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Bowry R, Parker S, Rajan SS, Yamal JM, Wu TC, Richardson L, Noser E, Persse D, Jackson K, Grotta JC. Benefits of Stroke Treatment Using a Mobile Stroke Unit Compared With Standard Management: The BEST-MSU Study Run-In Phase. Stroke 2015; 46:3370-4. [PMID: 26508753 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.011093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Faster treatment with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is likely to improve outcomes. Optimizing prehospital triage by mobile stroke units (MSUs) may speed treatment times. The Benefits of Stroke Treatment Delivered Using a Mobile Stroke Unit (BEST-MSU) study was launched in May 2014 using the first MSU in the United States to compare stroke management using an MSU versus standard management (SM). Herein, we describe the results of the prespecified, nonrandomized run-in phase designed to obtain preliminary data on study logistics. METHODS The run-in phase consisted of 8 MSU weeks when all-patient care occurred on the MSU and 2 SM weeks when the MSU nurse met personnel on scene or at the emergency department to ensure comparability with MSU patients. Telemedicine was independently performed in 9 MSU cases. RESULTS Of 130 alerts, 24 MSU and 2 SM patients were enrolled. Twelve of 24 MSU patients received tPA on board; 4 were treated within 60 minutes of last seen normal, and 4 went on to endovascular treatment. There were no hemorrhagic complications. Four had primary intracerebral hemorrhage. Agreement on tPA eligibility between the onsite and telemedicine physician was 90%. CONCLUSIONS The run-in phase provided a tPA treatment rate of 1.5 patients per week, assured us that treatment within 60 minutes of onset is possible, and enabled enrollment of patients on SM weeks. We also recognized the opportunity to assess the effect of the MSU on endovascular treatment and intracerebral hemorrhage. Challenges include the need to control biased patient selection on MSU versus SM weeks and establish inter-rater agreement for tPA treatment using telemedicine.
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Sanchez-Ramirez DC, Parker S, Barner A, Chen Y, Voaklander D, Svenson LW. Estimating the Burden of Injuries Among the Métis Nation of Alberta, Canada. Eur J Public Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv175.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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78
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Smith DM, Harland K, Parker S, Shelton N, Thompson C. PP61 Indices of food poverty: objective measurement of population-level prevalence using secondary data. Br J Soc Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2015-206256.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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79
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80
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Parker S. SU-D-BRD-07: Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Statistical Process Control Methods to Detect Systematic Errors For Routine Electron Energy Verification. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4923873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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81
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Kendi AT, Parker S, Parker D, Barron B. A case of granulomatous slack skin cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: PET/CT imaging findings. BJR Case Rep 2015; 1:20150052. [PMID: 30363213 PMCID: PMC6159163 DOI: 10.1259/bjrcr.20150052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A 24-year-old female presented with granulomatous slack skin (GSS) cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. The patient underwent systemic chemotherapy. Owing to the development of several chemotherapy-related complications, therapy was discontinued. Subsequently, disease progression was noted clinically. Our patient’s disease progression was clearly demonstrated by 18F-fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET)/CT findings. PET/CT imaging findings of GSS have not yet previously been reported. In this report, we present PET/CT characteristics of a patient with GSS.
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Rajan SS, Rajan S, Baraniuk S, Parker S, Wu TC, Bowry R, Grotta JC. Implementing a mobile stroke unit program in the United States: why, how, and how much? JAMA Neurol 2015; 72:229-34. [PMID: 25485723 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.3618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE There are many ways a mobile stroke unit (MSU) might prove valuable for patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, such as earlier recognition, more accurate triage, improved management of blood pressure and other critical physiological variables, and eventually earlier implementation of effective therapies. The MSU may be particularly valuable for treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) within 4.5 hours of symptom onset, the most evidence-based effective emergency treatment for the most prevalent stroke diagnosis. OBJECTIVES To review existing data on prehospital stroke treatment, especially relevant to MSU technology, to identify gaps in our understanding of MSU feasibility, especially relevant to applying the MSU strategy in the United States, and to describe the Houston MSU program and clinical trial. EVIDENCE REVIEW Published data from English-language journals in PubMed from 1995 to present reviewing early treatment with tPA and prehospital stroke evaluation and treatment. FINDINGS The MSU may result in an overall shift toward earlier evaluation and treatment with tPA, particularly into the first hour after symptom onset, leading to substantially better outcomes. As a result of improved clinical outcomes owing to earlier treatment, the costs of an MSU program may be offset by a reduction in the costs of long-term stroke care and an increase in quality-adjusted life-years, thereby supporting more widespread use of this technology. To make MSU deployment more practical, the vascular neurologist aboard the MSU must be replaced by a remote vascular neurologist connected to the MSU by telemedicine, reducing manpower requirements and costs. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The MSU strategy could dramatically transform the way acute stroke is managed in the United States. A prospective study evaluating the logistics, outcomes, and cost-effectiveness of this approach is needed and under way.
