2 using emodin blocks ischemic tolerance, and our data suggests CK2 binds to WAVE-1 in neurons. We observe an increase in binding of the ARP2 subunit with WAVE-1. The neuroprotection observed following preconditioning is inhibited when cells are transduced with an N-WASP CA domain that blocks the activation of ARP2/3. Together these data show that ischemia affects actin regulating enzymes, and that the ARP2/3 pathway plays a role in rapid ischemic tolerance induced neuroprotection.
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Origin and differential selection of allelic variation at TAS2R16 associated with salicin bitter taste sensitivity in Africa. Mol Biol Evol 2013; 31:288-302. [PMID: 24177185 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/mst211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bitter taste perception influences human nutrition and health, and the genetic variation underlying this trait may play a role in disease susceptibility. To better understand the genetic architecture and patterns of phenotypic variability of bitter taste perception, we sequenced a 996 bp region, encompassing the coding exon of TAS2R16, a bitter taste receptor gene, in 595 individuals from 74 African populations and in 94 non-Africans from 11 populations. We also performed genotype-phenotype association analyses of threshold levels of sensitivity to salicin, a bitter anti-inflammatory compound, in 296 individuals from Central and East Africa. In addition, we characterized TAS2R16 mutants in vitro to investigate the effects of polymorphic loci identified at this locus on receptor function. Here, we report striking signatures of positive selection, including significant Fay and Wu's H statistics predominantly in East Africa, indicating strong local adaptation and greater genetic structure among African populations than expected under neutrality. Furthermore, we observed a "star-like" phylogeny for haplotypes with the derived allele at polymorphic site 516 associated with increased bitter taste perception that is consistent with a model of selection for "high-sensitivity" variation. In contrast, haplotypes carrying the "low-sensitivity" ancestral allele at site 516 showed evidence of strong purifying selection. We also demonstrated, for the first time, the functional effect of nonsynonymous variation at site 516 on salicin phenotypic variance in vivo in diverse Africans and showed that most other nonsynonymous substitutions have weak or no effect on cell surface expression in vitro, suggesting that one main polymorphism at TAS2R16 influences salicin recognition. Additionally, we detected geographic differences in levels of bitter taste perception in Africa not previously reported and infer an East African origin for high salicin sensitivity in human populations.
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Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Does Not Affect Cellular Energy Metabolism Measured by 31-Phosphorus Mr Spectroscopy: a Randomized Crossover Trial. Can J Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.07.538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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168
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Quantitative Evaluation of Neurovascular Bundle Doses in Low-Dose-Rate Prostate Brachytherapy Using I-125 Seeds. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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169
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Rates of cognitive impairment and delirium in Oxfordshire community hospitals: A consecutive patient audit using the AMTS, CAM and MoCA. Eur Geriatr Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2013.07.655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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170
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Elder abuse recognition among acute general medicine doctors in Oxford University Trust. Eur Geriatr Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2013.07.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Geriatric outreach for acute surgical patients in Oxford. Eur Geriatr Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2013.07.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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172
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The prevalence of depression in elderly in-patients in community hospitals. Eur Geriatr Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2013.07.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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173
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Physician response to medtronic's position on the use of off-label medications in the synchromed pump. Pain Physician 2013; 16:415-417. [PMID: 24077188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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174
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Strain characterisation in nanocrystalline ceramics: the laser pump-probe technique. Acta Crystallogr A 2013. [DOI: 10.1107/s010876731309510x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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175
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Strain characterisation in nanocrystalline ceramics: the laser pump-probe technique. Acta Crystallogr A 2013. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767313098565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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176
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Fully Bayesian hierarchical modelling in two stages, with application to meta-analysis. J R Stat Soc Ser C Appl Stat 2013; 62:551-572. [PMID: 24223435 PMCID: PMC3814003 DOI: 10.1111/rssc.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Meta-analysis is often undertaken in two stages, with each study analysed separately in stage 1 and estimates combined across studies in stage 2. The study-specific estimates are assumed to arise from normal distributions with known variances equal to their corresponding estimates. In contrast, a one-stage analysis estimates all parameters simultaneously. A Bayesian one-stage approach offers additional advantages, such as the acknowledgement of uncertainty in all parameters and greater flexibility. However, there are situations when a two-stage strategy is compelling, e.g. when study-specific analyses are complex and/or time consuming. We present a novel method for fitting the full Bayesian model in two stages, hence benefiting from its advantages while retaining the convenience and flexibility of a two-stage approach. Using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, posteriors for the parameters of interest are derived separately for each study. These are then used as proposal distributions in a computationally efficient second stage. We illustrate these ideas on a small binomial data set; we also analyse motivating data on the growth and rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysms. The two-stage Bayesian approach closely reproduces a one-stage analysis when it can be undertaken, but can also be easily carried out when a one-stage approach is difficult or impossible.
