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Cohen S, Sabik N, Azzoli A, Mendez-Luck C. GENDER MODIFIES RACIAL DISPARITIES IN CAREGIVING INTENSITY & QUALITY OF LIFE IN INFORMAL CARERS: A POPULATION STUDY. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Cohen S, Volandes A, Shaffer M, Hanson L, Habtemariam D, Mitchell S. CONCORDANCE BETWEEN ADVANCE DIRECTIVES AND PROXY GOALS OF CARE IN ADVANCED DEMENTIA. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.1934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Dmello M, Clark N, Lindsey A, Ajao M, Cohen S, Einarsson J. Referral to a Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgeon Following Incomplete Surgical Treatment of Endometriosis: Outcomes of Repeat Surgery. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2018.09.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Talamas A, Sabik N, Cohen S. AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN SEXUAL ORIENTATION AND HEALTH BEHAVIORS AND OUTCOMES. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Pepin K, Gu X, Cohen S. Does the Relationship Between Uterine Size and Perioperative Complications Vary by Type of Surgeon? J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2018.09.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cohen S, Talamas A. CHALLENGES AND BARRIERS TO AGING IN ALASKA: DISPARITIES IN HEALTH OUTCOMES, QUALITY OF LIFE, AND HEALTH CARE ACCESS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.3185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Gul S, Cohen S, Becker T, Huesgen K, Tyndall J. 322 Connecting Bystander Automated External Defibrillator Use and Neighborhood Socioeconomic Demographics: A Multilevel Analysis. Ann Emerg Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.08.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gul S, Huesgen K, Youn T, Chowdhury M, Cohen S, Becker T, Zhu T, Li X, Yang Z, Wang K, Tyndall J. 383 Neurofilament Light Chain as a Marker for Cerebral Anoxia in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. Ann Emerg Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.08.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ahmadi M, Alves BXR, Baker CJ, Bertsche W, Capra A, Carruth C, Cesar CL, Charlton M, Cohen S, Collister R, Eriksson S, Evans A, Evetts N, Fajans J, Friesen T, Fujiwara MC, Gill DR, Hangst JS, Hardy WN, Hayden ME, Hunter ED, Isaac CA, Johnson MA, Jones JM, Jones SA, Jonsell S, Khramov A, Knapp P, Kurchaninov L, Madsen N, Maxwell D, McKenna JTK, Menary S, Michan JM, Momose T, Munich JJ, Olchanski K, Olin A, Pusa P, Rasmussen CØ, Robicheaux F, Sacramento RL, Sameed M, Sarid E, Silveira DM, Starko DM, Stutter G, So C, Tharp TD, Thompson RI, van der Werf DP, Wurtele JS. Observation of the 1S-2P Lyman-α transition in antihydrogen. Nature 2018; 561:211-215. [PMID: 30135588 PMCID: PMC6786973 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In 1906, Theodore Lyman discovered his eponymous series of transitions in the extreme-ultraviolet region of the atomic hydrogen spectrum1,2. The patterns in the hydrogen spectrum helped to establish the emerging theory of quantum mechanics, which we now know governs the world at the atomic scale. Since then, studies involving the Lyman-α line-the 1S-2P transition at a wavelength of 121.6 nanometres-have played an important part in physics and astronomy, as one of the most fundamental atomic transitions in the Universe. For example, this transition has long been used by astronomers studying the intergalactic medium and testing cosmological models via the so-called 'Lyman-α forest'3 of absorption lines at different redshifts. Here we report the observation of the Lyman-α transition in the antihydrogen atom, the antimatter counterpart of hydrogen. Using narrow-line-width, nanosecond-pulsed laser radiation, the 1S-2P transition was excited in magnetically trapped antihydrogen. The transition frequency at a field of 1.033 tesla was determined to be 2,466,051.7 ± 0.12 gigahertz (1σ uncertainty) and agrees with the prediction for hydrogen to a precision of 5 × 10-8. Comparisons of the properties of antihydrogen with those of its well-studied matter equivalent allow precision tests of fundamental symmetries between matter and antimatter. Alongside the ground-state hyperfine4,5 and 1S-2S transitions6,7 recently observed in antihydrogen, the Lyman-α transition will permit laser cooling of antihydrogen8,9, thus providing a cold and dense sample of anti-atoms for precision spectroscopy and gravity measurements10. In addition to the observation of this fundamental transition, this work represents both a decisive technological step towards laser cooling of antihydrogen, and the extension of antimatter spectroscopy to quantum states possessing orbital angular momentum.