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Price CJ, Donnelly TD, Giltrap S, Stuart NH, Parker S, Patankar S, Lowe HF, Drew D, Gumbrell ET, Smith RA. An in-vacuo optical levitation trap for high-intensity laser interaction experiments with isolated microtargets. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:033502. [PMID: 25832224 DOI: 10.1063/1.4908285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on the design, construction, and characterisation of a new class of in-vacuo optical levitation trap optimised for use in high-intensity, high-energy laser interaction experiments. The system uses a focused, vertically propagating continuous wave laser beam to capture and manipulate micro-targets by photon momentum transfer at much longer working distances than commonly used by optical tweezer systems. A high speed (10 kHz) optical imaging and signal acquisition system was implemented for tracking the levitated droplets position and dynamic behaviour under atmospheric and vacuum conditions, with ±5 μm spatial resolution. Optical trapping of 10 ± 4 μm oil droplets in vacuum was demonstrated, over timescales of >1 h at extended distances of ∼40 mm from the final focusing optic. The stability of the levitated droplet was such that it would stay in alignment with a ∼7 μm irradiating beam focal spot for up to 5 min without the need for re-adjustment. The performance of the trap was assessed in a series of high-intensity (10(17) W cm(-2)) laser experiments that measured the X-ray source size and inferred free-electron temperature of a single isolated droplet target, along with a measurement of the emitted radio-frequency pulse. These initial tests demonstrated the use of optically levitated microdroplets as a robust target platform for further high-intensity laser interaction and point source studies.
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Robertson C, King D, Bagge S, Allen N, Parker S, Piper L, Wade T, Beezhold J. Service Evaluation of Headucate’s Educational Intervention to Reduce Stigma and Increase Mental Health Literacy Among School Children. Eur Psychiatry 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(15)30953-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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85
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Parker S, Persse D, Noser E, Richardson L, Flanagan T, Grotta J. Abstract 52: Establishing the First Mobile Stroke Unit in the United States. Stroke 2015. [DOI: 10.1161/str.46.suppl_1.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
A Mobile Stroke Unit (MSU) delivers Emergency Department (ED) care in the pre-hospital setting. We describe establishing the first MSU in the U.S.
Methods:
A full time Medical Director and Project Manager took ownership of the project. A funding plan was developed to build,staff and supply the unit for 3 years. An ambulance company donated a standard ambulance. MSU build-out began after purchase of the CT scanner. A consortium of stakeholders was formed including leaders of the stroke programs and EDs of the city’s 3 Comprehensive Stroke Centers (CSCs) and Houston Emergency Medical Services (EMS). Policies and procedures were developed to obtain both state and city health department licensing and inspection, and an accountability system to maintain the unit to standards. Radiation safety certification was obtained from the state health department. Radiation safety experts inspected the vehicle,obtained rad. measurements and designed safety procedures,confirming minimal risk. Insurance on the vehicle and all equipment was obtained.
Staffing was hired,and a secure location to park the MSU with electrical hook-up and an office were located. An EMS education program was carried out and communication pathway developed enabling immediate MSU dispatch within a 5 mile radius following a 911 call, as well as for first-responders to activate the MSU. A study protocol was written to evaluate logistics,cost-effectiveness,telemedicine (TM) vs. on-scene decisions and patient outcomes. A HIPPA-compliant technology grid enabled viewing of CT images by the TM team and receiving hospital radiologist.
Results:
The MSU effort began in March 2013 and the MSU received Feb 4, 2014. The Houston MSU is a standard 12’ ambulance staffed by a neurologist and registered nurse with stroke expertise, CT tech, and paramedic, with TM connectivity, responding to acute stroke dispatches daily from 8a-6p. All MSU management is standard of care; patient consent is not required except to include patient data. This includes a non-con head CT, point of care labs, blood pressure management and if necessary advanced life support.
Conclusion:
The Houston MSU treated its first patient on May16,2014, and is carrying out acute stroke treatment within 10-18 minutes of arrival on location.