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The relationship between scoliosis and balance in a population of adolescents with AIS. SCOLIOSIS 2013. [PMCID: PMC3675345 DOI: 10.1186/1748-7161-8-s1-o5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Cognitive decline as a result of impaired sleep and glucose levels during chemotherapy treatment in breast cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e20713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e20713 Background: Sleep efficiency might be altered during chemotherapy treatment. Cognitive decline has been associated with sleep disruption, impaired glucose levels, and chemotherapy treatment. We hypothesize that the biological factors considered in this study are playing an important role. Anecdotical reports have shown discrepancy with neuropsychological batteries results, therefore a qualitative interview and memory self-reports will be conducted for the cancer group. Methods: A sample of 32 Breast cancer patients and 29 healthy controls has been recruited in the Dorset area in the UK. The chemotherapy group will be tested three times within de course of their treatment (baseline, mid-treatment, after treatment). The radiotherapy participants will be tested three times within a period of four months, and the healthy control group two times within a four-month period. A subset of chemotherapy participants will be tested six months after chemotherapy. A neuropsychological battery is being used to assess cognitive function, and sleep efficiency is analysed using a sleep monitor and validated self-reports; Furthermore, glucose levels will be analysed for the chemotherapy group, and an online semi-qualitative interview will be conducted for cancer patients for a thematic analysis, along with a Prospective Memory questionnaire. Results: Preliminary data shows that sleep efficiency is disturbed during the course of chemotherapy, although not statistically significant, there is a trend in decreased sleep efficiency percentage when we compared baseline and mid-chemotherapy assessment The strongest tendency is observed on the PSQI self-report, showing an increase in Global PSQI score . Glucose levels show an increase during mid-treatment, although preliminary analyses show no significant effect. Memory data is still under scrutiny and more data will be reported at the poster presentation, along with assessments for times three and four. Conclusions: The inclusion of a semi-qualitative study will add a very important information to this study when test results are compered with anecdotical and self-reports.
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Predictors of self-injurious behaviour exhibited by individuals with autism spectrum disorder. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2013; 57:429-439. [PMID: 22998594 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2012.01628.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Presence of an autism spectrum disorder is a risk factor for development of self-injurious behaviour (SIB) exhibited by individuals with developmental disorders. The most salient SIB risk factors historically studied within developmental disorders are level of intellectual disability, communication deficits and presence of specific genetic disorders. Recent SIB research has expanded the search for risk factors to include less commonly studied variables for people with developmental disorders: negative affect, hyperactivity and impulsivity. METHOD A heterogeneous sample of 617 individuals with autism spectrum disorder diagnoses was derived from the National Database of Autism Research. Latent constructs were estimated from items of the community version of the Aberrant Behaviour Checklist. Structural equation modelling was used to assess whether impulsivity, hyperactivity, negative affect, severity of stereotypy, intellectual functioning or severity of autism symptoms predicted severity of SIB. RESULTS Impulsivity (β = 0.46), followed by intellectual functioning (β = -0.39), and stereotypy (β = 0.23) were the variables most highly predictive of increased SIB; impulsivity and stereotypy remained significant predictors of SIB after severity of autism symptoms and intelligence quotient (IQ) were controlled for. CONCLUSIONS High levels of impulsivity and stereotypy were significant predictors of SIB in a large and diverse sample of people with confirmed autism diagnoses. Future research is needed on the effects of reducing impulsivity and stereotypy on the outcomes of treatment, early intervention and attempts to prevent the development of SIB.