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Russo D, Ancillotto L, Cistrone L, Libralato N, Domer A, Cohen S, Korine C. Effects of artificial illumination on drinking bats: a field test in forest and desert habitats. Anim Conserv 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Shimamura Y, Walsh CM, Cohen S, Aronson M, Tabori U, Kortan PP, Durno CA. Role of video capsule endoscopy in patients with constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD) syndrome: report from the International CMMRD Consortium. Endosc Int Open 2018; 6:E1037-E1043. [PMID: 30105291 PMCID: PMC6086686 DOI: 10.1055/a-0591-9054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD) syndrome, also known as biallelic mismatch repair deficiency (BMMRD) syndrome is a rare autosomal-recessive genetic disorder that has a high mortality due to malignancy in childhood and early adulthood. The small bowel phenotype in CMMRD is not well described and surveillance protocols for small bowel cancer have not been well established. This study was conducted to evaluate the usefulness and clinical impact of video capsule endoscopy (VCE) for small bowel surveillance. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the prospectively maintained International CMMRD Consortium database. Treating physicians were contacted and VCE report data were extracted using a standardized template. RESULTS Among 58 patients included in the database, 38 VCE reports were collected from 17 patients. Polypoid lesions were first detected on VCE at a median age of 14 years (range: 4 - 17). Of these, 39 % in 7 patients (15/38) showed large polypoid lesions (> 10 mm) or multiple polyps that prompted further investigations. Consequently, three patients were diagnosed with small bowel neoplasia including one patient with adenocarcinoma. Small bowel neoplasia and/or cancer were confirmed histologically in 35 % of the patients (6/17) who had capsule surveillance and the lesions in half of these patients were initially visualized on VCE. Multiple polyps were identified on eight VCEs that were completed on three patients. Ten VCEs (28 %) were incomplete due to slow bowel transit; none required capsule removal. CONCLUSIONS Small bowel surveillance in patients with CMMRD should be initiated early in life. VCE has the potential to detect polyps; however, small bowel neoplasias are often proximal and can be missed, emphasizing the importance of concurrent surveillance with other modalities. MEETING PRESENTATIONS Digestive Disease Week 2017 and World Congress of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition 2016.
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Fischer Q, Georges J, Le Feuvre C, Sharma A, Hammoudi N, Berman E, Cohen S, Jolivet I, Silvain J, Helft G. Optimal long-term antithrombotic treatment of patients with stable coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation: “OLTAT registry”. Int J Cardiol 2018; 264:64-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cavalli Z, Becker A, Triffault-Filit C, Bosch A, Roux S, Valour F, Laurent F, Cohen S, Chidiac C, Ferry T. Évaluation de l’utilisation de la céfoxitine en association en administration parentérale continue dans le traitement des infections ostéoarticulaires. Med Mal Infect 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2018.04.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pizzoglio V, Cohen S, Bevalot F, Thiollière F, Gérard A, Boucher A, Patat AM. Intoxication sévère par 2,5-diméthoxy-4-chloroamphétamine ou DOC. TOXICOLOGIE ANALYTIQUE ET CLINIQUE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2018.04.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ahmadi M, Alves BXR, Baker CJ, Bertsche W, Capra A, Carruth C, Cesar CL, Charlton M, Cohen S, Collister R, Eriksson S, Evans A, Evetts N, Fajans J, Friesen T, Fujiwara MC, Gill DR, Hangst JS, Hardy WN, Hayden ME, Isaac CA, Johnson MA, Jones JM, Jones SA, Jonsell S, Khramov A, Knapp P, Kurchaninov L, Madsen N, Maxwell D, McKenna JTK, Menary S, Momose T, Munich JJ, Olchanski K, Olin A, Pusa P, Rasmussen CØ, Robicheaux F, Sacramento RL, Sameed M, Sarid E, Silveira DM, Stutter G, So C, Tharp TD, Thompson RI, van der Werf DP, Wurtele JS. Characterization of the 1S-2S transition in antihydrogen. Nature 2018; 557:71-75. [PMID: 29618820 PMCID: PMC6784861 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In 1928, Dirac published an equation 1 that combined quantum mechanics and special relativity. Negative-energy solutions to this equation, rather than being unphysical as initially thought, represented a class of hitherto unobserved and unimagined particles-antimatter. The existence of particles of antimatter was confirmed with the discovery of the positron 2 (or anti-electron) by Anderson in 1932, but it is still unknown why matter, rather than antimatter, survived after the Big Bang. As a result, experimental studies of antimatter3-7, including tests of fundamental symmetries such as charge-parity and charge-parity-time, and searches for evidence of primordial antimatter, such as antihelium nuclei, have high priority in contemporary physics research. The fundamental role of the hydrogen atom in the evolution of the Universe and in the historical development of our understanding of quantum physics makes its antimatter counterpart-the antihydrogen atom-of particular interest. Current standard-model physics requires that hydrogen and antihydrogen have the same energy levels and spectral lines. The laser-driven 1S-2S transition was recently observed 8 in antihydrogen. Here we characterize one of the hyperfine components of this transition using magnetically trapped atoms of antihydrogen and compare it to model calculations for hydrogen in our apparatus. We find that the shape of the spectral line agrees very well with that expected for hydrogen and that the resonance frequency agrees with that in hydrogen to about 5 kilohertz out of 2.5 × 1015 hertz. This is consistent with charge-parity-time invariance at a relative precision of 2 × 10-12-two orders of magnitude more precise than the previous determination 8 -corresponding to an absolute energy sensitivity of 2 × 10-20 GeV.