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McDonald MM, Wetzel J, Elliott A, Bowry R, Kawano-Castillo JF, Cai C, Sangha N, Messier J, Hassler A, Archeval-Lao J, Parker S, Rahbar MH, Grotta JC. Abstract T P57: TEG Does Not Correlate with Clot Subtype or Clinical Response to tPA. Stroke 2015. [DOI: 10.1161/str.46.suppl_1.tp57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Thromboelastography (TEG) measures coagulation status in venous blood. tPA thrombolysis is affected by multiple variables including whether clots are erythrocyte or platelet-rich. We hypothesized that TEG would correlate with clot subtype and response to tPA including rapid clinical improvement (RCI), recanalization, and hemorrhagic transformation (HT).
Methods:
176 acute ischemic stroke patients between 11/09 and 06/14 treated with tPA were prospectively enrolled. Venous blood for TEG was drawn before and 10 minutes after tPA bolus. Pre-tPA measures of speed and strength of clot formation (R, Delta, K, Angle, MA, and G) and post-tPA measure of clot lysis (LY30) were analyzed. Hyperdense artery (HDA) on CT was a biomarker for erythrocyte-rich clot. RCI was defined as 8 point improvement on NIHSS or total NIHSS of 0,1 at 36 hours. HT was defined as any blood on follow up imaging within 36 hours. Recanalization was defined as resolution of baseline vascular occlusion on follow up CT or MR angiogram within 36 hours. Multivariable linear regression models compared TEG parameters after adjusting for potential confounding and interactive effects.
Results:
No differences in pre- or post-tPA TEG were found between patients with (n=32) or without (n=102) RCI. Also, there was no correlation between TEG and HDA on CT. Clot strength was decreased in patients with recanalization (lower MA and G, p = 0.02 and p = 0.03). Clotting was slightly prolonged (longer delta, p = 0.046) in patients with HT.
Discussion:
Our data do not show a robust association between TEG and clot subtype or clinical response to tPA. It is likely that arterial clot lysis is determined by factors unrelated to coagulation status as measured by TEG in the venous circulation. Though we found a correlation between TEG and recanalization, the number of patients with recanalization data was too small to detect an effect on clinical outcome. Similar to our previous findings, speed of clot formation may be related to risk of bleeding.
Conclusion:
It is unlikely that TEG will be useful in guiding tPA therapy. Future research should focus on local arterial influences on clot lysis. Further study of TEG in hemorrhage is indicated.
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Huang RSP, McDonald MM, Wetzel JS, Kawano-Castillo J, Parker S, Archeval-Lao J, Cai C, Rahbar MH, Nguyen AND, Baba SJ, Grotta JC. Clot Strength as Measured by Thrombelastography Correlates with Platelet Reactivity in Stroke Patients. ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY SCIENCE 2015; 45:301-307. [PMID: 26116594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Platelet reactivity may be important in the management of patients with stroke. However, degree of platelet reactivity has not been correlated with Thrombelastography (TEG(®)) parameters in stroke. We sought to detect a correlation between TEG(®) values and clot platelet reactivity in ex vivo clots of stroke patients. METHODS We collected venous blood from 40 patients with stroke. TEG(®) measurements were carried out and residual clots were fixed in 10% formalin immediately following completion of TEG(®). The formalin specimens were embedded in paraffin blocks, cut at 4 micrometers, and stained with CD 61 (immunohistochemical stain used to detect platelets) with appropriate controls. Under light microscopy, three pathologists blinded to TEG(®) results independently graded CD61 intensity (how aggregated/intense the CD61 stained) into a low and high group, as a proposed measurement representing the platelet reactivity of the clot. We compared pre-tPA-TEG(®) values among groups with different CD 61 intensities. RESULTS After adjusting for confounding factors, we found statistically significant correlation between CD61 staining and several TEG(®) parameters (Delta and CD61 staining intensity (p=0.047); Angle and CD61 staining intensity grade (p=0.04); and G and CD61 staining intensity grade (p=0.04)). CONCLUSIONS Clot strength on TEG(®) as measured by Delta, Angle, and G correlates with a clot with greater platelet reactivity.
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Tedd H, McBrearty C, Parker S, Bourke S, Peel E, Cooper D. 45: Medical thoracoscopy: outcomes and complications of procedures carried out over a 12 month period. Lung Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(15)50045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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89
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Bahrami M, Parker S, Blackman I. Erratum. Contemp Nurse 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10376178.2008.11002381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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90
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Bahrami M, Parker S, Blackman I. Erratum. Contemp Nurse 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10376178.2009.11009739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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91
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Siddiqui BM, Parker S, Barry M, Moore D, Mangwani J. Consequences of a missed ankle dislocation in an adolescent. Foot (Edinb) 2014; 24:195-9. [PMID: 25248471 DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ankle dislocation without associated malleolar fracture(s) remains a rare presentation, especially in adolescence. Identified and treated promptly, these injuries can result in good to excellent outcome. We present an anterior ankle dislocation in a 14 year old, missed for approximately 12 months, necessitating multiple surgical interventions to provide a pain-free and stable joint. A review of the current literature is also provided.