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Oral Abstracts 1: Connective Tissue Disease * O1. Long-Term Outcomes of Children Born to Mothers with SLE. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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181
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Artemin-GFRα3 interactions partially contribute to acute inflammatory hypersensitivity. Neurosci Lett 2013; 545:23-8. [PMID: 23603259 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The expression of artemin (ARTN), a glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family ligand, increases in pre-clinical models of nociception and recent evidence suggests this growth factor may play a causative role in inflammatory pain mechanisms. The aim of this study was to demonstrate functional inhibition of ARTN with monoclonal antibodies and to determine whether ARTN neutralisation could reverse inflammatory pain in mice. We show that monoclonal antibodies with high affinity to ARTN, completely inhibit ARTN-induced Ret and ERK activation in a human neuroblastoma cell line, and block capsaicin-induced CGRP secretion from primary rat DRG cultures. In addition, administration of anti-ARTN antibodies to mice provides a transient, partial reversal (41%) of FCA-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. Anti-ARTN antibodies had no effect on hypersensitivity in response to partial nerve ligation in mice. These data suggest that ARTN-GFRα3 interactions partially mediate early stage nociceptive signalling following an inflammatory insult.
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First report of ‘
Candidatus
Liberibacter europaeus’ associated with psyllid infested Scotch broom. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5197/j.2044-0588.2013.027.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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184
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Identifying and Addressing the Barriers to the Use of an Internet-Register for Multiple Sclerosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND INFORMATICS 2013. [DOI: 10.4018/jhisi.2013010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Given the potential of health internet-registers, this study examined how such registers can be made more effective and efficient. This involved investigating the actual barriers to usage experienced by those for whom such registers are established to help. To elicit responses regarding the opinions, views, and experiences of participants, concerning their various reasons for non-progression or non-completion of the pilot UK MS Register, a list of ten potential key areas of difficulty, in the form of short statements, was e-mailed to participants. A content analysis revealed that there were four main areas of concern that could represent potential barriers for health internet-registers, in general, and that need to be considered when establishing, designing, and developing such registers: technical aspects of using the internet; computer literacy and ability, encompassing website design, clarity, and user-friendliness; symptom mismatches with register content; and condition-specific effects and impacts as barriers to internet-register use.
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185
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Dosimetric consideration of transient volume enlargement induced by edema in prostate brachytherapy seed implants. Gulf J Oncolog 2013; 1:6-14. [PMID: 23339976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate enlargement of prostate volume by edema during brachytherapy seed implantation and develop a nomogram model to calculate air-kerma strength (AKS) required for implantation of the enlarged transient prostatic volume. MATERIALS AND METHODS The prostate volume was measured prior and after seed implantation using trans-rectal ultrasound imaging in the operating room to obtain volume enlargement. A nomogram model was developed that calculates AKS required for implantation of the enlarged transient prostate volume with optimal dose coverage. RESULTS The measured prostate enlargement in this study was up to 60% of the initial volume. The effective prostatic volume enlargement was calculated for three isotopes: 125I, 103Pd and 131Cs. The effective volume enlargement for 125I implants was relatively small (< 10%) because of its long half-life. For 103Pd and 131Cs with short half-lives, additional AKS up to 20% and 30%, respectively, might be required to provide appropriate dose coverage of possible enlarged prostatic volumes. CONCLUSIONS Prostate volume enlargement should be considered to obtain optimal dose coverage particularly for short half-life isotopes such as 131Cs and 103Pd. The nomogram model developed in this work provides the AKS required for implants with a wide range of prostatic volume enlargements (5-100%) for three isotopes. KEYWORDS prostate brachytherapy; nomogram; air-kerma strength; edema; volume enlargement.