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Cohen S, Flecher X, Parratte S, Ollivier M, Argenson JN. Influence of treatment modality on morbidity and mortality in periprosthetic femoral fracture. A comparative study of 71 fractures treated by internal fixation or femoral implant revision. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2018; 104:363-367. [PMID: 29458200 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidence of periprosthetic femoral fracture is constantly increasing, with high associated morbidity and mortality. Surgical treatment is guided by the Vancouver classification, but the influence of type of treatment on morbidity and mortality has been little analyzed. The theoretical advantage of implant revision over internal fixation is that it should allow earlier weight-bearing, although the impact of this on morbidity and mortality and autonomy has not been demonstrated. We conducted a case-control study, to assess the influence of type of treatment (implant revision or internal fixation) (1) on mobility and autonomy and (2) on morbidity and mortality. HYPOTHESIS The study hypothesis was that clinical results and morbidity and mortality do not differ between these two types of treatment. METHODS A retrospective study included 70 patients with a total of 71 femoral periprosthetic fractures treated between 2007 and 2014. Two treatment groups, comparable for mean age, gender and ASA and Parker scores, were studied. Mean age was 78±13.5years (range, 23-95years). Thirty-six fractures (50.7%) were treated by implant revision via a posterolateral approach, using a revision stem with (n=11) or without cement (n=25) (REVISION group); immediate postoperative weight-bearing was authorized. Thirty-five fractures (49.3%) were treated by open reduction and internal fixation, using a locking plate (ORIF group); weight-bearing was authorized only in the third month. Mean follow-up was 43±27months (range, 0.75-107months). RESULTS Autonomy on Parker score was reduced by 2 points at 1year's follow-up. Mean preoperative scores were 7.32±1.79 (range, 3-9) and 7.43±1.79 (range, 4-9) in the REVISION and ORIF group, respectively, (p=0.8), falling to 5.06±2.6 (range, 0-9) and 4.5±2.01 (range, 0-9) respectively at follow-up (p=0.349). Sixteen patients in the REVISION group versus 13 in the ORIF group had made adaptations in their home or changed place of residence (p=0.2). At last follow-up, 18 patients (28.6%) had died: 12 (37.5%) in the ORIF and 6 (19.3%) in the REVISION group (p<0.05). Survival with death as endpoint at a mean 3.5years was 88±11% in the REVISION group versus 51±11% in the ORIF group (p=0.02). Three implant replacements were performed in each group (p=0.83). Twelve medical or surgical complications occurred in the ORIF group (37.5%) and 11 in the REVISION group (34%) (p=0.9). CONCLUSION Implant revision for periprosthetic femoral fracture showed significantly lower overall mortality than internal fixation, without difference in terms of treatment failure or complications requiring revision surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, case-control study.