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Chamberlain S, Birring S, Clarke L, Douiri A, Parker S, Fowler S, Hull J, Chung K, Pandyan A, Garrod R. P3 Efficacy Of A Physiotherapy, Speech And Language Therapy Intervention (psalti) On Health Related Quality Of Life (hrqol) For Patients With Refractory Chronic Cough: A Randomised Control Trial. Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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93
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Heumann T, Esiashvili N, Parker S, Switchenko J, Lechowicz M, Flowers C, Khan M. Total Skin Electron Irradiation (TSEI) Using Rotational Technique for Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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94
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Parker S, Reichert D, Serre T. Selectivity for non-accidental properties emerges from learning object transformation sequences. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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95
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Liao J, Cecil D, Reichow J, Parker S, Higgins D, Childs J, Broussard E, Coveler A, Salazar L, Disis M. A phase I trial of a DNA plasmid-based vaccine targeting insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) in patients with advanced ovarian cancer: Preliminary safety and immunogenicity. Gynecol Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.03.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Davies N, Field D, Amaral-Zettler L, Clark MS, Deck J, Drummond A, Faith DP, Geller J, Gilbert J, Glöckner FO, Hirsch PR, Leong JA, Meyer C, Obst M, Planes S, Scholin C, Vogler AP, Gates RD, Toonen R, Berteaux-Lecellier V, Barbier M, Barker K, Bertilsson S, Bicak M, Bietz MJ, Bobe J, Bodrossy L, Borja A, Coddington J, Fuhrman J, Gerdts G, Gillespie R, Goodwin K, Hanson PC, Hero JM, Hoekman D, Jansson J, Jeanthon C, Kao R, Klindworth A, Knight R, Kottmann R, Koo MS, Kotoulas G, Lowe AJ, Marteinsson VT, Meyer F, Morrison N, Myrold DD, Pafilis E, Parker S, Parnell JJ, Polymenakou PN, Ratnasingham S, Roderick GK, Rodriguez-Ezpeleta N, Schonrogge K, Simon N, Valette-Silver NJ, Springer YP, Stone GN, Stones-Havas S, Sansone SA, Thibault KM, Wecker P, Wichels A, Wooley JC, Yahara T, Zingone A. The founding charter of the Genomic Observatories Network. Gigascience 2014; 3:2. [PMID: 24606731 PMCID: PMC3995929 DOI: 10.1186/2047-217x-3-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The co-authors of this paper hereby state their intention to work together to launch the Genomic Observatories Network (GOs Network) for which this document will serve as its Founding Charter. We define a Genomic Observatory as an ecosystem and/or site subject to long-term scientific research, including (but not limited to) the sustained study of genomic biodiversity from single-celled microbes to multicellular organisms.An international group of 64 scientists first published the call for a global network of Genomic Observatories in January 2012. The vision for such a network was expanded in a subsequent paper and developed over a series of meetings in Bremen (Germany), Shenzhen (China), Moorea (French Polynesia), Oxford (UK), Pacific Grove (California, USA), Washington (DC, USA), and London (UK). While this community-building process continues, here we express our mutual intent to establish the GOs Network formally, and to describe our shared vision for its future. The views expressed here are ours alone as individual scientists, and do not necessarily represent those of the institutions with which we are affiliated.
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Allen N, Robertson C, Parker S, Bhutto A, Lavarack R, Piper L, Smith R, Wade T, Beezhold J. EPA-0554 – Recruitment and training of Headucate members to enable the delivery of a school-based educational intervention. Eur Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(14)77946-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Barber J, Rumsby E, Parker S, Mohebati L, Venables S, Lawson K, Scanlon T, Memon A. OP02 Women’s Views on Smoking Cessation Services and National Tobacco Control Measures. Br J Soc Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2013-203126.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Barber J, Rumsby E, Parker S, Mohebati L, Venables S, Lawson K, Scanlon T, Memon A. PP75 What Factors are Important in Smoking Cessation and Relapse in Women from Deprived Communities? – A Qualitative Study. Br J Soc Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2013-203126.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Parker S. The use of diffuse laser photonic energy and indocyanine green photosensitiser as an adjunct to periodontal therapy. Br Dent J 2013; 215:167-71. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2013.790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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