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186
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Rurality Does Matter for Heart Failure Outcomes in Western Australia. Heart Lung Circ 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2013.05.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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187
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Rash in an octogenarian. Intern Med J 2013; 43:103-4. [DOI: 10.1111/imj.12021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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188
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A descriptive study of lateral spondylolisthesis in patients with adult scoliosis. SCOLIOSIS 2012. [PMCID: PMC3304942 DOI: 10.1186/1748-7161-7-s1-p13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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189
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A comparison of static vs dynamic surface topography measurements in the evaluation of scoliosis. SCOLIOSIS 2012. [PMCID: PMC3304844 DOI: 10.1186/1748-7161-7-s1-p12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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190
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The effect of patient positioning during radiographs on the resulting Cobb angle measurements. SCOLIOSIS 2012. [PMCID: PMC3304917 DOI: 10.1186/1748-7161-7-s1-o12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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191
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Using natural experiments to evaluate population health interventions: new Medical Research Council guidance. J Epidemiol Community Health 2012; 66:1182-6. [PMID: 22577181 PMCID: PMC3796763 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2011-200375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 533] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Natural experimental studies are often recommended as a way of understanding the health impact of policies and other large scale interventions. Although they have certain advantages over planned experiments, and may be the only option when it is impossible to manipulate exposure to the intervention, natural experimental studies are more susceptible to bias. This paper introduces new guidance from the Medical Research Council to help researchers and users, funders and publishers of research evidence make the best use of natural experimental approaches to evaluating population health interventions. The guidance emphasises that natural experiments can provide convincing evidence of impact even when effects are small or take time to appear. However, a good understanding is needed of the process determining exposure to the intervention, and careful choice and combination of methods, testing of assumptions and transparent reporting is vital. More could be learnt from natural experiments in future as experience of promising but lesser used methods accumulates.
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192
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The value of education in special care dentistry as a means of reducing inequalities in oral health. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2012; 16:195-201. [PMID: 23050499 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0579.2012.00736.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
People with disability are subject to inequality in oral health both in terms of prevalence of disease and unmet healthcare needs. Over 18% of the global population is living with moderate to severe functional problems related to disability, and a large proportion of these persons will require Special Care Dentistry at some point in their lifetime. It is estimated that 90% of people requiring Special Care Dentistry should be able to access treatment in a local, primary care setting. Provision of such primary care is only possible through the education and training of dentists. The literature suggests that it is vital for the dental team to develop the necessary skills and gain experience treating people with special needs in order to ensure access to the provision of oral health care. Education in Special Care Dentistry worldwide might be improved by the development of a recognised academic and clinical discipline and by providing international curricula guidelines based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF, WHO). This article aims to discuss the role and value of promoting and harmonising education in Special Care Dentistry as a means of reducing inequalities in oral health.
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193
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Low vision and falls: Specialist clinics compared in relation to the UK vision strategy. Eur Geriatr Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2012.07.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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194
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Selenium for malnutrition in hemodialysis patients: have we considered all of the elements? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 28:498-500. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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195
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Sources of Discovery, Reasons for Registration, and Expectations of an Internet-Based Register for Multiple Sclerosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND INFORMATICS 2012. [DOI: 10.4018/jhisi.2012070103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Internet-registers are having an increasing role in healthcare informatics. Understanding the motivations and expectations of people choosing to use such registers is important, and these aspects were investigated regarding people with MS who registered on the UK MS Register. An objective was to explore relationships between these factors and the source from which participants first learned about this Register, as this is relevant to how registers are publicised. The responses from a large number of participants (N = 2,675) to questions about the source by which they discovered the Register, why they registered, and how they thought it should be used, were qualitatively analysed using a ‘word cloud’ technique and traditional content analysis strategy to provide a more detailed analysis. The significant trends that emerged from these analyses were the importance to the participants of: studying MS; raising awareness about MS; improving and developing services and policies regarding MS; assisting others with MS; the Register as a resource for people with, and affected by, MS; the Register as an aid to themselves; and it being an open resource for all professionals and government bodies.