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Ghebre MA, Pang PH, Diver S, Desai D, Bafadhel M, Haldar K, Kebadze T, Cohen S, Newbold P, Rapley L, Woods J, Rugman P, Pavord ID, Johnston SL, Barer M, May RD, Brightling CE. Biological exacerbation clusters demonstrate asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap with distinct mediator and microbiome profiles. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 141:2027-2036.e12. [PMID: 29709671 PMCID: PMC5986707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are heterogeneous. Objective We sought to investigate the sputum cellular, mediator, and microbiome profiles of both asthma and COPD exacerbations. Methods Patients with severe asthma or moderate-to-severe COPD were recruited prospectively to a single center. Sputum mediators were available in 32 asthmatic patients and 73 patients with COPD assessed at exacerbation. Biologic clusters were determined by using factor and cluster analyses on a panel of sputum mediators. Patterns of clinical parameters, sputum mediators, and microbiome communities were assessed across the identified clusters. Results The asthmatic patients and patients with COPD had different clinical characteristics and inflammatory profiles but similar microbial ecology. Three exacerbation biologic clusters were identified. Cluster 1 was COPD predominant, with 27 patients with COPD and 7 asthmatic patients exhibiting increased blood and sputum neutrophil counts, proinflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-6 receptor, TNF-α, TNF receptors 1 and 2, and vascular endothelial growth factor), and proportions of the bacterial phylum Proteobacteria. Cluster 2 had 10 asthmatic patients and 17 patients with COPD with increased blood and sputum eosinophil counts, type 2 mediators (IL-5, IL-13, CCL13, CCL17, and CCL26), and proportions of the bacterial phylum Bacteroidetes. Cluster 3 had 15 asthmatic patients and 29 patients with COPD with increased type 1 mediators (CXCL10, CXCL11, and IFN-γ) and proportions of the phyla Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. Conclusions A biologic clustering approach revealed 3 subgroups of asthma and COPD exacerbations, each with different percentages of patients with overlapping asthma and COPD. The sputum mediator and microbiome profiles were distinct between clusters.
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Bouaziz J, Mashiach R, Cohen S, Kedem A, Baron A, Zajicek M, Feldman I, Seidman D, Soriano D. How Artificial Intelligence Can Improve Our Understanding of the Genes Associated with Endometriosis: Natural Language Processing of the PubMed Database. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6217812. [PMID: 29750165 PMCID: PMC5884286 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6217812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a disease characterized by the development of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, but its cause remains largely unknown. Numerous genes have been studied and proposed to help explain its pathogenesis. However, the large number of these candidate genes has made functional validation through experimental methodologies nearly impossible. Computational methods could provide a useful alternative for prioritizing those most likely to be susceptibility genes. Using artificial intelligence applied to text mining, this study analyzed the genes involved in the pathogenesis, development, and progression of endometriosis. The data extraction by text mining of the endometriosis-related genes in the PubMed database was based on natural language processing, and the data were filtered to remove false positives. Using data from the text mining and gene network information as input for the web-based tool, 15,207 endometriosis-related genes were ranked according to their score in the database. Characterization of the filtered gene set through gene ontology, pathway, and network analysis provided information about the numerous mechanisms hypothesized to be responsible for the establishment of ectopic endometrial tissue, as well as the migration, implantation, survival, and proliferation of ectopic endometrial cells. Finally, the human genome was scanned through various databases using filtered genes as a seed to determine novel genes that might also be involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis but which have not yet been characterized. These genes could be promising candidates to serve as useful diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the management of endometriosis.
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Ahmadi M, Alves BXR, Baker CJ, Bertsche W, Butler E, Capra A, Carruth C, Cesar CL, Charlton M, Cohen S, Collister R, Eriksson S, Evans A, Evetts N, Fajans J, Friesen T, Fujiwara MC, Gill DR, Gutierrez A, Hangst JS, Hardy WN, Hayden ME, Isaac CA, Ishida A, Johnson MA, Jones SA, Jonsell S, Kurchaninov L, Madsen N, Mathers M, Maxwell D, McKenna JTK, Menary S, Michan JM, Momose T, Munich JJ, Nolan P, Olchanski K, Olin A, Pusa P, Rasmussen CØ, Robicheaux F, Sacramento RL, Sameed M, Sarid E, Silveira DM, Stracka S, Stutter G, So C, Tharp TD, Thompson JE, Thompson RI, van der Werf DP, Wurtele JS. Erratum: Observation of the hyperfine spectrum of antihydrogen. Nature 2018; 553:530. [PMID: 29258296 DOI: 10.1038/nature24663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/nature23446.
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Ahmadi M, Alves BXR, Baker CJ, Bertsche W, Capra A, Carruth C, Cesar CL, Charlton M, Cohen S, Collister R, Eriksson S, Evans A, Evetts N, Fajans J, Friesen T, Fujiwara MC, Gill DR, Hangst JS, Hardy WN, Hayden ME, Isaac CA, Johnson MA, Jones SA, Jonsell S, Kurchaninov L, Madsen N, Mathers M, Maxwell D, McKenna JTK, Menary S, Momose T, Munich JJ, Olchanski K, Olin A, Pusa P, Rasmussen CØ, Robicheaux F, Sacramento RL, Sameed M, Sarid E, Silveira DM, So C, Stutter G, Tharp TD, Thompson JE, Thompson RI, van der Werf DP, Wurtele JS. Enhanced Control and Reproducibility of Non-Neutral Plasmas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:025001. [PMID: 29376718 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.025001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous control of the density and particle number of non-neutral plasmas confined in Penning-Malmberg traps is demonstrated. Control is achieved by setting the plasma's density by applying a rotating electric field while simultaneously fixing its axial potential via evaporative cooling. This novel method is particularly useful for stabilizing positron plasmas, as the procedures used to collect positrons from radioactive sources typically yield plasmas with variable densities and particle numbers; it also simplifies optimization studies that require plasma parameter scans. The reproducibility achieved by applying this technique to the positron and electron plasmas used by the ALPHA antihydrogen experiment at CERN, combined with other developments, contributed to a 10-fold increase in the antiatom trapping rate.