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196
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Prospective and working memory decline as a result of impaired sleep and/or impared blood glucose in breast cancer patients during chemotherapy treatment. J Clin Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.tps9148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TPS9148 Background: Breast cancer patients might develop impaired sleep patterns during chemotherapy, and impaired cognitive function has been associated with sleep patterns disruption. It has been suggested that sleepiness (sleep tendency) in cancer patients is prevalent and causes distress in the patient’s quality of life, that and their cognitive abilities are also affected. Furthermore, increased blood glucose levels among women undergoing chemotherapy may contrubute to memory deficits in breast cancer patients. It is proposed that Prospective and Working Memory are being affected by the disturbance of these biological factors over the course of chemotherapy. Methods: Ninety participants will be invited to take part in the study. Thirty will be breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy treatment, thirty breast cancer patients receiving treatment other than chemotheray, and thirty healthy controls. Measures of sleep and sleepiness, will be administered at 4 testing sessions during a 9-month period, along with a neuropsychological battery. Additionally, blood samples will be analysed. Eight of planned 60 cancer patients have been enrolled, and four of them have completed the second testing session. For the assessment of sleep/wake activity, participants will be required to wear a sleeping monitor (sensewear armband) for 7 days. Pupil dilatation to observe sleepiness will be meassured by using a Pupillometry developed at Poole hospital in the UK. Prospective Memory will be assessed using CAMPROMT test to analyse if this is a more sensitive measure for mild cognitive impairment. Discussion: Impairment on variables such as sleep, sleepiness and glucose have not been studied within the context of Chemo-Brain on breast cancer patients.Therefore we want to observe whether impaired sleep and sleepiness, and impaired glucose levels are at the core of Prospective and Working Memory decline in Chemo-Brain patients in order to find a cause-and-effect relationship as a consequence of chemotherapy.
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197
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ROCView: prototype software for data collection in jackknife alternative free-response receiver operating characteristic analysis. Br J Radiol 2012; 85:1320-6. [PMID: 22573294 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/99497945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
ROCView has been developed as an image display and response capture (IDRC) solution to image display and consistent recording of reader responses in relation to the free-response receiver operating characteristic paradigm. A web-based solution to IDRC for observer response studies allows observations to be completed from any location, assuming that display performance and viewing conditions are consistent with the study being completed. The simplistic functionality of the software allows observations to be completed without supervision. ROCView can display images from multiple modalities, in a randomised order if required. Following registration, observers are prompted to begin their image evaluation. All data are recorded via mouse clicks, one to localise (mark) and one to score confidence (rate) using either an ordinal or continuous rating scale. Up to nine "mark-rating" pairs can be made per image. Unmarked images are given a default score of zero. Upon completion of the study, both true-positive and false-positive reports can be downloaded and adapted for analysis. ROCView has the potential to be a useful tool in the assessment of modality performance difference for a range of imaging methods.
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198
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High-Speed Planning and Reducing Memory Usage of a Precomputed Search Tree Using Pruning. Adv Robot 2012. [DOI: 10.1163/016918610x493660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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199
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The influence of body mass index (BMI) on the reproducibility of surface topography measurements. SCOLIOSIS 2012. [PMCID: PMC3305309 DOI: 10.1186/1748-7161-7-s1-o18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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200
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A comparison of authomatic vs. manual detection of anatomical landmarks during surface topography evaluation using the formtric 4D system. SCOLIOSIS 2012. [PMCID: PMC3305249 DOI: 10.1186/1748-7161-7-s1-o19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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