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Cohen S, Gilutz H, Marelli A, Iserin L, Bonnet D, Burgun A. Administrative Health Databases for addressing emerging issues in adults with congenital heart diseases. ARCHIVES OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES SUPPLEMENTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvdsp.2017.11.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Cohen S, Liu A, Wang F, Guo L, Therrien J, Marelli A. Heart failure hospitalization in adults with congenital heart diseases: What predicts it and how does it affect mortality? ARCHIVES OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES SUPPLEMENTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvdsp.2017.11.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Labombarda F, Hamilton R, Shohoudi A, Aboulhosn J, Broberg C, Cohen S, Cook S, Dore A, Fernandes S, Fournier A, Kay J, Macle L, Mondésert B, Mongeon F, Opotowsky A, Proietti A, Rivard L, Ting J, Zaidi A, Khairy P. Increasing prevalence of atrial fibrillation and permanent atrial tachyarrhythmias in the aging population with congenital heart disease: A multicenter study. ARCHIVES OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES SUPPLEMENTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvdsp.2017.11.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ajao M, Rudnicki M, Larsen C, Goggins E, Cox M, Mushinski A, Manoucheri E, Cohen S, Einarsson J. Does 3D Laparoscopy Improve Vaginal Cuff Suture Time? a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2017.08.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ahmadi M, Alves BXR, Baker CJ, Bertsche W, Butler E, Capra A, Carruth C, Cesar CL, Charlton M, Cohen S, Collister R, Eriksson S, Evans A, Evetts N, Fajans J, Friesen T, Fujiwara MC, Gill DR, Gutierrez A, Hangst JS, Hardy WN, Hayden ME, Isaac CA, Ishida A, Johnson MA, Jones SA, Jonsell S, Kurchaninov L, Madsen N, Mathers M, Maxwell D, McKenna JTK, Menary S, Michan JM, Momose T, Munich JJ, Nolan P, Olchanski K, Olin A, Pusa P, Rasmussen CØ, Robicheaux F, Sacramento RL, Sameed M, Sarid E, Silveira DM, Stracka S, Stutter G, So C, Tharp TD, Thompson JE, Thompson RI, van der Werf DP, Wurtele JS. Observation of the hyperfine spectrum of antihydrogen. Nature 2017; 548:66-69. [PMID: 28770838 DOI: 10.1038/nature23446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The observation of hyperfine structure in atomic hydrogen by Rabi and co-workers and the measurement of the zero-field ground-state splitting at the level of seven parts in 1013 are important achievements of mid-twentieth-century physics. The work that led to these achievements also provided the first evidence for the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron, inspired Schwinger's relativistic theory of quantum electrodynamics and gave rise to the hydrogen maser, which is a critical component of modern navigation, geo-positioning and very-long-baseline interferometry systems. Research at the Antiproton Decelerator at CERN by the ALPHA collaboration extends these enquiries into the antimatter sector. Recently, tools have been developed that enable studies of the hyperfine structure of antihydrogen-the antimatter counterpart of hydrogen. The goal of such studies is to search for any differences that might exist between this archetypal pair of atoms, and thereby to test the fundamental principles on which quantum field theory is constructed. Magnetic trapping of antihydrogen atoms provides a means of studying them by combining electromagnetic interaction with detection techniques that are unique to antimatter. Here we report the results of a microwave spectroscopy experiment in which we probe the response of antihydrogen over a controlled range of frequencies. The data reveal clear and distinct signatures of two allowed transitions, from which we obtain a direct, magnetic-field-independent measurement of the hyperfine splitting. From a set of trials involving 194 detected atoms, we determine a splitting of 1,420.4 ± 0.5 megahertz, consistent with expectations for atomic hydrogen at the level of four parts in 104. This observation of the detailed behaviour of a quantum transition in an atom of antihydrogen exemplifies tests of fundamental symmetries such as charge-parity-time in antimatter, and the techniques developed here will enable more-precise such tests.
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